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The brain's sensory lateralization involves the processing of information from the sensory organs primarily in one hemisphere. This can improve brain efficiency by reducing interference and duplication of neural circuits. For species that rely on successful interaction among family partners, such as geese, lateralization can be advantageous. However, at the group level, one-sided biases in sensory lateralization can make individuals predictable to competitors and predators. We investigated lateral preferences in the positioning of pair mates of Greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons albifrons. Using GPS-GSM trackers, we monitored individual geese in flight throughout the year. Our findings indicate that geese exhibit individual lateral biases when viewing their mate in flight, but the direction of these biases varies among individuals. We suggest that these patterns of visual lateralization could be an adaptive trait for the species with long-term social monogamy, high levels of interspecies communication and competition, and high levels of predator and hunting pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and evaluate feasibility of a program for family and professional caregivers to identify and manage apathy in people with dementia: the Shared Action for Breaking through Apathy program (SABA). A theory- and practice-based intervention was developed and tested among ten persons with apathy and dementia in two Dutch nursing homes from 2019 to 2021. Feasibility was evaluated with interviews with family caregivers (n = 7) and professional caregivers (n = 4) and two multidisciplinary focus groups with professional caregivers (n = 5 and n = 6). SABA was found feasible for identifying and managing apathy. Caregivers mentioned increased knowledge and awareness regarding recognizing apathy and its impact on their relationship with the person with apathy. They experienced increased skills to manage apathy, a greater focus on small-scale activities and increased appreciation of small moments of success. The content, form and accessibility of the program's materials were considered facilitating by all stakeholders, as was the compatibility of the procedures with the usual way of working. The expertise and involvement of stakeholders, staff stability and the support of an ambassador and/or manager were facilitating, while insufficient collaboration was a barrier. Organizational and external aspects like not prioritizing apathy, staff discontinuity, and the Covid-19 pandemic were perceived as barriers. A stimulating physical environment with small-scale living rooms, and access to supplies for activities were considered facilitating. SABA empowers family and professional caregivers to successfully identify and manage apathy. For implementation, it is important to take into account the facilitators and barriers resulting from our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on intellectual humility has grown, but little work has explored its role in moral decisions. Building on recent work on the Veil of Ignorance, we randomly assigned some participants to imagine being part of an existentially-threatening situation that could possibly lead to the greater good for society (i.e. The Human Challenge Experiments [HCE]). We predicted that informing participants that they might be part of such a study (i.e. the veil of ignorance [VOI]) would reduce HCE support, and that this would be amplified among intellectually humble participants. A preregistered study (N = 1,032) drawn from three samples, including participants from the United States (n = 346), the Netherlands (n = 340), and Hong Kong (n = 346), confirmed our hypothesis. In addition, this effect was pronounced for those high in intellectual humility. This work offers a novel contribution by examining the role of intellectual humility in existentially-relevant moral decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present three studies to examine intellectual humility (IH) contextualized to existential challenges across cultures. With samples (N = 1714) drawn from three regions (United States, Hong Kong, Netherlands), we explore the benefits and drawbacks of various configurations of IH and commitment to beliefs. In two studies, we created a measure of IH contextualized to existential concerns (Study 1; N = 344 adults in the U.S.), replicated its factor structure, and identified distinct profiles of belief commitment and IH (Study 2; N = 340 adults in the U.S.). Then, in our primary study (Study 3; N = 1030 adults from the U.S., Netherlands, and Hong Kong), we examined evidence for the cultural generalizability of the measure and profiles. Implications for future research on the measurement of IH, its manifestation across cultures, and its relevance to the existential domain are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work-based learning depends on patients' consent to have trainees involved in their care. However, patients can refuse trainees, which might lead to the loss of learning experiences. Improved understanding of patients' views on consulting trainees may provide useful insights to further optimise learning for trainees. We performed a qualitative study with 28 patients in The Netherlands. Participants were recruited from GP practices, and were purposively sampled on (un)willingness to consult GP trainees. In semi-structured interviews patients' perspectives and willingness to consult a trainee were explored. Transcripts were thematically analysed using an inductive approach. Two themes explained patients' views on consulting GP trainees: Presenting complaint-driven preferences and Trust in trainees' capabilities. Patients select their doctor based on complaint-driven preferences and chose trainees if they fulfilled these preferences. For urgent, gender-specific and minor complaints, patients prefer timeliness, gender concordance or availability. Patients with more complex, long-term problems prefer to consult a trusted doctor with whom they have a longitudinal relationship. Through repeated visits and empathic behaviour trainees can become this doctor. Before patients consider consulting a trainee, they need to have trust in the trainee's capabilities. This trust is related to the basic trust patients have in the education of the trainee, their knowledge about trainees' capabilities and supervisory arrangements. Patients' decision to visit a trainee is fluid. Patients will visit a trainee when their complaint-driven preferences are satisfied. Influencing trainees' fulfilment of these preferences and patients' trust in trainees can make patients more willing to consult trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although alcoholic Korsakoff patients show profound cognitive impairments (including amnesia), intellectual function has typically been assumed to be preserved. Based on more recent models on intelligence, however, it can be hypothesized that although preserved verbal or crystallized abilities may be expected in Korsakoff patients, fluid reasoning may be significantly reduced. Aim of this study was to gain insight in intelligence profiles of patients with alcohol-related cognitive disorders with and without Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). Method: Test performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) and the National Adult Reading Test (NART) was assessed in 34 patients diagnosed with KS, 40 patients with chronic alcohol-related cognitive disorder without Korsakoff's syndrome (ALC), and 47 non-alcoholic psychiatric controls (non-ALC). Results: Analysis revealed significant lower WAIS-IV Full-Scale IQ scores compared to the estimated premorbid NART-IQ in both groups with alcohol-related cognitive disorders (KS and ALC). With respect to the index scores, KS patients performed worse than non-ALC patients on the Perceptual Reasoning and Processing Speed Indices. Performance on the Verbal Comprehension and Working Memory Indices did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Not all aspects of intelligence are preserved in Korsakoff's syndrome and implications of assessment of intellectual function in patients with alcohol-use disorder are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although an increasing number of studies emphasise migrants' knowledge about their healthcare rights as crucial for their healthcare usage, almost none examine the conditions under which migrants acquire this knowledge. This study contributes to the literature by studying the main determinants of migrants' knowledge about their healthcare rights: Self-interest and necessity, human capital, and social capital. I use unique data collected through the project Migrants' Welfare State Attitudes (MIFARE), where we surveyed 10 different migrant groups within Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany on their relation to the welfare state, including healthcare. Analysing a total sample of 6,864 migrants using multinomial logistic regression analyses I find that migrants' knowledge about their healthcare rights depends mainly on their education and language skills. Both factors enable migrants to grasp health-related information and to become informed about their healthcare rights. I also observe a network effect since healthcare experiences of family members contribute to migrants' healthcare knowledge. Social ties to the co-ethnic community, however, do not explain why some migrants know more about their healthcare rights than others. Lastly, I find large differences between migrant groups, which remain even after controlling for all relevant factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflective career conversations are a necessary instrument in the career guidance of students in vocational education. These conversations help students to learn from their (work) experiences and gain a better understanding of their motives on the labour market. Research shows that in a society in which change seems to become the only constant factor, knowing one’s own motives in work is important. However, the introduction and implementation of reflective career conversations in Dutch vocational education is problematic. In this article, we introduce the concept of ‘routines’ to better understand the nature of these problems. The concept ‘routine’ allows us to understand in much more detail what is required to induce the necessary behavioural changes that are required from teachers, students and management. Recognition of the complexity of this process and the willingness to invest are necessary prerequisites to prevent reflective career conversations from becoming the next ‘trick’ or ‘trendy innovation’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives.The present study examined whether the relation of parental solicitation, parental control, and child disclosure with adolescent alcohol and cannabis use is similar for native and non-Western immigrant Dutch adolescents. Design.Questionnaire data from two study-samples were used with a combined sample of 705 adolescents (mean age 16.2 years; 47.2% female; 25.2% non-Western immigrant background). Results.Native Dutch adolescents reported more weekly alcohol use than immigrant adolescents, while rates of cannabis use by native and immigrant adolescents were similar. Immigrant females reported lower levels of parental solicitation and child disclosure, but higher levels of parental control than native females. There were no differences in the sources of parental knowledge between native and immigrant males. Regression analyses showed no significant interaction effects of parental solicitation, parental control, or child disclosure with ethnic background for both alcohol and cannabis use (allpvalues > .05). Conclusion.Despite mean level differences in various factors, we did not find evidence of an interaction effect of the sources of parental knowledge with ethnic background on alcohol and cannabis use. This suggests that theories and prevention strategies focusing on these sources of parental knowledge in relation to substance use can be applicable to both native and immigrant Dutch adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine how experiential knowledge is used in areas such as mental health care and youth policy and how it relates to the dominant form of knowledge that underpins these policy areas, ‘expert knowledge’. Experiential knowledge is sometimes considered a resource that helps people in vulnerable situations respond to uncertain futures. Although frequently undervalued, experiential knowledge is involved in multifaceted responses to situations imbued with uncertainty. In this article, we examine the nature of experiential knowledge as a resource and develop a typology of experiential knowledge drawing on existing studies. Experiential knowledge is not merely ‘lay beliefs and fallacies’ that holders of expert knowledge should be aware of so that they can better implement top-down strategies; it reflects lived experiences that are difficult for outsiders to capture. In the Netherlands, the rise of lived experience as a resource for intervention was born through the critique of the hegemonic power of ‘expert knowledge’ and as policymakers recognised the potential contribution of ‘experiential experts’ in shaping responses to situations characterised by high uncertainty. In such situations policymakers can draw on insights into the experience of usually silent stakeholders: people deemed at risk. In this article, we also highlight tensions related to these particular multifaceted responses, suggesting that experiential knowledge is viewed with ambivalence by some other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Language barriers may lead to poorer healthcare services for patients who do not speak the same language as their care provider. Despite the benefits of professional interpreters, care providers tend to underuse professional interpretation. Evidence suggests that students who received training on language barriers and interpreter use are more likely to utilize interpretation services. Aims: We developed an e-learning module for medical students on using professional interpreters during the medical interview, and evaluated its effects on students' knowledge and self-efficacy. Methods: In the e-learning module, three patient-physician-interpreter video vignettes were presented, with three different types of interpreters: a family member, an untrained bilingual staff member, and a professional interpreter. The students answered two questions about each vignette, followed by feedback which compared their responses with expert information. In total, 281 fourth-year medical students took the e-learning module during the academic year 2012-2013. We assessed their knowledge and self-efficacy in interpreter use pre- and post-test on 1 (lowest) - 10 (highest) scale, and analysed the differences in mean scores using paired t-tests. Results: Upon completing the e-learning module, students reported higher self-efficacy in using professional interpretation. The mean knowledge score on the pre-test was 5.5 (95% confidence interval 5.3-5.8), but on the post-test this increased to 8.4 (95% CI 8.2-8.6). The difference was highly significant ( p < 0.001). For self-efficacy, the mean score on the pre-test was 4.9 (95% CI 4.7-5.1), and on the post-test 7.0 (95% CI 6.8-7.1); p < 0.001. Conclusion: This e-learning module improved students' knowledge and self-efficacy in using professional interpreters during the medical interview. Using such tools in medical curricula might encourage future doctors to use professional interpretation services to overcome language barriers, thereby potentially contributing to equitable healthcare services for a linguistically diverse patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Despite the centrality of time to the aging process, the well-being consequences of different temporal orientations for optimal aging are poorly understood. We investigate one underexamined area of temporal orientation, namely a balanced time perspective, in a large, lifespan sample from the Netherlands. Method: Participants consisted of 512 Dutch adults ranging in age from 17 to 92 years (Mage = 46.46, SD = 21.37), including 186 male and 326 females. Participants completed a measure of balanced time perspective, mental health, and wisdom. Results: Results indicated that a balanced time perspective uniquely predicted both mental health and wisdom even after controlling for demographic, physical health, and personality variables. Younger adults tended to be more future-oriented relative to older adults while older adults tended to be more past-oriented relative to younger adults. Further, both midlife and younger adults were more likely to have a balanced time perspective relative to older adults. Conclusion: A balanced time perspective is associated with higher well-being and wisdom across the adult age span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In studies exploring the patient mixes of general practitioner (GP) trainees, gaps were repeatedly found, as there were disparities between the patient mixes of GP trainers and trainees. This reduces the opportunities of trainees to acquire enough competence. Aims: To investigate whether steering the patient mix can be effectuated by instructing medical receptionist, trainer and trainee, and to study the effects of this intervention on trainee's self-efficacy (SE) and knowledge. Method: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). After a six-month basic registration period, 73 trainees were randomized. Patients with skin conditions and psychosocial conditions were actively assigned to trainees in the intervention group ( n = 35) during two successive periods of three months. The patient mix was measured by extracting data from electronic patient records. Learning outcomes were measured by SE questionnaires and by a knowledge test. Results: No increase was found in patient volume and diversity of the steered conditions in the intervention group as compared to the control group. However, the percentual increase of exposure to skin conditions was greater in the intervention group. No difference in skin SE and psychiatric knowledge was found. The increase of psychosocial SE was greater in the intervention group. In a regression analysis, patient volume was a significant predictor of both skin and psychosocial SE. Conclusions: Despite the difficulty in implementing steering in daily practice, tailoring the patient mix to the individual learning needs of trainees could be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychomotor therapy for children with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) often is aimed at improving body experiences. If children are able to recognise their bodily signals, they will be able to regulate emotions better and act more adequately. Because little is known about body experience in children with intellectual disabilities and externalising behaviour, the aim of this study was to shed more light on this topic. Thirty-one children with intellectual disabilities, aged eight to 12 years (M = 9.9, SD = 1.3) participated in this study. The PsyMot diagnostic procedure and the Body Experience Questionnaire for Children were used to measure body experience. In 41% of the cases problems in body experience were found. Children with ID and externalising disorders showed significant more problems in body experience than children with ID-only. Movement interventions aimed at improving body experience seem particularly relevant for these children, as they support the development of emotion regulation abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study that present data on GP teachers' pedagogical and context knowledge. There was considerable overlap between different GP teachers' knowledge and beliefs about learners and the clinical learning environment. The teachers' beliefs about learners were largely based on assumptions derived from their own student experiences. There were stark differences, however, between teachers in terms of pedagogical knowledge, particularly in terms of their teaching orientations.

In this study, we investigate whether personality traits contribute towards a better understanding of the reasons for the gender wage gap. We explore whether two of the personality factors put forward by Bowles et al. (2001) as likely to be incentive enhancing in the employer-employee relationship can explain the difference in wages for women and men. These are (1) personal self efficacy (Locus of Control (LoC)) and (2) time preference. We also study the role of the so called Big Five personality traits (extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, openness intellect and conscientiousness), which have been associated with earnings in several recent studies. Using a sample of Dutch employees, we found that 11.5% of the observed gender wage gap could be ascribed to differences in the personality trait scores (mainly in agreeableness and intellect), while less than 0.5% could be ascribed to gender differences in the returns to the traits. The addition of personality traits to a traditional human capital model reduces the unexplained part of the gender wage gap from 75.2% to 62.7%. We therefore conclude that these traits represent a valuable addition to the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This 2006 study investigated ethnicity-related factors contributing to sub-standard maternity care and the effects on severe maternal morbidity among immigrant women in the Netherlands. In-depth interviews were carried out with 40 immigrant and 10 native Dutch women. The immigrant women reported that health care providers often paid insufficient attention to their pregnancy-related complaints, especially in cases of pre-eclampsia. They also reported delays in receiving information about diagnosis and treatment. Obstetricians who reviewed 20 of these cases judged sub-standard care to have played a role in the development of complications in 16 of them. The women themselves had problems identifying medically significant complications, presenting their complaints to health care providers effectively, and taking an active role as patients. Even highly educated migrant women showed low health literacy skills in their interaction with doctors. Patients' perspectives are valuable as one of the tools to evaluate the quality of maternity care. Communication by maternal health professionals can be improved through more sensitivity to social factors that affect immigrant women's health problems. Women with limited health literacy should be empowered through education about danger signs in pregnancy and information about preferences and policies in obstetrics in the Netherlands. They should also be invited to participate in medical decision-making. Cette étude de 2006 s'est penchée sur les facteurs liés à l'ethnicité qui contribuent à des soins obstétricaux inférieurs à la norme et les conséquences sur la morbidité maternelle sévère chez les immigrantes aux Pays-Bas. Des entretiens approfondis ont été menés avec 40 immigrantes et 10 Néerlandaises de souche. Les immigrantes ont indiqué que, souvent, les prestataires de soins de santé n'accordaient pas suffisamment d'attention à leurs problèmes liés à la grossesse, en particulier dans les cas de pré-éclampsie. Elles ont aussi parlé de retards pour recevoir l'information sur le diagnostic et le traitement. Les obstétriciens qui ont examiné 20 des cas ont jugé que les soins inférieurs avaient joué un rôle dans l'apparition de complications dans 16 d'entre eux. Les femmes elles-mêmes peinaient à identifier des complications médicalement significatives, à présenter efficacement leurs doléances aux prestataires de santé et à jouer un rôle actif comme patientes. Même des migrantes très instruites se montraient peu informées en matière de santé dans leurs interactions avec les médecins. La perspective des patientes est précieuse comme l'un des outils d'évaluation de la qualité des soins obstétricaux. Les professionnels de la santé maternelle peuvent améliorer leur communication en étant plus sensibles aux facteurs sociaux qui touchent les problèmes de santé des immigrantes. Les femmes peu au fait des questions de santé devraient apprendre à reconnaître les signes de danger pendant la grossesse et être informées des préférences et des politiques obstétricales aux Pays-Bas. Elles devraient aussi être invitées à participer aux décisions médicales. En este estudio realizado en 2006 se investigaron los factores relacionados con etnia que contribuyen a la atención obstétrica de calidad inferior y a los efectos en morbilidad materna grave entre mujeres inmigrantes en Holanda. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad con 40 mujeres inmigrantes y 10 holandesas. Las inmigrantes informaron que los profesionales de la salud a menudo prestaban insuficiente atención a sus quejas referentes al embarazo, especialmente en casos de preeclampsia. Además, hablaron de demoras en recibir información sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Los obstetras que revisaron 20 de estos casos determinaron que la atención de calidad inferior contribuyó al desarrollo de complicaciones en 16 de ellos. Las mujeres tuvieron problemas identificando complicaciones de significancia médica, presentando sus quejas eficazmente al personal de salud y asumiendo un rol activo como pacientes. Incluso las inmigrantes muy cultas demostraron un bajo nivel de comprensión sobre la salud en su interacción con los médicos. Las perspectivas de las pacientes son valiosas como una de las herramientas para evaluar la calidad de la atención obstétrica. La comunicación por parte de los profesionales obstétricos puede mejorarse mediante una mayor sensibilidad a los factores sociales que afectan los problemas de salud de las inmigrantes. Las mujeres con limitada comprensión de la salud deben ser empoderadas con educación sobre los signos de alarma en el embarazo y con información sobre las preferencias y políticas de obstetricia en Holanda. Además, se recomienda invitarlas a participar en la toma de decisiones médicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his seminal work The New Social Question, Pierre Rosanvallon reflects upon the impact of increasing knowledge about risks on solidarity (see Rosanvallon, 2000). He argues that increasing knowledge about social risks might hollow out the principle of solidarity. Although Rosanvallon's thesis has received significant scholarly attention, it hardly has been empirically tested. This article tries to fill this gap. It sets out to assess the impact of increasing knowledge about social risks on modern welfare states. It focuses on developments in the fields of pensions, health insurances, and unemployment insurances in the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of a new law passed in The Netherlands, in 2002, an increasing number of children with profound and multiple learning difficulties will attend school. The complexity of the target group requires appropriate assessment that is focused on programme planning. A new instrument, the Checklist of child characteristics, has been developed for this purpose. This paper demonstrates how the scores on the checklist can be transformed into support profiles. It then discusses the results of a validity assessment conducted on support profiles that were compiled for 32 pupils. These results suggest that the instrument is valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the discrimination against women in the Netherlands using J.F. Dovidio and S.L. Gaertner's investigatory design and a sample of 56 male university sophomores. Dovidio and Gaertner conducted a study in which the participants were each paired with a male or female partner in a subordinate or supervisory role who had higher or lower ability than they did. The results of Dovidio and Gaertner's written questionnaire indicated that the participants considered the high-ability female partners to be as intelligent as they were, but the high-ability male partners as more intelligent. Dovidio and Gaertner's observations indicated that a woman in a subordinate role received help more often than a woman in a supervisory role did. Also, the high-ability women did not receive help any more often than the low-ability women did. Because blatant prejudice is usually regarded in the Netherlands as socially unacceptable, authors expected that the answers to the questionnaire would contain little evidence of stereotyping. The only evidence of stereotyping was that a female partner was judged to be more feminine than a male partner.