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324 results

262. The Impact of Elastic Deformations of the Extracellular Matrix on Cell Migration

Author

Adam Malik, Bernt Wennberg, and Philip Gerlee

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Materials science, animal structures, General Mathematics, Immunology, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, Matrix (mathematics), 0302 clinical medicine, Position (vector), Cell Movement, medicine, Cell Adhesion, Humans, Cell migration, Computer Simulation, General Environmental Science, Pharmacology, Stochastic Processes, Durotaxis, Deformation (mechanics), General Neuroscience, technology, industry, and agriculture, Stiffness, Stochastic simulation, Adhesion, Mechanics, Mathematical Concepts, Elasticity, Biomechanical Phenomena, Extracellular Matrix, 030104 developmental biology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Cellular Microenvironment, Original Article, Mathematical modeling, medicine.symptom, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Constant (mathematics), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Algorithms
Abstract

The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, in particular its stiffness, are known to impact cell migration. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of a single cell migrating on an elastic matrix, which accounts for the deformation of the matrix induced by forces exerted by the cell, and investigate how the stiffness impacts the direction and speed of migration. We model a cell in 1D as a nucleus connected to a number of adhesion sites through elastic springs. The cell migrates by randomly updating the position of its adhesion sites. We start by investigating the case where the cell springs are constant, and then go on to assuming that they depend on the matrix stiffness, on matrices of both uniform stiffness as well as those with a stiffness gradient. We find that the assumption that cell springs depend on the substrate stiffness is necessary and sufficient for an efficient durotactic response. We compare simulations to recent experimental observations of human cancer cells exhibiting durotaxis, which show good qualitative agreement.

Published
2020

300. Privacy-Preserving Hypothesis Testing for Reduced Cancer Risk on Daily Physical Activity

Author

Shigeta Ikuji, Hiroaki Kikuchi, Manami Inoue, and Xuping Huang

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), Computer science, Epidemiology, Medicine (miscellaneous), Health Informatics, 02 engineering and technology, Encryption, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Health informatics, Risk Assessment, Set (abstract data type), Age Distribution, Health Information Management, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Privacy-preserving data mining, Data Mining, Humans, Confidentiality, Sex Distribution, Exercise, Computer Security, computer.programming_language, Statistical hypothesis testing, Protocol (science), business.industry, 020207 software engineering, Hypothesis testing, Privacy, Research Design, Identity (object-oriented programming), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Education & Training, computer, Algorithms, Information Systems
Abstract

Privacy preserving data mining for medical information is an important issue to guarantee confidentiality of integrated multiple data sets. In this paper, we propose a secured scheme to estimate related risk of cancers accurately and effectively in a privacy-preserving way. We study models to configure the appropriate set of attributes to reduce risk of identity of an individual from being determined. We examine the proposed privacy preserving protocol for encrypted hypothesis test, using actual cohort data supplied by National Cancer Center.

Published
2018