Search

A Multi-environment probability density function (MEPDF) approach coupled with a tabulated chemistry has been developed to numerically investigate the flame structure under Moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion with strong flow reversal. The tabulated chemistry is represented by Flamelet generated manifolds (FGM). To realistically represent the highly recirculated flameless combustion, we employed the chemistry database using laminar premixed flamelets rather than laminar diffusion flamelets. Moreover, the present FGM-based MEPDF realistically accounts for the heat loss effects caused by convective heat transfer at the wall. Numerical results in this study were validated against experimental data. Based on numerical results, detailed discussions were made for the essential features of the highly recirculated flameless combustion.

Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) is a dietary Brassica vegetable with noted health-beneficial properties associated with its numerous metabolites. The aim of this study was to elucidate phenotypic variation between the two cultivars through comprehensive analysis of the relationship of their primary and secondary metabolites. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) are considered useful tools for profiling primary and secondary metabolites. A total of 45 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and an amine, were identified in pale green and purple kohlrabies using GC-TOFMS-based metabolic profiling. The resulting data sets were analyzed by principal component analysis to determine the overall variation, and the purple and pale green vegetables were separated by the score plots generated. Additionally, HPLC analysis of anthocyanins in both cultivars revealed that green kohlrabies did not contain any anthocyanidins, while 11 anthocyanins were quantified in the purple ones. Cyanidin was the dominant anthocyanin found in the purple cultivar, with cyanidin-3-(feruloyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside being the major one. This study suggests that GC-TOFMS and HPLC are suitable tools to determine metabolic connection among various metabolites and describe phenotypic variation between green and purple kohlrabies.

Unfortunately, in the online published article, the second author’s given name was wrongly published. The correct given name should be “Hyeon Ji”. Similarly the fourth author’s given name and family name was swapped. The given name should be “Ye Eun” and family name should be “Park”.