Search

This paper contributes to art marketing and consumption literature by studying how art market participants from Brazil – a market considered "emergent" – position themselves in the global art market. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 60 art market participants and participant observation in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the paper shows how position and validation gains are understood as entailing practices of (ex)change (or troca in Portuguese) at the individual and field level. Beyond the extension of their social networks and circulation in art market circuits outside Brazil, art market participants understood their positioning gains as dependent on changes to (the perceptions of) art market practices and operating context, and the negotiation of alternative valuations of Brazilian contemporary art in the global art market, addressing power inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexandre de Gusmão (1695-1753): O Estadista que desenhou o mapa do Brasil: By Synesio Sampaio Goes Filho. The second myth suggested that the territories that today make up Brazil formerly belonged to an immense indigenous Tupi-Guarani group and that the whole area from the confluence of the Paraguay River and the Guaporé River to the Amazon was their ancestral territory: I Pindorama i . The new Treaty of Madrid (1750) was instrumental for the legitimization of territories that had up until then been part of the Spanish Empire in South America. [Extracted from the article]

The search for effective governance and management of telecenter initiatives is an important concern for policy makers. However, so far this topic has been underresearched. This article aims to fill the gap by studying the interplay between the actors involved in the governance and management of the São Paulo Public Telecenter Network in Brazil. The article draws on the actor-network theory's translation process to study the relationship among public and private agents involved in the implementation of the telecenters. The findings indicate the importance of individual agents' goals, organizational learning, and political dimensions, and the way in which these factors are influential for user training, participation, and citizenship development. The results provide useful insights for the management of digital inclusion programs in a developing-country setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the history of government-sponsored rural settlements in the province/state of São Paulo, Brazil, as a pendular movement, whose points of reversion depended on the interests of a landowning elite to obtain labour for newly expanding plantations from the 1820s to the 1920s. Faltering infrastructure and ill-defined property rights over public lands were persistent constraints to the development of such rural settlements. Part of this failure can be attributed to a lack of State capacity and part to the opposition of plantation owners to the settling of independent smallholdings. The paper complements this historical-institutional analysis with a quantitative description of such settlements in 1898–1920. These late government-sponsored rural settlements showed the potential to grow in demographic and economic terms and had an overall demographic and occupational composition well aligned with the goal of creating a family-based peasantry. However, there were enormous heterogeneities in ethno-linguistic composition, educational attainment, and economic prosperity between and within such rural settlements, which point to idiosyncratic features that should be taken into account in future research assessing the short- and long-run effects of immigration and settlement policies in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the tension between development practice and postcolonial and decolonial theories. The postcolonial and decolonial critiques of development primarily criticise the Eurocentrism of the development discourse, which prevents so-called 'subalterns' from living politically self-determined lives. To evaluate both development policy and its post/decolonial critiques, the paper conducts a qualitative content analysis of song lyrics from the rap music of São Paulo, Brazil, comparing the political demands present in the lyrics with the most important aspects of development policy. São Paulo rap is chosen as it represents an organic politico-cultural movement from the peripheries of one of the largest metropolises in the so-called Global South. The paper concludes that, in terms of basic needs, the will of the 'subalterns' is not significantly different from what development practice offers. Beyond that, it also concludes that both development policy and postcolonialism overlook the problem of the political construction of inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian approach for modeling the evolution of the 7-day moving average for the number of deaths due to COVID-19 in a country, state or city. The proposed approach is based on a Gaussian process regression model. The main advantage of this model is that it assumes that a nonlinear function f used for modeling the observed data is an unknown random parameter in opposite to usual approaches that set up f as being a known mathematical function. This assumption allows the development of a Bayesian approach with a Gaussian process prior over f. In order to estimate the parameters of interest, we develop an MCMC algorithm based on the Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampling algorithm. We also present a procedure for making predictions. The proposed method is illustrated in a case study, in which, we model the 7-day moving average for the number of deaths recorded in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results obtained show that the proposed method is very effective in modeling and predicting the values of the 7-day moving average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the distribution of foreigners across counties of the province of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1872. The analysis stresses the historical importance of policies that fostered immigration in the nineteenth century by discussing the two main migratory strategies pursued in Brazil by the 1870s, namely the recruitment of foreign bonded labourers to the plantations and of settlers to rural colonies. The empirical approach studies the sorting of foreigners according to the economic, institutional, demographic, and geographic characteristics of the counties. Results show that the number of foreigners in 1872 was positively correlated with the ease of access to a region and with contemporaneous immigrant networks. The number of foreigners in 1872 also correlated negatively with the free, non-white, population, suggesting a degree of substitutability in local labour markets in a period before mass immigration to the region. Finally, the economic structure of the counties influenced the allocation of foreigners. Agricultural employment was associated with less immigrants, while manufacturing and trade-related activities were linked with a larger number of foreigners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the use of regression models with random effects has made great progress. Among these models' attractions is the flexibility to analyze correlated data. In various situations, the distribution of the response variable presents asymmetry or bimodality. In these cases, it is possible to use the normal regression with random effect at the intercept. In light of these contexts, i.e. the desire to analyze correlated data in the presence of bimodality or asymmetry, in this paper we propose a regression model with random effect at the intercept based onthe generalized inverse Gaussian distribution model with correlated data. The maximum likelihood is adopted to estimate the parameters and various simulations are performed for correlated data. A type of residuals for the new regression is proposed whose empirical distribution is close to normal. The versatility of the new regression is demonstrated by estimating the average price per hectare of bare land in 10 municipalities in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). In this context, various databases are constantly emerging, requiring flexible modeling. Thus, it is likely to be of interest to data analysts, and can make a good contribution to the statistical literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the scope for upscaling and transnational transfer of participatory landslide risk management strategies for informal settlements in Latin America. Drawing on lessons from transdisciplinary action-research in three neighbourhoods in Medellín, Colombia, and one in São Paulo, Brazil, the paper discusses how bottom-up approaches were developed to co-produce landslide risk management in both Global South cities, in a way that optimises the collaboration between communities and relevant governmental bodies. The analysis focuses on mitigation and 'agreement-seeking', from the perspectives of scale, power and knowledge, which help understand the parallels between co-production of landslide risk management and co-production of urban services. Two key conclusions are that landslide risk management should be built into neighbourhood upgrading and management, and that both community and the state have stronger roles to play in landslide risk management from their respective capacities. The paper also reflects on the role of academia in enabling co-production of landslide risk management through engaging with local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sophisticated spatial labour markets can promote better opportunities for functional upgrading in value-added trade. This paper estimates the skill-based functional specialization in Brazilian labour factor content in trade in value-added (LTiVA), considering different geographical scales. We combined an interregional input–output model for Brazilian states with occupational data to identify the skill intensity embedded in LTiVA based on the hypothetical extraction method (HEM) technique. Our findings show that the largest Southeastern economic area specializes in highly sophisticated functions, while the rest of the country embodies low skills in value-added trade for domestic and global trade levels. Furthermore, the results reveal a central role for the São Paulo state governing the subnational value chains and reinforcing the international uneven spatial functional division pattern at the subnational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gender & Development is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses the debates about the monument of Bandeirante in São Paulo, Brazil, inaugurated in 1953. "Bandeirante" is a mythical and symbolic construction of a historical character who had heroically conquered the interior of America for Portugal. Since the 1980s various intellectual and social movements have raised awareness of the ideological dimension of the Bandeirantes, including their role as enslavers of Indigenous people, propagators of infectious diseases and usurpers of territories. Correspondingly, the monument of Bandeirante has been the subject of protests connected to Indigenous rights. In October 2013, protestors against the proposal for a Constitutional Amendment that would threaten the Indian Territories in Brazil had thrown red ink on the monument, symbolizing the bloodshed. The monument of Bandeirante has thus ceased to be the place of admiration and became a site of revolt, contrasting aspects of the past that are the focus of this paper. The main question of this paper is if it is possible to mobilize the monument as a space for dialogue and negotiation by preserving its physical integrity and, at the same time, giving visibility to the demands of those whose rights have been violated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature has suggested that droughts and societies are mutually shaped and, therefore, both require a better understanding of their coevolution on risk reduction and water adaptation. Although the São Paulo Metropolitan Region drew attention because of the 2013–2015 drought, this was not the first event. This paper revisits this event and the 1985–1986 drought to compare the evolution of drought risk management aspects. Documents and hydrological records are analyzed to evaluate the hazard intensity, preparedness, exposure, vulnerability, responses, and mitigation aspects of both events. Although the hazard intensity and exposure of the latter event were larger than the former one, the policy implementation delay and the dependency of service areas in a single reservoir exposed the region to higher vulnerability. In addition to the structural and non-structural tools implemented just after the events, this work raises the possibility of rainwater reuse for reducing the stress in reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the 14th International Drying Symposium held in Sao Paulo, Brazil from August 22-25 2004. Panorama of the symposium; Activities and programs; Topics discussed in the symposium's sessions; Attendees.

This paper presents a synthetic travel demand for the Greater São Paulo Metropolitan Region of Brazil, entirely based on open data and representative of the observed travel demand. The open-source and extendable pipeline creates a path from raw data to the synthetic travel demand and, further, to the downstream agent-based mobility simulation. An advantage of this approach is that it enables the reproduction of the synthetic travel demand and, therefore, provides the foundation of repeatability of downstream studies. Furthermore, as the methodology is based on open data, the study's outcomes are easily accessible to the broad research and practice-oriented community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frederico Baptista de Souza was born to a slave mother during the period of the Free Womb Law in Brazil (1871). After slavery's abolition, Souza campaigned in favor of full citizenship for formerly enslaved people. Black newspapers in São Paulo originated from the clubs of people who were prohibited from enjoying the clubs attended by whites regardless of their class. I examine the Black press' rise through Souza, founder of one of the region's oldest and longest running racial groups, the Dramatic and Recreational Guild Kosmos. Apart from coordinating, producing, and editing papers, Souza wrote op-eds and figured among those who shaped public opinion about Brazilian racial matters, often articulating ideas and concepts from other regions of the world, especially the "uplift generation" of the United States. Souza's life is evidence of a once thriving and engaging Black press in this corner of the Atlantic that was São Paulo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses water security and wellbeing within a public health perspective and focuses on urban areas with high population density. It analyses access to safe water and the multiple challenges to water security in two megacities: São Paulo and London, comparing differences and similarities. It illustrates how water security and health are related to Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6): universal and equitable access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene, and SDG3: healthy lives and well-being for all, focusing on the problem exacerbated by the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, during 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects upon the everyday agency of marginalized youth in the Brazilian urban periphery in responding to the climate crisis. In the context of the global covid-19 crisis, which has exacerbated patterns of social exclusion between urban centers and peripheries, we reflect on the extent to which current theorizations of youth activism are appropriate for understanding youth agency in the periphery of Sao Paulo. We seek to 'blur the -ism' in climate activism by introducing more multi-faceted understandings of agency based on young people's everyday (inter-)actions with their environment as well as their contradicting emotions regarding their vulnerabilities and potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design supports entrepreneurial activity through new products, services and business designs, linking users, organizations and ecosystems. In this paper we explore services that support earlystage entrepreneurship. Fostering entrepreneurship is seen to create employment and economic wellbeing, especially in low resource environments. While service design practice has reached maturity, it is unable on its own to fully address the complexity in these services. In this paper, we suggest that complementary systemic level approaches are needed to build up coherent service ecosystems through an investigation of the perceptions of earlystage entrepreneurs regarding their service ecosystem in the resource-scarce East Zone (EZ) of S~ao Paulo, Brazil. We found there were fundamental gaps in public policies, mentoring, access to capital and business networks, together with relatively underdeveloped skills and abilities in accessing markets. We contribute to modelling service ecosystems, identifying systemic gaps and defining a high-level agenda for service design to support early-stage entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies in transportation planning routinely use data in which location attributes are an important source of information. Thus, using spatial attributes in urban travel forecasting models seems reasonable. The main objective of this paper is to estimate transit trip production using Factorial Kriging with External Drift (FKED) through an aggregated data case study of Traffic Analysis Zones in São Paulo city, Brazil. The method consists of a sequential application of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Kriging with External Drift (KED). The traditional Linear Regression (LR) model was adopted with the aim of validating the proposed method. The results show that PCA summarizes and combines 23 socioeconomic variables using 4 components. The first component is introduced in KED, as secondary information, to estimate transit trip production by public transport in geographic coordinates where there is no prior knowledge of the values. Cross-validation for the FKED model presented high values of the correlation coefficient between estimated and observed values. Moreover, low error values were observed. The accuracy of the LR model was similar to FKED. However, the proposed method is able to map the transit trip production in several geographical coordinates of non-sampled values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, has a historical coexistence between society and floods. Unplanned urbanization in this area is a representative feature of how Brazilian cities have developed, undermining the impact of natural hazards. The Gregório Creek catchment is an enigma of complex dynamics concerning the relationship between humans and water in Brazilian cities. Our hypothesis is that social memory of floods can improve future resilience. In this paper we analyse flood risk dynamics in a small urban catchment, identify the impacts of social memory on building resilience and propose measures to reduce the risk of floods. We applied a socio-hydrological model using data collected from newspapers from 1940 to 2018. The model was able to elucidate human–water processes in the catchment and the historical source data proved to be a useful tool to fill gaps in the data in small urban basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a defective regression model for survival data modeling with a proportion of early failures or zero-adjusted. Our approach enables us to accommodate three types of units, that is, patients with 'zero' survival times (early failures) and those who are susceptible or not susceptible to the event of interest. Defective distributions are obtained from standard distributions by changing the domain of the parameters of the latter in such a way that their survival functions are limited to. We consider the Gompertz and inverse Gaussian defective distributions, which allow modeling of data containing a cure fraction. Parameter estimation is performed by maximum likelihood estimation, and Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. We illustrate the practical relevance of the proposed models on two real data sets. The first is from a study of occlusion of endoscopic stenting in patients with pancreatic cancer performed at A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, and the other is from a study on insulin use in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes performed at São Paulo University Medical School. Both studies were performed in São Paulo, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the interregional linkages and the relative intensity of CO2 emissions embedded into domestic and global value chains from Brazilian states. An extended environmentally interregional input-output model (EEIIO) was applied to measure the bilateral trade in value-added (TiVA) and the total implicit emissions trade (TTE). The results reveal unbalanced pollution patterns in space. Few manufacturing hubs in core Brazilian states (mainly São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) are net importers of intensive greenhouse gas (GHG) inputs from peripheries, implying an environmental responsibility driven by networks' governance and relative position. By recognizing the role that multiscalar integration plays in implicit CO2 in both production and trade, it is possible to build local strategies to reduce sustainable spatial gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the relations between the built environment and the patient's health, considering the context of the pandemic experienced since 2020. We assessed the results of a systematic literature review to create a theoretical framework. Based on that, we evaluated the performance of five diagnostic facilities sited in São Paulo, Brazil, during the occupation phase. These buildings share a similar design programme in a way that enables a systematic qualitative assessment. We organised the design requisites in a Table of Diagnostics and Recommendations. Based on the gathered evidence, we proposed reviewing the existing guidelines to promote healthier indoor environments. Among the leading design guidelines updates are issues regarding the management of contamination risk, such as the strategic planning of circulation routes, increasing outdoor air rates, and the specification of disinfection systems. We also present measures to promote healthiness and well-being for both patients and the medical team, including improving solar access to indoor environments and physical and visual access to the outdoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hosting sporting mega-events involve considerable investment in and significant engagement with local communities. This paper contributes to the burgeoning literature about sporting mega event's socio-geographical impacts on tourism, employment, urban regeneration, and socio-economic and cultural benefits. Within the context of 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, we assess, utilizing interview data from local communities, the impact of the construction of the 2014 World Cup's opening venue, 'Arena Corinthians' soccer stadium, in Itaquera, as well as other infrastructure developments more widely in the East Zone of São Paulo. The results point to the diversity of opinions among the resident community about the real legacies resulting from this sport mega-event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we call attention of two observed features in practical applications of the Generalized Autoregressive Moving Average (GARMA) model due to the structure of its linear predictor. One is the multicollinearity which may lead to a non-convergence of the maximum likelihood, using iteratively reweighted least squares, and the inflation of the estimator's variance. The second is that the inclusion of the same lagged observations into the autoregressive and moving average components confounds the interpretation of the parameters. A modified model, GAR-M, is presented to reduce the multicollinearity and to improve the interpretation of the parameters. The expectation and variance under stationarity conditions are presented for the identity and logarithm link function. In a general sense, simulation studies show that the maximum likelihood estimators based on the GARMA and GAR-M models are equivalent but the GAR-M estimators presented a little lower standard errors and some restrictions in the parametric space are imposed to guarantee the stationarity of the process. Also, a real data analysis illustrates the GAR-M fit for daily hospitalization rates of elderly people due to respiratory diseases from October 2012 to April 2015 in São Paulo city, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on some results of a broader research project, this paper aims to discuss the relation between urban design and creative dynamics in cultural districts. Appropriation and production of public spaces in three ‘creative quarters’ are analyzed, through a photographic approach, covering material aspects, human appropriation and symbolic dimensions in these areas. Discussing the boundaries of public spaces and their relevance for creative activity (through the conviviality and sociability they promote), it is argued that urban design characteristics and specific place morphologies significantly influence the appropriation of these areas and the development of specific creative dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes an initial venture into thinking about the uses of urban space in the context of leisure and contemporary urban life in São Paulo, Brazil. Looking at different urban spaces of leisure along Augusta Street, this paper analyzes the social, frenetic, and yet intimate spaces in São Paulo that were transformed and revived in the last few years. It examines Vídeo Guerrilha, an annual three-day video arts festival on Augusta Street. It also observes the revival of the neighborhood of Lower Augusta/Baixo Augusta in São Paulo, which is in progress and closer to the city center and, more specifically, the “bad” side of Avenida Paulista, the active artery that separates downtown from upscale neighborhoods in the city's southwest zone. It focuses on visual and urban street culture along Augusta and the two parallel avenues that flank it, Bela Cintra Street and Frei Caneca Street. The urban dynamic is reflected in the city's urban landscapes and shows a constant tension between opposite realms: global–local, private–public, and the individual–collective. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper looks at three different Brazilian cities: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte to understand the different models of favela upgrade, the opportunities and the challenges that each model entails. The recent ‘left-turn’ on Latin American politics created several opportunities for architects to help improve the informal sector that comprises a significant portion of every major city in the continent. In Brazil, the Lula government invested billions in the infrastructure upgrade of the infamous favelas. This paper will argue that the two traditional contractual models, the construction bidding (by metrics and values) and the commission by ‘reputation’ (opaque political process of choice), are not sufficient. A third model based on popular participation was tested in the early 2000s but it was gradually marginalized as the country speeded up investment in preparation for the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and the Summer Olympics in 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

By 1950, the northern region of Paraná State was an affluent settlement zone, due to the prosperous coffee-growing industry and a recent systematic colonization scheme, with its deliberate process of urbanization, which had been responsible for a network of planned new towns. The region was economically and culturally tied to the dominant city of São Paulo, and the changing image of its main towns – Londrina and Maringá – was basically the result of the work of prestigious São-Paulo-based architects and town planners that had been hired by the local elite. Notably, modern architecture and urbanism were imported as a means of achieving modernity: a targeted instrument of civilization, even in a colonization zone where material conditions were relatively unfavourable. In fact, the acts of borrowing, rejection, imitation, adaptation, and transformation can be observed in the movement of ideas. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the two-way relationship established between the most influential Brazilian metropolis and the wealthy provincial hinterland longing to mirror modern features. More precisely, it aims to account for foreign influences and local initiatives as global mechanisms responsible not only for the diffusion of modern planning and architectural practices but also for the construction of a pioneering regional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper initially describes a network of expansion and spreading of Esther Bick's contributions, mainly her infant observation method, among professionals involved with studying and working with early relationships, considering developments within the field of therapeutic consultations and early intervention (Winnicott, Lebovici), in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Starting from the experience of professionals with the psychoanalytic observation method (Bick/Tavistock/Melega), infant observation groups have been formed, contributing to deepening and enriching training in several fields. The experience of the observers and the supervision group is here discussed, as containing spaces for working through primitive aspects and splitting processes in the contact of parent-infant relationships. Vignettes of weekly observations are presented: a baby who evoked concern about his development, whose parents seemed to benefit from the observer's attitude of looking and getting in contact with painful perceptions, and a baby of an adolescent single mother to whom different worlds struggle for integration, in an ambivalent construction of her maternal function, and to whom the observer represents a possibility of less splitting and acting-outs. The modulating and mediating function of the observer's mind and the amplifying resonance within the supervision group are demonstrated, facilitating access to elements of our internal worlds not always readily available to our conscious contact with the external world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information for the 17th International-Output Conference to be held in Sao Paolo, Brazil in 2009.

The goal of this paper is to present a Brazilian universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) program based on transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and study the hearing impairment prevalence in this population. From September 1996 to August 1999, 4631 babies were born at the maternity ward of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein in Sao Paulo, Brazil and 4196 (90.6%) had a hearing screening test performed before discharge. The equipment ILO88, ‘quickscreen’ mode and the 2 stages protocol were used. From the 4196 babies tested, 4123 (98.2%) had a normal test and 73 (1.8%) failed at the first stage screening. The follow-up was performed in 60 (82%) of those 73 babies and 10 (2.3–1000 live births) had a confirmed hearing loss, three without hearing risk factors. The TEOAE UNHS program was a feasible and accurate method to detect hearing disorders at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the impact of economic stabilisation and internationalisation on the Sao Paulo metropolitan region and, in particular, in the industrial heartland of the Greater ABC region. The paper begins with a general discussion of the issue of globalisation and inequality in Brazil. It then examines the background to economic development in Brazil with special emphasis on the pattern of economic instability in the 1980s, before discussing the attempts to address this instability in the form of the Real Plan. The paper shows that the introduction of the Real Plan has not been socially or territorially neutral. In particular, the position of the ABC region has been undermined by the processes unleashed by the Real Plan. The final section looks at the response of different actors in the region to these developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the study of climate change and environmental justice with a particular focus on a Global South case-study in the São Paulo Macro Metropolis of Brazil. We also aim to contribute to mandatory critical dialogue between (anticipatory) governance and environmental justice. This study focuses on the rainy seasons from 2016 to 2019. We examine the incidence of 61 extreme precipitation events, as well as 47 deaths caused by rain events, considering their location based on vulnerability indicators. The correlations among these data allow us to reveal the socio-environmental patterns within the relationships between social vulnerability and deaths caused by general rainfall and, more specifically, extreme events. Based on this, we demonstrate that current infrastructure or its lack is one of the reasons why death tolls remain due to the absence of anticipatory governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the optimal concentration of an anionic surfactant (APA-H1) and a sulfonated polyacrylamide (SPAM-A5) formulation for SP flooding at high temperature high salinity conditions. IFT, viscosity and oil production rate in micromodel tests of the formulation were evaluated from 200 to 2000 ppm in high salinity water at 90 °C. Results showed by injecting 1000 ppm APA-H1 and 1,500 ppm SPAM-A5 with ∼10−4 mN/m IFT and 5.4 cP viscosity, the highest incremental oil production was 27%, which were not improved by increasing chemical concentrations. The work reveals there exists an optimal range of surfactant polymer concentrations in SP flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration museums and, in particular, the Museu da Imigração do Estado de São Paulo, represent a variant of the museum of society. By constituting a local heritage dedicated to immigration, the museum develops a participatory approach with communities of immigrant origin, highlighting its memorial character and facilitating the institution's more inclusive identity. These museums often favour an interdisciplinary approach to the subject These new perspectives challenge museum experts' and visitors' own paradigms about the represented group or society. This article puts into perspective the constituent characteristics of immigration museums with those of society museums. The problematization presented in this article was done based on my doctoral thesis with a focus on museum history, archive analysis and interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the local outcomes of São Paulo city’s engagement in transnational networks for climate protection. The participation of municipalities in such networks has been an important driver in fostering local initiatives to protect global climate. There have been accounts of many cases of mitigation measures implemented successfully at the local level, demonstrating significant carbon emissions reductions, thus helping national governments in their emissions reductions efforts. However, few studies have explored the linkages between transnational engagement, implementation of subnational climate action, and the actual national commitments in developing countries. This paper assesses the role of local engagement in transnational networks in the adoption and implementation of climate policies and legislation in the city of São Paulo, and its impact on the Brazilian government’s climate action, in the period between 2002 and 2014. São Paulo was an active member of ICLEI’s Cities for Climate Protection campaign and the C40 network during this period. The city was the first government to adopt legislation establishing reduction targets in 2009. However, while transnational action influenced the inception of the city’s climate change policy, it has had limited impact on the implementation of climate action beyond the municipal level. The role of transnational action, in this context, is yet to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In June 2013, widespread popular unrest unexpectedly shook Brazil whilst the FIFA Football Confederations Cup was taking place. Nicknamed as the 'demonstrations cup' by protesters, this was one of the greatest uprisings in the history of the country, with its effects still being felt and discussed nationally and internationally. Despite the general consensus on the more immediate causes that sparked the movement – such as the protests by the Movimento Passe Livre against a 20-cent bus fare hike in São Paulo, heavy-handed police repression and the use of social media – there still lacks a holistic explanation about the historical processes that formed the inflammable scenario that triggered those demonstrations and their rapid dissemination. Using quantitative and qualitative data related to recent urban socio-economic changes and civil society mobilisation trends, the present paper constructs an original genealogy of the June 2013 'demonstrations cup'. As a result, it indicates a unique confluence of multiple causal factors, such as the rapid and generalised erosion of real income in the Brazilian metropolises, the degeneration of political representativeness and traditional movements, the emergence of new mobilisation tools and the dissemination of anti-mega-events critical subjectivities – hence providing a comprehensive and empirically informed account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1979 and 1984 São Paulo was the centre of a veritable boom in xerographic experimentation. The ardent turn to the photocopier on the part of many São Paulo-based artists was the culmination of a neo-avant-garde scene that had crystallised there since the beginning of the 1970s, during the most brutal years of the military dictatorship. Working individually, they coalesced in their appropriation of technologies of mass print media to create, in the midst of censorship and repression, dispersive and democratic works. However, these artists singularly harnessed the photocopier to simultaneously attack the parameters of canonical art and the oppressive measures of the regime that facilitated access to this very technology. This article materialises a significant and largely overlooked chapter of the conceptual turn in Brazil. It also maps a vital transition, from artists using xerography solely for its pluralising capability, to developing xerography as a visual language in its own right – reorientating the machine's function, and altering how viewers would approach these haptic works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing the rapid growth of deprived areas (commonly known as slums, informal settlements, etc.) in cities of Low- to Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) demands detailed and consistent information that is often unavailable. Recent Earth Observation (EO) mapping approaches with supervised classification models overlook the diversity of deprived areas and require resource-intensive training sets. In this study, we analyse the potential of unsupervised machine learning (ML) models to capture intra-urban diversity of deprived areas in São Paulo, using solely open geodata. We provide a workflow of characterising deprivation at a city scale with a disaggregated approach, offering scalability and transferability potential. First, we extract a pool of spatial features from open geospatial datasets to characterise the morphological and environmental conditions of the study area. After input preparation, we train and optimise a k-means model, including a coupled feature importance tool. Four cluster types emerged with different deprivation aspects such as higher and lower accessibility to services and infrastructure, sparser and denser occupation; regular and complex morphology; flat and steep terrain. This alternative methodology to capture diversity of deprived areas with open EO-based features can inform locally targeted, thus more efficient, urban policies and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comparative case study examines community self-governance in informal settlements in São Paulo, Brazil, through the Policy Arrangement Approach. Drawing on participant observation and semi-structured interviews, I highlight the importance of context in shaping self-governance and outcomes. Self-governance embodies power and politics, often not contained to the spatial boundaries of the informal settlements, and developed through intersecting nodes of people, organizations, institutions, resources, spaces. Ultimately, this study questions the notion of self-governance as a simplistic binary to propose self-governance as a dialectical continuum of self/non-self, recognizing the realities of governing communities as multiple, complex, and fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to investigate possible causes for the significant reduction observed in crime rates in São Paulo city. By applying a cointegration analysis, we observed long-run relationships between crime, economic activity, and police performance. The results indicate that the lethal crime rate is positively related to unemployment and negatively related to real wages and to the results of law-enforcement activities, specifically arrests and seizure of firearms. Moreover, the hypothesis that the Disarmament Statute led to a reduction in the lethal crime rate is not rejected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an atlas of physical geography at a detailed scale for an area located between two large morphostructural units: the Atlantic Plateau, a crystalline shield of rough landforms, and the Peripheral Depression, a transition unit from Plateau to the Parana Sedimentary Basin, whose smooth landforms are generally sculpted over sedimentary terrain. The transition between these two land systems creates contrasting landforms as a function of bedrock structure and soil type. Smooth landforms underlain by sedimentary rocks and reddish clayey soils alternate with small hills with abrupt slopes sustained by igneous or metamorphic rocks. These soils, developed from weathering of siltstones can rapidly change to brownish and pale colors indicating leaching and weathering of stratified sandstones or massive structured quartzites. A geomorphopedological classification at 1:10,000 scale was performed initially by delimiting units according to landforms. Secondly, other themes were added by combining them with different types of rocks and soils. The geomorphological map was produced by using thematic maps including a topographic base map, hypsometric map, slope map and morphological map. Also the geological and pedological maps were created based on field data collection, morphological analysis of soil profiles and physical, chemical and mineralogical laboratory analysis. Finally, the geomorphopedological units were defined using all the mapped data. Each of these units has peculiar features concerning developed or undeveloped soil formation, with mineralogy and structure very often linked to underlying rock. The landform shape is either controlled by geologic structure or originated from weathering processes that make the relief flatter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To boost crop yield, sugarcane growers are using increasing amounts of pesticides to combat insects and weeds. But residues of these compounds can pollute water resources, such as lakes, rivers and aquifers. The present paper reports the results of a study of water samples from the Feijão River, which is the source of drinking water for the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. The samples were evaluated for the presence of four leading pesticides – ametryn, atrazine, diuron and fipronil – used on sugarcane, the dominant culture in the region. The samples were obtained from three points along the river: the headwaters, along the middle course of the river and just before the municipal water intake station. The pesticides were extracted from the water samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and then analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD). The analytical method was validated by traditional methods, obtaining recovery values between 90 and 95%, with precision deviations inferior to 2.56%, correlation coefficients above 0.99 and detection and quantification limits varying from 0.02 to 0.05 mg L−1 and 0.07 to 0.17 mg L−1, respectively. No presence of residues of the pesticides was detected in the samples, considering the detection limits of the method employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the physical space of Sao Paulo are the focus of three films released early in the 21st century: O Principe (2002; The Prince), by Ugo Giorgetti; Urbania (2001), by Flavio Frederico; and O Invasor (2002; The Trespasser), by Beto Brant. All three films convey a sense of deep division in the urban space by focusing on the 'invasion' of certain parts of Sao Paulo by people who supposedly do not belong there: homeless, squatters, inhabitants of periferia. But they do so in different ways. The first two films play with the identification between viewers and the gaze of their flaneur-protagonists, creating, as a result, a shared feeling of nostalgia for a city that no longer exists. O Invasor, by contrast, uses camera work to de-stabilize the viewers' gaze, much complicating our attempts to identify with its protagonists and their ways of looking at the city. This paper will examine how gaze (camera gaze, characters' gaze, implied viewers' gaze) relates to issues of class difference and spatial division in the three films, paying most attention to O Invasor. By comparing this film to O Principe and Urbania, it will re-assess the meanings of the invasion suggested in its title. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

- This paper reports the occurrence of five species of Rhodacaridae mites collected in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. One of these corresponds to a new genus and a new species, Binodacarus brasiliensis n. gen. n. sp.; two correspond to new species of known genera, Multidentorhodacarus paulista n. sp. and Rhodacarus matatlanticae n. sp.; and two correspond to described species, Afrogamasellus citri Loots and Protogamasellopsis dioscorus (Manson). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1950, Lineu Prestes, the then mayor of Sao Paulo, commissioned the International Basic Economy Corporation (IBEC), a commercial corporation headquartered in New York and owned by Nelson Rockefeller, to draw up a detailed report concerning the general planning of public works for the municipality of Sao Paulo. The urban planner Robert Moses was appointed Director of Studies and another 10 advisors were appointed to work in the 'Program of Public Improvements'. The improvement plan for Sao Paulo was not an isolated initiative among those developed by IBEC, but it was very different from the other planning studies that had been conducted to date in that it was actually a consultative assignment. While performing technical studies, IBEC also identified opportunities for American companies to operate in Brazil; hence, the plan aroused great controversy. This paper seeks to establish how the Program emerged from the political and economic context of the post-Second World War period in relation to Nelson Rockefeller's activities in Latin America and Brazil, and it seeks to analyse, from the point of view of urban planning, the role played by the Program in the planning and development of the city of Sao Paulo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intersectional analysis of police lethality in the city of Sao Paulo. We deploy the concept of geography of death to investigate the multi-layered aspects of state-sanctioned lethal violence perpetrated by, but not limited to, the police force. This entails a consideration of at least three types of factor: actual violent acts, their symbolic dimensions and the historical and structural conditions within which violence emerges. Based on official data from the Brazilian state we argue that there is a perverse correlation between vulnerability to death and new racial formations, as they intersect with social class, age, gender, and place. Thus, the distinctive social geographies of Sao Paulo not only provide the context, but also define the very nature, frequency and experience of police violence. Ultimately, we argue, police lethality is a manifestation of the police and the state's complicity in reproducing boundaries of privilege and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]