1. Acetate mediates a microbiome–brain–β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome
- Author
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Liang Peng, Kitt Falk Petersen, Richard G. Kibbey, Dongyan Zhang, Gerald I. Shulman, Natasha A. Barry, Andrew L. Goodman, Rebecca L. Cardone, Rachel J. Perry, and Gary W. Cline
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Acetates ,Hyperphagia ,Gut flora ,Diet, High-Fat ,digestive system ,03 medical and health sciences ,Parasympathetic nervous system ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Parasympathetic Nervous System ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Internal medicine ,Insulin Secretion ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Microbiome ,Metabolic Syndrome ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Mechanism (biology) ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Brain ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Ghrelin ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Rats ,Glucose ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Metabolic syndrome ,Ghrelin secretion - Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are associated with changes to the gut microbiota; however, the mechanism by which modifications to the gut microbiota might lead to these conditions is unknown. Here we show that increased production of acetate by an altered gut microbiota in rodents leads to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which, in turn, promotes increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased ghrelin secretion, hyperphagia, obesity and related sequelae. Together, these findings identify increased acetate production resulting from a nutrient-gut microbiota interaction and subsequent parasympathetic activation as possible therapeutic targets for obesity.
- Published
- 2016