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The aim of this study was to compare the transfer of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) from napkins into cold water extract (CWE) with transfer into four different food matrices. An HPLCMS/MS multi-analyte method for quantification of 26 PAAs in CWE was validated and applied. In addition, the method was validated for seven different PAAs in four different food matrices (cucumber, rice, pickled gherkin and butter cookie) representing wet, dry, acidic and fatty food. The CWEs of 12 coloured napkin samples were analysed, and 3 napkins released more than 0.01 mg kg-1 PAAs into the CWE. These three napkins were chosen for transfer testing with food samples. In total, seven different PAAs were quantified in the food samples. Results show that the transfer of the tested PAAs into the CWE is in most cases comparable to the transfer into the tested food samples. In some cases, the CWE overestimates transfer into food, except for the transfer of aniline into pickled gherkin, where the CWE underestimates transfer. Therefore, the CWE serves as an adequate and certainly not overestimating simulation of reality for the tested transfer of PAAs into the food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, the author explores what educationalists can learn from studying The Paper Chase. The rise and decline of the Socratic method and the importance of the hidden curriculum are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and illustrates an innovative technique for compensation of small losses to East Asian lacquer and inlaid mother-of-pearl decoration using paper fills painted and glazedin situ. The procedure involves tracing the loss on Mylar®polyester sheet, cutting Japanese tissue paper to the size and shape of the loss, and adhering the paper fill to the surface. The paper fill is then paintedin situto integrate it with the surrounding surface decoration and glazed with a transparent medium, which is cured under silicone-coated Mylar®to match the planarity and gloss of the surrounding surface. This basic procedure can be adapted to suit the needs and solvent sensitivities of individual objects. The technique offers the ability to preserve or adjust old fills and to match an irregular surface or surface decoration. It is easily reversible and gives the final surface a semi-translucent appearance. Moderate surface stability and solvent resistance in the surrounding lacquer are necessary for the technique. The case studies presented in this paper demonstrate that the technique yields good results and is a useful addition to the arsenal of options for lacquer compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A systematic experimental study applying nanosecond laser pulses with 532 nm radiation to a specially selected set of historical paper samples exhibiting a broad range of composition and origin was undertaken to develop a quantitative irradiation dose model. This allows the optimisation of laser pulse number and fluence in order to maximise cleaning efficiency while excluding substrate modifications such as yellowing or destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing need for accessible methods to monitor soil health. Our primary objective was to evaluate an accessible, do-it-yourself method for measuring the maximum water holding capacity – we call this the funnel, filter paper, and drainage (MWHCFFPD) method. First, we compared MWHCFFPD to the water desorption method via pressure cells (WHCPC), routinely used for generating soil water retention curves, using 10 soils from a wide range of textures (4–55% clay). Second, we tested the sensitivity of the MWHCFFPD to methodological variations likely encountered by citizen scientists. The two methods were quite comparable in precision, with mean coefficient of variances of 3.5% and 4.4% for the FFPD and water desorption method, respectively. The MWHCFFPD and WHCPC methods were comparable, with MWHCFFPD best correlating to WHCPC at −2.45 kPa (R2 = 0.98). The MWHCFFPD method is somewhat sensitive to some methodological modifications, most notably variation in water source, but with standardized protocols could be scientifically robust. Overall, MWHCFFPD can be used as a simple and affordable test of sieved soil structure and organic matter, and thus has potential to expand soil health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against nurses is a disturbing trend in healthcare that has reached epidemic proportions globally. These violent incidents can result in physical and psychological injury, exacerbating already elevated levels of stress and burnout among nurses, further contributing to absenteeism, turnover, and intent to leave the profession. To ensure the physical and mental well-being of nurses and patients, attention to the development of strategies to reduce violence against nurses must be a priority. Caring knowledge—rooted in the philosophy of care—is a potential strategy for mitigating violence against nurses in healthcare settings. We present what caring knowledge is, analyze its barriers to implementation at the health system and education levels and explore potential solutions to navigate those barriers. We conclude how the application of models of caring knowledge to the nurse-patient relationship has the potential to generate improved patient safety and increased satisfaction for both nurses and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a gap in research on how best to support exercise in moderate to severe MS. The objective of this study is to share perspectives of people living with MS and physiotherapists on their experiences in a randomized clinical trial of online physiotherapy vs. an active comparator. Semi-structured exit interviews were conducted with volunteer participants from the online and comparator arms of the trial, and focus groups were held with study physiotherapists. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Perspectives from participants with MS yielded three themes: usability of their program, utility of their program, and motivation to participate. Visual and dexterity impairments limited the usability of the online program. Having an opportunity "to be pushed" was valued by participants in both trial arms. Motivation to exercise was variable, and participants desired periodic face-to-face contact with their physiotherapists. Perspectives from trial physiotherapists yielded similar and complementary findings concerning usability and utility. Participants with MS and physiotherapists found the online physiotherapy platform useful for supporting exercise, yet they identified some limitations. As the appeal of online platforms has increased since the pandemic, it will be important to consider the needs of people with moderate to severe MS. NCT03039400. People with moderate-to-severe MS and physiotherapists involved in a clinical trial found online physiotherapy useful for supporting exercise. Physiotherapists and participants using the online program desired improved platform accommodations for people living with MS with visual and dexterity impairments. Physiotherapists and people living with MS from both the online exercise program and comparator groups perceived a need for more face-to-face contact and opportunities to build therapeutic alliance. Perspectives from prescribing physiotherapists and people living with MS about supporting exercise online may have practice implications during and post-pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Freud remarked in his letter to Einstein, "so long as there exist countries and nations that are prepared for the ruthless destruction of others, those others must be armed for war" (Freud [7], p.213). Referring to Freud's essay "Thoughts for the times on war and death" (Freud, [5]), Bell describes the translation of "Enttäuschung" as "disillusionment." I greatly appreciate David Bell's recent article; it is full of good points and typically deeply insightful. [Extracted from the article]

The controversies that characterize the history of the Stalin period are many, multifaceted, and quite complex. Finally, Ryan asks whether or not a rehabilitation of Stalin and Stalinism is occurring in Putin's Russian Federation. Revisioning Stalin and Stalinism: Complexities, Contradictions, and Controversies: edited by James Ryan and Susan Grant, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2021, xiii + 250 pp., £81.11 (cloth), £26.00 (paper). [Extracted from the article]

Since its launch, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the China-led economic and cultural development strategy, captured impressive media and scholarly attention and critiques. CHINA'S ASIAN DREAM: Empire Building along the New Silk RoadGEOCULTURAL POWER: China's Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the Twenty-First Century: By Tom Miller. Miller connects the China's "Go-West" policy with the rise of infrastructure financing as a key component of the international donor community where China is taking the lead. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the integration of the works of Asian artists Tan Zi Xi, Hideaki Shibata and Cai Lun, into a multicultural curriculum to allow for a student-centered instruction. Topics covered include how the work of these artists allows educators to highlight garbage and pollution as a social issue, the value of student exploration of their relationship to the environment, and the significance of exposing students to multicultural pedagogy.

Paper-based works of art and documents of cultural importance kept in museums and libraries can show notorious signs of deterioration, including foxing stains, caused by fungal colonization. Some of the main chromophore agents of fungal origin that deteriorate paper and therefore affect paper cultural heritage both aesthetically and structurally are the group of pigments called melanins. Thus, knowledge of the diversity and features of fungal melanins and of the melanization pathways of fungi growing on paper is key to removing these pigments from paper-based works of cultural importance. This review provides an approach about the current knowledge of melanins synthesized by paper-colonizing fungi, their localization in the fungal structures, and their role in the deterioration of paper. This knowledge might contribute to developing new, effective, and sustainable strategies of restoration and conservation of historical documents and works of art based on paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are widely used in the food industry for applications such as printing inks, additives, adhesives, and processing aids for food additives. Recently, the migration of MOH from food contact paper and board into foods has raised public health concerns. In this study, a total of 110 food contact paper and board samples, including baking and cooking paper (23), baking cups (28), food packaging bags (22), lunch boxes (8), party plates (26), and straws (3) were evaluated to quantify the content and short-term migration levels of MOH. The MOH were separated into mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH)/polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) via a validated on-line liquid chromatography−gas chromatography−flame ionisation detection (LC–GC–FID) technique. The coating materials of the sample products comprised polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and silicone. The effects of the coating materials on the content and migration of MOH/POSH were evaluated. Quantitative analysis of the MOH in the samples showed that the MOSH/POSH and MOAH content varied widely, ranging from 16 to 5626 mg kg−1 for MOH, regardless of the coating materials. Short-term migration of MOSH/POSH was observed only in samples with polyolefinic coatings, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, in experiments conducted at 25 °C for 10 min, although the extent of MOAH migration for all samples was at the trace level. The migration of MOSH/POSH was detected within the range of 0.93 to 62.3 μg L−1 in 22 samples, and the migration of MOAH was detected within the range of 0.80 to 2.6 μg L−1 in only 4 samples. These results demonstrate that although the short-term migration potential of MOH is generally negligible, the migration of MOSH/POSH into wet fatty foods can be accelerated by polyolefinic coatings, even within a very short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global demand for paper-based products continues to increase amidst challenges with raw material supply to the pulp industries. Considerable efforts to discover new wood resources from tropical forests to widen the material stock are ongoing. This study examined the suitability of the outer and inner wood fibres from different axial sections (i.e., butt, middle and top) of Chrysophyllum albidum from a moist semi-deciduous forest in Ghana for paper production. The fibre morphology and derived indices [i.e., Runkel Ratio, Slenderness Ratio, Flexibility Coefficient, Coefficient of Rigidity, Luce's Shape Factor and Solids Factor] were determined using the methods by the International Association of Wood Anatomist. C. albidum inner and outer wood fibres were generally long and thin with wide lumen. The fibre-derived indices were similar to those of many popular paper-producing timbers such as Acacia mangium and Pinus sylvestris. The fibre morphology and derived indices of C. albidum meet the recommended thresholds for fibres for manufacturing writing and printing papers with good tearing and bursting strength properties. Thus, the wood's fibres would be suitable for producing papers with good strength properties. Its utilization will contribute to expanding the raw material sources for the pulp and paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber, gas permeability, Agave leaf, natural film, Mexican traditional film, Mexican gastronomy Keywords: Agave leaf; natural film; natural fiber; gas permeability; Mexican traditional film; Mexican gastronomy EN Agave leaf natural film natural fiber gas permeability Mexican traditional film Mexican gastronomy 6902 6908 7 11/17/22 20221215 NES 221215 Introduction Agave is one of the most important natural resources in Mexico in economic, social, and agro-ecological terms, it is a crop used mainly for the production of alcoholic beverages. The mixiote leaf also known as I mixiote paper i is the epidermis of the agave leaf, this is carefully separated from the plant to obtain a translucent and thin membrane. [Extracted from the article]

Axel Sommerfelt's paper for the symposium organized by Fredrik Barth ahead of the publication of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries is given a broader readership in this issue. This biography provides some background to the perspectival differences between Axel Sommerfelt and Barth, that revolve around issues of political inequality, experience and historicity. Axel Sommerfelt shared Barth's anti-essentialist view on ethnicity, but did not fully embrace the instrumentalist underpinnings of Barth's perspective. He was theoretically influenced by the Manchester school, and directed attention to political domination from the point of view of the dominated, a focus that grew out of his ethnography from Ruwenzori in Uganda. Judicial institutions constituted an important arena for the negotiation of ethnic boundaries, and specifically, Toro-Konzo relations were partly shaped in judicial contexts that Toro controlled, under British protectorate supervision. His interest in resistance was also influenced by his upbringing in Norway during Nazi occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article collected papers published by Chinese archaeologists in Chinese and World core journals (CCJs and WCJs for short) in the past century. Based on bibliometric analysis, the general characteristics and trends of Chinese archaeology were summarized. In a macroscopic perspective, historiography-rooted archaeology focusing on historical periods and central areas of China and preferring traditional archaeological methods (mainly a culture-historical paradigm) will continue to occupy a leading position in China. Simultaneously, interdisciplinary research and internationalisation will likely continue to develop and diversify Chinese archaeology, though the speed is unknown due to the impact of the pandemic. In comparison, more attention needs to be paid to theoretical research and to publishing more results of historical archaeology in WCJs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half a century has passed since Robert Lucas got his paper on expectations and the neutrality of money published in the Journal of Economic Theory. That article is widely considered as pathbreaking, starting a movement that changed the professional standards of doing macroeconomics. It arguably also affected the perception, if not the conduct of monetary policy and other stabilisation policies. This roundtable discussion collects comments from a panel of experts in a combination of prominent macroeconomists who have gathered ample experience of work in central banks and other authorities, and historians of economic thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictors of student academic success do not always replicate well across different learning designs, subject areas, or educational institutions. This suggests that characteristics of a particular discipline and learning design have to be carefully considered when creating predictive models in order to scale up learning analytics. This study aimed to examine if and to what extent frequently used predictors of study success are portable across a homogenous set of courses. The research was conducted in an integrated blended problem-based curriculum with trace data (n = 2,385 students) from 50 different course offerings across four academic years. We applied the statistical method of single paper meta-analysis to combine correlations of several indicators with students' success. Total activity and the forum indicators exhibited the highest prediction intervals, where the former represented proxies of the overall engagement with online tasks, and the latter with online collaborative learning activities. Indicators of lecture reading (frequency of lecture view) showed statistically insignificant prediction intervals and, therefore, are less likely to be portable across course offerings. The findings show moderate amounts of variability both within iterations of the same course and across courses. The results suggest that the use of the meta-analytic statistical method for the examination of study success indicators across courses with similar learning design and subject area can offer valuable quantitative means for the identification of predictors that reasonably well replicate and consequently can be reliably portable in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bob Dylan at 80: It used to go like that, and now it goes like this: edited by Gary Browning and Constantine Sandis, Exeter, Imprint Academic, 2021, 260 pp., £14.95 (paper) In this fine collection, I Bob Dylan at 80 i , Gary Browning and Constantine Sandis have curated a book which is Janus-faced. I Dylan at 80 i is a remarkable achievement that provides a genuine sense of Dylan's deep creative well, by offering glimpses into the many elements of the cultural archive Dylan has been assembling over the past 60 years. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this paper is to provide discourse regarding awareness of institutional racism, from a non-Indigenous, Australian nursing student's perspective. The discussion has a focus on the presence of institutional racism in the Australian healthcare system, its impact on the health of First Nation Peoples and a commitment to ensuring culturally safe practice. It will be argued that institutional racism is pervasive in healthcare as a consequence of three factors: exclusion of First Nations Peoples from governance roles, inherent racism impacting on socio-cultural treatment bias, and institutional racism influencing key relationships in healthcare delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper drying is a highly energy-intensive and complicated multivariate process. The dryer section plays an important role in the energy consumption of a paper machine, especially of thermal energy. A comprehensive method for assessing the energy performance of the dryer section was investigated in this study to improve energy efficiency. This method was divided into three component processes: energy and evaporation load audit, field test and observation, and energy flow analysis and energy efficiency estimation. In a case study, we found that the method could, in addition to analyzing the key factors that restrict drying efficiency, also depict the details of energy consumption clearly. At the same time, several significant energy-saving measures were suggested to improve the energy efficiency of the paper-drying process. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this research, we characterized and discriminated 24 different kinds of writing/printing papers that may or may not have similar compositions by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). All paper samples were obtained from the local market in and around Chandigarh (Northwest India). Large differences were observed in the estimation of the kinetic parameters of cellulose and hemicellulose. The calculated percentage weight loss and activation energy for Reaction I and II was further used to determine the thermal stability of each sample. Although few differences were observed on visual examination of the samples, significant differences were obtained on the basis of their kinetic parameters. Multivariate analysis was further applied to the results and considerable enhancement of the results was observed. The current study provides 99.28% discrimination among all the possible pairs of paper samples. The technique is cost-effective, involves no sample preparation, consumes less time and provides reproducible results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the development of functional honeycomb plates (FHPs) and efficient resource utilization of straw, based on the measurement of the equivalent thermal conductivity (λE) of paper honeycomb plates (HPs) and FHPs, including straw-core paper honeycomb plates (SHPs), under cold-left and hot-right conditions, the influence mechanism of the system geometry parameters on the convective heat transfer of HPs and the heat insulation performance of FHPs by fillers are discussed. The results are as follows. 1) Compared with the case of hot-above and cold-below conditions, the convective heat transfer ratio of HP increases substantially under cold-left and hot-right conditions. 2) The main heat transfer modes of the FHPs are radiative heat transfer between the wall (including the panel and side) and filling material and solid heat conduction in the filling material, supplemented by a small amount of heat conduction through air or local convection heat transfer in the void. 3) The higher the temperature is, the greater the FHP equivalent thermal conductivity, with little influence from the heat transfer direction. 4) It is relatively conservative to use the heat transfer effect of HPs and FHPs to evaluate that of beetle elytron plates (BEPs) and functional beetle elytron plates (FBEPs). This study lays a foundation for the application of multifunctional BEPs and HPs in building envelopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key challenges in assessing cognitive performance is to detect not only apparent impairment but to also pick up on subtle differences. Computerized tests benefit especially from the acquisition of fine-grained outcome measures. However, the equivalency of paper-based and computerized tests cannot be assumed. The Trail-Making-Test is a paper-pencil cognitive assessment tool (ppTMT) that has been used in many research studies to evaluate visuomotor abilities and mental flexibility. A digital version of the extended TMT (including a condition measuring fine motor speed) called the dTMT has been developed. This study aims to test (1) reliability, (2) equivalence, and (3) agreement of the ppTMT and dTMT. A total of 53 healthy individuals aged 19 to 82 years of age (22 men, 31 women; mean age 42.2, SD = 22.8) completed three trials per ppTMT and dTMT condition. Part M involves following a predefined path, Part A links numbers randomly distributed in space, in ascending order, and Part B alternates between linking numbers and letters. dTMT scores were highly reproducible, correlated strongly with paper-pencil administered durations, and discriminated young from older adults. Measures of reliability, sensitivity, and clinical meaning for dTMT scores were favorable compared with ppTMT-based testing. Our findings support the comparability of TMT-indices in computerized assessments. While many digital biomarker efforts are in progress (e.g., neurodegenerative disorders), the dTMT sets itself apart through its high sensitivity, the alternate forms, and the additional component measures. In this light, it could serve as a starting point for an early diagnostic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates 'newspaper reading groups' (dubaozu) in the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1951–1955, and how these groups reflected the daily practice, possibilities, and limits of a particular news culture in China under high socialism. As local newspaper reading group leaders translated national and provincial news into locally intelligible form, they were encouraged to combat boredom among audiences by choosing sensational news stories and transmitting this news in an entertaining fashion, adding music, song, and storytelling methods to embellish the 'dead' text of the newspaper at hand. By researching the particular methods of the newspaper reading group, this paper revisits the role of emotion in creating political meaning among audiences in what has been deemed one of the most propaganda-oriented societies of the twentieth century, encouraging a reassessment of how propaganda systems function not only in Chinese contexts but also among low-literacy communities the world over. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalonia is experiencing a significant wave of innovation in its schools. After decades of little change, since 2015 there has been a systemic surge of innovation in education that includes hundreds of primary and secondary schools. Almost at the same time, in 2015, the Catalan government enacted a new inclusive school framework based on the Salamanca Statement and subsequent developments (Ainscow, Booth, Slee, Stainback or Pujolàs, among others). This position paper analyses exploratory what is occurring in schools regarding the intersectionality between innovation and inclusion. The preliminary results show that, inclusion often competes and clashes with innovation in concrete school perspectives and practices. Our appraisal is that some schools tend to prioritise innovative practices over inclusive ones and present them as a 'school brand' in order to compete for white middle-class families. At the same time, some (head) teachers avoid implementing inclusive practices because they feel they are related to having more Special Educational Needs (SEN) students and a more complex and less 'competitive' school. The paper concludes by critiquing the setback to inclusive practices due to intersectionality with innovation, and by outlining some recommendations to generate positive synergies between the movements of innovation and inclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archives are not straightforward repositories of history. Instead, they authorize which stories are remembered. In this article we apply the insights of cultural geographers and other influential scholars of archives to analyze the political dimensions of archiving activist histories. A small group of antiprison activists produced a personal archive during the 1990s and 2000s documenting brutality behind bars and efforts to dismantle solitary confinement in California prisons. After being deemed too dangerous to be opened to the public by university archivists, and without a permanent home, the papers were at risk of being lost to history. By presenting our work building this archive, we analyze the limitations of institutional libraries and the vital role played by individuals and independent institutions willing to preserve dangerous papers, and we show how preserving histories of state violence and opposition can become a deeply personal and risky endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alwyn Lishman was interested in how memory research could be applied to clinical psychiatry. After a brief review of his major contributions, this paper will focus on his research on the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. It will consider how his findings relate to contemporary debates, particularly on how the syndrome should be defined, and its relationship to broader alcohol-induced cognitive impairments. A review of the contribution of Alwyn Lishman, Robin Jacobson and colleagues to our knowledge of Korsakoff's syndrome, together with a review of the pertinent recent literature. Lishman and colleagues followed earlier authors in defining the Korsakoff syndrome in terms of disproportionate memory impairment, but they also noted a variable degree of IQ, frontal-executive, and timed visuo-spatial impairment in their cases. More recent authors have included such features in their definitions of the syndrome. Lishman also argued for a specific "alcoholic dementia". The present paper argues that recent definitions of the Korsakoff syndrome confound its core and associated features, and also fail to recognise the multifactorial basis of alcohol-related brain damage. Korsakoff's syndrome is best defined in terms of disproportionate memory impairment, and more widespread cognitive impairment is best encompassed within "alcohol-related brain damage". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alwyn Lishman appreciated that if we are to understand the psychological consequences of cerebral disorder we must study the interaction between organic disease and psychological processes. We have reviewed Lishman's two major publications on the neuropsychiatry of head injury, published in 1968 and 1988, and considered their conclusions in the light of current knowledge. In his 1968 paper on the psychiatric sequelae of open head injuries sustained in World War II Lishman demonstrated associations between the type of psychiatric sequelae and the location of the injury. He also found that those with "somatic complaints", such as fatigue or sensitivity to light, showed less evidence of organic injury. In his 1988 paper, he attempted to explain why a mild head injury may be followed by long-lasting symptoms. He suggested that in the absence of complications early, organic, symptoms (physiogenesis) should recover quickly. However, this healthy recovery could be jeopardised by psychological factors (psychogenesis), resulting in long-lasting symptoms. This model of physiogenesis and psychogenesis remains relevant today. The ideas Lishman developed in these two papers were the basis for his huge contribution to the field of neuropsychiatry, and remain relevant today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Nazi Germany (1933–45), reclaiming waste became an intrinsic component of the regime's economy as well as its ideological, racial, and expansionist ambitions. National Socialist interventions into waste streams began in 1934 with salvage campaigns. The state then brought urban waste policies and municipal waste services under its control, restructuring and 'Aryanising' the waste salvage trade. Moreover, both consumers and producers were prompted to collect and reprocess waste. Over time, the gradual expansion of the Nazi waste recovery policies and campaigns – here referred to as the 'Nazi waste exploitation regime' – brought forth a determined vision of a circular economy in which no waste whatsoever should escape its reclamation for the national community or Volksgemeinschaft. This article sketches the actors, structures, and objectives of this waste exploitation regime for the case of rags and paper and uncovers its entanglement with Nazi racist and genocidal ideology and expansionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial Chinese ink was employed to disperse pristine vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in aqueous suspensions via horizontal ball milling. The obtained suspension was used to fabricate conductive paper-based composites through filtration-deposition onto filter paper. It was found that the carbon black particles from the Chinese ink helped separate VGCNFs and acted as connection points between the VGCNFs, while the glue reinforced the conduction network. Thus, the VGCNF-ink/paper ternary composite showed sufficiently low sheet resistance. With merely 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs, the sheet resistance could be reduced to 4.5 Ω·sq−1. As a proof of concept, these paper-based composites were directly used as electrodes of solid-state symmetric electronic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and the substrate for the electrodeposition of MnO2 to achieve higher electrochemical performances. The EDLCs fabricated with 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs showed a specific capacitance of 224 mF·cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm−2, which was retained by 86.4% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Moreover, thanks to the high electrical conductivity and the porous structure, the MnO2 decorated paper-based composites exhibited dramatically enhanced specific capacitance. It is believed that our finding offers an idea to directly utilize commercial Chinese ink for the fabrication of electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While novice writers are often expected to lucidly demonstrate the order in which different components of their reports are arranged, it is not clear as to whether such outlines are sufficiently prevalent in some social sciences. Neither are we certain about the range of structure- related language resources that can be introduced to novice writers. Based on an in-depth textual analysis and specialist informants' inputs, this study ascertained the prevalence of structural outlines, reasons for using or avoiding them, and the linguistic resources needed to present them in high impact journals in two social science disciplines, namely ethnic studies (ES) and industrial relations (IR). It was found that the majority of the ES researchers avoid structural outlines, but most of the IR researchers incorporate them for reasons associated with the research methodologies chosen. While ES researchers prefer to use locative adverbials and different tenses, IR researchers tend to employ passive structures in structural outlines. Expert writers in both disciplines, however, rely on the use of nominalisations denoting discourse categories and personal pronouns in combination with communication, accomplishment and activity verbs. Recommendations are provided on how instructors can prepare relevant teaching materials to raise students' consciousness of the prevalent lexico-grammatical choices needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton and oil-based fibre consumption is highly problematic because the growth of these materials often requires fertilisers and toxic pesticides. Less environmentally damaging alternative fibres are urgently required. This study investigates Manila-hemp paper-yarn textile fabrics. Manila-hemp (abacá) is a species of banana grown as a commercial crop in the Philippines, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. Knitted structures of paper, cotton, viscose, and polyester yarns are tested and compared. Tensile strength tests are also performed. Paper yarn shows low shrinkage and no pilling, which are excellent characteristics for use in the textile and clothing industries. However, its poor handleability/knittability, high stiffness, and hard grip must be resolved for the widespread application of paper yarn in the textile industry in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the advancement of technologies and tools used to design and display building elements in construction, design communication on construction sites still heavily relies on 2-dimensional drawings. Paper-based floor plans often reference other paper drawings to deliver design intent to construction site crews. This complicated process sometimes results in the poor transfer of design intent between the designers and construction crews, which can cause quality, safety, and productivity issues in construction sites. How can the process of access to information in 2D drawings be improved to reduce the need to reference different sheets? This study responds to this question by implementing an AR workflow that provides more straightforward access from paper-based floor plans to digital design information without the need to refer to other sheets. In this paper, the current process of viewing and accessing information using 2D drawings was investigated. Then an AR workflow was created to facilitate access to the design information. Finally a case study was used to test the AR workflow against the conventional method of using 2D drawings, considering variables such as time, error, and user preference. The results showed that the AR workflow is more favorable and could improve time and reduce errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mending tears in translucent papers is a challenging task that requires mending materials with specific mechanical and optical properties. Recently, translucent films from microfibrillated cellulose have been suggested as an attractive alternative to traditional repair materials. We prepared custom films from a commercial microfibrillated cellulose suspension and compared their mechanical and optical properties as mending supports with commercially manufactured microfibrillated cellulose films and Japanese tissue. Tear mending of modern and historic translucent paper samples using the custom-made films and Klucel G or isinglass as adhesives showed satisfactory strength and resilience, and accelerated ageing tests yielded acceptable visual results. A case study on a translucent paper document from the collection of The National Archives, UK, is detailed. We conclude that custom-made tear mending materials from commercially available microfibrillated cellulose suspensions present a cost-effective and attractive approach for the mending of translucent papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Civic Freedom in an Age of Diversity: The Public Philosophy of James Tully" is a book edited by Dimitrios Karmis and Jocelyn Maclure that explores the work of political philosopher James Tully. The book is structured into six sections and includes 19 chapters that cover topics such as Tully's philosophy in relation to John Rawls, feminist philosophy, civil disobedience, global governance, Indigenous views and concerns, federalism, and thinking and acting differently. The book also includes Tully's responses to each chapter, providing a comprehensive and engaging dialogue. Overall, this collection of essays serves as an excellent introduction to the work of James Tully. [Extracted from the article]

"Sustainability Matters: Prospects for a Just Transition in Calgary, Canada's Petro-City" is a book by Noel Keough and Geoff Ghitter that explores various issues related to sustainability in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The authors cover topics such as urban planning, transportation, energy, equity, diversity, and governance. The book argues that Calgary's growth and development have been driven by land developers and business interests, resulting in a large ecological footprint and an unsustainable city. The authors propose solutions and draw on examples from other cities to increase sustainability in Calgary. However, the book lacks discussion on how to build political support for these proposals and appeal to a broader range of political values. [Extracted from the article]

"Northern Gateway": Film, Tourism, and the Canadian Vacation by Dominique Brégent-Heald is a comprehensive study of the use of film to promote Canada as a tourist destination. The book explores the history of Canadian government agencies using film to attract American tourists, a topic that has been overlooked by historians. The author examines a wide range of films, from government-sponsored productions to amateur films, and covers the period from the 1890s to the 1950s. While the study does not provide a comparative analysis with other countries, it convincingly demonstrates the early adoption of film as a tourism promotion tool in Canada. The book also highlights the role of key individuals and their networking efforts in shaping the industry. However, it leaves some aspects of tourism film history underdeveloped and raises questions about the competing interests of different levels of government and the portrayal of Canada's diverse population in tourism films. [Extracted from the article]

Adam Lowenstein's book, "Horror Film and Otherness," explores the social relevance and transformative power of horror cinema. Lowenstein argues that horror films can teach us about otherness and illuminate the ongoing evolution of social norms and identities. He challenges Robin Wood's analysis of American horror cinema, offering a more nuanced understanding of the genre's exploration of trauma, alienation, and displacement. Lowenstein engages with theorists and historians to examine the themes of aging, the body, gender, and sexuality in horror films from the 1970s to the present. While the book is comprehensive, it lacks coverage of trans people, which would further contribute to the exploration of otherness. Overall, "Horror Film and Otherness" is a landmark text that highlights the importance of horror in understanding society and the self. [Extracted from the article]

"Before the Paris Fire: Projecting the Cinematograph in London from 1889-4th May 1997" is the fourth volume in the London County Council and the Cinematograph series, although it is chronologically earlier than the other three volumes. The book provides a comprehensive guide to cinematic venues in London during this time period, with images of venues, artifacts, and important figures. The author, Tony Fletcher, presents the information without critique or analysis, allowing readers to use it for their own research. The book is organized into two parts, with appendices that include a filmography and a bibliography. It covers not only the UK but also developments in France, Germany, and the United States. The second part focuses on specific venues and their cinematograph exhibitions, while also discussing the developments in cinematography at the time. The book offers a case study of entrepreneurship in a capitalist society. While a venue index might be helpful, the raw nature of the contents allows readers to explore various topics in depth. [Extracted from the article]

"The Routledge Companion to Global Indigenous History" is a comprehensive volume edited by Ann McGrath and Lynette Russell that explores the complexities and diversity of Indigenous history across the globe. The book is organized into six themes, including global perspectives, migrations and mobilities, colonial encounters, removals and diasporas, memory and identity, and future approaches to Indigenous histories. The chapters cover a wide range of topics and regions, highlighting the shared experiences and struggles of Indigenous peoples while also recognizing their unique histories and aspirations. The collection aims to address the omission of Indigenous history from mainstream global accounts and offers valuable insights for the field of history. [Extracted from the article]

Chassica Kirchhoff, an art historian and curator, has published a book titled "The Thun-Hohenstein Album" which focuses on the study of the second volume of the Thun-Hohenstein albums. These albums consist of drawings of armours and armoured figures from the early 17th century. The book explores the origins, references, and authors of the drawings, as well as the artistic, social, and political contexts in which they were produced. Kirchhoff argues that these drawings were not just technical sketches, but rather tokens of a memorial culture that conveyed symbolic significance. The book is divided into five chapters that analyze different aspects of the album, including plate armour in Augsburg, late medieval martial arts' visual culture, and the commemorative aspect of the drawings related to tournaments. The book also examines specific drawings that celebrate the memories of Maximilian I and Charles V, as well as the Augsburger artistic and intellectual society. Overall, the book offers a unique perspective on the cultural significance of arms and armours beyond their military purposes. [Extracted from the article]

"Teaching History in America: From Students to Professors" is a collaborative anthology by 31 Chinese historians who teach in universities in the United States. The book explores their experiences teaching history and offers observations and reflections on history education, college culture, and higher education administration in the US. The authors come from diverse backgrounds and teach at universities across different regions of the country, providing a comprehensive view of history education in US universities. The book also highlights the authors' efforts to integrate Chinese culture and educational ideas into their teaching, contributing to cultural exchange between China and the US. [Extracted from the article]

In Keiser's words, "each work depicts, in a knowingly ridiculous manner, a natural philosopher digging into brain matter in the hope of exposing the mechanisms that make the mind tick" (pp. 143-144). Keiser's focus is not on how the nerves and various brain structures appear during a dissection, which is straightforward and verifiable. Locke did not partake in the kinds of fictions Willis, Cavendish, and others were promoting about the nerve spirits. [Extracted from the article]

In this chapter, she discusses the "special purpose meal", "foods of the Gods", "fast" food and mortuary meals, as different expressions of meanings attributed to food in different contexts. At the outset, Cutright discusses how anthropologists have distinguished between diet and cuisine, and how cuisine is cultural; and how culture and cuisine define what is food and what is not. [Extracted from the article]

Furthermore, very complicated multiphase and thermal processes are the corner stone in modern industry, high technology development, energy conversion and utilization, renewable and sustainable energy technologies, just to name a few here. Therefore, it is essential to develop new technology to improve energy utilization efficient, sustainable energy and low carbon/zero carbon technology to reduce carbon footprint. [Extracted from the article]