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Do the EU Recovery Plan and Green Deal (EGD) break with disciplinary neoliberalism? Eschewing binary 'yes or no' answers, this article draws on Gramsci's idea of passive revolution as 'progressive restoration' to analyse these important developments in the European political economy. It offers a balance sheet of 'progressive' and 'restorative' elements and argues that these cohere in an integral response to geopolitical pressure and legitimation problems by the 'Piedmont of Europe' – Germany's power bloc. A concluding section argues that the most significant changes engendered by these initiatives may not reside in the substance in policy but rather in how policy is carried out – in the form. It seems that it is becoming increasingly difficult to depoliticize disciplinary neoliberal governance in Europe. Future research is needed on the nature and implications of this for theory and (progressive) practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behaviour research on Cnidaria, particularly Ceriantharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa), is generally uncommon. Although ceriantharians or tube-dwelling anemones are known to build soft tubes, their tube-building behaviours remain unknown. In this study, we describe for the first time the tube-building behaviour of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis and detail its behaviour in natural habitat, including illustrations and videos of live specimens. Our results showed that C. brasiliensis can build more than one tube throughout its life, the tubes are usually 'L-shaped', longer than the polyp, and vertically oriented when built in deeper substrates, but horizontally oriented when built in shallower substrates. During tube construction, the polyp does not feed or use its tentacles to catch or select specific sediment particle sizes for tube construction. Given the vertical orientation of the tube, it is possible that the tube-building behaviour of C. brasiliensis differs from that of other species. Although this study only included a single specimen, the behaviours observed were constantly repeated by the animal in every test, from the first trial to the last, suggesting that they can occur on occasion. Furthermore, this research contains useful information that may guide future studies of tube-building behaviour in Ceriantharia which are, currently, non-existent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the status of general meanings in prepositional semantics. On the basis of a review of the strategies employed in different accounts of prepositions, the paper argues that strict adherence to the notion of general meanings is unfeasible in the field, partly because a purely deductive method of description breaks down as the number of possible oppositions increases. This failure points to the need for a theoretical reformulation of the notion. The paper suggests that there are three conservative ways to pursue such a reformulation: by rejecting the idea that general meanings are autonomous from thought, by rejecting the principle of oppositional constitution or by rejecting the requirement of monosemy. The merits and flaws of these strategies are discussed and some theoretical and methodological motives in choosing between them are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the association between experiencing food insecurity and COVID-19 diagnosis in the United States, and what sociodemographic characteristics moderate this relationship. We analyzed a national sample of adults in the United States (n = 6,475). Multiple logistic regression results revealed respondents experiencing food insecurity had an approximately 3.0 times significantly higher odds of a positive COVID-19 diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38–6.32, p < 0.01), which remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographics and COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.09–6.18, p < 0.05). Age group had a significant moderating effect (OR = 42.55, 95% CI = 3.13–579.15, p < 0.01). Results indicate experiencing food insecurity is associated with contracting COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counselors are ethically bound to facilitate counseling interventions supported by rigorous research methods. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs are considered the gold standard of credible quantitative designs in the determination of evidence-based counseling interventions. The purpose of the current article is to present rationale to promote the implementation of RCTs in the field of child and adolescent counseling and to further provide step-by-step actions that illustrate the procedures involved in conducting RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) is a critical prerequisite to assessing change over time with intensive longitudinal data (ILD). For LMI testing with ILD, we propose cross-classified factor analysis (CCFA) to detect non-invariant item parameters and alignment optimization (AO) to detect non-invariant time points as a supplement to CCFA. In addition, we use a covariate in CCFA to identify a source of non-invariance. To evaluate the proposed models under unique features of ILD, such as autoregression (AR), we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study. The results showed CCFA can be an excellent tool for ILD LMI testing regardless of simulation factors even when AR was misspecified and can identify a source of non-invariance using a covariate. AO can supplement CCFA to find non-invariant time points although AO requires a large number of persons. We provide detailed discussions and practical suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Other contributing factors were the presence of infection, coronary sinus leads, older patients, a history of valvular heart disease and right ventricular leads [[11]]. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common valvular heart disease that affects 1-3% of the general population. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries [[1]]. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse, defined as MVP in the presence of frequent or complex ventricular arrhythmia, is a rare feature (<1% per year) among MVP patients [[8]]. [Extracted from the article]

Information technology (IT) and space are sociomaterial dimensions of organizations that Human Resource Management (HRM) often take for granted, discounting how workers enact them in practice. With digital technologies rapidly changing the spaces of work, this paper proposes a framework for HRM to appreciate the role of the lived, affective experience of IT-enabled (physical and virtual) hybrid workspaces. We integrate the information systems (IS) literature on sociomaterial practices and insights on organizational space to suggest implications for HRM practice and pathways for future research on how virtual and physical spaces are related and lived in the emergence of new hybrid workplaces and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the paper is to explore countertransference in qualitative research. Specifically, through the examination of a study which explored the experiences of mental health professionals working with refugee and immigrant families with infants and young children, the paper aims to demonstrate how the monitoring of countertransference can be transformed into a useful research tool. Countertransference movements are examined on multiple levels, in the mental health worker-immigrant/refugee dyad, in the researcher-participant dyad, and at the institutional level. The importance of thinking about a whole research process in terms of the process of countertransference is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this autoethnography, BW and I explore the various ways in which my experiences of lockdown during the Coronavirus pandemic are not altogether different from my everyday experiences as a visually impaired person. Further, we make sense of my experience that, notwithstanding the social world's expression of feelings about lockdown and social distancing, my own reactions to disability-imposed lockdown remain unrecognized, invalidated and unseen. Making sense of these experiences of invisibility is essential, since it is only when our experiences are truly contemplated by others that we can have the hope of being fully known. In this paper, my co-author and I explain the various ways in which my experiences of lockdown during the Coronavirus pandemic are not altogether different from my everyday experiences as a visually impaired person; I provide examples to illustrate that there are anxiety-provoking challenges lurking outside my home; Yet, giving in to these anxieties and being confined to my home is too painful to give in to; While my everyday experiences are, too some extent, what the world is experiencing at the current moment with social distancing and lockdown, my feelings about disability-imposed lockdown remain unrecognized, invalidated and unseen; It is important to voice and make known these realities, For it is only when our experiences are truly seen—when we are completely known—that we can move towards self-acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role of regulation and reputation in the art trade. We look at attribution issues in the auction market, and in France in particular, where both regulatory and reputational mechanisms have been implemented. More specifically, we focus on the Marcus Decree—a pioneering decree that regulates the authentication process of artworks in France since 1981—and the self-regulated authentication systems developed by international top-tier auction houses. Our findings suggest that the implementation of the decree did neither significantly strengthen the market for autograph and non-autograph works, nor radically modify the landscape of attributions in France, whereas similar but stronger trends in prices and volumes are found in reputational markets (UK, US). We also attribute the moderate effects of the Marcus decree to the size and relative depth of the French art market, the concomitant globalization of the art trade and the development of technical art history, compliance mechanisms and legal compliance costs. Our results are supported by empirical evidence from a data set composed of 15th- and 16th-century Flemish paintings auctioned between 1972 and 2015 in a regulated market (FR), but also in reputational markets (UK, US, and other European countries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the biographies of David Hume, Horace Walpole's name has been memorialised as the author of a forged letter assuming the identity of the King of Prussia. However, in the letter, Walpole's scorn was directed against not only Rousseau, but also other French philosophes and, possibly, even Hume. Walpole drew a line between himself and the 'pedants and pretended philosophers', although he sometimes blurred the distinction between the two by considering an author or 'man of letters' synonymous with a 'philosopher'. Walpole broached his lifelong stricture on modern pretentious philosophers to Hume in one of his letters, just after the Concise Account was published. Walpole's thorough contempt for French philosophers appeared to Hume as a Rousseauian, anti-philosophical stance. In his reply, Hume attempted to advocate his thesis of intellectual improvement and moral cultivation. Meanwhile, in another letter written around the same time, Hume kept away from Turgot's sanguine view of human progress. The distance that Walpole maintains between himself and the philosophers—through the Hume-Rousseau affair—casts a long shadow on his evaluations of Hume and his historical works, and leads to their differing assessments of the standpoint of philosophers in the age of lumières. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay engages critically with Adrian Pabst's 'Liberal World Order and Its Critics', Christian Reus-Smit's 'On Cultural Diversity', and Hal Brands' and Charles Edel's 'The Lessons of Tragedy'. What holds these three (very different) books together is that they revolve around the theme of 'the crisis of liberal world order'. In this essay, I do not wish to dispute the claim that the liberal world order is in crisis – indeed, I accept this common starting-off point of the four authors as a fact. What distinguishes my take on the 'crisis of liberal world' order from the books under review, however, is that I develop an alternative angle on the very idea of 'crisis': By understanding crisis as an incitement to judgement, deliberation and, ultimately, political action, I excavate the constructive potential of crisis; and, through the critical engagement with the three books under review, I seek to lay bare the intimate bond that connects 'crisis', 'human diversity', and 'tragedy', and to revive the constructive potential of these themes as 'opportunities not to be wasted'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a simple model to examine conditions under which a monetary policy-making authority is tempted to 'follow the market'. In doing so, we explore the implications of increased market consensus on the practice of monetary policy and show that inefficiency in policymaking is most likely precisely when there is a very high consensus that economic fundamentals are weak or strong. In addition, our results also shed light on (i) why interest rates may not be high enough even when the central bank's information suggests a rise in asset prices may be due to a 'bubble' shock; (ii) why a central banker may be reluctant to adopt a loose monetary policy even when investors seem to be very pessimistic about the path of future output; and (iii) why, contrary to conventional models, we sometimes observe an upward revision of private sector's forecasts of inflation when the central bank tightens its monetary policy. The results have implications for the transparency of monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the meanings attributed to literature in language education by Finnish General Upper Secondary teachers of English as a Foreign Language. The study employs a phenomenological research design structured around the concepts of language education, literature and values in education. The phenomenological analysis examines five semi-structured interviews from teachers who have experience in including literature in their language education practice. The interviews were conducted both in person and over the phone and audio-recorded, transcribed and processed using qualitative data management software. The analysis showed that literature in language education was experienced as challenged, challenging, framed, a cultural phenomenon, a cultural practice, a path for cross-curricular collaboration, tool for learning and an opportunity for personal growth. The values transmitted through these meanings reflected a balancing act between acknowledging the value of literature for individuals' holistic growth and the value literature holds for language learning. The results suggest that literature in language education as a phenomenon is more than select texts and practices in a pedagogical setting. Furthermore, employing literature within the language education paradigm can narrow the gap between foreign language teaching and teaching literature, because both language education and teaching literature value the personal growth of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past century Australian historiography of war has ranged from strategy, command, battle and defence policy to the social, political, and cultural aspects of conflict. Historians themselves have mirrored this diversity. A gulf has often existed between chauvinistic popular history and the more critical scholarly research; while academic historians have been divided, between operational historians, who have eschewed theory in favour of narrative and empiricism, and social and cultural historians who have embraced successive waves of theoretical paradigms. The 'greater' historiography of the national experience of war would be enriched by a more active dialogue across these divides, as well as a deeper engagement with the economics and finance of war, and with the insights afforded by transnational history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The August 4, 2020, Beirut Port explosion killed over 200 people and left countless Lebanese injured and traumatized. To this date, the reasons behind the explosion remain unknown and the burden of this unjust act weighs heavily upon all Lebanese. Countless journalistic reports attest to the failure of official communication channels and the lack of meaningful action. None, however, delve into the role that interpersonal communication plays in instilling a sense of justice. This paper therefore investigates how interpersonal communication, specifically through people's participation in communal communicative initiatives, may subvert the unjust official discourse and introduce a positive change in individual and communal lives. It posits that interpersonal communication may create a sense of justice not just between individuals in distinct interactions but at a societal level. It proposes basic tenants defining an interpersonally situated sense of justice and expands the significance of interpersonal communication in social justice studies providing it with a plausible structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical realism, championed by its proponents as the most promising post-positivist social science paradigm, has gained significant influence in the last few decades. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the critical realism movement in the hope of facilitating more fruitful dialogues between its proponents and rivalling schools of sociologists. Two concerns are raised about contemporary critical realism. First, critical realism is not the only philosophical school against positivism and not necessarily the best. Second, critical realists exaggerate the importance of critical realism to social science and conflate philosophy of science with sociological theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Large international comparisons describing the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 are limited. The aim of the study was to perform a large-scale descriptive characterization of COVID-19 patients with asthma. Methods: We included nine databases contributing data from January to June 2020 from the US, South Korea (KR), Spain, UK and the Netherlands. We defined two cohorts of COVID-19 patients ('diagnosed' and 'hospitalized') based on COVID-19 disease codes. We followed patients from COVID-19 index date to 30 days or death. We performed descriptive analysis and reported the frequency of characteristics and outcomes in people with asthma defined by codes and prescriptions. Results: The diagnosed and hospitalized cohorts contained 666,933 and 159,552 COVID-19 patients respectively. Exacerbation in people with asthma was recorded in 1.6–8.6% of patients at presentation. Asthma prevalence ranged from 6.2% (95% CI 5.7–6.8) to 18.5% (95% CI 18.2–18.8) in the diagnosed cohort and 5.2% (95% CI 4.0–6.8) to 20.5% (95% CI 18.6–22.6) in the hospitalized cohort. Asthma patients with COVID-19 had high prevalence of comorbidity including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Mortality ranged from 2.1% (95% CI 1.8–2.4) to 16.9% (95% CI 13.8–20.5) and similar or lower compared to COVID-19 patients without asthma. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 15–30% of hospitalized COVID-19 asthma patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma among COVID-19 patients varies internationally. Asthma patients with COVID-19 have high comorbidity. The prevalence of asthma exacerbation at presentation was low. Whilst mortality was similar among COVID-19 patients with and without asthma, this could be confounded by differences in clinical characteristics. Further research could help identify high-risk asthma patients. KEY MESSAGES Asthma prevalence in COVID-19 patients varied internationally (5.2–20.5%).The prevalence of asthma exacerbation at presentation with COVID-19 in diagnosed and hospitalized patients was low.Comorbidities were common in COVID-19 patients with asthma. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.2025392. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcome of balloon-based atherosclerosis thermoplasty is closely related to the temperature/stress distribution during the treatment. For precise prediction of a required thermal lesion in the heterogeneous and thin atherosclerotic vessel, a numerical model incorporating heat-induced tissue expansion or shrinkage and the strain caused by balloon dilation is necessary. A fully coupled thermal-electrical-structural new model was established. The model features a heterogeneous structure including eccentric plaque, healthy artery and surrounding tissue. Tissue expansion/shrinkage and hyperelasticity material model were taken into consideration. Different heating strategies and plaque mechanical properties were investigated. The temperature distribution was compared with the traditional thermal-electrical coupled model. The possibility of thermoplasty treatment using balloons with different sizes was also explored. The temperature, the electrical intensity and the stress during the thermoplasty were obtained. Lower stress was found in the heating region where tissue shrinkage occurred. The ablation depth was predicted to be ∼0.42 mm larger without coupling the biomechanical influence. The mechanical properties and input condition significantly affect the temperature and stress distribution considering the small dimensions of the tissue. Besides, with a 12.5% reduction of balloon diameter, the largest Von Mises stress decreases by 25.4%. It is confirmed that a coupled thermal-electrical-structural model is needed for precise temperature prediction in the balloon-based thermoplasty of the heterogeneous and thin tissue. The model presented may help with future development of optimized treatment planning considering both ablation depth and minimum stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After the Civil War, the Bolshevik government planned to mobilize the Soviet population on a voluntary basis and installed opportunities for local self-administration. Rural soviets were the most promising initiative. National minorities received particular attention. Western Soviet Ukraine with its Polish communities provides case studies for the practical impact of these 'affirmative action' policies. This article explores three configurations of Polish minority institutions: (a) neighbouring rural soviets close to an urban centre, (b) neighbouring rural soviets far from any urban centre and (c) isolated rural soviets far from any larger urban centre. Whereas small and poor Polish rural soviets could not function properly, bigger and financially better-equipped ones could improve their communal life by well-equipped community centres and minority schools. Yet despite the affirmative action propaganda, the state and party institutions drained the local self-administration of their financial surplus. With a few exceptions, they did not plan to invest sparse state funds into the development of a particular Soviet Polish culture. This lack of financial commitment combined with the Polish communities' resilience against atheist initiatives from above led the communist organizations within the rural soviets such as KNW, Komsomol, and the Pioneers to complete failure. The subsequent disappointment within the party paved the way for ideas of forced collectivization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality assurance in higher education has become a global activity. In the European Higher Education Area, cross-border quality assurance has been heavily encouraged by the European Commission. Behind this, lies the belief that encouraging competition among quality assurance bodies and introducing a liberal 'market' logic into the sector would result in a better overall quality of higher education. However, some critical voices have pinpointed possible risks of this practice. This calls for a better understanding of the actual implications of cross-border quality assurance. Using a purposely chosen case study, this article reflects on the risks and benefits of cross-border quality assurance in Europe. The case study involves the accreditation in the engineering sector in Belgium by a French accreditation agency, in partnership with a Belgian agency. Benefits and challenges of cross-border quality assurance are identified, as well as several key lessons for quality assurance bodies involved in this type of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Terrae Incognitae is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article argues that the literary references of the description of the teeth of the enormous whale that swallows the travellers in Lucian's Verae Historiae I 30 are in Homer's poetry, more specifically in the episode of the battle before the Achaean wall in Iliad 12 and in Penelope's account about the gates that dreams come through in Odyssey 19. The lexical, narrative, and thematic features that inform the connection are assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methods are used to recover compounds from these residues. Among them, ultrasound extraction has gained prominence due to its cellular disruption power. This work aimed to verify the action of ultrasound in increasing the yield of protein hydrolysate extraction from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by-products. Proximal composition, hydrolysis degree, total content of carotenoids, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power) of the obtained hydrolysate was determined. The study found that the use of ultrasound concentrated more carotenoids, containing high antioxidant activity, increased the degree of hydrolysis, and accelerated the hydrolytic reaction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes two works by Claudio Magris published in dialogue with two Nobel Prize laureates: Letteratura e ideologia [Literature and ideology] (2012) with Gao Xingjian, and La letteratura è la mia vendetta [Literature is my revenge] (2012) with Mario Vargas Llosa. These transnational and transcultural dialogues on writing practices can be understood as paradigm shifts on at least two levels: Magris's European perspective of border poetics expands into a global perspective; and this leads to a decolonization of the concept of irrationality, which in modernity has mostly been attributed to alterity. The article illustrates the legitimacy of irrationality as part of human existence through a discussion of Vargas Llosa's El Hablador (1987; The Storyteller, 1989) and Magris's novel Non luogo a procedere (2015; Blameless, 2017), and the collection of stories Croce del Sud. Tre vite vere e improbabili [Southern cross: Three real and improbable lives] (2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our testing of the relationship between child sex ratios (CSRs) and demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural diversity across nearly 300 districts of interwar Poland around 1931 yields a picture more complicated than common explanations of high masculinization of offspring. In line with existing literature, we found district-level CSRs to be positively associated with the extent of agriculture but negatively related to the relative spread of female employment outside farming and less hierarchical gender and generational household arrangements. At the same time, several of the classical modernization variables (e.g. industrialization, urbanization, female literacy or fertility) either did not result in lower sex ratios or turned out irrelevant. In this article, we attempt to reconcile these diverging results by putting them in the context of the country's relative backwardness, the specific labor demands created by modernization, and the structure of the agricultural labor market. Altogether, our results add a new stimulus to study gender discrimination in infancy and childhood in East-Central European context and to contemplate universal explanations thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a short critical reflection on what is understood under anticolonial aesthetics and how it relates to the shift from political decolonization to a more epistemologically and aesthetically oriented decoloniality, the essay focuses on the seldom considered anticolonial and decolonial trajectories originating in the ex- and present colonies of the Russian/Soviet empire and post/neo-imperial Russia. It is analysed how these trajectories intersect with and diverge from the predominantly Anglophone and Francophone postcolonial conceptual and theoretical frames and what role is played in this configuration by the state socialist form of coloniality. Its most negative effects consist in recolonization presented as decolonization and the interrupted genealogies of anticolonial resistance and re-existence. As a result, each new generation has to start from scratch, while anticolonial thinkers and artists become enchanted by western (neo)liberalism presented as the only viable alternative to Russian and local authoritarian regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabarcoding to determine marine zooplankton species composition is a fast-developing method, yet to be fully standardised. DNA barcode reference libraries that link species to barcode sequences remain incomplete, taxonomically imprecise, and biased towards well-studied regions. We used metabarcoding to determine the decapod crustacean species present in the marine zooplankton off eastern South Africa, a region for which reference libraries are comparatively poor. Zooplankton communities were sampled with tow nets at stations on the shelf (20- and 50-m isobaths) and at the shelf edge (100- and 200-m isobaths), and the samples were processed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was used for taxonomic assignment of amplicon sequence variants to species level at 95% and 99% similarity to barcode records. Detected species were cross-referenced against occurrence records from the region. Eighty- one decapod species were detected at 95% sequence similarity, but this declined to 60 species at the stricter 99% threshold. False-positive identifications were reduced by 60%. True crabs (Brachyura) were proportionally over-represented; the ratios of prawns (Dendrobranchiata), lobsters (Achelata) and burrowing shrimp (Axiidea) were consistent with occurrence records; and true shrimps (Caridea) and hermit crabs (Anomura) were under-represented. Metabarcoding identified 19 tropical western Indian Ocean (WIO) species in the samples from eastern Africa, confirming a southwards dispersal of drifting phases through the Mozambique Channel. Congruence of WIO species with the Agulhas Bioregion (shelf-edge detections) and Delagoa Biozone (shallow detections) was consistent with the dispersal of tropical species in warmer water masses. Metabarcoding of marine zooplankton communities to obtain species-level information advances high-resolution ecological research in pelagic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While countries differ in their approach to and context of teacher evaluation, many have one thing in common—they hope it serves its formative and summative purposes. In this article, the author asks policymakers, educators and researchers to reconsider how these dual purposes are accomplished. Current approaches and research both in and outside of the U.S. tend to focus on evaluator delivery of feedback, rather than teacher learning. The author examines the origin of formative and summative in the U.S. (since it influences thinking internationally), argues that it may be time to rethink beliefs about the role of principal in feedback delivery and improvement, and identifies strategies that promise to improve teaching practice, e.g., formative assessment, National Board Certification, professional development, coaching, professional learning communities, mentoring, and teacher advice networks. It may be time to think about a system of improvement that is complementary to teacher evaluation and supports teacher learning. This article is a reponse to Flores and Derrington's 2018 call to join the conversation about the contradictory purpose of accountability and improvement in their special issue 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of barnacle epibionts on the condition of the shore crab Carcinus maenas was studied for the western Wadden Sea population. Approximately 39% of the crabs were fouled with the barnacle Balanus crenatus. Although the morphological Fulton's K condition decreased by 5.8% in fouled crabs, Linear Mixed-Effects Models (LMM) showed that only the energetic condition of the crabs was significantly affected by fouling. The energy density of fouled crabs was consistently poorer (4.1% in AFDW; 8.7% in dry weight) than that of non-fouled crabs, especially in females and green forms in dry weight (12.8% and 11.4% reduction, respectively). Cumulative infection with Sacculina carcini, detected in 4.5% of the fouled crabs, additionally reduced by 14.3% the energy density in dry weight and almost to half of the total energy of the fouled crabs. Impacts of energy density reduction on crabs' growth and reproduction are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, Hellenic economic adjustment managed to restore macroeconomic balances and growth rates although to the detriment of debt sustainability and citizens' welfare. Covid-19 hit in 2020 the growth drivers of the Greek economy leading, once again, to rise in unemployment and to depression of economic activity. The article presents the macroeconomic priorities for the Greek economy after Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis considers four issue areas that are closely linked with growth namely primary fiscal balance, debt sustainability, external competitiveness and unemployment-poverty. It is argued that under certain conditions positive evolution of the four variables can keep Greek economy and Greek productive networks on track, limiting negative repercussions for the Greek society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pronounced development of the 21st century is the technological revolution, which is leading to a global world that creates more multicultural, intercultural, and diverse communities. These developments influence our lives in various ways, one of which relates to education. Educational systems are facing complicated challenges, as they need to align education to the postmodern era while adjusting pedagogical concepts and methods to the multicultural diversity of learners. The article aims to explore these challenges, specifically addressing multicultural educational assessment. We question the prevalent concept of assessment - assessment of learning, vs. assessment for learning or assessment as learning. The former uses assessment as a measurement tool, aiming to benefit decision-making, accountability, control, and supervision, and stems from economic and political considerations. This assessment does not consider the developments of recent decades, which have created a more global, multicultural world where the assumption that 'one size fits all' does not work. Furthermore, when this wrong assumption comes to students' assessment it can have devastating consequences for individuals and groups. We discuss the need to change the educational assessment paradigm, adapt it to a multicultural world, the challenges of doing so, and potential ways to cope with these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reconstructs Shklar's thoughts on war. It argues that these thoughts constitute a crucial pillar of her political theory. Of particular significance is the interpretation of her book Legalism, where Shklar criticised efforts to streamline the complex issue of the causes of war into a simple theory of power and aggression, and her work on Montesquieu, which ultimately allowed her to link thoughts on war and extraordinary cruelty to her interest in cruelty as an ordinary vice. In this way, the article answers the question about the relationship between Shklar's explicit cosmopolitanism and her negative political theory. It demonstrates that her thoughts on war were politically cosmopolitan, while allowing her to eschew the type of global ethics that underwrites just war theorising, she was critical of. The article makes a case for considering Shklar's work as a contribution to Global Political Theory, calling for the latter to look beyond the just war tradition to pursue its interests in both theoretical prescription and political reality. This because Shklar's thoughts on war successfully combined empirical analysis of world affairs with normative dismissal of human actions that place others in situations of existential fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democratic politics constituted a challenging paradox for addressing international justice and injustice for Judith Shklar. It could be a primary source of redressing injustice in its capacity to mobilize international society against the worst kinds of cruelty suffered by international victims – refugees, exiles, immigrants, and victims of wars. Yet the link between democratic politics and nationalism also constituted a primary source of international injustice towards those, on either side of national borders, with whom democratic majorities did not identify and who became grist to the mill of democratic unity forged in entirely irrational hostility towards others. This was why Shklar strenuously criticised calls to highly participatory forms of democracy: the obverse of extreme democratic tightness was extreme hostility towards out-groups on either side of national borders. Shklar's aversion to nationalism had a status approaching her view of cruelty as the worst vice, for the irrational passions it unleashed were a great source precisely of that cruelty. A focus on international justice and injustice in Shklar's thought accordingly demands concertedexplorations of the part that domestic democratic politics, and especially democratic nationalism, plays in international politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines one component of Stephen Mumford’s case for the claim that we should regard sport, art and the aesthetic as more closely connected than has tended to be the case, under the influence of the work of David Best, in recent years. Mumford’s rejection of what I call ‘the drama argument’ is examined in detail and it is argued that all but one element of his case fails to do the job he envisages. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article discusses the contested character of property rights with respect to reclaimed land from marshes in the Ottoman Empire through the reclamation project for Lake Lapsista in Ottoman Ioannina starting from 1886. By the end of the nineteenth century, many marshes, lakes, and rivers in the Ottoman territories were planned to be cleaned and reclaimed for various purposes. However, as a result of reclamation projects, the possession of reclaimed land, and the way such lands were defined, became a vexed issue in which various actors became involved and struggled over controlling them. Focusing on struggles and negotiations the reclamation project created, the article aims to uncover how the ownership of reclaimed marshy regions were defined at the local level. Drawing on archival materials on the land dispute over the reclaimed Lake Lapsista from 1886 to 1909, the article shows that the struggle over control of the reclaimed land manifested itself in the attempts of both central and local actors to circumvent legal boundaries or manipulate legal regulation and codes at the local level, challenging approaches that only focus on legal texts and codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measure promoted as England's first law against sex trafficking, the Criminal Law Amendment Bill, journeyed through Parliament in 1912. Amid mounting extra-parliamentary protest over votes for women, workers' rights, and Home Rule for Ireland, the country's suffrage and socialist groups chose to engage with the somewhat ancillary Bill and the issue of trafficking (or 'white slavery' as it was popularly known) through the powerful medium of their periodicals. They did so largely because they saw the value to their wider campaigns of using trafficking - a phenomenon often cast by reformers as involving the sexual exploitation of working-class women - to forge connections (or highlight disjunctures) between the suffragist and socialist movements. Ideas of race, national identity, and empire attached to configurations of 'slavery' were central to their rhetoric, and to the links the groups made between trafficking and the political emancipation they sought. These ideas give a valuable insight into influential representations of trafficking in 1912 and the campaign against 'white slavery' during what was a fundamental, transnational moment in the history of trafficking. They also illuminate suffragist and socialist rhetoric of the day, and the conflicting ideas of 'Englishness' therein. This article strives to unlock some of these insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the interwar period (1918–1939), Polish political decision-makers focused on ensuring international security for the country that had regained its independence after the Great War. International relations became more sophisticated since the early 1930s and saw the Versailles order being challenged and weakened. The Polish policy of maintaining an equal distance between the Third Reich and the Soviet Union assumed the rejection of the idea of a Polish-German or Polish-Soviet alliance that would deprive Poland of self-reliance regarding the decision-making process and could provoke one of its neighbors to attack. By rejecting German offers presented starting in the autumn of 1938 (the annexation of Gdansk to the Third Reich, the construction of an extraterritorial highway running through Polish Pomerania, or most importantly, accession to the Anti-Comintern Pact seen as an action against the Soviet Union), Poland decided to defend its sovereignty and independence by establishing military alliances with Great Britain and France. In the twenty-first century, the majority of Polish historians have emphasized the impossibility of a 'pact with the devil' (an alliance with a totalitarian regime that held international law, rules of democracy, and human laws in contempt), the lack of possibilities for alternative alliances (no alternative for the Polish-British-French alliance) or the negative consequences thereof, with the possible pact between Berlin and Warsaw seen as an alliance between Gulliver and Lilliputians. However, for 30 years, the so-called counterfactual history has been coming to the forefront, with its supporters claiming that in late 1938 and early 1939, Poland should have seriously considered and even agreed to the offers presented by Germany. The main aim of this article is to analyze this historical and popular cultural discourse held by professional historians, journalists, and other publicists in contemporary Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we distinguish two approaches to studying international public administrations (IPAs). On the one hand, there is a line of research that is grounded in traditional Public Administration (PA) and seeks to understand IPAs through established disciplinary lenses. On the other hand, scholars conceive IPAs as posing new problems and questions and are trying to integrate the standpoints of their respective disciplines into a broader research agenda. We argue that both perspectives have their merits – and limitations. However, the more IPAs are understood as phenomena heralding the emergence of transnationalized political systems, the less traditional PA toolkits appear able to capture the innovative aspects IPAs may hold. This essay thus argues for keeping IPA research as a field of study open, integrative and mixed – to encourage out of the box thinking and innovation, rather than stifle it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It would nevertheless be rash to conclude from this textual situation that the poem in the versified fair copy version is the document of an autonomous speech act that emancipates the speaking subject from the maternal instance addressed in the prose draft. Delayed Origins, Initial Inhibitions: The Beginnings of Fatherlandish Song and the Task of Answering the Mother in Hölderlin's Am Quell der Donau In the prose draft, "denn" forms part of the initial speech act addressing the Mother; in the verse version, it is the first word of the text itself, marking the beginning of the beginning. The present essay represents an attempt to elucidate certain aspects of Friedrich Hölderlin's early "fatherlandish songs", centred around the fragmentary hymn I Am Quell der Donau i from 1801, in the perspective of psychoanalytic theory. [Extracted from the article]