Search

Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding the role of Green Tea (GT) supplementation on women living with obesity. To address this, we conducted to determine the impact of GT supplementation on the weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in overweight and obese women using time and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis searched electronic Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline databases from inception to December 1st, 2022. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 2061 references were identified, and 15 articles with 16 RCT arms on body weight, 17 RCT arms on BMI, and 7 RCT arms on WC were included in the meta-analysis. GT supplementation significantly decreases body weight (WMD: −1.23 kg, 95% CI: −2.13 to −0.33, p = 0.007), BMI (WMD: −0.47 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.07, p = 0.020) and WC (WMD: −3.46 cm, 95% CI: −6.75 to −0.16, p = 0.040). In subgroup analyses, GT consumption demonstrated lowered body weight with dosaes ≥1000 mg/day (WMD: −1.38 kg), in the RCTs, which lasted ≥8 wk (WMD: −1.24 kg). The non-linear dose-response assessment detected a negative correlation between the changes in body weight and BMI in green tea consumption of more than 1000 (mg/day). The GT supplementation reduced the weight, BMI, and WC in overweight and obese women. In clinical practice, healthcare professionals can recommend using GT with dosages ≥ 1000mg/day and duration ≥ 8 wk in obese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weight gain effects of Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in people with HIV (PWH) have been sparsely studied. Participants were enrolled in the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. PWH receiving a backbone of emtricitabine, or lamivudine combined with abacavir, tenofovir disoproxil, or tenofovir alafenamide were analysed. Weight gain according to ART backbone and to the third drug was analysed using a multiple linear regression model. Non-ART risk factors were also determined using multiple linear regression. A total of 591 participants were included in the analysis. The majority were middle-aged, virally suppressed males with a mean BMI just above the normal range. Both tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine or lamivudine and abacavir /emtricitabine or lamivudine, but not tenofovir alafenamide /emtricitabine or lamivudine were associated with weight gain over two years (0.6 kg, p = 0.025; 1.0 kg, p = 0.005). The third drugs associated with weight increase were non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (p = 0.035), dolutegravir (p = 0.008) and atazanavir (p = 0.040). Non-ART risk factors for gaining weight were low or normal BMI, age <40 years, underweight, inactivity or highly active at baseline. Tenofovir disoproxil and abacavir-based ART regimens were associated with a small weight gain. Third drug NNRTI, dolutegravir and atazanavir were associated with an increase in weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and genotype among pre-symptomatic carriers of different pathogenic variants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Methods: C9orf72+ carriers, SOD1+ carriers, and pathogenic variant negative controls (Gene-Negatives) were included from 3 largely independent cohorts: ALS Families Project (ALS-Families); Dominantly inherited ALS (DIALS); and Pre-symptomatic Familial ALS (Pre-fALS). First reported (ALS-Families) or measured (DIALS and Pre-fALS) weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Age at weight measurement, self-reported sex (male vs. female), and highest education (high school or below vs. college education vs. graduate school or above) were extracted. The associations between BMI and genotype in each cohort were examined with multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and education. Results: A total of 223 C9orf72+ carriers, 135 SOD1+ carriers, and 191 Gene-Negatives were included, deriving from ALS-Families (n = 114, median age 46, 37% male), DIALS (n = 221, median age 46, 30% male), and Pre-fALS (n = 214, median age 44, 39% male). Adjusting for age, sex, and education, the mean BMI of C9orf72+ carriers was lower than Gene-Negatives by 2.4 units (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3–4.6, p = 0.02) in ALS-Families; 2.7 units (95% CI = 0.9–4.4, p = 0.003) in DIALS; and 1.9 units (95% CI = 0.5–4.2, p = 0.12) in Pre-fALS. There were no significant differences in BMI between SOD1+ carriers and Gene-Negatives in any of the 3 cohorts. Conclusions: Compared to Gene-Negatives, average BMI is lower in asymptomatic C9orf72+ carriers across 3 cohorts while no significant difference was found between Gene-Negatives and SOD1+ carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being at increased risk of malnutrition, there is a notable absence of practical approaches for nutritional assessment in clinical practice. We investigated the usefulness of phase angle (PhA) and Total Psoas Area Index (TPAI) for indicating nutritional risk and HCC prognosis. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT), and handgrip strength (HGS) were assessed. The Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) was calculated. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification determined the prognosis. Fifty-one males with HCC were enrolled (CTP C = 11.8%). PhA showed a moderate positive correlation with APMT (r = 0.450; p < 0.001) and HGS (r = 0.418; p = 0.002) and a weak positive correlation with TPAI (r = 0.332; p = 0.021). PhA had a strong positive correlation with NRI (r = 0.614; p < 0.001). Mean PhA values were significantly different according to disease severity (CTP C p = 0.001, and BCLC D p = 0.053). TPAI had no significant correlation with HGS, CTP, or BCLC. PhA was a superior approach for predicting nutritional risk and prognosis in HCC than TPAI. Lower PhA is associated with disease progression, lower muscle mass and function, greater severity of nutritional risk, and increased mortality in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Prevention and improvement of hypertension is one of the most important health issues worldwide. The traditional Japanese diet contributes to the prevention of some non-communicable diseases associated with hypertension. However, whether traditional Japanese dietary patterns are associated with hypertension prevalence and systolic blood pressure (SBP) worldwide remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the traditional Japanese diet score (TJDS) is associated with hypertension prevalence and SBP. Methods: This cross-sectional and longitudinal ecological study from 2009 to 2019 included 141 countries with a population of at least 1 million. All data used for analysis were obtained from internationally available databases. The TJDS was calculated using country-specific supplies of five foods commonly eaten in the traditional Japanese diet (rice, fish, soybean, vegetables, and egg) and three less commonly eaten foods (wheat, milk, and red meat). Hypertension was defined by SBP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medications. The mean SBP was >25 age-standardized data. A general linear model was used for the cross-sectional model in 2009, and a linear mixed model was used for the longitudinal analysis from 2009 to 2019. The covariates included gross domestic product, percentage of population aged >65 years, years of education, smoking rate, average body mass index, physical activity, and energy supply. Results: The TJDS was negatively associated with hypertension prevalence (β ± standard error: −0.861 ± 0.202, p < 0.001) and SBP (β ± standard error: −0.364 ± 0.154, p < 0.05) in the cross-sectional analysis. The TJDS was significantly negatively associated with hypertension prevalence (β ± standard error: −0.845 ± 0.200, p < 0.001) and SBP (β ± standard error: −0.312 ± 0.149, p < 0.05) in the 10-year longitudinal analysis controlled for full covariables. Conclusions: Traditional Japanese dietary patterns are associated with lower hypertension prevalence and SBP worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionOral, low-dose and ultra-low-dose continuous combined 17β-estradiol (E) plus dydrogesterone (D) reduce vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in postmenopausal women.Two phase 3, double-blind studies were included. In the European study, postmenopausal women were randomized 2:1:2 to receive E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg (ultra-low dose), E1 mg/D5 mg (low dose) or placebo for 13 weeks. In the Chinese study, women were randomized 1:1 to receive E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. Post-hoc endpoints assessed in body mass index (BMI) subgroups (<25 kg/m2; ≥25 kg/m2) included number of hot flushes and moderate-to-severe hot flushes per day, and the proportion of women with amenorrhea.A total of 640 women were included. At the end of treatment, the mean (95% confidence interval) numbers of daily hot flushes were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) for all treatment groups versus placebo, with E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg (BMI < 25 kg/m2: 2.5 [1.9, 3.1]; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: 3.2 [2.5, 3.8]) and E1 mg/D5 mg versus placebo (BMI < 25 kg/m2: 2.7 [1.2, 4.2]; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: 2.3 [1.1, 3.5]) than with placebo (BMI < 25 kg/m2: 4.4 [3.8, 50]; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: 4.2 [3.6, 4.9]). A similar pattern was seen for moderate-to-severe hot flushes. The amenorrhea rate was high (79–98%) across both studies and BMI subgroups.Oral, ultra-low-dose continuous combined E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg and low-dose continuous combined E1 mg/D5 mg alleviated postmenopausal VMS compared with placebo, irrespective of BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ketamine has emerged as a prominent substance of misuse. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived polypeptide hormone, has been implicated in the development of addiction. Sex-specific changes in leptin levels have been demonstrated following acute ketamine administration; the persistence of long-term ketamine use on leptin levels is uncertain.Objectives: To assess the sex-difference of leptin levels, and their persistence, in individuals with ketamine use disorder (KUD) compared to healthy controls.Methods: Plasma leptin levels were measured in 62 healthy controls (37 males, 25 females) and 68 participants with KUD (50 males, 18 females) on the first day (baseline) and after 1 and 2 weeks of abstinence. As leptin levels are affected by body mass index (BMI), BMI-adjusted leptin (leptin/BMI ratio) was also examined. Mixed model for repeated measures was used to examine changes after ketamine abstinence.Results: Compared to same-sex controls, female, but not male, participants with KUD demonstrated lower leptin levels and leptin/BMI ratio at baseline, week 1, and week 2 (leptin levels: p = .001, 0.006 and 0.032, respectively; leptin/BMI ratio: p = .004, 0.022, and 0.09, respectively). Repeated measures showed that leptin levels and the leptin/BMI ratio increased after 2 weeks of abstinence in male participants with KUD (p = .002 and 0.011, respectively), but females did not show such an increase (p > .05).Conclusions: Sex-specific differences were observed in leptin levels and the leptin/BMI ratio in individuals with KUD compared to controls. Lower leptin levels in females with KUD persisted after 2 weeks of abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionAssessing hand function is essential for many people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Measure of Activity Performance of the Hand (MAP-Hand) allows a rapid evaluation of the hand.To translate the MAP-Hand into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties.The MAP-Hand was translated into Turkish by using established translation guidelines. The questionnaire was pilot tested in 30 people with RA. Then, 185 adults with RA (150 women) participated in the study. Physical characteristics (age, sex, body mass index), socio-demographic information (education, employment, marital status), disease-related characteristics (RA medications, disease activity, duration of disease), hand strength (grip and pinch strengths), and patient reported outcome measures regarding pain, hand/upper extremity function, and general health status were collected. The Turkish MAP-Hand was re-administered to 109 participants in the following week.The Turkish MAP-Hand was acceptable and feasible to administer, and showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.952, confidence interval, CI = 0.942 to 0.962, p < .001). The unidimensionality of the Turkish MAP-Hand was confirmed by Rasch Analysis. Test–retest reliability was excellent (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.908, CI = 0.868 to 0.936, p < .001). The Turkish MAP-Hand showed moderate negative correlations with hand strength (Pearson’s r between −0.511 and −0.572, p < .05), and fair to excellent positive correlations with disease activity, pain, hand/upper extremity function, and general health status (Pearson’s r between 0.437 and 0.915, p < .05).The Turkish Map-Hand demonstrated adequate psychometric properties (internal consistency, structural validity, test–retest reliability, convergent validity) supporting the utility of its use for evaluating the activity performance of the hand in people with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 100 million children and 13% of the adult population suffer from obesity globally. People with obesity experience higher risks of chronic illness, poor mental health outcomes, and premature death. Exposure to natural environments, including green spaces, encourages regular physical activity and cardiovascular exercise to combat obesity. This systematic review, based on the health lifestyle theory, explores previous research on the relationship between natural environments and obesity. We reviewed studies (N = 11) published between 2018 and 2023 examining the relationship between participants (N = 1,225,680) across seven countries. Two overarching areas of impact emerged: environmental health factors (air pollution) and social factors (socioeconomic status and food availability). Although many studies suggested that exposure to green spaces correlated with a lower incidence of obesity, few studies identified possible external factors to explain the relationship between green space and obesity. Implications for future policy legislation, clinical interventions, and research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity (PA), sleep and sedentary time (ST)) is crucial for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the association of 24-hour movement behaviors with NCD risk remains largely obscured in low-middle-income countries. The present study aimed to explore the association between 24-hour movement behaviors and the occurrence of NCDs. An online survey was administered among 310 community-dwelling adults (age 18–65 years) of coastal Karnataka, enquiring sociodemographic profiles, 24-hour movement behaviors and presence of NCD. While spending 33% of daily time in sleep, the respondents spent 30% in light-intensity PA (LIPA), 19% in sedentary and 18% in moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA). Multivariate regression revealed that higher sleep time was significantly associated with higher odds of NCDs (estimate, β = 0.20, odds ratio = 0.82, p < 0.05). However, no significant associations were found for other 24-hour movement behaviors with NCD risk [ST (β = 0.12, p = 0.122), LIPA (β = −0.01, p = 0.184) and MVPA (β = −0.01, p = 0.357)]. Subgroup analyses showed that age and body mass were positively associated with NCDs, while lower socio-economic status was associated with lower sitting time (β = −3.84, p = 0.009) and lower LIPA (−318.49, p = 0.018). Higher age, body mass index and long sleep hours were associated with higher risk of NCDs. These findings may necessitate the inclusion of optimal sleep hours and body mass in health promotion guidelines to prevent chronic diseases among the regional population of coastal Karnataka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present cross-sectional study aimed to compare climacteric symptoms and arterial stiffness indices between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The study sample comprised 70 healthy female participants, including 27 perimenopausal (49.8 ± 3.8 years) and 43 postmenopausal (55.7 ± 4 years) individuals. Validated methods were used to assess physical activity level, quality of life, climacteric symptoms, and anthropometric data. Arterial stiffness parameters were measured using Mobil-O-Graph. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) had a higher mean in the postmenopausal group than in the perimenopause group [8.04 m/s (SD 0.79) vs 7.01 m/s (SD 0.78), p <.001). PWV was strongly correlated with peripheral (r = 0.619) and central (r = 0.632) Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) in postmenopausal group and an even stronger correlation was observed in perimenopausal group (r = 0.779 pSBP and 0.782 cSBP). BMI was a risk predictor in the perimenopausal group contributing positively to increase Pulse Pressure Amplification (PPA) (0.458, p <.05). In postmenopausal women, heart rate (HR) was a stronger predictor for central SBP, cardiac output, and total vascular resistance, whereas perimenopausal women HR influenced central diastolic blood pressure and PPA. Vascular changes initiating during perimenopause may contribute to the development of cardiovascular pathologies in the postmenopausal period. Further research with larger, representative samples is warranted to corroborate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many previous studies reported that mobility did not recover to the preoperative level even several months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, recent studies indicate that the time required for recovery may have been shortened. The correct information regarding the mobility improvement is very helpful in assessing a patients' progress in rehabilitation. Therefore, we evaluated the mobility early after TKA. Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy patients participated. We measured gait speed and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) as mobility at pre-operatively and post-operatively at one, two, and three weeks. Results: Gait speed at 1 and 2 weeks after TKA was significantly lower than the preoperative value, but no significant difference was observed at 3 weeks. TUG at 1 week after surgery was significantly slower than the preoperative value, but no difference at 2 weeks, and faster than the preoperative value at 3 weeks. Approximately half of the patients (gait speed, 50%; TUG, 55%) demonstrated improvements exceeding their preoperative values. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that achieving preoperative mobility within 3 weeks after TKA may serve as a target for assessing early postoperative recovery progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: The study included thirty MDD, thirty-two BD participants in depressive episode, and thirty-seven controls matched according to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. Optic coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were performed for both participants and controls. The RNFL and GCC thickness were measured and recorded automatically by a spectral OCT device. Participants were also subjected to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Results: RNFL superior thickness was significantly lower in BD participants, compared to the MDD participants and controls (p = 0.001). GCC inferior (p = 0.022) and inferonasal (p = 0.005) thickness were detected lower in BD group, compared to the control groups. In the BD group, HAM-D scores were negatively correlated with RNFL-temporal (p = 0.049, r= −0.357), GCC inferotemporal (p = 0.02, r= −0.416) and superotemporal thickness (p = 0.002, r= −0.546). Conclusions: RNFL thickness were lower in BD participants compared to the MDD and controls and, GCC thickness were lower in BD participants compared to the controls. Our findings support the hypothesis that neurodegeneration is part of the pathogenesis of BD. Future research are needed to confirm the lack of RNFL thickness in MDD, which could have immediate therapeutic consequences as well as implications for distinguishing BD from MDD. KEY POINTS: RNFL thickness is lower in BD participants compared to the MDD and controls. GCC thickness were lower in BD participants compared to the controls. HAM-D scores are negatively correlated with RNFL temporal and, GCC inferotemporal and superotemporal thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to the initial hypothesis, Flemish adolescents who reported consuming organic food at least 7.5 times per week did not exhibit reduced internal exposure to the tested recently used pesticides. After adjustment for gender, age, country of origin, socioeconomic status, body mass index, consumption of high-fat foods and foods linked to organic food consumption, and concerning organochlorine derivatives and lead, additional adjustment for the duration of breastfeeding expressed in weeks, they displayed slightly elevated internal exposure to organochlorine derivatives, lead, methyl arsenate, and toxic relevant arsenic. A comparison was also made between the correlation of internal exposure to pollutants with the frequency of organic food consumption on one hand and the total consumption of equivalent products from all sources on the other. Regarding potatoes, vegetables, and fruits, no clear trends were observed. Regarding eggs, there was a trend towards higher internal exposures with organic food consumption, significant for trans-nonachlor, PCB118, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and marginally significant for glyphosate. For dairy, there was a trend towards higher internal exposures with organic food consumption, significant for perfluorononanoic acid and marginally significant for PCB153. Regarding nuts and seeds, the higher internal exposure to dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the lower exposure to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were marginally significant, while there was also a trend towards higher internal exposure to other pollutants with organic food consumption, significant for PCB118, PCB153, and sum PCBs, and marginally significant for trans-nonachlor. Concerning breakfast cereals and muesli, no clear trends were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare delivery, especially for people with chronic disease. We investigated telehealth use by persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) during the COVID-19 pandemic and their suggestions to improve their telehealth experience. Methods: From persons with MS, we collected data on demographic, disease-related and social determinants of health, telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic, satisfaction with telehealth, and suggestions to improve telehealth. We conducted univariate log-binomial regression to establish factors associated with telehealth use versus no use, summarised experiences and suggestions for improvement with frequency tables, and conducted thematic analysis on free-text suggestions for improvement. Results: Of 1,485 participants, 69.8% used telehealth during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Only small differences were observed for demographic, disease and social health determinants between telehealth users and non-users. Most participants who used telehealth had good or very good experiences (new providers:74.3%; existing providers:78.6%). The most common suggestion for improving telehealth experience was "guidance on preparing for telehealth sessions." Participants also wanted expansion in telehealth availability and utility. Conclusion: Persons with MS in Australia commonly used telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic and were generally satisfied with their experiences. Implementing the suggested improvements will help optimise telehealth for persons with MS. Registration: N/A. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Australians with multiple sclerosis (MS) had good or very good experiences of telehealth during the first year of the pandemic. Telehealth is a useful consultation tool for many rehabilitation professions and may be appropriate for use across the whole MS population. To improve the delivery of rehabilitation through telehealth, provision of better guidance on preparing for telehealth consultations and provision of digital equipment to monitor their health is wanted by persons with MS. Rehabilitation professionals and researchers should take opportunities to identify if proficiency in the English language and cultural background may influence experiences with telehealth in persons with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The nutritional status of seasonal migrant agricultural workers is negatively affected by problems with working conditions, wages, accommodations, and living conditions. This study aimed to investigate the living conditions, dietary habits, and food consumption frequency of seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in July and August 2022 in the neighborhoods of Akçadağ district in Malatya Province, Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 262 seasonal migrant agricultural workers aged 15 and over who came to the region for the apricot harvest. The data were obtained using the face-to-face interview technique via a two-part questionnaire including questions on socio-demographic characteristics, living conditions, dietary behaviors and food consumption frequency. Results: The mean age of the seasonal migrant agricultural workers was 24.16 ± 0.75, and they worked 12.01 ± 0.10 hours per day on average. It was determined 74.8% of the workers had access to clean water, and 50.4% did not think they had an adequate and balanced diet. It was found only 57.3% of the workers had a normal body mass index, 80.2% never ate fish, 53.8% never ate red meat, and 67.2% never drank milk, while only 34.4% were able to eat seasonal vegetables. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey do not have suitable conditions in terms of food and accommodations, and their working conditions, wages, and health conditions are inadequate. These deficiencies have a negative effect on workers' quality of life and health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Risk factors (RFs), like 'body mass index (BMI),' 'age,' and 'gender' correlate with Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) diagnosis and have been widely studied. This study examines how these three secondary RFs independently affect the predictive capacity of primary RFs. Methods: The dataset consisted of four population-based studies on the prevalence of DR and associated RFs in India between 2001 and 2010. An Autoencoder was employed to categorize RFs as primary or secondary. This study evaluated six primary RFs coupled independently with each secondary RF on five machine-learning models. Results: The secondary RF 'gender' gave a maximum increase in Area under the curve (AUC) score to predict DR when combined separately with 'insulin treatment,' 'fasting plasma glucose,' 'hypertension history,' and 'glycosylated hemoglobin' with a maximum increase in AUC for the Naive Bayes model from 0.573 to 0.646, for the Support Vector Machines (SVM) model from 0.644 to 0.691, for the SVM model from 0.487 to 0.607, and for the Decision Tree model from 0.8 to 0.848, respectively. The secondary RFs 'age' and 'BMI' gave a maximum increase in AUC score to predict DR when combined separately with 'diabetes mellitus duration' and 'systolic blood pressure,' with a maximum increase in AUC for the SVM model from 0.389 to 0.621, and for the Decision Tree model from 0.617 to 0.713, respectively. Conclusion: The risk factor 'gender' was the best secondary RF in predicting DR compared to 'age' and 'BMI,' increasing the predictive power of four primary RFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of research on improving health behaviours through future thinking but that in improving eating behaviour remains unclear. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of time perspective manipulation in improving adult eating behaviours. Articles published from inception through 17 March 2022 were retrieved from eight databases (CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane library, and Web of Science). Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models with effect sizes reported in Hedges' g. Sixteen experimental studies were included, representing 1,914 participants with mean ages ranging from 20.5 to 44.1 years old and mean baseline BMI of 22.0 kg/m2 to 37.2 kg/m2. The interventions included were episodic future thinking (EFT; n = 12), message framing (n = 2), and varying inter-meal intervals (IMI; n = 2) in improving food choices, food intake and portion size. Two studies reported significant interventional effectiveness for domain-specific EFT while all studies on message framing and IMI reported significant interventional effectiveness. Message framing seemed to be more effective when both temporal distance and valence frames were manipulated. However, the pooled effect sizes of all the interventions did not result in a significant interventional effect (n = 5; g = −0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.44, 0.47; p = 0.23; I2=87.2%). More rigorous research is needed to ascertain the effectiveness of manipulating time perspective in improving eating behaviours before such interventions are more widely used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the patterns and predictors of body mass index (BMI) change among undergraduate students from Ontario (Canada). Participants: 68 undergraduate students were followed longitudinally for 3 years with anthropometric data collected bi-annually. Methods: BMI measurements were plotted to generate individual BMI trajectory curves, which were categorized, based on the observed trajectory pattern. Within and between group comparisons of BMI were conducted via nonparametric paired tests. The association of baseline BMI, sex, and ethnicity with BMI trajectory type was assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Four BMI trajectory types were observed: "stable weight" (n = 15, 22.1%), "weight gain" (n = 30, 44.1%), "weight loss" (n = 12, 17.6%), and "weight cycling" (n = 11, 16.2%) trajectories. Higher baseline BMI was significantly associated with the "weight gain," "weight loss," and the "weight cycling" trajectories as compared to the "stable weight" trajectory type. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate an association between high baseline BMI and "nonstable" subsequent BMI change patterns among Canadian students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine whether sexual assault prospectively predicts unhealthy weight management behaviors in college women. Method: Participants were female college students (N = 483) with monthly assessments across the first year, including the frequency and severity of sexual assault and unhealthy weight management behaviors. Results: Frequency of sexual assault prior to college predicted dieting, purging, and diet pill use, over the first year. Severity of those experiences predicted dieting and diet pill use. Frequency of sexual assault during the first semester predicted purging and diet pill use during the second semester. Severity predicted all three unhealthy weight management behaviors. Findings held consistently when controlling for socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and pre-college mood, anxiety, and eating disorders, as well as unhealthy weight management behaviors during the first semester in longitudinal analyses. Reverse models were non-significant. Conclusions: This research documents the detrimental effects of sexual assault on unhealthy weight management behaviors in college women, and highlights the importance of prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been a common metabolic and endocrinal disorder, prevalent amongst women belonging to the reproductive age group. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the safety and efficacy profile of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, and Licogliflozin) for the treatment of women suffering from PCOS. Methods: A literature search in PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted for randomized clinical trials of SGLT-2 inhibitors in PCOS patients by applying predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles in English language were included. Results: Four randomized controlled trials including 146 subjects were included in the review. The clinical studies indicated a significant decrease in the levels of total testosterone, free androgen index, total body fat, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). However, no significant difference was reported in levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Overall, there was improvement in metabolic and endocrine profiles, suggesting a potentially beneficial impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of PCOS. Conclusion: There is a requirement for large extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors in PCOS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Dimensions of religion and spirituality are associated with better emotional, physical, and cognitive health. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well known. We investigated the relationship between dimensions of religion and spirituality with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of systematic inflammation, in middle-aged and older adults in the United States.Methods: In this descriptive longitudinal study using secondary data, we used proportional odds models of the generalized estimating equation (GEE) to assess the association between religious beliefs and values and religious service attendance with CRP levels from respondents (n = 2,385) aged 50 years and older in the Health and Retirement Study from 2006 to 2014.Results: Middle-aged to older adults who reported higher religious beliefs and values had lower levels of CRP, controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, race, household income, and health, such as hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and body mass index (BMI).Conclusion: Religious beliefs and values are associated with lower CRP levels among middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. This study adds to the understanding of biological processes underlying the relationship between dimensions of religion and spirituality with better cognitive and physical health, potentially through inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionSelf-esteem may be adversely affected in adults with overweight or obesity, particularly women and those showing higher BMIs, although there is no consensus in the literature. The objective of the current study, based on reported cross-sectional associations, was to clarify the relationship between global self-esteem and overweight/obesity in adults.Four databases were searched to identify eligible literature published prior to June 2024, and a systematic review was conducted of the 120 articles identified. Meta-analytic processing of 38 eligible articles at the study level and of the participant data obtained from 16 studies (n = 2,972) was conducted for quantitative synthesis. Potential moderators, such as gender, age, BMI, type of assessment, and treatment-seeking status, were tested.The summary correlation between BMI and self-esteem across studies was r = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.05], z = −3.70, p < .001. None of the tested moderators affected this association, although the meta-analysis of the individual participant data provided by the authors revealed a small effect of gender and a non-linear evolution of self-esteem linked to BMI.The present study found a negative relationship between global self-esteem and overweight/obesity in adults, which suggests a negative, although weak, effect of excess weight on self-perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAimsMethodsResultsConclusionThe calf raise test (CRT) assesses plantarflexor strength and endurance, but normative data for children are scarce. Furthermore, contradictions exist on which factors are associated with total repetitions, with repetitions being the only metric considered. We quantified three of the main CRT outcomes (repetitions, total work, and peak height) in children 10–17 years and explored their relationship with various factors.Healthy children (n = 165, 50.3% female) completed single-legged calf raises on a 10° incline, once on each leg. Test outcomes were extracted using the valid and reliable Calf Raise application.CRT outcomes were not significantly different between legs (p ≥ .19). The only covariates significantly associated with outcomes based on stepwise quantile regressions were body mass index centile for repetitions, meeting physical activity recommendations for total work and peak height, and age for total work. Outcomes did not significantly differ based on sex or maturation. Median values were around 26 for repetitions, 640–1460 J for total work (age dependent), and 10.1 cm for peak height for children meeting physical activity recommendations.Children who were older, had lower body mass indices, and were more active exhibited superior CRT outcomes. Meeting physical activity recommendations appears beneficial for plantarflexor function and should continue to be prioritized in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFAR4) rs61866610 polymorphism on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Herein, ninety-two histopathologically confirmed CRC patients and 95 healthy individuals were evaluated for FFAR4 polymorphism by RFLP-PCR. Gender, age, body mass index (BMI), underlying disease, and smoking status were recorded for all subjects. Clinical and histopathologic findings including tumor grade and TNM stage were also prepared in the patient group. Except for type 2 diabetes which was more prevalent in the control group, there were no differences between the two groups regarding underlying diseases (p > 0.05). The frequency of genotypes was as follows: in the CRC group 75% wild type, 23.9% heterozygous, and 1.1% homozygous mutant. In the control group 85.3% wild type, 12.6% heterozygous, and 2.1% homozygous mutant. Mutant allele carriers were more frequent in CRC subjects (25%) than in the normal group (14.7%) but it did not reach a significant level. The frequency of mutant genotypes in colon cancer and rectal cancer was 27.5% and 8.3% respectively (p = 0.282). The mutant genotypes were found more in patients with high-grade tumors (p = 0.154). Subjects with stage III/IV had a higher frequency of mutant genotypes than low-stage cases (p = 0.011). No association was found regarding rs61866610 and obesity or type 2 diabetes (p > 0.05). In conclusion, FFAR4 (rs61866610) has no significant association with the risk of CRC, but the higher frequency of mutant genotypes in subjects with advanced cancer stages (III/IV) suggests further studies to determine the role of FFAR4 in colorectal tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated whether anthropometric measurements and the five times sit-to-stand test could be used to identify dynapenia. The cut-off values of accurate screening tools for identifying dynapenia were also established. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on individuals ≥ 60 years old (N = 529). All participants underwent handgrip strength measurement, anthropometric measurements and the five times sit-to-stand test. The participants whose handgrip strength was < 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women were considered to have dynapenia. The association between the recorded variables and dynapenia was determined using logistic regression, and cut-off values were established by performing the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. Results: The prevalence of dynapenia was 35.42% in men and 25.61% in women. For males, both calf circumference (≤ 35.2 cm) and the five times sit-to-stand test (≥ 14.6 s) could be used as accurate tools for dynapenia. For females, only the five times sit-to-stand test (≥ 11.8 s) had sufficient accuracy to be used as a screening tool for dynapenia. Conclusions: The five times sit-to-stand test was an accurate screening tool for identifying dynapenia. The calf circumference could be only used as a screening tool in males. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Calf circumference and the five times a sit-to-stand test can be used as accurate screening tools in males with dynapenia. Only the five times sit-to-stand test had sufficient accuracy in females with dynapenia. The optimal cut-off values established for older males and females are only applicable to the Asian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodologyResultsConclusionDespite ample sunshine, vitamin D deficiency continues to be prevalent in the Middle East. This pilot study aimed to identify the rate of vitamin D deficiency at a tertiary hospital in Abu Dhabi and to identify the associated risk factors in children and adolescents.A retrospective observational study was conducted using electronic medical records of paediatric patients who underwent 25-hydroxyvitamin D testing at Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021. Data on age, gender, ethnicity, weight, body mass index and other potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children were recorded. Patients who were already receiving treatment for vitamin D deficiency were excluded. The collected data were analysed using standard statistical methods.Of 26,818 patients under 18 years of age who attended the outpatient clinic, 1519 underwent 25-hydroxyvitamin D testing; 51% were male (n = 755). After applying the exclusion criteria, 1311 participants were included, 755 (58%) of whom had vitamin D concentrations of ≤50 nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in children aged ≥10 years (69%) than in those <10 years of age (53%) (p < 0.0001). The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was in those older than 16 years (86%). More females (63%, n = 407) than males (52%, n = 348) were identified as vitamin D-deficient (p = 0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency was more commonly identified during summer and autumn (59%) than in winter and spring (44%, p < 0.00001).Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in children seeking medical care in the UAE, especially in girls, older children and adolescents, and during the summer and autumn. Paediatricians should have a low screening threshold for hypovitaminosis D, or widespread supplementation should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundMethodResultConclusionThe mechanism linking BMI and asthma remains unclear.Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using summary-level GWAS data from the FinnGen Biobank and the Open GWAS project. The analysis considering potential variables as mediators, including blood cell counts, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers. Three commonly used MR methods—the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WM) method, and MR-Egger method—were employed to infer causal links. A two-step approach was used in mediation analysis to evaluate the causal links among BMI, candidate mediators, and asthma.Elevated BMI demonstrated a substantial correlation with increased asthma risk. Thirteen biomarkers mediated the relationship between BMI and asthma, mainly including leukocyte count (5.070%), apolipoprotein A levels (7.395%), cystatin C levels (5.345%), urate levels (9.057%), diastolic blood pressure (7.365%), and albumin levels (10.888%). These factors collectively explained over 50% of the increased asthma risk associated with BMI elevation. Additionally, eosinophil count and C-reactive protein were also identified as important mediators using the WM method.This study highlights the complex relationship between obesity, blood biomarkers, and asthma risk. Additional studies are required to validate these results and investigate causal relationships in various populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsIndividuals at a higher weight experience greater victimization and exclusion by peers, and limited research suggests that the salience of one’s body image may increase negative emotional reactions to social rejection. Additionally, social exclusion is related to higher levels of social anxiety (SA). We examined how body salience interacts with SA and weight to predict anxiety, self-esteem, and negative affect following social rejection.Participants were undergraduate women (N = 186). We explored the interactive effects of SA, body mass index (BMI), and body salience (i.e., face versus body photo condition) on emotional response to exclusion in a social ostracism paradigm, Cyberball. BMI and self-reported SA were collected at baseline. One week later, participants played Cyberball and reported state affect, anxiety, and self-esteem before and after the game.The 3-way interaction of BMI, SA, and photo condition did not significantly predict post-exclusion state measures. Photo condition moderated the relationship between SA and post-exclusion anxiety and between BMI and post-exclusion anxiety.Those with higher SA were particularly anxious following exclusion if their bodies were visible to others. Additionally, those with lower BMI experienced greater anxiety after exclusion when their body was visible than those with higher BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated associations between chronotypes (Morning [M], Neither [N], Evening [E]), sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, years with migraines, sleep quality (PSQI), anxiety (HADS-A), depression (HADS-D), migraine disability (MIDAS), headache frequency, and pain intensity (VAS) in 80 individuals with migraine. Significant age differences emerged (p < 0.001), with M-types being the oldest. BMI also varied, with M-types presenting the highest median BMI (p = 0.005). While migraine duration and headache frequency showed no significant variance, sleep quality did, with E-types reporting the poorest sleep (p = 0.030). Anxiety and depression were significantly worse in E-types (HADS-A: p = 0.002; HADS-D: p = 0.010). Differences in MIDAS levels were notable (p = 0.038); however, differences in MIDAS scores were not significant (p = 0.115). Pain intensity varied, with E-types experiencing the most severe pain (p = 0.009). Post-hoc analysis showed higher MIDAS scores in E-types compared to N-types (χ2 = 6.56, p = 0.038, ε2 = 0.0831). The findings highlight the need for thorough patient evaluations and tailored care, considering the complex interplay of factors affecting migraine severity, particularly among different chronotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the in-match fuelling practices of elite football players and compare against current guidelines, we quantified the carbohydrate, fluid, and caffeine intake of players from an English Premier League club (n = 22) during 90 min of competitive match-play. Mean carbohydrate intake across match-play was 17 ± 11 g.h−1 with players demonstrating a preference towards CHO-containing fluids (58%) when compared with semi-solids (38%) and solids (14%), respectively. CHO intake was significantly lower than reported by players (17 ± 11 vs 24.8 ± 11 g.h−1, p < 0.001) during initial consultation. Fluid was ingested at a rate of 0.45 ± 0.14 L.h−1, with 54, 40 and 6% of ingested fluid coming from water, carbohydrate, and electrolyte-only solutions, respectively. The majority of players (91%) met the UEFA guidelines for fluid consumption. Of the players who consumed caffeine across match-play (55%) the average dose was 233 ± 148 mg (2.8 ± 1.1 mg.kg−1 body mass [BM]), which meets the UEFA consensus guidelines for caffeine intake. Caffeine capsules (42%) and caffeine containing fluids (30%) were the preferred format prior to the warm-up whilst caffeine gum was exclusively used prior to kick-off and during the half-time period (100%). We conclude that 81% of the total playing squad failed to meet the current UEFA CHO intake recommendations of 30–60 g.h−1, which may be attributed to the preference towards fluid-based CHOs as the chosen format of delivery. Highlights: Soccer players demonstrate sub-optimal in-match fuelling practices, with 81% of players failing to meet current UEFA CHO intake recommendations of 30-60 g.h−1 Players demonstrate a preference towards fluid as the primary mode of CHO delivery over the use of semi-solid and solid formats. These data highlight the need for future research to test the efficacy of lower doses of CHO on elements of both physical and technical soccer performance in a dose-response manner. Future research is also necessary to investigate the impact of traditional guidelines and recommendations within football-specific contexts to assess their effectiveness and relevance in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore disordered eating behaviors in gender-affirming treatment (GAT)-seeking transgender (TG) adults and cisgender people, in addition to analyzing the association between gender dysphoria intensity, body mass index, and disordered eating behaviors. Data were collected from 132 GAT-seeking TG people with gender dysphoria who had never received GAT (91 TG men, 41 TG women), and 153 cisgender (99 cisgender men, 54 cisgender women) participants from Turkey. The Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale was used to evaluate the intensity of gender dysphoria. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 were utilized to assess disordered eating. There was no difference between TG women and TG men in terms of ED psychopathology. The most prominent characteristic in all four groups was shape concern, which was significantly higher in TG men and TG women when compared to cisgender men and cisgender women. Binge eating was notably more frequent in TG men and TG women compared to cisgender men, with 11% of the TG men and 7.3% of the TG women meeting the criteria for possible binge eating disorder. Screening for disordered eating behaviors, particularly binge eating, may be recommended in routine care for TG people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the co-occurrence of food insecurity and eating disorders is a pressing concern. Several factors have been hypothesized to increase risk for eating disorders in women with food insecurity including dietary restriction, body weight, and weight-related bias, but few studies have tested these factors simultaneously to determine which are associated most strongly with eating disorder status. We tested cross-sectional associations of dietary restriction, current body mass index (BMI), weight suppression (i.e. the difference between current weight and highest weight), and weight bias with eating disorder diagnosis in a sample of 99 self-identified women with current food insecurity (54% White; mean [SD] age = 40.26 [14.33] years). Participants completed two virtual study visits consisting of electronic questionnaires and interviews. A binary logistic regression model was conducted to test relations between the hypothesized correlates and eating disorder diagnostic status in the past 12 months, controlling for age, food insecurity severity, and body dissatisfaction. Higher levels of weight suppression and weight bias, but not current BMI, were significantly associated with the presence of an eating disorder. Contrary to our hypothesis, greater dietary restriction was associated with lower likelihood of eating disorder diagnosis. Results suggest high levels of weight bias and weight suppression characterize women with food insecurity who meet criteria for an eating disorder. Women who experience food insecurity and have lost a relatively great deal of weight and/or hold biases about high weight should be screened for eating pathology in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changes in the trunk and lower limbs' sagittal movements may cause patellofemoral pain (PFP) because they influence the forces acting on this joint. Objectives: To compare trunk and lower limb sagittal kinematics between women with and without PFP during functional tests and to verify whether sagittal trunk kinematics are correlated with those of the knees and ankles. Methods: A total of 30 women with PFP and 30 asymptomatic women performed single-leg squat (SLS) and step-down (SD) tests and were filmed by a camera in the sagittal plane. The trunk inclination angle, forward knee displacement, and ankle angle were calculated. Results: The PFP group exhibited less trunk flexion (SLS, p =.006; SD, p =.016) and greater forward knee displacement (SLS, p =.001; SD, p =.004) than the asymptomatic group; there was no significant difference in ankle angle (SLS, p =.074; SD, p =.278). Correlation analysis revealed that decreased trunk flexion was associated with increased forward knee displacement (SLS, r = −0.439, p =.000; SD, r = −0.365, p =.004) and ankle dorsiflexion (SLS, r = −0.339, p =.008; SD, r = −0.356, p =.005). Conclusion: Women with PFP present kinematic alterations of the trunk and knee in the sagittal plane during unipodal activities. Furthermore, the trunk and lower limb sagittal movements were interdependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Concurrent Exercise Training (CET) is defined as an exercise training mode in which aerobic and resistance exercises are performed in the same session. Objectives: The effects of CET in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of the present systematic review with a meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of CET on metabolic markers, body composition, lipid profile, inflammation, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in people with T2DM. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched from inception up to January 2023. The eligibility criteria included prospective studies that had T2DM participants aged between 35 and 65 years who performed CET at least 2 times/week for a minimum duration of 8 weeks with a control group. Results: Seven studies were identified for qualitative review. Sufficient data were not available for one study, therefore, meta-analysis was performed in six studies. A significant effect was observed in glucose level (p <.01); glycated hemoglobin (p =.02); Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (p =.02); body mass index (p =.02); %body fat (p <.01); %fat-free mass (p <.01); waist circumference (p =.03); triglyceride (p <.01); peak oxygen uptake (p <.01); and tumor necrotic factor -α (p <.01). Conclusions: The CET is effective in improving metabolic markers, body composition, lipid profile, inflammation, and CRF in people with T2DM and can be included in the management of T2DM. The overall evidence for this conclusion may be influenced by bias in included studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined a set of background psychological and other variables of orthorexic (ON) tendency in a sample of young women with special interest in healthy lifestyle. The sample consisted of female young adults (N = 310; aged 18–35 years; mean age = 24.3 years; SD = 4.97 years) who were recruited through social media health sites. Besides Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (ORTO‑15), BMI, regular sporting activity, the following scales were used: Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI, drive for thinness, ineffectiveness and maturity fears); Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS); and The Proactive Coping Inventory. In this sample, 37.7% were at risk for ON. Eating disorder attitudes, regular sporting and social media addiction were the most relevant predictors of orthorexic tendency with drive for thinness being the strongest contributor (β = 0.54, p < 0.001). For young women with a special interest in healthy lifestyle, drive for thinness together with regular sporting, ON tendency may serve as a tool for achieving their goal. Social media addiction and other psychological problems (feeling of ineffectiveness or maturity fears) can also contribute to orthorexic rendency. It would be important to ask for support from qualified health professionals when changing nutritional practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical relevance: The association between myopia and body stature is of great significance for understanding prevention and control of myopia. It has been extensively studied in previous studies but without consistent conclusions. Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between body stature and prevalence of reduced visual acuity in high school graduates in Hangzhou, China. Methods: 50,620 high school graduates who finished the physical examination of the national college entrance examination in 2020 were included. Data were derived from the database of physical examination of the national college entrance examination. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the general formula. Visual acuity was measured by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. Results: The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was 90.38% in high school graduates. Girls had a higher prevalence of reduced visual acuity than boys (93.07% vs 87.60%, P < 0.001). Boys with normal visual acuity were significantly taller (P < 0.001) and heavier (P < 0.001) than those with reduced visual acuity. Girls with normal visual acuity were significantly taller than those with reduced visual acuity (P < 0.001). The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was significantly inversely associated with height in both boys (P < 0.001) and girls (P < 0.001). The risk of reduced visual acuity was the lowest in the fourth quartile of height. The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was significantly associated with BMI only in boys (P < 0.001). The risk of reduced visual acuity was the lowest in the third quartile of BMI. Conclusions: The prevalence of reduced visual acuity was inversely associated with height in both boys and girls, and there was a U-shaped association with BMI only in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine associations between patellofemoral pain (PFP) and musculoskeletal features (such as tendon structure and bone properties) in young (pre- and post-pubertal) female dancers. A total of 49 dancers participated in this study (mean age 13.6 ± 2.9; weight 47.0 ± 13.2; height 153.7 ± 12.9 and body mass index (BMI) 19.4 ± 3.1) and were assessed for the following factors: dance background and Tanner stage through interviews; ultrasonography assessments of bone properties and patellar tendon structure through ultrasonographic tissue characterization and quantitative ultrasound, respectively; and anthropometric measurements, muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), hypermobility and PFP through physical examinations. PFP was found in 49% of the participants. Post-pubertal dancers with no-PFP were found to have greater muscle strength, greater radial and tibial properties, and better tendon structure compared to pre-pubertal dancers with PFP and compared to pre-pubertal dancers with no-PFP [F(2, 41) = 18.64, p <.001; F(2, 41) = 20.46, p <.001; F(2, 41) = 33.06, p <.001; and, F(2, 41) = 6.02, p =.007, respectively]. Logistic regression showed that tibial bone properties and range of movement (ROM) in hip external rotation were significantly associated with PFP [odds ratio (OR) =.889 and OR = 2.653, respectively; Cox & Snell R2 =.701]. The study revealed a high prevalence of PFP among young dancers, with low bone properties and hyperjoint ROM emerging as the main factors that are related to PFP. These findings should be addressed by medical teams, athletic trainers, and dance teachers regarding the need for implementing modifications to dance training programmes and injury-prevention strategies in young pre-pubertal dancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aims to identify and synthesize the available literature describing the use of the gender approach in research and nursing clinical practice related to hypertension. The review was conducted following the scoping review framework recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. Elements related to content were chosen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Data were extracted using a predesigned table and were presented narratively after the content analysis. The PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, ScienceDirect and ERIC databases were consulted between March 2022 and June 2024. Reference lists from all sources and gray literature were also reviewed to identify additional publications. A total of 18 studies were finally included in this scoping review. Most of the studies (83 percent) represent gender as a biological variable (sex), and only a few of them (22 percent) analyzed psychological or social differences. In addition, several studies include unequal representations of each sex, most of them use the terms "sex" and "gender" as incorrect or interchangeable, which makes it difficult to evaluate the results from a gender perspective. There is still a substantial gap in the literature related to nurses' intervention with a gender approach in patients with hypertension. Future studies should focus on improving health interventions by considering gender to improve equality and efficiency in health outcomes associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the association between insomnia severity symptoms and menstrual health, fatigue and anxiety symptoms in women at reproductive age. Method: We used data from EPISONO (2007), an epidemiological study from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Women completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to obtain information about insomnia, fatigue, and anxiety symptoms. For menstrual health, we collected information using our Institutional Women's Questionnaire about menstrual flow and duration, the presence of pain during menstruation and menstrual cycle regularity. The statistical analysis was performed using ordinal logistic regression, considering p <.05. Results: Of the 1,042 participants, only 282 women met the inclusion criteria to participate in this study. The mean age was 34.4 years (SD ± 8.36), and the body mass index (BMI) was 25.7 (SD ± 5.39). According to the model, a 1-unit higher CFS score increased the odds of having more insomnia symptoms in the ISI (OR = 1.170; 95% CI=[1.073; 1.279]; p <.001). In the same way, a 1-unit higher BAI score increased the chance of presenting insomnia symptoms, according to the ISI (OR = 1.072; 95% CI=[1.042; 1.104]; p <.001). The menstrual variables did not represent statistical significance in the model. Conclusions: Fatigue and anxiety symptoms were associated with insomnia symptoms; however, no association was observed between menstrual health and insomnia. The need to examine sleep when there are sleep complaints is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis that facilitates appropriate treatment and to provide better sleep quality for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vortioxetine has demonstrated safety and efficacy in improving symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), including overall functioning in real-world settings. This is the first study in a real-life clinical setting in India to evaluate effectiveness and safety of vortioxetine in patients with MDD. Methods: This interventional, open-label study consisted of a 12-week treatment period with flexible doses of vortioxetine (5–20 mg/day) in adult patients (aged 18–65 years) with a confirmed MDD diagnosis. Effectiveness outcomes included change from baseline to week 12 in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI-S) scores, along with CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scores at week 12, using a mixed model for repeated measures. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded for safety outcome assessments. Results: Of 395 patients who received vortioxetine, 42.3% were women mean age 38.9 years; 322 patients completed the study. Significant improvement in depressive symptoms was observed in change from baseline to week 12 least squares (LS) mean (SE) PHQ-9 total score (−9.36 [0.276]; p<.0001) and CGI-S score (−2.14 [0.065]; p<.0001). LS mean (SE) CGI-I score showed significant improvement at week 12 (1.93 [0.067]; p<.0001). Subgroup analysis across age, sex, disease severity, and body mass index showed significant improvements in depression symptoms and severity. A total of 35.4% (n = 140) of patients experienced treatment-emergent AEs (mostly mild-moderate); nausea and pruritus were the most frequent (6.6%, n = 26 each). Conclusion: Safety and effectiveness of vortioxetine in improving symptoms of MDD over a 12-week period was demonstrated in a real-life clinical setting in India. Clinical trial registration information: Open-label, flexible-dose study of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder in India; Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT04288895; [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older patients with cancer present intense loss of muscle mass (MM). Calf circumference (CC) is a simple measurement that assesses MM. This study analyzed the accuracy and association between low CC and negative outcomes in older patients with solid tumors. A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of inpatients with cancer was conducted. Low CC was defined as CC ≤34 cm in males and ≤33 cm in females. The CC was adjusted for body mass index by reducing 3 or 7 cm for BMI (in kg/m2) of 25–29.9 and 30–39.9, respectively. Accuracy tests and regression analyses were performed to evaluate the criterion validity of low CC for predicting length of stay (LOS) and readmission. A total of 248 inpatients were evaluated (69.7 [standard deviation (SD) 7.2]; 59.7% men). Among them, 31% had a low CC. A low CC (crude and adjusted for BMI) showed poor performance in predicting LOS and readmission. In the adjusted analysis, older patients with low CC had a 2.45-fold increased risk of LOS ≥ 4 days. Low CC did not perform well in predicting negative outcomes in older patients with solid tumors. However, low CC was positively associated with LOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition is essential for peripheral nerve function, yet dietary factors associated with chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remain poorly characterized. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine differences in diet quality and macronutrients for cancer survivors with and without CIPN. Cancer survivors (e.g., ≥3 months post platinum and/or taxane-based neurotoxic chemotherapy) with (i.e., ≥1/4 PRO-CTACE™ Numbness and Tingling Severity) and without CIPN completed the VioScreen Research Graphical Food Frequency Questionnaire. The association among diet (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]), macronutrient intake (average percent caloric intake), and CIPN severity were analyzed using generalized linear regression models, adjusting for caloric intake, body mass index, age, and sex. Results revealed that for each one-point increase in diet quality, PRO-CTCAE severity decreased by −0.06 (95% CI: −0.10, −0.02, P < 0.01). Participants without CIPN reported higher diet quality than those with CIPN (HEI mean: 70.11 vs 68.45) (OR = 0.94, P = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99). Participants with CIPN had significantly higher carbohydrate consumption than participants without CIPN (OR = 1.11, P = 0.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22). There were no significant differences in consumption of proteins or fats between groups. Further research should be pursued to discover the potential benefits of dietary interventions for CIPN management among cancers survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oncology community has shown growing interest to understand how body composition measures can be utilized to improve cancer treatment and survivorship care for about 20 million individuals diagnosed with cancer annually. Recent observational studies demonstrate that muscle and adipose tissue distribution are risk factors for clinical outcomes such as postoperative complications, and worse overall survival. There is an emergent recognition that body mass index (BMI) is neither adequate to identify patients with adverse health outcomes due to poor muscle health or excess adiposity, nor does BMI accurately classify the distribution of adiposity. Abdominal CT is a most frequently imaging examination for a wide variety of clinical indications, but it is only used to diagnose the immediate problem. Additionally, each CT examination contains very robust data on body composition which generally goes unused in routine clinical practice. The field is eager to identify therapeutic interventions that modify body composition and reduce the incidence of poor clinical outcomes in this population. Large scale population based screening is feasible now by making all of these relevant biometric measures fully automated through the use of artificial intelligence algorithms, which provide rapid and objective assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To synthesize evidence about physical fitness levels in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared with typically developing (TD) children. We searched four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies comparing physical fitness between children with and without DCD. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We calculated Cohen's d effect sizes to provide clinical evidence of group differences in aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, muscle strength, body composition and flexibility. We included 32 studies for qualitative synthesis after applying eligibility criteria. All selected studies ranged from moderate to high research quality. Effect sizes in favor of typically developing children over children with DCD were large for aerobic capacity (d = 1.15), anaerobic capacity (d = 0.90), and muscle strength (d = 0.79), and small for body composition (d = 0.43) and flexibility (d = 0.21) outcomes. Children with DCD presented significantly lower physical fitness than their typically developing peers, particularly in aerobic and anaerobic capacity and in muscle strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed social isolation measures, which impacted the child population, especially regarding physical and mental health aspects. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness, immunoglobulin -A secretion, and anxiety symptoms in 267 children aged 6–11 years, eutrophic or overweight. Methods: Sedentary behavior was evaluated by the time of exposure to screens. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 6-minute run/walk test and immunoglobulin-A by salivary samples. Anxiety symptoms were reported by the SCAS-version for parents. Results: It was observed that after a period of confinement, overweight in children had a negative impact on cardiorespiratory performance and sedentary behavior. Differences were also observed in the concentration and secretion rate of SIgA in the overweight group compared to the normal weight group. Discussion: The return to face-to-face classes brought a high proportion of overweight students, who showed lower aerobic performance. Considering sedentary behavior, all groups presented values greater than 2 hours of daily exposure to screens. Translation to Health Education Practice: Special attention is needed from health professionals and teachers in relation to reducing sedentary behavior and improving cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dolutegravir, an integrase strand inhibitor, has been linked to an increase in body mass index among adults. However, little is known about its effect on adolescents. The study assessed the effect of a dolutegravir-based regimen on adolescents' body weight and emphasized the gender-specific differences in weight gain, if any. This prospective cohort study was conducted among 182 treatment-experienced adolescents living with HIV at a tertiary hospital in Southeast Nigeria. The body mass index measurements were calculated before transitioning to dolutegravir and after six months of being on the dolutegravir regimen. A comparison of the difference in mean body mass index before and after dolutegravir-based therapy was determined using a paired t-test. At the end of the six-month follow-up, there was a significant increase in the respondents' overall body mass index z-score (t = −10.00, p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the body mass index z-score of both genders (male; t = −7.49, p < 0.001, female; t = −6.91, p < 0.001). The dolutegravir-based therapy (β-coefficient = −0.17, t = − 2.09, p < 0.001) and baseline body mass index z-score (β-coefficient = 0.76, t = 15.86, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of body mass index z-score at six months. In adolescents living with HIV, the transition to dolutegravir is associated with increased body weight. Female adolescents tend to gain more weight compared to males. Therefore, there is a need for regular monitoring of body weight for early detection of obesity and prompt intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimally invasive surgical techniques for sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fixation have the potential to reduce risk and improve patient outcomes, but evidence remains limited. This interim analysis presents initial findings from an ongoing prospective study evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Catamaran System. Methods: The primary endpoint of success at 6 months was defined as a ≥20 mm improvement in SIJ pain (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), no neurologic worsening, absence of device-related serious adverse events (SAEs), and no surgical reintervention. Secondary endpoints included 6 month evaluation of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), patient satisfaction, and 12 month radiographic CT fusion, performed by an indpendent radiologist. Results: Thirty-three consecutive patients (mean age: 58.9 years; %-females: 76%; Body Mass Index: 30.5) were treated across six U.S. clinical sites. At the primary endpoint of 6 months, 80% of patients met the criteria for success, with no device-related SAEs and no surgical reintervention reported. VASSIJ-Pain significantly decreased from preoperative levels (mean: 80.9 mm) to 6 months postoperatively (31.1 mm; p < 0.001). Mean ODI scores also showed a significant improvement from preoperative values (51.9%) to 6 months postoperatively (29.6%, p < 0.01). Patients reported high satisfaction rates throughout all follow-ups, with 93.3% of patients being satisfied at 6 months. Conclusion: In patients diagnosed with chronic SIJ pain, minimally invasive inferior-posterior delivery of the Catamaran implant was safe and effective in relieving pain and reducing disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a multitude of investigations assessing the impact of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices, there is still a great deal of heated debate regarding the benefits of this intervention in obesity management. Therefore, in order to clarify the effect of green coffee extract on waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body weight (BW), we conducted an umbrella review of interventional meta-analyses. The Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Embase databases were searched using specific keywords and word combinations. The umbrella meta-analysis was performed using the Stata software version 17 (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, USA). We pooled effect sizes (ES) and confidence intervals (CI) for the outcomes using the random effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method). In total, 5 eligible meta-analyses were included in the final quantitative assessment. Data pooled from 5 eligible papers revealed that green coffee extract can reduce BW (WMD: −1.22 kg, 95% CI: −1.53 to −0.92, p < 0.001), BMI (WMD: −0.48 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.29, p < 0.001) and WC (WMD: −0.55 cm, 95% CI: −0.80 to −0.31, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses highlighted that green coffee extract supplementation in dosages ≤600 mg/day and interventions lasting >7 wk are more likely to decrease BW. The present umbrella meta-analysis confirms the beneficial effects of green coffee extract in reducing WC, BMI, and BW. Thus, we may infer that green coffee extract can be used as a complementary therapy in the management of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) was confirmed as a novel inflammatory marker and strongly associated with the risk of several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MHR and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a Chinese adult population. In this cross-sectional study, 232,775 community-dwelling adults in Binhai who completed health checkups in 2021 were enrolled. Participants were categorized based on the MHR quartiles. Clinical characteristics of participants across different groups were compared using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis h-test, and Chi-squared test as appropriate. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were taken to assess the relationship between MHR and the presence of CKD, as well as its association with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria. Subgroup analyses were further executed to confirm the reliability of this relationship. A total of 21,014 (9.0%) individuals were diagnosed with CKD. Characteristic indicators including waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), serum uric acid (SUA), triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) showed a gradual increase with higher MHR quartiles, whereas parameters such as age, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and eGFR decreased (p <.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, we observed independent associations between MHR (per 1 SD increase) and CKD, as well as low eGFR and proteinuria, with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of 1.206 (1.186–1.225), 1.289 (1.260–1.319), and 1.150 (1.129–1.171), respectively (p <.001). Similar conclusions were confirmed in subgroup analysis stratified by gender, age, BMI, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, after justification for confounding factors. Elevated MHR level was independently associated with the presence of CKD, suggesting that it might serve as a useful clinical tool for risk stratification, offering valuable insights to inform preventive and therapeutic approaches for clinicians in their routine medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]