FGM-based non-adiabatic multi-environment PDF modeling for MILD combustion processes with the strong flow reversal

A Multi-environment probability density function (MEPDF) approach coupled with a tabulated chemistry has been developed to numerically investigate the flame structure under Moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion with strong flow reversal. The tabulated chemistry is represented by Flamelet generated manifolds (FGM). To realistically represent the highly recirculated flameless combustion, we employed the chemistry database using laminar premixed flamelets rather than laminar diffusion flamelets. Moreover, the present FGM-based MEPDF realistically accounts for the heat loss effects caused by convective heat transfer at the wall. Numerical results in this study were validated against experimental data. Based on numerical results, detailed discussions were made for the essential features of the highly recirculated flameless combustion.