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Social reactions to disclosure of sexual victimization play an important role in the process of recovery. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of online disclosure of sexual victimization. The sample for this qualitative study (n = 17) focused on participants who shared their experiences with disclosing about their sexual victimization online and the reactions received in these spaces. Using applied thematic analysis, the research team identified three major themes from the data, each with respective subthemes, including helpful, harmful, and mixed reactions to online disclosure. Findings highlighted the nuances of disclosing online and the diverse reactions that were received. Participants provided in-depth descriptions of not only how the disclosure experience and resulting reactions could be helpful or harmful but also nuanced, mixed, and simultaneously harmful and helpful. This data is a crucial reminder that survivors' stories are unique and that survivors experience many varying motivations for choosing if, when, where, to whom, or for whom they may disclose. The findings may help inform clinical recommendations for mental health practitioners working with survivors of sexual victimization and holding therapeutic space to process these decisions of disclosure. Future researchers should also consider further studying online interactions, especially within and between survivors, including when and how survivors choose to connect or disconnect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incarcerated women, in comparison to nonincarcerated women, are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and many have experienced interpersonal violence. The psychological construct of emotional dysregulation—which includes heightened intensity of emotions, poor understanding of emotions, negative reactivity to emotion state, inability to control behaviors when experiencing emotional distress, and maladaptive emotion management responses—is a possible pathway to explain the link between interpersonal violence exposure and STI risk. The present study examined maladaptive emotion management responses for emotional dysregulation (i.e., avoidance and numbing, and dissociation) occurring in the context of risky sexual behavior. We collected qualitative data from 4 focus groups with a sample of n = 21 incarcerated women (aged 18+ years) from urban facilities in New England. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Findings indicated that incarcerated women reported engaging in a variety of maladaptive responses for emotion management during sexual encounters. These maladaptive responses for emotion management appear to increase sexual risk behaviors and alter women’s ability to implement STI protective behaviors, such as sexual negotiation and condom use. Preventive interventions to reduce sexual risk behaviors should incorporate strategies to promote emotional regulation among incarcerated women with histories of interpersonal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music therapy has growing evidence for its effectiveness in mental health. People with mental health conditions often face significant barriers in obtaining personal valued social roles and feeling a sense of belonging to their community. Overcoming these barriers is an important step in the recovery process. This pilot study investigated whether long-term group music therapy might have an impact on participants' social skill development, group cohesion and expression of emotional states. The study was an exploratory, retrospective, quantitative, longitudinal single-case study (N = 8). Five video recorded sessions were selected and micro-analyzed by independent raters, who rated the Group Environmental Scale (n = 8) and Individual Behavior Observation Categorization scale (n = 4). Statistical analysis was carried out to identify trends over time. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04435405). A longitudinal improvement was found in the group domains of Relationship (1.6-fold), Personal growth (1.9-fold) and System maintenance (1.5-fold) along the 9-month follow-up period. On the individual level, an improvement was found over time in social skills and group cohesion (4.85-fold), affect (3.15-fold), and musical activities performances (19.9-fold). The study demonstrated longitudinal improvement trends in social skills, group cohesion and expression of emotional states (affect) in the group as a whole and in each of the four individual assessments. Future studies which will include a larger sample and longer follow-up periods are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of child and adolescent counseling research is now. The call for more rigorous research designs while maintaining the humanity of the participants is critical to understanding what works and for whom. In this best practices for research report, we outlined how to plan meaningful, quality research that is grounded in current literature and best serves children and adolescents. Further, we noted substantial ways to counter racist research practices and elevate rigor of design and scholarly production. We aim for this report to serve as a call to action for conducting eminent child and adolescent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors measured the impact of educational efforts on the number of college students who received meningococcal vaccine. First-year Brown University students from the classes of 2004 (n = 1,562) and 2005 (n = 1,518) received educational vaccine materials before they arrived on campus, whereas students from the class of 2003 (n = 1,441) did not. Students in the class of 2003, 13% (n = 184) of whom had received vaccine before their arrival on campus, served as the baseline. These educational efforts by the college health services before students arrived on campus increased the number of students immunized before campus arrival to 46% (n = 724) for the class of 2004, and 60% (n = 913) for the class of 2005. Education about the benefits of meningococcal vaccine before students' arrival on campus increased both the number of immunized students and the overall immunization rate among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical education research focused on patient-centered outcomes holds the promise of improved decision-making by medical educators. In 2001, Prystowsky and Bordage demonstrated that patient-centered outcomes were evaluated in fewer than one percent of studies published in a survey of major medical education journals. Though many have called for increased inclusion of patient-centered outcomes in medical education literature, it remains uncertain to what degree this need has been addressed systematically. Using the same data sources as in the original report (Academic Medicine, Medical Education, and Teaching and Learning in Medicine), we sought to replicate Prystowsky and Bordage's study. We extracted data from original empirical research reports from these three journal sources for the years 2014–2016. We selected 652 articles that met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. Study participants were largely trainees (64% of studies) or faculty (25% of studies). Only 2% of studies included patients as active or passive participants. Study outcomes reported were satisfaction (40% of studies), performance (39%), professionalism (20%), and cost (1%). These results do not differ significantly from the original 2001 study. The medical education literature as represented in these three prominent journals has made little progress in placing a greater focus on patient-centered outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has begun to delve into Jewish responses to evolution as one component of a more general rise in interest in the study of religious engagement with Darwinism. This attention is due to a number of factors including revisions to the history of Christian anti-evolutionism, understanding the need to expand research beyond Christianity, and mounting awareness of anti-evolutionism as a growing global phenomenon The current article focuses on American Modern Orthodoxy (AMO) and describes how the Darwin debates have manifested in this particular community at the end of the twentieth century and into the 21st. AMO has a complicated legacy regarding evolution. Accommodationist perspectives from AMO rabbis dominated the first half of the twentieth century; however, more negative rejectionist positions on the part of some religious scientists came to the fore in the 1960s and 1970s. This mixed-bag of heritage led the1980s and onwards to be a period of ambiguity and ambivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual prejudice toward men who have sex with men (MSM) is a pressing concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Given the high HIV infection risk among this population, sexual prejudice perpetuated by healthcare providers, affects access to and willingness of MSM to seek HIV care services. However, data on healthcare providers' attitudes towards MSM in SSA are limited, and there are no locally-adapted measures of sexual prejudice. We adapted a scale to measure sexual prejudice with a sample of 147 healthcare providers in western Kenya. Results from exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency with Cronbach's α = 0.91. Healthcare providers who had prior interpersonal contact with MSM, had ever been trained on counselling MSM, and had higher knowledge about MSM health needs reported lower sexual prejudice scores, compared with peers who lacked these experiences (p < 0.001). In contrast, healthcare providers who had experienced secondary stigma (negative judgments from peers and community) for providing care to MSM reported higher scores of sexual prejudice scale (p < 0.001) compared with providers who had not experienced secondary stigma. The scale provides a contextualised tool to assess healthcare providers' attitudes toward MSM in Kenya and countries in SSA with similar cultural norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children in congregate foster care are at great risk for behavioral manifestations resultant from trauma. This pilot study explores sensory processing patterns among 41 youth living in congregate foster care. A retrospective chart review was utilized to explore Sensory Profile data of children in two age groups. 88% of the child sample, and 92% of the adolescent group, showed atypical sensory processing. Preliminary evidence suggests an association between sensory processing patterns and constructs of attention, social emotional functioning and conduct. Understanding patterns of sensory processing can inform strategies for self-regulation and environmental adaptations to support participation in everyday activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ameliorate the public health problem of adolescent suicide, it is imperative to go beyond simply establishing which factors increase risk. Multiple factors often interact in such a way that escalates suicide risk, and some combinations may be particularly perilous. Therefore, it is essential to examine the sequence and interplay of these various contributors to understand how they interact to confer risk. To enhance our understanding of this process, we used qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents who had recently made a suicide attempt to investigate the factors that contributed to their attempts. In this qualitative analysis we 1) identified 16 separate factors that contributed to their suicide attempts, and 2) focused on the sequence and interplay between these factors in order to better understand why adolescents attempt suicide, with specific attention to which factors facilitated the transition from suicide ideation to action. Findings demonstrated that the strain caused by historical, sociocultural, and interpersonal factors alone was not enough to result in adolescents attempting suicide. For all but two participants, it was the interaction of intrapersonal factors that appeared to distort cognitions and/or elevate emotions to the point where they became intolerable and suicide became a viable option. These intrapersonal factors appeared to be the catalyst in the process from suicide ideation to action. Our findings suggest the need for specific strategies that address cognitive distortions, emotion dysregulation, and feelings of invalidation and entrapment as potential targets for interventions and prevention practices with adolescents at risk for suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better engage our graduate students, we asked them to describe their research strategy and challenges, helpful research support services, and their preferred venue for learning research skills. We conducted a thematic analysis and found that participants' top reported research strategies included "Research Topic Development" and "Literature Review," while their challenges cited "Finding and Evaluating Information" and "Access Issues." The students mentioned "Library Databases" most frequently as helpful and websites were their most preferred learning venue. We found evidence that discipline-specific library instruction may be more relevant than large, in-person orientations and discovered a concerning trend of situational challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Leadership Alliance is a national academic consortium currently comprising 32 academic institutions including Ivy League and major-research and minority-serving institutions, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). For 2 decades these institutions have worked collaboratively to train, mentor, and support underrepresented minority students from undergraduate through advanced graduate training programs. Effectively bridging the research capacity of Ivy League and leading research institutions with minority talent at HBCUs and minority-serving institutions, the Alliance has leveraged its long-standing partnership to develop and implement the Summer Research Early Identification Program (SR-EIP) and the Leadership Alliance National Symposium (LANS), proven programs for diversifying the pipeline of scholars. The objectives of this descriptive study are to demonstrate (a) the impact of these programs on student participants' undergraduate learning experience, and (b) the subsequent academic and career outcomes that occur for program participants. Discussion of the data sources and analysis approaches used in this study follow a description of the SR-EIP/LANS program participants. The outcome data demonstrate that the Alliance has become a nationally established pipeline program that successfully mentors underrepresented students along the entire academic pathway to produce scholars and researchers poised to contribute to a competitive 21st-century workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses a research study on nickel nanoparticles. It references a study published in "Toxicological Sciences" journals where Brown University researchers exposed to nanoscale particles of nickel oxide and metallic nickel, the human lung cells and found that smaller nickel particles are setting off hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) -1 alpha pathways. Findings indicated that nanoparticles of metallic nickel have potentials to cause cancer and are more harmful than microscale particles.

HIV testing benefits those who test positive, allowing them to receive treatment, but the benefits for those who test negative remain controversial. We evaluated the impact of testing on HIV knowledge and sexual risk among men in South Africa. Men were recruited from townships outside Cape Town and completed a survey that assessed testing history, knowledge, and sexual behaviours. Among the 820 participants, 516 (63%) reported being tested (82% tested negative, 6% tested positive, and 12% unknown). Compared to those who had never been tested for HIV, men who tested for HIV were more knowledgeable about HIV transmission, but did not differ on sexual risk behaviour. Knowledge moderated the effect of testing on sexual risk such that men reported fewer sexual partners (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98) and fewer unprotected anal sex events (IRR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66, 1.00) if they had been tested for HIV and were knowledgeable about HIV transmission. For men testing HIV-negative, knowledge predicted fewer sexual risk behaviours. Previous HIV testing is associated with enhanced knowledge, which moderates sexual risk behaviour among South African men living in Cape Town. Results suggest that HIV testing may increase knowledge and lead to reductions in sexual risk even when results are negative. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Some Sesotho nouns may be used without a noun prefix (a phenomenon we refer to as null noun class prefix). There are several studies that deal with this phenomenon in relation to language acquisition (Kunene, 1979; Suzman, 1980; Connelly, 1984; Tsonope, 1987; Demuth, 1988 and Ziesler& Demuth, 1995). Machobane (2003) deals with this phenomenon in Sesotho, paying attention to the determiner phrase (DP) structure. She argues that in some Bantu languages the noun prefix is the head of DP, while in others a phonologically empty D is the head. This difference leads to parametric variations in DP structures. This article explores phonological, morphological, semantic, syntactic and discourse factors that contribute to the null prefix phenomenon. It shows that phonologically null prefixes are associated with the consonants [l], [s] and [d], which are [+coronal]. The prefixes with the consonants [m] and [b], which have the feature [-coronal], do not allow null prefixes (except in the case of class 14). Morphologically, the nouns that have an agreement which is identical to the noun prefix, allow a null prefix, while the ones that have an agreement prefix which is not identical with the noun prefix, do not (except for class 2). Syntactically, a null prefix is possible where there is agreement in the form of the subject verb agreement, noun modifier or copulative complement. At a discourse level, a null prefix appears when a noun expresses given/old information or is salient in the discourse context. However, none of the suggested explanations can account for a null prefix on its own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), a gout-specific HRQoL measure.Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, observational survey of patients with gout recruited from the Taipei Medical University Hospital from November 2017 to April 2018. The respondents were recruited by convenience sampling. The reliability of the Chinese GIS was tested by Cronbach's α coefficient and adjusted using the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula. Content validity was assessed and confirmed by rheumatologists and pharmacists before the administration of the survey. Convergent validity was tested by Spearman correlation analysis to examine the association of the EQ-5D-5L with GIS total and subscale scores. Construct validity of the Chinese GIS was assessed by hypothesis testing.Results: A total of 311 patients were included in the analysis. The majority of these respondents were male (93.2%) with no comorbidities (69.5%) and they had a mean age of 52.9 (±14.2) years. The internal consistency of the Chinese GIS subscales was acceptable to excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.73-0.98) after adjusting to a 10 item scale with the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula. The GIS total and subscale scores were significantly associated with lower EQ-5D-5L scores ([-0.14] - [-0.27], p < .05). In addition, the GIS total and all subscale scores had a significant positive correlation with gout attack severity (rs = 0.13-0.57, p < .05) and gout attack pain (rs = 0.17-0.54, p < .01). Moreover, respondents' most recent sUA concentration was associated with both the GIS gout concern overall subscale (rs = 0.13, p < .05) and the unmet gout treatment need subscale (rs = 0.18, p < .01).Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the Chinese version of the GIS shows good internal consistency and association with gout-related characteristics. Future studies may consider using this gout-specific instrument to assess the HRQoL of gout patients in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories regarding the long-term effects of educational interventions are often assumed, but rarely tested using experimental methods. In the following commentary, we argue that the shortage of randomized control trials with long-term follow-up presents serious problems for the field, as it hampers our ability to develop educational programs that produce long-lasting effects, and creates incentives for the research community to focus too much attention on short-run impacts. We presents steps that both researchers and funders could take to substantially improve the educational research literature by investing in educational experiments with long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I analyze the alternative tactics and logics of Las Fuertes, a feminist organization that has taken an "alegal" approach to realizing the human right to abortion in the conservative Mexican state of Guanajuato. Since a series of United Nations agreements throughout the 1990s enshrined reproductive rights as universal human rights, Mexican feminists have adopted the human rights platform as a lobbying tool to pressure the government to reform restrictive abortion laws. This strategy bore fruit in Mexico City, with passage of the historic 2007 abortion legalization. Las Fuertes has leveraged the human rights strategy differently - to justify the direct provision of local abortion accompaniment in a context of near-total abortion criminalization. By directly seizing abortion rights, rather than seeking to implement them through legalistic channels, Las Fuertes has effectively challenged Mexican reproductive governance in an adversarial political environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the cross-cultural comparability of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI: Morey, 1991) in Vietnam, employing a sample of 128 nonclinical Vietnamese native speakers and 53 bilingual Vietnamese/English speakers. The Vietnamese version demonstrated comparable internal consistency to that obtained in the original PAI US standardization sample, with Cronbach's αs ranging from.41 to.94 and similar trends in reliability across scales. Exploratory factor analysis yielded factors replicating components commonly obtained in prior studies of the PAI. Vietnamese-English bilingual subjects who completed both the Vietnamese adaption and the original PAI showed few differences in their responses across versions. The Vietnamese sample generally scored higher than the US standardization sample on the majority of PAI scales; however, none of these mean scores were elevated to levels of clinical significance. Covariance analyses suggested that a negative response style drove many of these differences, potentially indicating cultural differences in approaches to self-reporting emotional distress. Methodological limitations, potential mediating factors, and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we draw on two cases-one of the reproductive justice movements in the wake of the Latin American Zika epidemic, and one of an environmental justice movements spurred by an epidemic of chronic kidney disease among sugarcane workers-to argue for social justice as an "elastic" technology of epidemic control. In its compressed form, social justice simply refers to the fair distribution of medical goods. In its expanded form, it emphasizes the recognition and representation not just of medical problems, but of entangled histories of racial, gendered, and economic inequity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Though there are no research requirements to match into an orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship, many applicants are productive in research endeavors during residency. We hypothesize that the number of publications by Orthopaedic sports medicine applicants are increasing. Methods: A list of current and recent sports medicine fellows was compiled from publicly accessible information on sports medicine fellowship websites. Articles published while the fellow was a resident were identified via publicly available search engines. The following information was collected: year of fellowship and years of residency, fellowship program, geographic location of fellowship program, total number of publications (noting specifically first and last author publications), number of publications in high impact orthopaedic journals(AJSM, JBJS Am, JSES, or Arthroscopy). Results: Overall, 189 fellowship-matched surgeons from 2010 – 2017 were identified. There were 746 publications (average of 3.95 per fellow), with 218 (29.2%) in high impact orthopaedic journals. Surgeons who completed their fellowship during the 2016–17 academic year, published on average 5.42 publications per fellow. Fellowship applicants in the Northeast region had the highest number of total publications (359 publications, 48.1% of all publications; 6.41 publications per fellow). Applicants were listed most often as middle authors (462 publications, 61.9%). Conclusions: There has been an overall increase in the number of publications among sports medicine fellowship applicants in the last several academic years. Fellowship programs in the northeast United States tended to match applicants with a higher number of publications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: In an effort to decrease door-to-needle times for patients with acute ischemic stroke, some hospitals have begun taking stable EMS patients with suspected stroke directly from the ambulance to the CT scanner, then to an emergency department (ED) bed for evaluation. Minimal data exist regarding the potential for time savings with such a protocol. The study hypothesis was that a direct-to-CT protocol would be associated with decreases in both door-to-CT-ordered and door-to-needle times. Methods: An observational, multicenter before/after study was conducted of time/process measures at hospitals that have implemented direct-to-CT protocols for patients transported by EMS with suspected stroke. Participating hospitals submitted data on at least the last 50 "EMS stroke alert" patients before the launch of the direct-to-CT protocol, and at least the first 50 patients after. Time elements studied were arrival at the ED, time the head CT was ordered, and time tPA was started. Data were submitted in blinded fashion (patient and hospital identifiers removed); at the time of data analysis, the lead investigator was unaware of which data came from which hospital. Simple descriptive statistics were used, along with the Mann-Whitney test to compare time medians. Results: Seven hospitals contributed data on 1040 patients (529 "before" and 511 "after"); 512 were male, and 627 had final diagnoses of ischemic stroke, of whom 275 received tPA. The median door-to-CT-ordered time for all patients was 7 minutes in the before phase, and 4 minutes after (difference 3 minutes, p = < 0.0001); similarly, the median door-to-CTstarted time was 6 minutes "before" and 10 minutes after (p < 0.0001). The median door-to-needle time for all patients given tPA was 42 minutes before, and 44 minutes after (p = 0.78). Four hospitals had modest decreases in door-to-CT-ordered time (of 2, 4, 2, and 5minutes), and only one hospital had a decrease in door-to-needle time (32min vs 26 min, p = 0.012). Conclusions: In this sample from seven hospitals, a minimal reduction in door-to-CT-ordered and door-to-CTstarted time, but no change in door-to-needle time, was found for EMS patients with suspected stroke taken directly to the CT scanner, compared to those evaluated in the ED prior to CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need for validated measures of attention for use in longitudinal studies of older populations. We studied 249 participants aged 80 to 101 years using the population-based MOBILIZE Boston Study. Four subscales of the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) were included, measuring attention switching, selective, sustained and divided attention and a neuropsychological battery including validated measures of multiple cognitive domains measuring attention, executive function and memory. The TEA previously has not been validated in persons aged 80 and older. Among participants who completed the TEA, scores on other attentional measures strongly with TEA domains (R=.60-.70). Proportions of participants with incomplete TEA subscales ranged from 8% (selective attention) to 19% (attentional switching). Reasons for not completing TEA tests included failure to comprehend test instructions despite repetition and practice. These results demonstrate the challenges and potential value of the Test of Everyday Attention in studies of very old populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars, politicians, and policy-makers have increasingly pointed to the role of narratives in recruiting militants and justifying violence, highlighting the need for counter-narratives that promote peace. However, few have offered concrete guidelines on how to construct counter-narratives. This exploratory study uses prototype theory from social psychology to analyse Taliban narratives written in Arabic on the historical figure Maḥmūd of Ghaznī (971–1030), who is portrayed as a figure worthy of emulation. Key themes emerge from the Taliban’s narratives: potential ingroup members are defined as Sunni Muslims who are committed to jihad; deviant Muslims must become Sunnis; non-Muslims must be converted and humiliated; and Taliban leaders should emulate Maḥmūd of Ghaznī’s attributes. Contrasting the Taliban’s narratives of Maḥmūd of Ghaznī with the historical record reveals themes that are culled empirically around which counter-narratives could be constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background:Since 2010, many US medical schools have introduced the use of mobile technology into their curriculum. Preclinical use of mobile technologies has been well studied, but use in the clinical years has been less explored. Our objective was to identify the clinical uses and limitations of mobile technology in the clinical curriculum. Methods:Interviews were conducted with key personnel at seven U. S. medical schools who introduced iPad programs during the clinical years. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using a constant comparison technique. Results and recommendations:Eight “best practices” for introducing mobile technology in the clinical years were identified: (1) plan before implementation, (2) define focused goals, (3) establish a tablet “culture,” (4) recruit appropriate implementation team, (5) invest in training, (6) involve students in mentoring, (7) accept variable use, and (8) encourage innovation. Conclusions:There is growing interest in using mobile technology for teaching and learning in the clinical curriculum. Following the identified best practices may assist schools with the integration of the technology into the curriculum and better prepare medical students to handle the increasing use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To examine the efficacy of different methods (ie, in-class policy reading; in-class policy reading and discussion; no reading or discussion) to deliver campus sexual misconduct policy information to students on 7 campuses. Participants: A total of 1,195 participants at 7 colleges and universities participated in the study from August to October 2014. Participants were randomly assigned at the class level and completed pretest and posttest surveys assessing knowledge of campus policy and resources and confidence to seek help for sexual assault. Results: Students exposed to a larger dosage of material (in-class policy reading plus discussion) showed greater positive changes in attitudes and knowledge than students who did not receive information or were only read the policy. However, on some indices, students who were only read the policy showed positive outcomes compared with students receiving no intervention. Conclusion: Colleges and universities must use engaging methods to disseminate campus sexual misconduct policies to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The One Health (OH) concept, formerly referred to as 'One Medicine' in the later part of the 20th century, has gained exceptional popularity in the early 21st century, and numerous academic and non-academic institutions have developed One Health programs. Objectives: To summarize One Health training, research, and outreach activities originating in North America. Methods: We used data from extensive electronic records maintained by the One Health Commission (OHC) (www.onehealthcommission.org/) and the One Health Initiative (www.onehealthinitiative.com/) and from web-based searches, combined with the corporate knowledge of the authors and their professional contacts. Finally, a call was released to members of the OHC's Global One Health Community listserv, asking that they populate a Google document with information on One Health training, research, and outreach activities in North American academic and non-academic institutions. Results: A current snapshot of North American One Health training, research, and outreach activities as of August 2016 has evolved. Conclusions: It is clear that the One Health concept has gained considerable recognition during the first decade of the 21st century, with numerous current training and research activities carried out among North American academic, non-academic, government, corporate, and non-profit entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of mental health professionals with experience working in psychiatric hospitals regarding inpatient therapy programmes for adolescents. MethodsThe study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design. The research population included various mental healthcare professionals with experience working at psychiatric hospitals in the Eastern Cape. Purposive sampling was utilised and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Tesch's eight steps of data analysis were followed and Lincoln and Guba's model of trustworthiness was utilised. ResultsTwo main themes emerged from the research. The first considered the unique skills and contributions of mental healthcare professionals to an adolescent programme. The second theme acknowledged the need for adolescent therapy programmes to be holistically structured in order to be effective. ConclusionsThe findings showed that inter-professional collaboration is an important aspect of successful inpatient adolescent therapy programmes. Such programmes benefit from the involvement of a wide variety of professionals. However, professionals who are part of a multi-professional team need to be suitably skilled and prepared to meet the needs of the adolescent. Professionals working in therapy programmes for adolescents should have certain personal attributes that make them suitable for working with adolescents. An adolescent inpatient therapy programme requires a team leader or a coordinator to lead the programme to ensure its success. Continuous assessment of each adolescent is essential. Therapy should take place in an adolescent-friendly environment and should be structured yet flexible. The involvement of the adolescents’ families is critical, and the programme should be designed with the family in mind. Group therapy is a major component of an adolescent therapy programme and individual therapy is also an important aspect of the programme. Finally, adolescents should only take part in the programme for a short time to avoid institutionalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts on obstetrics and gynecology topics which include effect of day and night shifts on psychomotor vigilance, operating room specific curriculum for the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship, and depression and anxiety among obstetrics and gynecology residents.

Women involved in the criminal justice system, particularly those with a history of drug use, are at elevated risk of HIV infection, yet few HIV prevention interventions have been tailored for delivery to incarcerated women. Drawing on the Relational Model, theReducing Risky Relationships for HIV (RRR-HIV)intervention was developed and evaluated in a multisite randomized clinical trial. Women with weekly drug use prior to incarceration (n= 444) who were incarcerated within correctional institutions in four states were randomized to (1) theRRR-HIVintervention consisting of an HIV educational video, five group sessions, and one postrelease booster session or (2) a control condition consisting of the HIV educational video. TheRRR-HIVintervention combined didactic and interactive content regarding seven “thinking myths” about intimate relationships that may result in decisions to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Data were collected while women were still incarcerated and approximately 90 days following release from prison by trained interviewers. A negative binomial regression (NBR) model of unprotected sexual behaviors at the 90-day follow-up indicated thatRRR-HIVparticipants reported fewer unprotected sexual behaviors than women in the control condition once the analysis was adjusted for study site. Future studies should examine the sustainability of theRRR-HIVintervention's effect on risk reduction. Implementation research is needed to determine whether delivery of this intervention by correctional staff or peers, rather than research staff, yields similar reductions in unprotected sexual behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

More than ever, people are seeking substance use disorder treatment during the adolescent and young adult stages of development. Developmentally, many of these young adults new to recovery are in the process of making career decisions that may require attendance at a college or university. However, the collegiate environment is not conducive to a recovery lifestyle. Since the 1980s, several colleges and universities have implemented Collegiate Recovery Programs, offering students “safe havens” where they can obtain support from other students in recovery and from staff while they pursue a college education. The collegiate recovery programs have been successful at graduating students and supporting their recovery. Today, there are more than 75 collegiate recovery programs already established or in the process of development, serving more than 500 students across the United States. Although the various programs offer different types of services, each one seems to be having some type of success based on the research thus far. This article describes the emerging adult population of recovering college students, the history of Collegiate Recovery Programs, and what they offer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Bedside rounds have decreased on teaching services, raising concern about trainees’ clinical skills and patient–physician relationships.Purpose: We sought to identify recognized bedside teachers’ perceived value of bedside rounds to assist in the promotion of bedside rounds on teaching services.Methods: Authors used a grounded theory, qualitative study design of telephone semistructured interviews with bedside teachers (n= 34) from 10 U.S. institutions (2010–2011). Main outcomes were characteristics of participants, themes pertaining to the perceived value of bedside rounds, and quotations highlighting each respective theme.Results: The mean years in academic medicine was 13.7, and 51% were associate or full professors. Six main themes emerged: (a) skill development for learners (e.g., physical examination, communication, and clinical decision-making skills); (b) observation and feedback; (c) role-modeling; (d) team building among trainees, attending, and patient; (e) improved patient care delivery through combined clinical decision-making and team consensus; and (f) the culture of medicine as patient-centered care, which was embodied in all themes.Conclusions: Bedside teachers identify potential benefits of bedside rounds, many of which align with national calls to change our approach to medical education. The practice of bedside rounds enables activities essential to high-quality patient care and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the attitudes of 43 teachers and school administrators towards sex education, young people's sexuality and their communities in 19 secondary schools in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and how these attitudes affect school-based HIV prevention and sex education. In interviews, teachers expressed judgemental attitudes towards young people's sexuality and pregnant students, and focused on girls' perceived irresponsible behaviour instead of strategies to minimise HIV risk. Despite general awareness of the HIV epidemic, few teachers perceived it as an immediate threat, and teachers' own HIV risk was infrequently acknowledged. Teachers perceived themselves to have higher personal standards and moral authority than members of the communities and schools they served. Male administrators' authority to determine school policies and teachers' attitudes towards sexuality fundamentally affect the content and delivery of school-based sexuality education and HIV prevention activities. Opportunities to create a supportive educational environment for students and for female teachers are frequently missed. Improving teachers' efficacy to deliver impartial, non-judgemental and accurate information about sex and HIV is essential, as are efforts to acknowledge and address their own HIV risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper is intended to assist professors, administrators, librarians and other members of university level committees that must consider research expectations and research quality in academic fields that they lack. While this is not a problem for field experts, it is a difficulty when people are asked to make decisions in areas of study other than their own. This is commonly the case for senior university professors, librarians and administrators in regards to university wide decisions. The paper investigates this gap, through a study of 27 academic fields in 348 highly regarded universities. We find that there are almost always statistically significant differences in activity between academic fields, regardless of the metric one considers. However, it is possible to understand these differences by comparing the distribution of a known academic field to that of a field that one is not familiar with. Tables and information are provided to assist in the comparison of different fields of study on metrics such as: departmental publications and researcher level metrics of publications, citations, H-index, and total number of co-authors. The information can also be used to support decisions associated with promotion to senior posts such as endowed chairs and professorships. Information regarding specific universities and researchers are included in the data supplement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This essay analyzes how the university arrived at its present crisis regarding research and teaching, especially in the sciences. The medieval university began as a teaching institution for training in three professions: law, medicine, and theology, along with a preparatory arts program. In the 19th century, universities in absolutist German states added research in natural and social sciences. However, the cultures of research institutions and teaching schools proved difficult to integrate outside of Germany. Moreover, our present market economy and democratic polity differ dramatically from the cultural contexts that gave rise to earlier models. We therefore need to rethink the future of teaching and research in contemporary universities to determine how the enterprise might be sustainable in any recognizable form. The goal of this historical and critical inquiry is to better understand how contemporary university teaching and research might be supported, given today's very different political and economic circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article describes an innovative new intervention tailored to older youth who are already abusing drugs, but who are not diagnostically ready for treatment. The basic tenet of this intervention is to utilise adolescents engaged in drug use as 'experts' in the prevention curriculum adaptation activity. This activity then serves as a mechanism for their dissonance-based change. This process is designed to intervene with drug abusing youth prior to their development of substance dependence. The community-based design grew from a United States federally funded NIDA project (National Institute of Drug Abuse Mentored Research Scientist Award) which found that the youth who conduct programme adaptations were effectively engaged, animatedly discussing the payoffs and downsides of drug and alcohol abuse. It is maintained through this research that dissonance between their role of 'Preventionist' and their own substance abuse behaviours lead to shifts in attitudes and behaviours. Dissonance-based interventions have been successfully utilised for positive behavioural change with a variety of disorders, but have not yet been implemented with substance abusing youth. Findings of pilot research are shared along with implications for future research and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research reported here addresses the status of the unselected meaning of a lexically ambiguous word in developing the larger meaning of the text by independently manipulating lexical and discourse-level variables in the text. In a series of 3 eye-movement experiments, participants read passages that contained 2 occurrences of an ambiguous word. The meaning of the ambiguous word either switched from 1 encounter to the next (Experiments 1 and 2) or remained consistent across encounters (Experiments 1 and 3), and the authors manipulated whether the second occurrence of the ambiguous word referred to the same discourse entity or a different entity. Facilitation was observed in initial processing time on ambiguous words when the meaning was consistent from first to second encounter, regardless of referential relations. Switching the meaning between encounters did not influence how accessible the initially unselected meaning was, but it did produce processing difficulty in the post-target region. These results suggest that the lexical status of the (initially) unselected meaning remains unchanged while the availability of this information for the purposes of text integration changes with changes in the configuration of the discourse representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the first 30 years of finance research and education history in Finland from the publication of the first financial dissertation in 1977. It was also the year when finance was first offered as a major subject in Finland, among the first ones in the Nordic countries. This review shows how Finnish financial education and research have developed from a very humble beginning to an internationally acclaimed one. This development can be attributed to a number of talented and hard-working individuals but also to the decision to collaborate among the Finnish universities to overcome some of the problems faced by a small country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulating future events is dependent on a similar neural circuitry to that which supports retrieving contextual information about past events. The current study examined two novel predictions from recently reported episodic future simulation studies. Prospective memory is broadly defined as the usage of episodic memory processes to encode and retrieve intentions at some appropriate moment in the future. The results from two experiments are consistent with the idea that episodic future simulation is an important component of encoding prospective memories (i.e., forming intentions for the future). Furthermore, the results necessitate further neuroscientific investigations of encoding prospective memories and additionally suggest that current theories of prospective memory need to be updated to fully account for our ability to encode, retrieve, and fulfill intentions for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, we describe an innovative capstone course for preservice K-8 teachers integrating action research and a unifying theme in science (AAAS in Science for all Americans. Oxford University Press, New York, ; NRC in National science education standards. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, ). The goals of the capstone course are to increase student knowledge of the unifying theme, improve written communication skills, and introduce students to educational research. We provide evidence that each of these goals is met. Student growth in theme knowledge is demonstrated through concept maps, questionnaires, and previously reported assessments. Improved writing ability is demonstrated using the spelling and grammar checking feature of Microsoft Word. The analysis of action research reports demonstrates that students are able to connect their action research project results to previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial body of research supports a strong cross-sectional and longitudinal association between substance misuse and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). This article briefly addresses the theoretical connection between substance use and intimate partner violence and research on the association between substance misuse and IPV. Studies examining the effect of individual and couples-based addiction treatments on IPV are reviewed. The implications of this work and future directions for research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination of the change strategies associated with successful long-term sobriety remains an understudied area in addiction research. The following study recruited individuals with long-term sobriety (range 16-25 years continuous abstinence). Subjects (n = 11) were surveyed on demographic information, problem history, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) affiliation, and helping behaviors within several life domains over the course of sobriety. General helping behaviors increased from lower levels in the month prior to getting sober, to moderate levels at 1 year of sobriety, but did not continue to increase with additional years of sobriety. Levels of general help to others at home, work, and 12-step programs were similar at varying lengths of sobriety. Whereas overall levels of general help given to others were similar across settings, helping other alcoholics, as opposed to helping others at home or work, was rated as contributing the most to staying sober. Across time, alcoholics increased participation in helping behaviors specific to 12-step programs. The utility of helping others as a behavioral strategy to maintain successful addictive behavioral change is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a multi-sited ethnography of three different types of organization—a traditional medical clinic, two laboratories, and a biotech company—this article examines how Korean medicine (KM) scientizes, globalizes, and industrializes its clinical knowledge. By tracing the complex networking process among multiple places, I aim to understand how KM reinvents its knowledge, identity, and boundaries in a global situation. In particular, I pay attention to how this process involves multiple dimensions of power relations, economic interests, and scientific authorities. This article concludes that heterogeneous and unequal encounters between KM, science, and industry lead to simultaneous productions of new culture and power without reducing them to a single logic or center in a global age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field, as the "signature pedagogy," is the heart of social work education. However, field education has encountered challenges both in academia and in agencies that serve as field placements. This study explores the ways in which best practitioners in field instruction--10 field instructors who won the Heart of Social Work Award through the Council on Social Work Education--are rising to the challenges of supervising social work interns. These include (a) teaching a wide variety of skills of assessment and intervention, (b) balancing the teaching of these skills with the encouragement of reflection, (c) teaching interns to connect theory and practice, (d) developing an integrative model of supervision, (e) applying research to practice, (t) showing appropriate support to interns, and (g) upholding the mission of field education in the face of fiscal retrenchment and pressures for accountability. Findings of the study show that field instructors are responding with impressive energy and creativity to these challenges and also suggest the need for greater collaboration between field instructors and schools of social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental theories of prosocial reasoning and behavior posit a transition from concrete (e.g., give a toy to receive one) to abstract (e.g., spend time to make someone happy) forms and have been supported with research on middle-socioeconomic status (SES), White samples. The methodology that researchers have used to date has restricted the responses that children can offer. In the present study, 122 Grade 2 and Grade 4 children from low-SES families described different types of motives and behavior and whether a conflict existed between self- and other-serving behaviors. The authors found developmental differences for both abstract and tangible motives that focused on the benefactor of prosocial behavior. Grade 2 girls and Grade 4 boys were the most likely to spontaneously describe a conflict between self- and other-serving behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fundamental prerequisite of population health research is the ability to establish an accurate denominator. This in turn requires that every individual in the study population is counted. However, this seemingly simple principle has become a point of conflict between researchers whose aim is to produce evidence of disparities in population health outcomes and governments whose policies promote (intentionally or not) inequalities that are the underlying causes of health disparities. Research into the health of asylum seekers is a case in point. There is a growing body of evidence documenting the adverse affects of recent changes in asylum-seeking legislation, including mandatory detention. However, much of this evidence has been dismissed by some governments as being unsound, biased and unscientific because, it is argued, evidence is derived from small samples or from case studies. Yet, it is the policies of governments that are the key barrier to the conduct of rigorous population health research on asylum seekers. In this paper, the authors discuss the challenges of counting asylum seekers and the limitations of data reported in some industrialized countries. They argue that the lack of accurate statistical data on asylum seekers has been an effective neo-conservative strategy for erasing the health inequalities in this vulnerable population, indeed a strategy that renders invisible this population. They describe some alternative strategies that may be used by researchers to obtain denominator data on hard-to-reach populations such as asylum seekers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary theories of false memory suggest there are two processes that combine to produce false memory: one that increases false memory ( error-inflating processes ) and one that counteracts false memory ( error-editing processes ). Two experiments using the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) explored the influence of manipulating the number of associates studied, study item presentation frequency, backward associative strength, and study time on error-inflating and error-editing processes separately by examining speeded and unspeeded recognition decisions. The results of these studies indicate that (1) increasing the number of associates studied primarily influenced error-inflating processes; (2) increasing backward associative strength increased error-inflating processes and impaired error-editing processes; (3) increasing study item presentation frequency increased both error-inflating and error-editing processes; and (4) increasing study time had a weak effect on error-editing processes. Further, the results of these studies suggest that comprehensive theories of false memory phenomena must propose the existence of two different factors: one that increases false memory and is available early in memory retrieval, and one that usually, but not always, decreases false memory and is available later in retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The battle between creationists and evolutionists has waxed and waned in American culture and education for decades. This conflict is evident in the contemporary debate between the proponents of intelligent design and its opponents. This article illuminates the intelligent design movement by describing major proponents' beliefs, goals, and tactics, and explores the controversy over a high school science textbook and the 2002 debate over Ohio's academic content standards in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]