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A new acylated iridoid, valejatadoid H ( 1 ), along with fourteen known compounds, were obtained from the n -BuOH extract of the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi , and their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods. Among them, compounds 8 , 11 and 13 exhibited potent inhibition on NO production, with IC 50 values of 4.21, 6.08 and 20.36 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 14 and 15 showed anti-influenza virus activities, among which compound 14 exhibited significant effect with an IC 50 value of 0.99 μM.

A new norsesquiterpene, wilfordonol E ( 1 ), and a new lignan, dipsalignan E ( 3 ), together with a known norsesquiterpene and eleven known lignans were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi . The structures of new compounds were determined by their NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Additionally, some compounds were evaluated for their anti-influenza A virus effects.

Seventeen quinolizidine alkaloids, including a new matrine-type one, sophcence A ( 1 ), were isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens Alt. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data. The NMR data of (-)- Δ 7 -dehydrosophoramine ( 10 ) and oxy- N -methylcytisine ( 12 ) were reported for the first time. In addition, (+)-sophoranol ( 4 ) exhibited moderate inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC 50 value of 22.14 μM, while lupanine ( 17 ) was found to inhibit the growth of human glioma stem cells GSC-3# at 20 μg/mL.

A new prenylated 3-benzoxepin derivative, elsholtzioxin ( 1 ), together with fifteen known compounds ( 2 - 16 ) were isolated from the whole parts of Elsholtzia penduliflora. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques and chemical evidences. The antiviral activities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro . The new compound ( 1 ) exhibited potential anti-influenza virus activity against strain A/WSN/33/2009 (H1N1) with inhibition rate of 47.19%. Compounds 2 , 9 and 12 exhibited significant inhibitory activities with IC 50 value of 26.16, 34.66 and 20.81 μM, respectively.

One new sterpurane sesquiterpene ( 1 ), named (3 R ,6 S ,7 S ,8 R ,10 S )-3,7,14-trihydroxy-1-sterpurene was isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Pholiota nameko. The structure of new compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic. Additionally, a single crystal X-ray diffraction not only confirmed the structure, but also determined the absolute configuration of the new compound. The compound was evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, but no significant cytotoxicity were found (IC 50 values > 40 μM).

Six new compounds, including three terpenoids ( 1 - 3 ) and three lignans ( 4 - 6 ), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the twigs of Tripterygium hypoglaucum . Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. 9'- O -benzoyl-lariciresinol ( 4 ) showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2/Adr cells, with an IC 50 value of 30.1  μ M in vitro .

A new protostane-type triterpenoid bearing an oxetane ring in the side-chain, named alisol W ( 1 ), has been obtained from the dried rhizome of Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale . The structure and absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined from extensive spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the vasorelaxant activity and the inhibition on 11β -HSD1 of compound 1 were also evaluated, however, it didn't show remarkable effects.

Two new sesquiterpenes ( 1-2 ), along with one known sesquiterpene ( 3 ), were isolated from cultures of the higher fungus Pholiota nameko. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. The known compound was identified by comparing its spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines.

Actinomycin Z 6 (1), a new member of the actinomycin family, along with three congeners of the Z-type (Z 1 , Z 3 , Z 5 ) actinomycins, are produced from Streptomyces sp. KIB-H714. Their structures were authenticated by comprehensive spectroscopic data interpretation. Different from all the reported Z-type actinomycins, the β-ring of the new compound actinomycin Z 6 includes an additional ring linked between the actinoyl chromophore and β-peptidolactone. In Z 3 and Z 5 , the L-threonine in β-depsipeptide is replaced by the unusual 4-chlorothreonine, an amino acid rarely found in actinomycin family. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines and for inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.

Onosmanones A (1) and B (2), two novel quinonoid xanthenes with two geranyl groups, have been isolated from the whole plants of Onosma paniculatum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques.

A new flavonoid glycoside, eriodictyol 7-O-(6″-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated from the whole plants of Elsholtzia bodinieri. All of the structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformation. Compound 1 and luteolin (9) exhibited potent anti-HCV activities with a selective index of 135.85 and 20.84, respectively.

Six Diels-Alder adducts (1-6) and nine prenylated flavanones (7-15) were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. Among them, soroceal B (1) and sanggenol Q (7) were new compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15 exhibited cytotoxic activity against five human tumour lines and compound 2 inhibited significantly selective cytotoxic activities towards HL-60 and AGS cells with IC50 of 3.4 and 3.6 μM. Compounds 3, 5, 9 and 12 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7.