Search

Purpose:The aim of the present paper was to study preferences for web based self-administered questionnaires (web SAQs) vs. paper-based self-administered questionnaires (paper SAQs) and to evaluate the feasibility of using web SAQs in patients referred to cardiac, lung, occupational and cancer rehabilitation programs. Methods:The patients were approached by mail and given the choice to answer the compulsory SAQs either on paper or on a web-based platform. Results:Hundred and twenty seven out of 183 eligible patients (69.3%) were willing to participate and 126 completed the study. Web SAQs were preferred by 77.7%, and these patients were significantly younger, more often cohabiting and tended to have higher level of education than paper SAQ users. Mean number of data missing per patient was less among the web SAQ users than the paper SAQ users (0.55 vs. 2.15,p < 0.001). Costs related to human resources were estimated to be 60% lower with web SAQs compared to paper SAQs. Conclusions:Web SAQs were well accepted among the patients scheduled for rehabilitation, led to less missing data and considerable cost savings related to human resources. Patients referred to rehabilitation should be offered the choice to complete self-administered questionnaires on internet platforms when internet access is common and available.Implications for RehabilitationThe high acceptability of web-based self-administered questionnaires among rehabilitation patients suggests that internet platforms are suitable tools to collect patient information for rehabilitation units.Web-based modes of patient data collection demonstrate low number of missing data and can therefore improve the quality of data collection from rehabilitation patients.Use of web-based questionnaires considerably reduces administrative costs of data collection in rehabilitation settings compared to traditional pen and paper methods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Making sure that health surveillance data are integrated into public health planning and decision-making is demanding. Politicians and their administration may lack knowledge, interest, or will to take it into account. Politics is at its core solution-driven, and this need for imminent action may outweigh the importance of solid knowledge. This paper focuses on Norwegian municipalities and fleshes out two factors that may provide an enabling environment for educating relevant personnel in health surveillance data; i) the existence of a public health coordinator and ii) the set-up of inter-sectoral working groups. We have anticipated that those organisational resources play an important role in linking the bodies of information provided in the municipalities' health surveillance document ; the municipal health profile ; and the health promotion priorities. The findings confirm the anticipated centrality of organisational resources. Having dedicated and inter-sectoral organizational resources working as boundary spanners – such as public health coordinators – is decisive to meeting the demands of current public health challenges. Moreover, dedication is useless unless there is a critical volume of the coordinator's work. It is only when she/he is in a full position that the profile is fully integrated. The study further identifies other conducive conditions for integration. For example, does knowledge on health determinants resides not only in statistical data, but also in qualitative experiences of people and professional practitioners. Of interest for further research is to explore how to educate such organisations to integrate such experiences into health promotion action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper sets out to study Norwegians' experiences of non-monogamy. Data were collected by questionnaires in a web sample of 4160 Norwegians (18–89 years). 26.3% of men and 17.8% of women reported that they ever had non-consensual non-monogamy. Consensual non-monogamy was reported by 3%. Compared to participants with no or non-consensual experience, consensual non-monogamy was highly related to relationship intimacy and positive sexual attitudes toward sex and sexuality. At the most recent extradyadic event, 21.5% of heterosexual men and 47.1% of gay/bisexual men reported condom use, which implies a risk for sexually transmitted diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Access to adaptive equipment is a crucial factor that can determine if a child or youth with disabilities is going to participate in physical activities, sports and play in different local settings. A prerequisite for success is awareness of and specific knowledge concerning the equipment and its use among relevant actors. The aim of this paper is to explore how important groups of actors working with young people with disabilities perceive their level of knowledge concerning adaptive equipment and discuss these actors' role in children and youths' opportunities to obtain relevant equipment to participate in activities. Methods: An online, population-based national survey was distributed to: (1) occupational therapists and physiotherapists, (2) teachers, and (3) leaders and coaches in sports clubs in Norway. Results: The findings generally indicate that overall knowledge concerning adaptive equipment among the three groups is limited. However, significant statistical difference is found, indicating that occupational therapists and physiotherapists have higher levels of general knowledge, about the accessibility of equipment, regulations and legislation and that they are more familiar with adaptive equipment than teachers, leaders and coaches. Conclusions: A practical implication of the results is that the actors' varying knowledge and experiences need to be brought together to form a coherent picture of how the equipment will be used and by whom. This can contribute to an increased understanding concerning adaptive equipment and its importance among different actors, which could help more young people with disabilities to participate. Important actors must utilize the knowledge and experience possessed by young people with disabilities concerning adaptive equipment. Improved access to knowledge concerning adaptive equipment among important actors is required. Increased collaboration between different actors relating to adaptive equipment and participation is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In Norwegian aquaculture, safer technology and better safety management systems have been developed during the last decade. Safety commitment and safe behavior are still vital to ensure a safe working environment. The objective of this paper is to explore what factors might influence the reporting of hazardous situations in aquaculture. The significance of factors on both the individual (work experience, position) and company/organizational level (company size, safety climate) was studied. It was hypothesized that reporting of hazardous situations was positively predicted by work experience, having the position as operational manager, company size, and safety climate. Methods: The study is based on a quantitative questionnaire study involving 428 fish farmers, operational managers, and service vessel employees in the Norwegian aquaculture industry, interviewed by telephone. A purposive sampling procedure was employed. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were applied. The data quality was considered satisfactory. Results: Individual factors had no significant relationship with the reporting of hazardous situations. Company size and safety climate factors had positive associations with reporting. Larger companies might have more resources for safety management and the development of practical reporting solutions. A positive safety climate might increase the motivation for reporting. Conclusion: Efforts by management to improve the safety climate can contribute to the reporting of hazardous events, continuous improvement of safety management and improvement of the safety level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixing languages within a sentence or a conversation is a common practice among many speakers of multiple languages. Language mixing found in multilingual speakers with aphasia has been suggested to reflect deficits associated with the brain lesion. In this paper, we examine language mixing behaviour in multilingual people with aphasia to test the hypothesis that the use of language mixing reflects a communicative strategy. We analysed connected language production elicited from 11 individuals with aphasia. Words produced were coded as mixed or not. Frequencies of mixing were tabulated for each individual in each of her or his languages in each of two elicitation tasks (Picture sequence description, Narrative production). We tested the predictions that there would be more word mixing: for participants with greater aphasia severity; while speaking in a language of lower post-stroke proficiency; during a task that requires more restricted word retrieval; for people with non-fluent aphasia, while attempting to produce function words (compared to content words); and that there would be little use of a language not known to the interlocutors. The results supported three of the five predictions. We interpret our data to suggest that multilingual speakers with aphasia mix words in connected language production primarily to bypass instances of word-retrieval difficulties, and typically avoid pragmatically inappropriate language mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to investigate educational background, educational wishes, actual participation in prison education, and self-reported learning problems among former child welfare clients in prison. A significant concern is that prisoners' educational level is far lower than for the general population. The same concern has also been expressed regarding former child welfare clients. The question is whether prisoners with a background from the child welfare system are especially vulnerable. The survey reported in this paper addressed the entire Norwegian prison population. We distributed a questionnaire containing questions about whether the prisoner or their family had been in contact with the welfare system, educational issues such as educational background, whether they wanted to participate in prison education and actually participated, and to what extent the participants had self-reported learning problems. We also investigated whether such learning problems affected participation in prison education. The results showed that around one-third of the 2065 respondents were former child welfare clients. The mean age of the respondents in the child welfare group was 31 years and 7.9% were women. The results further revealed that those who had been child welfare clients had a lower educational level and more self-reported learning problems than the general prison population, but most of them still wished to start an education while incarcerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has now documented the substantial influence of safety climate on a range of important outcomes in safety critical organizations, but there has been scant attention to the question of what factors might be responsible for positive or negative safety climate. The present paper draws from positive organizational behavior theory to test workplace and individual factors that may affect safety climate. Specifically, we explore the potential influence of authentic leadership style and psychological capital on safety climate and risk outcomes. Across two samples of offshore oil-workers and seafarers working on oil platform supply ships, structural equation modeling yielded results that support a model in which authentic leadership exerts a direct effect on safety climate, as well as an indirect effect via psychological capital. This study shows the importance of leadership qualities as well as psychological factors in shaping a positive work safety climate and lowering the risk of accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the association between the domains of stress, sense of coherence (SOC) and emotional symptoms (depression and anxiety) in adolescents, as well as the potential moderating role of SOC on the relationship between stress and emotional symptoms. The study is based on a cross-sectional sample of 1183 adolescents aged 13–18 who attend public elementary and secondary schools in Mid-Norway. The results showed that girls scored higher than boys on stress related to peer pressure, home life, school performance, school/leisure conflict and emotional symptoms. Conversely, boys reported higher SOC than girls. Results from multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that for boys, stress related to school performance was positively associated with symptoms of both depression and anxiety, whereas stress from peer pressure was associated with depressive symptoms. For girls, stress from peer pressure, romantic relationships and school was associated with more depressive symptoms. SOC was strongly and inversely associated with emotional symptoms, especially anxiety in girls. SOC also moderated the association between stress related to peer pressure and depressive symptoms in both genders. The study provides evidence of the association of SOC with stress and emotional symptoms during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Using data from two representative surveys among the users of personal assistance in Norway carried out in 2002 and 2010, this paper examines developments and consequences of a strong increase of users and an extension of the target group. Users with mobility impairments still dominate, but the proportion of people with intellectual impairments, brain injuries, and sensory impairments have increased. The ‘new' users seem to be allocated fewer hours compared with those who received personal assistance at the early stages of the arrangement. Still, most users experience an increase in their welfare arrangements, as compared with the situation before they received personal assistance. The user control of the arrangement seems to be preserved, but it takes more different forms. For a higher proportion of users, one of their relatives or a guardian acts as a manager of the assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents empirical insight into part-time and full-time property owners' perceptions of risk and risk management strategies. In addition, the relationships between forest owners with varying degree of off-property work and property and forest owner characteristics, risk perceptions, risk management strategies and harvesting behaviour are examined. The data originate from a questionnaire responded to by forest owners in eastern Norway which were merged with 9 years of logging data. Timber price variability and institutional risks were perceived as primary sources of risk. Use of advisers from the forest owners' association, buying personal insurance and off-property work were perceived as the most important ways to handle risk. The results show that off-property work affects to a lesser degree what forest owners perceived as important risk sources, but that risk perceptions affect to a stronger degree the ways in which risk was dealt with. The chosen risk management strategies influenced the forest owner's harvesting behaviour to some extent, but more research on the issue is needed to clarify the relationship. There was a positive relationship between owners with off-property activities and their performance as timber suppliers. Several measures, such as improved rural education, revision of some of the arrangements that regulate property mergers and support measures for increased on-property diversification may increase annual timber harvesting and reduce variability in harvesting level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Workplace inspection supports improving the working environment. Changes in workplaces following inspections are construed as the inspection's outcome. This study aimed to develop a tool for inspection performance assessment (TIPA) based on identified inspection prerequisites and evaluate the tool's appropriateness for performance assessment. Methods. Occupational safety and health experts ranked the prerequisites for effective inspection performance, based on their experiences and perception of importance of the prerequisites. The outcome formed the basis for weighting and assignment of values to the prerequisite subgoals. An assessment tool interface, with which inspectors can assess their workplace inspection performance was designed. Inspectors from different national authorities provided feedback on the tool's appropriateness for measuring inspection performance. Results. Results showed much agreement between the inspectors. A five-level performance consideration based on inspection performance index attained was implemented. High average ratings for the test criteria were obtained, with high inter-rater consistency, and reliability. Conclusion. TIPA provides a systematic inspection performance quantification supporting inspectors' self-actualization, improving performance. Furthermore, the tool's generality allows for use irrespective of the inspection area without affecting inspection areas' specificity adjustments. In addition, the ease of use adds to its utility, with agreement on the tool's appropriateness for inspection performance assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The western world is seeking increased implementation of assistive technology (AT) to meet the challenges of an ageing population. The objective of this study is to explore perspectives on AT use among home-dwelling older adults with or without cognitive impairment. This study combines findings from a cross-sectional study with a questionnaire package (n = 83) and from qualitative individual interviews (n = 7) and is part of a larger study, the Assisted Living Project. Combining methods promotes complementary inquiries into a phenomenon. The participants already use ATs: TVs, social alarms, mobile phones, stove timers, electronic medical dispensers, PCs and tablet computers. They were both optimistic and skeptical of AT, and expressed different perspectives and expressed different perspectives on ATs in relation to usability, privacy and fear of losing personal face-to-face care. This study reveals that older adults' perspectives on AT are multifaceted and complex, and can partly be explained by the interacting factors in the HAAT model: person, technology, environment, and context. Further exploration in relation to older adults with health challenges, as well as ethical perspectives on AT implementation, is required for this group. The Norwegian Research Council, Number 47996, funds the Assisted Living Project (ALP). The study was useful in order to inform the health care services about older adults "perspectives on assistive technology". This study reveals the complexity of understanding perspectives towards and the use of assistive technology among older adults with or without cognitive impairment. This study contributes to the understanding of the interactions between the four components: humans, activities, technology and the context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to compare the risk of developing respiratory symptoms in farmers and other occupational groups over a period of 11 to 23 years. The study includes data from questionnaires and interviews in HUNT1-3 in The Trøndelag Health study (HUNT). In all three surveys, farmers can be identified. Two control groups are used. Control group 1 consists of all HUNT participants who are not farmers or fishermen. Control group 2 consists of occupational groups who presumably have low exposure to dust, chemicals or gases, but similar educational status as farmers. The data are analysed in SPSS 25 (IBM, Armonk NY), with use of frequency analyses and multiple binary logistic regressions. Our main finding is that healthy farmers have increased risk of developing respiratory symptoms as wheezing or breathlessness over a period of 11 and 23 years. This increased risk is statistically significant after 11 years of follow-up (HUNT1 to HUNT2), and also after 23 years (HUNT1 to HUNT3). Corresponding results regarding wheezing and breathlessness are found for healthy farmers in HUNT2 after 12 years of follow-up in HUNT3. In a subgroup analysis, we find a highly significant difference in both wheezing and shortness of breath when at work, in believing that the symptoms are caused by work, and in having to change jobs or quit because of breathing problems. Farmers have more respiratory symptoms than controls, and the main symptom is attacks of wheezing or breathlessness. Preventive measures such as ventilation and respiratory protection should be implemented on the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early integration of oncology and patient-centered palliative care is the recommended clinical practice model for patients with advanced cancer. General and specific communication skills are necessary to achieve integrated patient-centered care, but require organized training to be adequately mastered. Challenges and barriers on several levels, i.e. organizational, professional and individual may, however, hamper implementation. The development, implementation, and evaluation of such an educational program focusing on communication skills contain many steps, considerations and lessons learned, which are described in this article. Methods: A multi-professional faculty developed, implemented, and evaluated an educational program through a 5-step approach. The program was part of a Norwegian cluster-randomized controlled trial aiming to test the effect of early integration of oncology and palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. Results: The result is the PALLiON educational program; a multi-faceted, evidence-based, and learner-centered program with a specific focus on physicians' communication skills. Four modules were developed: lectures, discussion groups, skills training, and coaching. These were implemented at the six intervention hospitals using different teaching strategies. Evaluation in a subgroup of participants showed a positive appraisal of the group discussions and skills training. Conclusion:We present our experiences and reflections regarding implementation and lessons learned, which should be considered in future developments and implementations; (1) Include experienced faculty with various backgrounds, (2) Be both evidence-based and learner-centered, (3) Choose teaching strategies wisely, (4) Expect resistance and skepticism, (5) Team up with management and gatekeepers, (6) Expect time to fly, and (7) Plan thorough assessment of the evaluation and effect. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03088202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the difference between Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Men (WSEM), Women Who Have Sex Exclusively with Women (WSEW), and Women Who Have Sex with Women and Men (WSWM). The data were obtained from a survey of a probability-based web sample of 1967 Norwegian women. Most WSWM identified themselves as heterosexuals (76.3%), and three out of 10 used a condom when having sex with a new partner. The highest number of sex partners during the last year was reported by WSWM. More WSEW than the other categories reported premature orgasm. WSWM should be targeted in health campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study psychological distress and fatigue among persons with spina bifida (SB) 50 years or older and living in Norway. In 2017, cross-sectional data were collected (n = 30). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and Spearman correlations were performed. Relevant information from previous studies on adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and the general population, were collected for comparison. Participants were 18 women and 12 men, mean age 57.5 (SD 5.6), 26 with myelomeningocele, and six with hydrocephalus. Thirty percent scored above the HADS-A- and 20% above the HADS-D thresholds, thus in the same range as previous studies of SB, but higher compared to persons with SCI and norms. HADS-D correlated with pain and FSS scores. Forty percent reported fatigue symptoms (9/15 without hydrocephalus, 3/6 with hydrocephalus). The study revealed a high prevalence of fatigue symptomatology among middle-aged and older adults with SB. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were more common than among persons with chronic SCI and norms. SB follow-ups should include awareness of psychological distress and fatigue, and investigate pain and medication side effects among possible influencing factors. Clinicians treating adult persons with SB should be aware of possible psychological distress and fatigue symptomatology among these patients. We suggest an initial screening for psychological distress and fatigue in persons with SB during follow-up visits and rehabilitation. Interventions to reduce pain may influence levels of psychological distress and/or fatigue in patients with SB. Clinicians should enquire about the effects of medication on fatigue when assessing and prescribing new medications; a thorough medication review helps to assess the benefits and risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follow-up care (FU-care) and self-management are recognized as important to ensure prolonged effects of rehabilitation. Objectives of this study were to explore current FU-care and self-management after specialized rehabilitation for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. This multicentre cohort study included 523 patients who self-reported need and plans for FU-care and plans for self-management activities (SMAs) at rehabilitation discharge. The FU-care received and adherence to SMA were self-reported after 4-, 8-, and 12-months. Predictors for received FU-care and adherence to SMA were explored in multiple logistic regression models. Plans for FU-care were significantly associated with received FU-care. Younger age, better coping skills, and performing regular social activities and hobbies were significant predictors for received FU-care. Throughout the follow-up year, 221 (51%) participants had adherence to their SMA plans. Older age, regular physical activity, more severe pain, and performing regular social activities and hobbies were significant predictors for adherence to SMA. Participants with SMA adherence more often reported planned FU-care, and more frequently received the FU-care they needed. Planning FU-care should be integrated in specialized rehabilitation. Patients with poor coping skills and sedentary lifestyle may need more support over longer time to implement behavioral changes for healthy self-management. Planning follow-up should be integrated in specialized rehabilitation as it supports self-management and receiving follow-up at home. Patients with sedentary lifestyle, poor coping skills, and depression may need more support over longer time to implement healthy self-management. Structure and routines in daily life enhance self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological hardiness is a set of personality characteristics that is linked to better health, performance, and leadership in demanding environments. Research indicates that candidates who score high on hardiness have an advantage during military leadership selection. In this study, we deconstruct the effect of hardiness into three separate measures of leadership performance: interview performance, field performance, and the probability of voluntary withdrawal from a challenging field exercise. Additionally, we hypothesize that the dispositional effect of hardiness is partly due to an indirect effect of contextual self-efficacy beliefs regarding military leadership ability. We test our hypotheses in a sample of candidates seeking admission to officer training in the Norwegian Armed Forces during a three-week selection process. The results confirm that hardiness was associated with successful admission and showed that hardy candidates scored somewhat higher on the interview and field exercises and were notably less likely to drop out of the field exercise. Using generalized structural equation modeling and mediation analysis, we find that the effect is partly mediated by self-efficacy beliefs, but the direct effect of hardiness is more pronounced than the indirect effect of self-efficacy. Overall, the results add to the growing body of hardiness as a predictor of military leadership performance and shows that this advantage is partly, but not primarily associated with contextual self-efficacy beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigates how men who have sex exclusively with women (MSEW) differ from men who have sex exclusively with men (MSEM), and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) on selected variables. Methods: A probability-based web sample of 2,181 men was recruited. Results: Most MSEM considered their sexual identity as gay, and most MSMW as heterosexual. The MSEM were the most frequent condom users, while MSMW were the least frequent users and had the highest number of sexual partners. The MSEM and MSMW had a lower likelihood of premature ejaculation than MSEW. Conclusions: MSMW should be targeted in health campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing spiritual concerns in psychotherapy might be challenging in secular societies. An additional obstacle may be a possible religiosity gap between psychotherapists and their patients. To explore levels of religiosity and spiritual care competence, the Spiritual Care Competence Questionnaire was given to professionals in Norwegian mental health clinics. 262 staff participated, 92 of them psychologists. Results indicated first, that psychologists were significantly less religious than other professionals. Second, competence scores varied in the lower range for all participants, regardless of profession. Third, psychologists were open toward spiritual topics in principle, but hesitant to address them actively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing cancer incidence and survival rates, follow-up care becomes a major healthcare concern, placing increased demands on general practitioners (GPs). We explored GPs' awareness of late effects (LEs) after cancer treatment. Their degree of involvement and attitudes towards follow-up care was studied separately for solid cancers and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Mailed questionnaire study in Norwegian general practice. 185 responding GPs with responsibility for HL survivors, more than 10 years since diagnosis. All GPs reported some awareness of LEs. Increasing awareness of LEs was associated with female sex, being a specialist, having experience from hospital-based cancer care and familiarity with official guidelines on LEs after treatment. The majority of GPs were involved in follow-up care, which increased with patients' time since treatment and was associated with higher awareness of LEs. GPs with work experience in hospital-based cancer care were more likely to be engaged in HL follow-up. Most GPs were willing to provide follow-up care at some point after treatment. Older and more experienced GPs, and those satisfied with the collaboration with hospital specialists, were more likely to provide follow-up earlier. GPs' awareness of LEs and their willingness to provide follow-up care were related to familiarity with guidelines and experience. GPs more involved in follow-up care also had higher knowledge of LEs. Distribution of guidelines on LEs and follow-up care, and improving collaboration with hospital specialists, might increase GPs' knowledge and willingness to become involved in follow-up care, especially early in their careers. GPs' involvement and attitude towards follow-up of survivors of common solid cancers and HL, a rare malignant disease, were similar. Norwegian general practitioners (GPs) are involved in survivorship care after cancer treatment. We investigated their awareness of late effects (LEs), their involvement and their attitude towards follow-up care of solid cancers and Hodgkin's lymphoma. • GPs registered as specialists, aware of guidelines and with experience from hospital-based cancer care reported higher awareness of LEs. • GPs with higher awareness of LEs were more frequently involved in follow-up care. • GPs with longer experience in general practice were comfortable with follow-up care at an earlier stage after treatment. • Results were similar for follow-up care of survivors of solid cancers and Hodgkin's lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients entering substance use disorder treatment perceive the quality of life as low and have high levels of psychological distress. Some suffer from impaired cognitive functioning. The prevalence of traumatic experiences is high. We aimed to determine whether there had been improvements from admission to discharge and explore the relationships between the improvements and experiences of traumatic abuse. We recruited 138 inpatients from long-term treatment for substance use disorders in Norway. 98 participants completed the questionnaires on quality of life, psychological distress, and cognitive functioning at admission and discharge. We found significant improvements in quality of life and cognitive functioning, and the psychological distress decreased from admission to discharge. Patients with experiences of traumatic abuse improved less in cognitive functioning. Measurements of quality of life, psychological distress, and cognitive functioning may be useful to assess improvements during treatment. Health providers must be aware of the high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and psychological distress, and low quality of life in patients at admission to treatment. Patients with experiences of traumatic abuse improved less in cognitive functioning and treatment should target this, as it could hinder drop-out and enhance the success of substance use disorder treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to examine the psychometric properties of two questionnaires in Norwegian for the self-assessment of satisfaction following cochlear implantation. The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids adapted for cochlear implants (IOI-CI) and two revised subscales from the Norwegian translation of the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) were applied. Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's α. Testing of psychometric properties included the calculation of inter-item correlations and corrected item-total correlations. Spearman's rho was used to investigate associations. Exploratory principal component analyses with Kaiser normalisation were performed. One hundred and twenty-one patients (51 males) with cochlear implants (27–88 years, M = 59). For IOI-CI, Cronbach's α was 0.79. Corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.29 to 0.69. The factor analysis revealed two components. For APHAB, Cronbach's α was 0.91. Two components were revealed by the factor analysis. Corrected item-total correlations for the two subscales "communication in quiet situations" and "communication in adverse situations" were 0.47–0.81 and 0.58–0.80, respectively. The convergent validity of the questionnaires was adequate as reflected by a Spearman's coefficient of 0.67. Both questionnaires show good psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asperger syndrome (AS) may be difficult to distinguish from psychosis in the schizophrenia spectrum (PSS), as the two conditions share core features. Aim: The aim of this paper is to identify symptoms which are useful in the differential diagnostic process, and which symptoms cause confusion in the assessment. Methods: Twelve patients, consecutively referred to a specialized psychiatric inpatient unit for re-diagnostic assessment, were recruited in a 3-year period. The patients were systematically assessed for both AS and for psychotic disorder in the schizophrenia spectrum. Results: Symptoms that caused misdiagnosis in the present sample were especially idiosyncratic speech taken for delusions (or the reverse), dysfunction related to self-care, task solving, and relationships, and social impairment taken for negative symptoms (or the reverse). Useful areas were symptom onset, symptoms of disorganized speech, occurrence of hallucinations, and occurrence of relapses. The latter contributed to diagnostic clarity related to PSS only. Conclusion: Patients with both AS and PSS may show severe symptoms which usually are difficult to distinguish. When both AS and PSS are suspected in severely impaired adult patients, comprehensive assessment including both AS and PSS is required. Symptoms that may differentiate PSS from AS are age of onset, presence of hallucinations, presence of disorganized speech and behaviour, and occurrence of relapses. Confusing symptoms include social impairments, and idiosyncratic opinions in persons with AS, which may be mistaken for delusions (or the reverse). Also bizarre behaviour and general dysfunction may be wrongly attributed to AS or PSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study patient experiences with physical activity among persons with Loeys-Dietz- or vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. A postal questionnaire survey in 2018. Seventy adults with molecularly verified Loeys-Dietz syndrome types 1-4, or vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome recruited through a National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders in Norway. The response rate was 74%, (Loeys-Dietz n = 34, vascular Ehlers-Danlos n = 18), aged 18 to 68 years, 58% women. In total, 88.5% reported they had received advice regarding physical activity and most (77%) had modified their habits. Fifty percent had an appropriate- and 40% a low mean physical activity sum score. Another 10% had too high physical activity levels due to high intensity scores. Lower scores with the Fatigue Severity Scale (p = 0.033) and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p = 0.021), were associated with high physical activity levels. About a third reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Many adults with Loeys-Dietz- or vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may have a potential to reach more favorable physical activity levels by increasing the frequency and duration of activities. Future directions should include evaluation of effects of professional-led practical and safe physical activity sessions as well as customized multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs for these patient groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore participation in real-life activities during early childhood, compare children's participation based on motor function and investigate relationships between participation and parental empowerment. Data derived from the Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Program (CPOP) in Norway and the research registry Habilitation Trajectories, Interventions, and Services for Young Children with CP (CPHAB). Fifty-six children (12–56 months, GMFCS levels I–IV, MACS levels I–V) and their families were included. Frequency and enjoyment of participation were assessed by the Child Engagement in Daily Life Questionnaire and parental empowerment in family and service situations by the Family Empowerment Scale at least twice during the preschool years. Differences between groups based on motor function were explored by the Kruskal–Wallis tests. A linear mixed model was conducted to explore relationships between child participation and parental empowerment. Similarities and differences in participation between children at different motor function levels varied between the activities explored. Fluctuations in frequency and stable enjoyment scores over time were most common. A statistically significant relationship was revealed between child participation and parental empowerment in family situations, but not in service situations. Child participation appears as context-dependent and complexly influenced by both motor function and parental empowerment. This supports a focus on transactional processes when exploring and promoting child participation. Family and recreational activities represent real-life contexts providing opportunities for interactions and experiences supporting development and learning. Children with CP appreciate a wide range of activities in the home and community, which emphasizes the importance of providing opportunities for such participation in order to fulfill their desires and interests. Child participation appears as complexly influenced by the unique activity setting, motor function and characteristics of the family environment, requiring attention to transactional processes when aiming to explore and promote participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite medical advances, preterm birth and neonatal intensive care (NICU) hospitalization are demanding and pose risks for infants and parents. Various music therapy (MT) models have suggested parental singing to promote healthy bonding and development in premature infants, but evidence on long-term effects is lacking. We present the theoretical framework and intervention protocol of a resource-oriented MT approach for premature infants and their caregivers used in the international LongSTEP trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03564184). We illustrate how guiding principles manifest in MT sessions, describe frames for phases of intervention, discuss prerequisites and present hypothesized mechanisms of change. The LongSTEP MT approach is resource-oriented, emphasizes parental voice and parent-infant mutual regulation, builds on family-centered care principles, and is relevant in the NICU and beyond. Essential elements include: observation and dialogue on infant and parent needs; voice as the main musical source, with parental voice as the most prominent; active parental participation; modification of music in response to infant states and cues; and integration of the family's culture and music preferences. The music therapist facilitates and supports interaction between parents and infant. Parents learn how to adapt principles in relation to infant development across NICU hospitalization and post-discharge phases. The LongSTEP approach is feasible in culturally diverse countries where consistent parental presence is available, but requires tailoring to local circumstances and culture, particularly in the post-discharge phase. The emphasis on parent-led infant-directed singing places a higher demand on parents than other MT approaches, and requires sufficient psychosocial and musical support for parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore home care services (HCS) employees' professional experiences with the use of dietary supplements (DSs) in their clients with dementia. We also investigated their attributed professional responsibility concerning this use and their attitudes toward DSs in general. Differences between nurses and nurse assistants were investigated. A cross-sectional survey with self-administered questionnaires. Home care services in six Norwegian municipalities in the period August-December 2016. A total of 231 (64% response rate) HCS employees; 78 nurses and 153 nurse assistants (auxiliary nurses and employees without formal education). Main outcome measures: Health care employees' experiences with patient safety in clients with dementia who use DSs. Fifty per cent were concerned that clients with dementia might harm their health due to DS use. Thirty-one per cent reported having intervened in order to reduce the risk. Seventy-one per cent preferred to administer DSs to clients with dementia rather than leaving this responsibility to the clients. The respondents placed the responsibility for patient safety in clients with dementia using DSs mainly with the general practitioners, while they ascribed themselves and pharmacies a medium level of responsibility. There were only minor difference between nurses and nurse assistants, and no difference in attitudes towards DSs. Employees in HCS were concerned about the DS use in clients with dementia. Moreover, almost one-third had intervened to improve clients' patient safety. The majority indicated that HCS should administer DSs rather than the clients with dementia themselves. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the role of home care services with regard to patient safety in clients with dementia who use dietary supplements (DSs). •Home care service employees worried about patient safety related to DS use in clients with dementia. •Home care service employees attributed to themselves medium responsibility to ensure the safe use of DSs in these clients. •Lack of knowledge was the most important reason why home care service employees did not recommend DSs to clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article illuminates and discusses the realism of policy-makers' goals to increase involvement of volunteers and informal caregivers in long-term care services in Norway. Drawing on multiple data sources, the article investigates how commonplace volunteering and informal care are in long-term care, and it explores challenges experienced in collaboration between formal caregivers and volunteers and informal caregivers. The results show that only 4.4 percent of the Norwegian population carry out unpaid, voluntary work in long-term care. Twenty percent regularly provide informal care to someone with special care needs. Knowledge/information gaps and lacking coordination are common collaboration challenges between formal caregivers and volunteers/informal caregivers. The limitations identified in the current collaboration environment should be used actively by both policy makers and the practice field to critically assess goals and strategies for involvement and improving collaboration practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing heading exposure in football is important when exploring the association between heading and brain alterations. To this end, questionnaires have been developed for use in adult populations. However, the validity of self-report in adolescents remains to be elucidated. Male youth soccer players (n = 34) completed a questionnaire on heading exposure after a two-week period, which included matches and training sessions. Self-reported numbers were compared to observation (considered reference). In total, we observed 157 training sessions and 64 matches. Self-reported heading exposure correlated with observed heading exposure (Spearman's rho 0.68; p < 0.001). Players systematically overestimated their heading exposure by a factor of 3 with the random error of 46%. Area under the curve was 0.87 (95% CI 0.67–1) utilizing self-report for identifying players from high- and low-exposure groups. Thus, in this study, self-reported data could be used to group youth players into high and low heading exposure groups, but not to quantify individual heading exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has found psychological dimensions of religiosity/spirituality (R/S) beneficial against non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), whereas the effect of R/S social aspects is less studied. Using data from the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey (2012, n = 10,717 ages 18–69; response rate: 27%; non-Sami: 66%; females: 55%), we examined the association of R/S—religious attendance, congregational affiliation, Laestadian family background, religious importance/view of life—with NSSI in the adult Sami and non-Sami population of Arctic Norway. We also applied multivariable-adjusted regression models and mediation analyses to explore how religious participation transmits its effect on NSSI through violence exposure and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Across ethnicities, 3.3 percent (n = 355) reported lifetime NSSI—ranging from 1.2 percent among Laestadians to 7.7 percent in unaffiliated. Regular religious attendance had a significant negative total effect on NSSI (OR =.59). Ninety-five percent of this effect seemed to be due to fewer anxiety and depression symptoms in the attendance group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This was a validation study of the Norwegian version of The Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS). ICCAS consists of 20 retrospective pre- and post-questions, where respondents rate their agreement with regard to self-assessed competencies after participating in interprofessional education courses. It has been validated across various settings. The questionnaire was translated using the back-translation technique. We investigated evidence of validity regarding content, response process, and internal structure. Data were obtained from health and social care students (n = 1440, response rate 42.8%) participating in 12 different interprofessional courses in seven education institutions in Norway using a cross-sectional design. Exploratory factor analysis indicated one retracted factor for pre-scores and one retracted factor for post-scores. High McDonald's omega values indicated good internal consistency. Item deletion did not improve the scale's overall consistency on pre- or post-scores. We observed higher mean post-scores than pre-scores with moderate-to-large effect sizes, indicating a positive change in self-assessed interprofessional capabilities after training. Our findings indicate that the Norwegian version of ICCAS is a valid tool that may be implemented across a wide range of interprofessional education courses. Finally, our findings support earlier recommendations that ICCAS should be analyzed at an overall level to address change in interprofessional capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study used parent-report data to explore cross-cultural similarities and differences in tic severity and reactions to tics across 223 children with Tourette's disorder (TD) from the United States, United Kingdom, and Netherlands/Norway. Psychometric properties of the TARS-PR and PTQ were also examined and results indicated that both measures may be suitable for assessing tic severity and the consequences of tics in these countries. No differences in parent-reported tic severity were found. However, parents of children with TD from the United Kingdom reported significantly more reactions to their child's tics than parents from the United States and Netherlands/Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe self-reported symptoms among patients in general practice and to explore the relationships between symptoms experienced by patients and diagnoses given by general practitioners. Doctor–patient questionnaires focusing on patients' self-reported symptoms during the past 7 days and the doctors' diagnoses. General practices in urban and suburban areas in Southeast Norway. Forty-seven general practitioners who included 866 patients aged ≥18 years on a random day in practice. The most frequently reported symptoms were tiredness (46%), lower back pain (43%), neck pain (41%), headache (39%), shoulder pain (36%), and sleep problems (35%). Women had a significantly higher prevalence than men for 16 of 38 symptoms (p < 0.05). The mean number of symptoms was 7.5 (range, 0–32; women, 8.1; men, 6.5, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that patients who received a social security grant had 59% more symptoms than those who were employed and that people with asthenia and depression/anxiety had 44% and 23% more symptoms, respectively than those with all other diagnoses. The patterns of symptoms reported showed similar patterns across the five most prevalent diagnoses. Patients in general practice report a number of symptoms and share a common pattern of symptoms, which appear to be partly independent of the diagnoses given. These findings suggest that symptoms are not necessarily an indication of disease. Patients consulting general practitioners have a high number of self-reported symptoms. The most frequent symptoms are tiredness, lower back pain, neck pain, headache, shoulder pain, and sleep problems. Patients diagnosed with asthenia and depression/anxiety report the highest number of symptoms. Selected diagnoses show similar patterns in symptom distribution. Symptoms are not necessarily an indication of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growing evidence supports that physical activity and exercise during pregnancy is favorable for the mother, with persisting benefits in the postpartum period. However, there is scant knowledge of the effect of a prenatal exercise program on long-term health and lifestyle habits.Objectives: This 6-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial had two aims: (1) compare body weight, weight retention and body mass index (BMI) in the intervention group and control group, and (2) evaluate effects on physical activity level and recreational exercise.Materials and Methods: Out of 105 participants initially randomized to either an intervention group, n = 52 (twice weekly group-exercises and physical activity counselling) or control group, n = 53 (standard prenatal care), 80 women (76.2%) participated in the present long-term follow-up study, performed in a general community in Oslo, Norway. Data were collected through a standardized telephone interview based on the baseline protocol and a modified Physical Activity and Pregnancy Questionnaire (PAPQ). Body weight at 6 years follow-up was self-reported (kg), and calculation of current BMI (kg/m2) was based on self-reported weight and measured height at study inclusion. Investigators were unaware of the original randomization at the time of the interviews. Analyses of covariance were used to examine the difference in change in body weight and BMI between the groups. Even though the MET-values were not normally distributed, differences were examined using a two-sided independent sample t-test due to large sample size (n ≥ 30).Results: At 6 years follow-up there were no differences in mean BMI (kg/m2) (24.0 ± 3.8 versus 24.8 ± 4.0, p = .37), physical activity level (4167 ± 2638 versus 3925 ± 3075 MET-min/week, p = .67) or recreational exercise (630 ± 1290 versus 720 ± 1005 MET-min/week, p = .88) between the intervention and control group, respectively. Subgroup analysis of participants with high adherence during the intervention 6 years ago (≥24 prenatal exercise classes), showed a positive intervention effect at long-term follow up in body weight (kg) (62.8 ± 7.9 versus 70.8 ± 11.8, p = .03) and BMI (kg/m2) (22.5 ± 3.1 versus 24.8 ± 4.0, p = .05), and none (versus 11 in the control group) had gained ≥5 kg compared to prepregnancy weight (p = .02).Conclusions: Women who adhered to the original prenatal exercise intervention demonstrated significantly lower body weight and BMI at 6-year follow-up. Otherwise, no long-term intervention effect was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical students as future physicians will have an important role in tobacco control; therefore, their tobacco use behavior is of particular interest. Consumption of combustible tobacco (cigarettes, waterpipes, cigars, and pipes) is prevalent throughout Europe, whereas smokeless tobacco use is common mainly in the Nordic countries. Objectives: Aim of our study is to assess tobacco use among medical students from different countries studying in Hungary with special focus on students from Norway where smokeless tobacco is widely used. A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out to measure current tobacco use. Results: The survey included 1337 students from Hungary, Norway, Germany, and from other countries (Multinational group). The lowest prevalence of cigarette smoking was found among students from Norway (13.0%) when compared with students from Hungary (21.5%), Germany (34.2%), or with students in the Multinational group (29.5%). Conversely, prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was the highest among students from Norway (40.9%) when compared with students from Hungary (1.4%), Germany (2.6%), or with students in the Multinational group (6.2%). Waterpipes, cigars, and pipes were rarely used, mostly only 1–3 times a month in all groups. More than half of Norwegian students used some form of tobacco (smokeless and/or combustible tobacco). Conclusions: Considering the impending role of medical students in tobacco control, faculties of medicine should sensitize their students on the topic of possible health risks associated with combustible and smokeless tobacco products. Culturally tailored tobacco cessation programs need to be offered to medical students coming from different cultural backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early detection of frailty is essential to prevent or delay disability. The most appropriate screening tool for frailty among home-dwelling older adults is under debate. The present study estimates the prevalence of frailty among older adults, first-time applicants of public home care service in Norway, and investigates the appropriateness of gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery as screening-tools for frailty. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 116 older adults >65 years applying for public home care service for the first time. Frailty was assessed by an adapted version of the Fried Frailty Phenotype. The test accuracies of gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery to detect frailty were calculated for a general population >70 years in Norway. 62.1% of the participants were frail, 29.3% were prefrail, and 8.6% were robust. Mean gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery-scores were significantly lower in frail compared to prefrail individuals, and significantly lower in prefrail compared to robust individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of gait speed at a cut point of 0.8 m/s to detect physical frailty phenotype was 99% and 68%, respectively. The high prevalence of frailty in the present study indicates that screening for frailty should be considered at an earlier time point than when older adults apply for public home care service for the first time. Gait speed may be an appropriate screening tool for frailty in a general population >70 years in Norway. The prevalence of frailty among older adults, first-time applicants of public home care services in Norway is major. Screening for frailty should be considered before older adults apply for public home care service for the first time. Gait speed at a cut point at 0.8 m/s may be an appropriate screening tool for frailty in a general population >70 years in Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate factors that predict partnered sexual activity in men and women aged 60–75 years from Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. A cross-sectional study including national representative samples of people aged 60–75 years from Norway (676 men, 594 women), Denmark (530 men, 515 women), Belgium (318 men, 672 women), and Portugal (236 men, 273 women). Data were collected by means of anonymous questionnaires. Generally, across countries, the two most important predictors of partnered sexual activity were positive attitudes toward "Sex for well-being," and sexual problems in the partner. Other important predictors of partnered sexual activity included positive attitudes toward sexual changes due to aging, previous sexual activity, and relationship happiness. The sexual function of the partner and people's own sexual attitudes were highly predictive of partnered sexual activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Family Needs Questionnaire-Revised (FNQ-R) in family members of individuals living with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). A total of 309 family members of individuals with severe TBI from Colombia, Denmark, Mexico, Norway and Spain participated. Rasch analysis of the FNQ-R and its 6 subscales was conducted. The Rasch analysis indicated a lack of fit of the 37-item FNQ-R to one single underlying construct of needs, and less than half of the items were invariant across the countries. Misfit of single items was revealed in the Need for Health Information, Need for Emotional Support, Need for Instrumental Support, Need for Professional Support and Need for Community Support Network subscales. Fit to the Rasch model was obtained after removal of misfitting items. The Involvement in Care subscale had too few items to be adequately assessed by the Rasch approach. The FNQ-R is a well-targeted instrument for assessing the unmet needs of caregivers regarding the need for health information, emotional support, professional support and a community support network after some scoring adjustment and the removal of misfitting items. Caution should be taken when comparing responses across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nursing home residents may have difficulty maintaining occupational balance. The study aimed to explore occupational balance in nursing home residents, and examine the association between occupational balance and quality of life in this group. Methods: Forty-six nursing home residents (age range 69-101 years) in Norway were recruited to participate. The data were analyzed descriptively and with independent t-tests and Spearman's correlation coefficient rho (rs). Results: The participants' occupational balance (M = 20.7) was in the higher end of the scale. In the total sample, occupational balance and quality of life were not significantly associated (rs = 0.18, p = 0.23). However, splitting the sample by gender revealed a positive association for men (rs = 0.61, p = 0.01), while it was absent for women (rs = −0.00, p = 0.99). Conclusion: When assessing occupational balance and its correlates in elderly nursing home residents, gender appears important to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance understanding of parental relationships following the loss of a child, a questionnaire was sent to members of Norwegian bereavement support organizations. The sample consisted of 175 couples. Using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), we found that an individual's ability to talk to a partner about own feelings positively correlated with fewer problems and higher satisfaction and cohesion in the couple. Couples felt closer to one another following the loss and were pleased with their relationship. Early intervention may help couples navigate the changes necessitated in a relationship by the loss of a child and prevent negative dyadic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine main health issues in a population of females with Rett syndrome, with a focus on individuals aged 36 or older. Methods: A national survey including 85 females, divided into a younger (1–20 years), a middle (21–35 years) and an older group (36–66 years). Data include clinical examination, medical records and parental interviews. Prevalences of six main medical issues (scoliosis, ambulation, growth, respiration, gastrointestinal dysmobility and epilepsy) and severity scores in the three groups were compared. Results: Mean severity scores were 11.8, 15.1 and 13.7 (from younger to older), and the difference between the younger and the middle group was significant. No other major significant prevalence differences were observed. Conclusions: Most main medical issues in Rett syndrome continued to be a major concern in adulthood, but health did not seem to decline with increasing age. The results emphasize the need for clinical follow-up throughout adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare professionals' attitudes play a significant role in influencing team behavior, and thereby affect the quality and safety of patient care. Culturally adapted and validated questionnaires may contribute valuable knowledge of professionals' attitudes toward teamwork. The aim of the study was to translate and cross-validate the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitude Questionnaire (T-TAQ) into Norwegian, and to test the questionnaire for psychometric properties among Norwegian healthcare professionals. The T-TAQ, measuring five dimensions of attitude towards teamwork, was translated according to a model of back translation. Healthcare professionals (N = 247) from various hospital settings responded. A Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), test–retest reliability, Cronbach's alpha, and McDonald's omega were conducted. The inter-correlation test of the T-TAQ dimensions ranged from 0.16 to 0.54. The CFA showed a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation of (RMSEA) = 0.061. Test-retest showed Intraclass Correlation Coefficient scores from 0.73 to 0.86, with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega demonstrating values from 0.53 to 0.76 (alpha) and 0.57 to 0.76 (omega) on the five dimensions. The Norwegian version of T-TAQ revealed potential concerning the psychometric property for measuring healthcare professionals' attitudes toward teamwork in hospital settings. Further testing with a sample that is more proportionally composed in terms of an interprofessional mix is therefore proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ongoing changes in healthcare delivery systems in Norway increasingly require community-based services, and the changes will likely affect the working conditions and opportunities for occupational therapists. Aim: To characterize occupational therapy in community-based practice in Norway. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey design was applied using a questionnaire related to personal and organizational characteristics. Participants (n = 561) were recruited among community-working occupational therapists in Norway registered as members of Ergoterapeutene. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of the participants was female and had an average of 16.5 years of professional experience. They reported to spend about half of their working hours on direct work with clients. For many, work with assistive technology was a main task, accounting for approximately half their working hours. Only a small proportion worked in municipalities that had merged with others, but for a larger proportion (27%) a merger had been decided and was in preparation. Conclusion: This study established some basic information regarding Norwegian community-based occupational therapy and the municipalities where occupational therapists work. Significance: With this study serving as a baseline, we may be able to track how changes will affect community-based occupational therapy practice in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is growing interest in interventions that promote positive outcomes and well-being for people with aphasia (PWA) and their families, but provision is inconsistent. An asset-based approach, based on the theory of salutogenesis, focuses on what makes you well rather than ill. This approach has been used successfully across a variety of research fields, including health and social care research and practice, and has the potential to provide coherent strategies to support people living successfully with aphasia. Aim: To explore the relevance and potential of an asset-based approach to promoting and sustaining well-being for PWA and their families, across contexts and cultures. Methods & procedures: Exploratory case studies were carried out in the United Kingdom (UK), Norway, Israel, Ireland, and Denmark in a variety of settings. Following an interpretative paradigm, we used qualitative methods including: interviews; appreciative inquiry; group discussions; and participatory action research. 95 PWA and 25 family members were asked to identify assets within themselves and their communities that promote, sustain and maintain well-being, by responding to: "What makes you feel good/well/healthy?" Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Outcomes & results: An asset-based approach proved to be a powerful means for PWA and family members to explore what helps them live well with aphasia. Key themes were identified: (1) personal journey; (2) helping others; (3) connecting to self; (4) connecting to others; (5) recreation; and (6) personal attributes. Self-identification of assets, within the person and their community, and connections to these, helped PWA and their family members to maintain well-being, overcome barriers and regain confidence. Using this approach, focusing on the person's recognition, activation and mobilisation of assets, could enhance the person's understanding and restore meaning around the stroke and onset of aphasia. Conclusion: This novel exploratory research demonstrates the relevance and potential across diverse cultural contexts of taking an asset-based approach to promoting and sustaining well-being for PWA and their families. Focusing on maintaining connections to these assets and developing meaning around the event, could prevent some of the negative sequela of stroke. The "patient–professional" relationship must transform into a collaborative partnership, with time and flexibility needed to introduce this approach. Further research should examine how service providers and PWA could develop and operationalise an asset-based approach in clinical and community settings and identify if there is an optimum timing for introducing this approach along the stroke pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the Austrian health care system using the ecology of care model. Our secondary aim was to compare data from Austria with those available from other countries. Design: 3508 interviews employing a 30-item questionnaire related to the utilization of the health care system including demographic factors were conducted. Participants were chosen by a Random Digital Dialing procedure. Further, a literature review of studies of other countries use of the ecology of care model was conducted. Main outcome measures: Austria has one of the highest utilization of health care services in any of the assessed categories. The comparison with the literature review shows that Austria has the highest utilization of specialists working in the outpatient sector as well as the highest hospitalization rates. Taiwan and Korea have comparable utilization patterns. Canada, Sweden, and Norway are countries with lower utilization patterns, and the U.S. and Japan are intermediate. Conclusion: In Austria and similarly organized countries, high utilization of all health care services can be observed, in particular, the utilization of specialists and hospitalizations. The over-utilization of all levels of health care in Austria may be due to the lack of a clear demarcation line between the primary and secondary levels of care, and the presence of universal health coverage, which also allows for unrestricted and undirected access to all levels of care. Previous studies have shown that comparable countries lack the health benefits of a strong primary care system with its coordination function. In Austria and similarly organized countries, there appears to be high utilization of health care in general, as well as with particular utilization of specialists and hospitalizations. The high utilization of all levels of care in Austria may be the result of competition, lack of a clear demarcation line between the primary and secondary level of care, and the presence of universal health coverage. Pathways between primary and secondary care should be strengthened as previous studies have shown that comparable countries lack the health benefits of strong primary care and its function for health care coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hearing loss (HL) and general quality of life (QoL) in adults seeking hearing aids (HAs). Design: The patients completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire's general part and a questionnaire measuring self-assessed communication ability (Abbreviated Profile of hearing Aid Benefit—APHAB). These responses were compared with EORTC scores from a general population and patients with former head and neck cancer. Study sample: One-hundred and fifty-eight adults with HL were recruited prior to hearing aid (HA) fitting with one half seeking renewal of their HA. Results: General QoL scores among patients with HL were similar to those in the general population, but higher than in many chronic serious diseases. Patients with unilateral HL reported slightly worse social function and more fatigue than patients with bilateral HL. Self-assessed communication ability correlated with general QoL scores. Also, we found that best ear pure tone average (PTA), cognitive and physical QoL function predicted APHAB scores. Conclusion: In the investigated HL group, general QoL scores seem to be relatively close to those seen in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]