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Given the increasing concern about chemical exposure from textiles, our study examines the risks of dermal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol F (BPF) from conventional and recycled textiles for adults, aiming to obtain new data, assess exposure, and evaluate the impact of washing on bisphenol levels. A total of 57 textile samples (33 from recycled and 24 from conventional material) were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-MS/MS). The BPA and BPS concentrations varied widely (BPA: < 0.050 to 625 ng/g, BPS: 0.277–2,474 ng/g). The median BPA content in recycled textiles (13.5 ng/g) was almost twice as high as that of 7.66 ng/g in conventional textiles. BPS showed a median of 1.85 ng/g in recycled textiles and 3.42 ng/g in conventional textiles, indicating a shift from BPA to BPS in manufacturing practices. Simulated laundry experiments showed an overall reduction in bisphenols concentrations after washing. The study also assessed potential health implications via dermal exposure to dry and sweat-wet textiles compared to a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.2 ng/kg bw/day for BPA set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Exposure from dry textiles remained below this threshold, while exposure from wet textiles often exceeded it, indicating an increased risk under conditions that simulate sweating or humidity. By finding the widespread presence of bisphenols in textiles, our study emphasises the importance of being aware of the potential risks associated with recycling materials as well as the benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the pressing issue of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater was addressed by designing and fabricating a magnetically separable MnFe2O4/rGO heterostructure catalyst for efficient mineralization of bisphenol A (BPA) and dyes such as alizarin red S (anionic) and malachite green (cationic), which are known for their resistance to biodegradation and carcinogenic properties. Comprehensive structural and surface analyses using XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM/HRTEM coupled with magnetic and optical property measurements revealed the formation of the MnFe2O4/rGO heterostructures. Among all, the MnFe2O4/rGO-10 catalyst with 10% wt% of rGO exhibited 100% efficiency in the mineralization of BPA and both dyes under visible light illumination within 60 min. The stability and recyclability of the catalyst, assessed through XRD and VSM studies, demonstrated its consistent performance over multiple uses. The cost-effectiveness and stability of this catalyst underscore its potential for practical application in wastewater treatment, offering a viable solution to the persistent challenge of removing stubborn organic contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common environmental pollutant, and its specific mechanisms in cancer development and its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment are not yet fully understood. Methods: Transcriptome data from osteosarcoma (OS) patients were downloaded from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. BPA-related genes were identified through the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), yielding 177 genes. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the GSE162454 dataset from the Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub 2 (TISCH2). We constructed the prognostic model using univariate Cox regression and LASSO analysis. The model was validated using the GSE16091 dataset. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses were performed to investigate the mechanisms of BPA-related genes. Results: A total of 15 BPA-related genes were identified as differentially expressed in OS. Univariate Cox regression and LASSO analysis identified four key prognostic genes (FOLR1, MYC, ESRRA, VEGFA). The prognostic model exhibited strong predictive performance with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.89, 0.6, and 0.79 for predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival, respectively. External validation using the GSE16091 dataset confirmed the model's high accuracy with AUC values exceeding 0.88. Our results indicated that the prognosis of the high-risk population is generally poorer, which may be associated with alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. In the high-risk group, immune cells showed predominantly low expression levels, while immune checkpoint genes were significantly overexpressed, along with markedly elevated tumor purity. These findings revealed a correlation between upregulation of BPA-related genes and formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading to unfavorable patient outcomes. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the significant association of BPA with OS biology, particularly in its potential role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. We offered a fresh insight into the influence of BPA on cancer development, thus providing valuable insights for future clinical interventions and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid method is developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in ethanolic extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The GC–MS method has acquired reference status in accredited analytical laboratories in identifying contaminant impurities in food and alcohol products. Bisphenol A is used as a monomer in the production of a number of plastics and epoxy resins; in its free form, it can be contained in quantities exceeding the permissible level in food containers. Bisphenol A can accumulate in a human body and cause harmful health effects. The studies were performed on an Agilent 8890 gas chromatograph equipped with a mass selective detector model 5977B and a 30 m long Ultra ALLOY®-5 UA5-30M-0.25F capillary column. Optimal modes for the determination of bisphenol A in ethanolic extracts were selected. The direct determination of BPA in ethyl solutions without derivatization using GC–MS can be recommended for the development of procedures for monitoring the quality and safety of food packaging, monitoring BPA in alcohol-containing liquids, as well as in forensic medical examination as a reference procedure to confirm the reliability of BPA identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and a ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate) is proposed as a sorbent for the extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) from bottom sediments by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The saturation magnetization of the synthesized sorbent is 34 emu/g. Grinding of bottom sediments and subsequent grinding with a sorbent was carried out in a ball mill. Some stages of MSPD were partially automated, in particular, the procedures of magnetic separation, BPA desorption, and sorbent regeneration. The recovery of BPA under the experimentally selected conditions (sorbent mass 0.5 g, time required to grind the sorbent 5 min) was 94%. The sorbent can withstand four sorption-desorption cycles without a loss of sorption capacity. To purify the matrix from interferents, washing with n-heptane was proposed. Bisphenol A was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after derivatization with acetic anhydride. The analytical characteristics of the method were established using model samples of bottom sediments artificially contaminated with BPA. The limit of determination using the developed method is 0.1 μg/kg, the linearity range of the calibration curve is 0.3–12 μg/kg (r2 = 0.994). As real samples for analysis, we used bottom sediments selected near the discharge of wastewater treatment plants in the city of Voronezh (Voronezh River and Don River). The BPA concentration in bottom sediments is 3.83–6.52 μg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash, poses environmental risks if not managed responsibly, potentially causing soil, air, and water pollution. However, within a circular economy framework, the reuse of fly ash can mitigate these issues. In this investigation, fly ash (FA) sourced from thermal power plants has been employed following alkaline activation to improve the activity of carbon paste electrode (CPE) toward the detection of bisphenol A (BPA). The initial phase involved characterizing both FA and the modified FA (MFA) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Afterwards, the cost-effective electrochemical sensor (MFA/CPE) was utilized for the bisphenol A (BPA) detection in water samples. Several parameters influencing the anodic striping voltammetric (ASV) response of BPA have been carefully optimized. In particular the MFA/CPE ratio, the pH of the medium as well as the time and the deposition potential. The optimum amount of activated FA (MFA) used in carbon paste modification, exhibiting the best electrocatalytic activity for BPA oxidation, was 2.5%. Under optimal experimental conditions, the calibration plot exhibits linearity within the concentration range of 2.5 to 125 µM. Furthermore, the developed sensor demonstrated low detection limits of 0.31 µM and quantification capability at approximately 1.02 µM, improving its sensitivity for the detection of BPA. Interference experiments show that Hydroquinone (HQ) and Catechol (CC) do not exert any impact on the accuracy of BPA determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used environmental toxicant, is easily exposed to the human body and causes testicular damage, sperm abnormalities, DNA damage and apoptosis, and interferes in the process spermatogenesis and steroidal hormone production along with obstruction in testes and epididymis development. Zinc (Zn), a potent regulator of antioxidant balance, is responsible for cellular homeostasis, enzymes and proteins activities during spermatogenesis for cell defence mechanisms in the testes. Selenium (Se) is required for spermatogenesis, antioxidant action and in the activities of different selenoproteins. Both Zn and Se are essential simultaneously for the proper regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation as well as protection against chemical and disease-associated germ cell toxicity. Thus, the study aimed to understand the importance and beneficial effect of Zn and Se co-treatment against BPA-exposed testicular damage in rats. BPA 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was exposed through an oral gavage. Zn (3 mg/kg/day) i.p. and Se (0.5 mg/kg/day) i.p. were injected for 8 weeks. The testicular toxicity was evaluated by measuring body and organs weight, biochemical investigations, sperm parameters, testicular and epididymal histopathology, quantification DNA damage by halo assay, DNA breaks (TUNEL assay), immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results revealed that Zn and Se co-treatment ameliorated BPA-associated male gonadal toxicity in rat as revealed by decreased SGPT, SGOT and BUN levels in serum, reduced testes and epididymis tissue injury, DNA breaks, apoptosis, expressions of 8-OHdG, γ-H2AX and NFκB with an increased serum testosterone and catalase levels. These findings suggest that Zn and Se co-treatment could be a beneficial and protective option against BPA-exposed testicular and epididymal toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical endocrine disrupter, bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment could damage the reproductive and endocrine system of humans and mammals. Hence, the precise removal of BPA from the environment becomes increasingly urgent. In this work, we employ Pickering emulsion polymerization to prepare the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres containing specific binding sites for the precise recognition of BPA through the non-covalent molecular imprinting strategy. In the process of polymerization, TiO2 nanoparticles are used as the sole emulsifier to build the Pickering oil/water emulsion system followed by the radical polymerization. The template molecules of BPA could be eluted from the polymer microspheres by continuous Soxhlet extraction. The obtained MIP microspheres were characterized with the help of optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. The MIP microspheres present regularly spherical structures with a relative broad size distribution. The chemical structure and thermal stability of MIP and non-imprinted polymer (NIPs) microspheres also were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry, respectively. The formation of specific imprinted sites on the MIPs was validated through a batch of rebinding experiments, including the binding kinetics, binding isotherm and selective experiment. Moreover, the obtained MIP microspheres could be regenerated and recycled at least five cycles without significant loss of binding capacity. The MIP microspheres would have broad application prospects in the environmental and analytical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as key molecular regulators in most of intracellular processes essential for plant adaptation to environmental changes. microRNAs can mediate regulation of gene expression involved in development, acquisition of nutrients, defense and interactions with soil microorganisms to enhance stress tolerance of plants. Accumulating evidences indicate that microRNAs are also transferred within cells, organs or whole plant and released in soil as stress signals of the plant-microbiome communication. However, little information is available about how mobile microRNAs are conveyed from plants to the rhizosphere. To understand whether this intriguing phenomenon occurs through root secretion, morphological changes, Peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes activities, as well as the expression profiles of developmental and oxidative stress responsive microRNAs were analyzed in root tissues and exudates collected from wheat (triticum aestivum) exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) at low and high concentrations (0.1 and 5000 mg. kg−1 soil). BPA contamination significantly affected aerial and root biomass, and miR164, miR167 and miR398 expression in roots of the group that received the highest dose. The presence of miR156, miR164, miR167 was detected in root exudates of controls and contaminated plants while BPA exposure increased miR 167 levels in exudates at high dose. Collectively, this experiment provided first results reporting microRNAs regulatory network participation in the BPA stress response of wheat. The identification of microRNAs as integral component of the root exudates will extend our knowledge about the molecular signaling in plant—soil microbiome interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The levels of three phenolic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), NP, BPA and 4-t-OP were determined in water and sediment collected from sites along the Xiangjiang River, Zunyi, China. The NP, BPA and 4-t-OP concentrations ranged from 18.02 to 311.79 ng/L in the surface water, 16.04–408.12 ng/L in the submerged water, and 21.13–892.37 μg/kg dw in the sediment. NP contamination was most severe in both the river water and sediment. The ranges of the three phenolic EDCs were slightly greater in the submerged water than in the surface water (p > 0.05). The concentrations in the middle reaches were greater than those in the upstream and downstream reaches in both the water and sediment, and significant differences in content were detected in some reaches. The levels of three phenolic EDCs in the water and sediment had a positive correlation. In addition, the distribution coefficient (Kd) indicated that NP was more likely to adsorb to the sediment, and BPA and 4-t-OP were more likely to adsorb to river water. Moreover, the risk quotient (RQ) and hazard quotients (HQ) were used to reveal the environmental and health risks caused by coexposure to the three phenolic pollutants. The results showed that the current pollution is a threat to the environment of the study area and not a threat to the health of the local population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic pollution is becoming increasingly severe and is attracting global attention. One of its consequences is the recent discovery of micropollutant discharge into water, with Bisphenol A (BA-MP) being a typical example. This study utilizes an advanced oxidation process based on Pt-doped ZnO photocatalyst to remove BA-MP. Health concerns related to the release of BA-MP from plastic waste are discussed. Besides, the results of the photodegradation experiment show that the Pt-ZnO photocatalyst can remove 94.1% of BA-MP within 60 min when exposed to solar light. Moreover, after five reuse cycles, Pt-ZnO retains a high BA-MP removal efficiency of 71.2%, and its structure remains largely unchanged compared to the original material. The removal efficiency of BA-MP leaching from plastic waste was measured at 98.8%, confirming the suitability of Pt-ZnO for the treatment of micropollutants. Furthermore, this study also highlights the prospects and challenges of using Pt-ZnO for the treatment of micropollutants discharged from plastic waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonate plastics that has been implicated in memory impairment. The present study investigated the effect of carnosic acid (CA) on memory deficit induced by BPA and the role of Akt in this mechanism. First, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 20 nM BPA and 1 μM CA for 12 h. The results showed that treatment of CA with BPA improved the alternation of IRS-1/Akt/GSK-3β as well as the induction of ApoE and Ser396p-tau. Moreover, treatment of CA with BPA restored the signaling involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) effect, leading to induction of synaptic-related proteins, such as PSD-95, synapsin1a, and pro-BDNF. Wortmannin treatment alleviated the reversal by CA. Then, C57BL/6 J male mice were orally administered with CA to test the memory function in BPA treatment. The results showed that CA and RE can improve BPA-induced impairment of motor, recognition, and spatial memory by using open-field test (OFT), novel objective recognition test (NOR), and Y-maze test, respectively. Moreover, CA and RE improved the phosphorylation of tau and the reduction of PSD-95, synapsin1a, and pro-BDNF proteins induced by BPA. Therefore, the results indicated that CA decreased the phosphorylated tau and memory impairment induced by BPA through Akt pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been extensively applied for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which has gained increasing attention due to its ubiquitous presence and adverse effect on ecosystems and human health. Various biological strategies (such as BPA biodegradation by bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants) have been developed to address BPA contamination issue. This review systematically summarized and analyzed recent advances in biological methods for BPA degradation, including bacterial, fungal, algal, and plants, highlighting the efficiency and mechanisms of BPA degradation. By analyzing the common intermediates of BPA biodegradation by bacteria, fungi, algae and plants reported in previous studies, the typical biodegradation pathways were proposed. The review further addressed the contentious topic of anaerobic BPA degradation, noting the scarcity of definitive evidence endorsing this process. Further, the common enzymes and typical enzymatic reactions involved in the biodegradation process of BPA were summarized. This review will deepen the understanding of BPA biodegradation, leading to the discovery of more efficient microorganisms and highly effective enzymatic catalysts for remediating BPA contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource utilization of waste masks has become an urgent scientific issue. In this work, with sustainably, waste masks and biomass were co-pyrolysis with oxygen limitation to prepare mask-based biochar (MB). Then, urea was introduced to prepare novel nitrogen modified mask-based biochar (NMB) via a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. The adsorption characteristics of NMB on the emerging environmental pollutant, bisphenol A (BPA), were evaluated via batch adsorption tests. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized with various advanced techniques. Also, the roles of waste masks and nitrogen modification were explored. The adsorption mechanisms of NMB on BPA were revealed as well as the performance differences between different adsorbents. The results showed that waste masks participated in thermochemical reactions, shaped the microsphere structure of biochar, and increased the types of surface functional groups. The nitrogen modification enriched the surface elemental composition and activated the specific surface area via the mesopore. These would enhance the adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption of BPA by NMB was 62.63 mg·g−1, which was approximately 2.35–5.58 times higher than that of the control materials. Temkin model and pseudo-second-order model optimally simulate the isothermal and kinetic adsorption, respectively. The adsorption mechanisms are jointly by physical and chemical adsorption, which mainly includes π–π interaction, hydrogen bonding, intraparticle diffusion, surface adsorption, and ion exchange. After discussion and evaluation, NMB has lower preparation process cost (7.21 USD·kg−1) and safety, with potential for environmental applications. This study aims to expand new ideas for the comprehensive utilization of waste masks and the preparation of eco-friendly materials. Moreover, it provides a theoretical basis for the removal of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, poses significant health problems due to its induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. Whereas Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf (FEVL) was reported for its ethnopharmacological properties against several ailments owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, etc. Here, we aim to elucidate and identify the bioactive compounds of aqueous extract of FEVL (AEFEVL) against BPA-induced toxicity using in vivo and in silico assessments. To determine the BPA toxicity mechanism and safe doses of AEFEVL, graded doses of BPA (0–400 μM) and AEFEVL (0–2.0 mg/10 g diets) were separately fed to flies to evaluate survival rates and specific biochemical markers. The mitigating effect of AEFEVL (0.5 and 1.0 mg/10 g diet) against BPA (100 and 200 μM)-induced toxicity in the flies after 7-day exposure was also carried out. Additionally, molecular docking analysis of BPA and BPA-o-quinone (BPAQ) against selected antioxidant targets, and HPLC–MS-revealed AEFEVL compounds against Keap-1 and IKKβ targets, followed by ADMET analysis, was conducted. Emergence rate, climbing ability, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase-B, and glutathione-S-transferase activities, and levels of total thiols, non-protein thiols, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and cell viability were evaluated. BPA-induced altered biochemical and behavioral parameters were significantly mitigated by AEFEVL in the flies (p < 0.05). BPAQ followed by BPA exhibited higher inhibitory activity, and epigallocatechin (EGC) showed the highest inhibitory activity among the AEFEVL compounds with desirable ADMET properties. Conclusively, our findings revealed that EGC might be responsible for the mitigative effect displayed by AEFEVL in BPA-induced toxicity in D. melanogaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), as a typical endocrine disruptor, can cause serious harm to human health. In order to solve the limitation of biological enzyme method in the degradation of BPA in actual water, we successfully prepared a photo-enzyme-coupled catalyst CN-HRP@ZIP by in situ generation of a metal–organic skeleton coated with HRP on the carbon nitride surface. The photo-enzymatic synergy of the material and the low mass transfer resistance caused by the two-dimensional ZIP make CN-HRP@ZIP can achieve 100% degradation of BPA at 40 min. The degradation rate was 3.92 times that of CN and 1.65 times that of CN-HRP@ZIF, respectively. The immobilization of the enzyme broadened the degradation pathway and enhanced the resistance to anionic interference by enzyme specificity. The direct conversion of hydrogen peroxide by the enzyme and the indirect enhancement of photocatalytic superoxide radical production increased the concentration of superoxide radicals in the system, and CN-HRP@ZIP maintained a high degradation rate of more than 90% in five cycles. The stability of the enzymatic activity of the material was much higher than that of the free enzyme under extreme pH, high temperature, and organic solvent immersion. These studies provide a new reference for the application of photo-enzymatic synergistic degradation in industrial wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder whose etiology is not well understood and affecting 9–18% of women in reproductive age. We investigated the protective effects of phloretin against the PCOS, induced Bisphenol A (BPA) on prepubertal rat ovaries. This study started on female rats on the postnatal 28th day via subcutaneous injection by dissolving the compounds in corn oil at 30 min intervals, starting with phloretin, and followed by BPA. The dose of BPA was 50 mg/kg/day, and the doses of phloretin were 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg/day. Treatments were administered every day for 15 days. Likewise corn oil, BPA and testosterone propionate were given by the same way. BPA exposed groups, it has been observed that there are many cystic follicles in the ovary and their morphology has changed. Similarly, prolonged diestrus phases was observed in the smear cycle. The CYP11A1 and CYP17A enzymes stained intensively on the BPA group whereas these enzymes were stained weakly in the BPA + 5 and 50 mg/kg phloretin groups. In PCOS, induced by BPA, the cystic follicles were recorded on the ovaries whereas it was decreased in the BPA + phloretin groups. Prepubertal exposure to BPA was associated with decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, increased estrogen (ERRα) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in testosterone propiyonat and BPA + phloretin (0.5 mg/kg/day) groups. In conclusion, in rat model, phloretin has positive effects against BPA induced polycystic ovarian syndrome, also it caused positive effects on ovarian tissue and hormone secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review article, the research works covering the analytical determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and its structural analogues published from 2018 to present (February 2024) were examined. The review offers an overview of the concentration levels of these xenoestrogens in food and beverages, and discusses concerns that these may possibly pose to the human health and scrutinises, from an analytical perspective, the main biomonitoring approaches that are applied. This comes as a natural evolution of a previous review that covered the same topic but in earlier years (up to 2017). As compared to the past, while the volume of published literature on this topic has not necessarily decreased, the research studies are now much more homogeneous in terms of their geographical origin, i.e., Southern Europe (mainly Italy and Spain). For this reason, an estimated daily intake of the European population could not be calculated at this time. In terms of the analytical approaches that were applied, 67% of the research groups exploited liquid chromatography (LC), with a detection that was prevalently (71%) afforded by mass spectrometry, with over one-fourth of the research teams using fluorescence (26%) and a minority (3%) detecting the analytes with diode array detection. One-third of the groups used gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry achieving comparatively superior efficiency as compared to LC. Derivatisation was performed in 59% of the GC studies to afford more symmetrical signals and enhanced sensitivity. Although the contamination levels are well below the threshold set by governments, routinely biomonitoring is encouraged because of the possible accumulation of these contaminants in the human body and of their interplay with other xenoestrogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The facile sonochemical synthesis is reported of zinc cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4) composited with carbon nanofiber (CNF). Structural, chemical, and morphological were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoluminescent spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. ZnCo2O4/CNF-modified GCE was applied to the detection of bisphenol A (BPA). The modified GCE shows enhanced sensing performance towards BPA, which includes a linear range (0.2 to 120 μM L−1) alongside a low limit of detection (38.2 nM L−1), low interference, and good stability. Detection of lower concentrations of BPA enables real sample analysis in the food industries (milk, orange juice, yogurt, tap water, and baby feeding bottles). Surprisingly, the BPA was detected in milk 510 nM L−1, orange juice 340 nM L−1, yogurt 1050 nM L−1, and tap water 140 nM L−1. Moreover, an interaction mechanism between the BPA analyte and ZnCo2O4 was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted condition influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Among environmental factors, Bisphenol A (BPA)—a recognized endocrine disruptor—has been implicated in the development of PCOS. The study aimed to compare BPA levels in women diagnosed with PCOS with those in healthy controls, using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The study involved 80 women diagnosed with PCOS and 50 healthy control participants. Demographic and biochemical parameters were recorded, including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and levels of testosterone, estradiol, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Prolactin (PRL), Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and Insulin Resistance as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, BPA levels were measured using the HPLC technique. Women with PCOS exhibited significantly higher mean age and BMI compared to healthy controls (p = 0.01, p < 0.0001, respectively). Additionally, higher levels of testosterone (p = 0.04), LH (p = 0.03) and BPA (p < 0.0001) were observed in women with PCOS. However, estradiol, FSH, PRL, LH/FSH ratio, DHEA-S, and TSH levels were not significantly different between the two groups. HOMA-IR levels were not recorded for the control group. A notable positive relationship emerged between Bisphenol A and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (r = 0.23, p = 0.03), also significant negative correlation appeared between Bisphenol A and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This study found that women with PCOS have elevated BPA levels compared with healthy controls, showing a need for further research on the relationship between BPA exposure and the development of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane separation and photocatalytic degradation are essential technologies for wastewater purification, but they encounter challenges like membrane fouling and low photocatalytic efficiency. The integration of photocatalysis and membrane technology, along with the creation of a heterojunction photocatalyst, proves to be a promising solution by enhancing the efficiency of charge carrier transport. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) are key components, each offering unique benefits such as TiO2 stability and WS2 strong adsorption of visible light. TiO2/WS2 is synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method at distinct hydrothermal times. A TiO2/WS2 photocatalytic membrane is constructed using the co-extrusion technique, with varying ratios of TiO2/WS2. The membrane undergoes characterization for both morphology and properties, as well as photocatalytic testing. TiO2/WS2 synthesized over a 20 h hydrothermal period is selected for deposition into the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane matrix. The resulting 0.5 wt% TiO2/WS2 photocatalytic membrane exhibits improved wettability, high porosity, and favorable water flux, demonstrating outstanding photocatalytic activity with an 85.3% degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light. The membrane also shows an 80.4% rejection of 1 mg/L BPA in dark conditions. In terms of energy storage, the 0.5 wt% TiO2/WS2 photocatalytic membrane exhibits a BPA photocatalytic performance resulting in 51.0% photodegradation, while the rejection rate reaches 27.4% for BPA removal after 120 min. In conclusion, the TiO2/WS2 photocatalytic membrane serves as a versatile solution, enhancing both photocatalytic degradation and rejection capabilities, with potential for energy storage in removing BPA from aquatic environments, regardless of light presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study encompassing research papers documented in the last two decades pertaining to the possible influence of bisphenol A (BPA) on the fertility of females are appraised with emphasis on the influence of BPA in reproductive organs (uterus and ovaries) and pregnancy outcomes including discussion on the reproductive process (implantation, estrous cycle, hormone secretion); outcomes reveal a connection amongst BPA and female infertility. Ovary, uterus, and its shape as well as function can alter a person's ability to become pregnant by influencing the hypothalamus-pituitary axis in the ovarian model. Additionally, implantation and the estrous cycle may be affected by BPA. However, more research is warranted to comprehend the underlying action mechanisms and to promptly identify any imminent reproductive harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prenatal bisphenol exposure has been reported to be associated with lower birth weight and obesity-related indicators in early childhood. These findings warrant an investigation of the relationship between prenatal bisphenol exposure and the dynamic growth of offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal bisphenol concentration in urine with the body mass index (BMI) growth trajectory of children aged up to two years and to identify the critical exposure periods. Methods: A total of 826 mother–offspring pairs were recruited from Wuhan Children's Hospital between November 2013 and March 2015. Maternal urine samples collected during the first, second, and third trimesters were analyzed for bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S, and bisphenol F (BPF) concentrations. Measurements of length and weight were taken at 0, 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months. Children's BMI was standardized using the World Health Organization reference, and group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify BMI growth trajectories. The associations between prenatal bisphenol exposure and BMI growth trajectory patterns were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models. Results: The BMI growth trajectories of the 826 children were categorized into four patterns: low-stable (n = 134, 16.2%), low-increasing (n = 142, 17.2%), moderate-stable (n = 350, 42.4%), and moderate-increasing (n = 200, 24.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that prenatal exposure to BPA during the second trimester [odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–4.43] and BPF during the third trimester (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.55–6.95) at the highest quartile concentration were associated with an increased likelihood of the low-increasing BMI trajectory. Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis by infant sex, the positive association between the highest quartile of prenatal average urinary BPF concentration during the whole pregnancy and the low-increasing BMI trajectory was found only in girls (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.04–7.68). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA and BPF (a commonly used substitute for BPA) is associated with BMI growth trajectories in offspring during the first two years, increasing the likelihood of the low-increasing pattern. 3m5uKxpSj9JCA5GegjWbHb Video Abstract (MP4 120033 kb) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA), an organic compound used to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has become a ubiquitous contaminant due to its high-volume production and constant release to the environment. Plant metabolomics can trace the stress effects induced by environmental contaminants to the variation of specific metabolites, making it an alternative way to study pollutants toxicity to plants. Nevertheless, there is an important knowledge gap in metabolomics applications in this area. Objective: Evaluate the influence of BPA in French lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L. var capitata) leaves metabolic profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using a hydroponic system. Methods: Lettuces were cultivated in the laboratory to minimize biological variation and were analyzed 55 days after sowing (considered the plant’s adult stage). Hexanoic and methanolic extracts with and without derivatization were prepared for each sample and analyzed by GC–MS. Results: The highest number of metabolites was obtained from the hexanoic extract, followed by the derivatized methanolic extract. Although no physical differences were observed between control and contaminated lettuce leaves, the multivariate analysis determined a statistically significant difference between their metabolic profiles. Pathway analysis of the most affected metabolites showed that galactose metabolism, starch and fructose metabolism and steroid biosynthesis were significantly affected by BPA exposure. Conclusions: The preparation of different extracts from the same sample permitted the determination of metabolites with different physicochemical properties. BPA alters the leaves energy and membrane metabolism, plant growth could be affected at higher concentrations and exposition times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polystyrene microplastics, especially those smaller than 10 μm, reduce male fertility in murine models, but whether they affect male reproduction in humans is poorly understood. Here, we studied polystyrene microplastics smaller than 10 μm in human semen samples and evaluated their toxicity to human sperm. We also tested the use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to remove nanoplastics and decrease their toxicity in human sperm. Results show that human semen is contaminated by approximately 3.57 ± 0.32 μg/mL polystyrene microplastics smaller than 10 μm. Polystyrene nanoplastics of 25–100 nm penetrate and damage human sperm at semen-relevant concentrations of 5 and 50 μg of nanoplastic per mL, while 0.5–10 μm polystyrene microplastics bind to the sperm. We also found that 25-nm polystyrene nanoplastics exhibited a synergistic toxicity with bisphenol A on human sperm. Nonetheless, we observed that environmental microplastics released from disposable paper cups do not pose a significant hazard to human sperm under our conditions. Furthermore, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can aggregate and coprecipitate with 25-nm polystyrene nanoplastics to eliminate their adverse effects on human sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the toxicity of pollutants has been rather well explored in simple laboratory conditions, there is little knowledge on their real toxicity in natural environments and living organisms because pollutants are often interacting and trapped into organic matter. Because of these interactions, their real concentrations can also be underestimated. Here we studied the nature, intensity, and strength of the interactions between bisphenol A and nano-sized natural organic matter. The bioavailability and toxicity of the complexed bisphenol A were tested with human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Results show that that interaction of bisphenol A with organic matter reduces bisphenol A cytotoxicity. Moreover, the bisphenol A-organic matter interaction is weak in the first hour then very stable after 24 h. Once formed, the bisphenol A-organic matter complex escapes detection and, as a consequence, the levels of pollutants in organic-rich media is most probably underestimated. The mechanism of interaction involves hydrophobic and π-stacking forces inside the core of nano-sized organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is commonly used to produce epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Continuous exposure to BPA may contribute to the development of diseases in humans and seriously affect their health. Previous research suggests a significant relationship between the increased incidence of neurological diseases and the level of BPA in the living environment. Syringic acid (SA), a natural derivative of gallic acid, has recently considered much attention due to neuromodulator activity and its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SA on oxidative stress, apoptosis, memory and locomotor disorders, and mitochondrial function, and to identify the mechanisms related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brain of rats receiving high doses of BPA. For this purpose, male Wistar rats received BPA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and SA (50 mg/kg) for 21 days. The results showed that BPA exposure significantly altered the rats' neurobehavioral responses. Additionally, BPA, by increasing the level of ROS, and MDA level, increased the level of oxidative stress while reducing the level of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, GPx, and mitochondrial GSH. The administration of BPA at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the expression of ERRα, TFAM, irisin, PGC-1α, Bcl-2, and FNDC5, while it increased the expression of TrkB, cytochrome C, caspase 3, and Bax. Moreover, the Western blotting results showed that BPA increased the levels of P-AMPK, GSK3b, p-tau, and Aβ, while it decreased the levels of PKA, P-PKA, Akt, BDNF, CREB, P-CREB, and PI3K. Meanwhile, SA at 50 mg/kg reversed the behavioral, biochemical, and molecular changes induced by high doses of BPA. Overall, BPA could lead to the development of AD by affecting the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway, as well as AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5 and CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways, and finally, by increasing the expression of tau and Aβ proteins. In conclusion, SA, as an antioxidant, significantly reduced the toxicity of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era dominated by plastic, the widespread use of plastic in our daily lives has led to a growing accumulation of its degraded byproducts, such as microplastics and plastic additives like Bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is recognized as one of the earliest man-made substances that exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties. It is frequently employed in the manufacturing of epoxy resins, polycarbonates, dental fillings, food storage containers, infant bottles, and water containers. BPA is linked to a range of health issues including obesity, diabetes, chronic respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and reproductive abnormalities. This study examines the bacterial bioremediation of the BPA, which is found in many sources and is known for its hazardous effects on the environment. The metabolic pathways for the breakdown of BPA in important bacterial strains were hypothesized based on the observed altered intermediate metabolites during the degradation of BPA. This review discusses the enzymes and genes involved in the bacterial degradation of BPA. The utilization of naturally occurring microorganisms is the most efficient and cost-effective method due to their selectivity of strains, ensuring sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A has become a global public health problem. As an antioxidant, geraniol has potential preventive effects against toxicity. This study analyzes the preventive effect of geraniol against BPA induced liver injury in CD-1 mice. Geraniol administration significantly ameliorated BPA induced liver damage by the increase in superoxide dismutase/catalase enzymatic activities, and decrease in malonaldehyde level; prompted a significant reduction in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and pyroptosis biomarkers (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1); up-regulated the expression of claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin markedly, which exhibited intestinal barrier function. Also, geraniol treatment optimized the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. It may be summarized that geraniol showed protective effects on liver injury induced by BPA and further revealed that the mechanism might be located on improving intestinal physical barrier function, down-regulating pyroptosis biomarkers, and normalizing intestinal microbiota, consequently reducing inflammatory response in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the presence of bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), F (BPF), and M (BPM) in various recycled plastics readily available on the market (LDPE, HDPE, PET, and PP), in light of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) limits. Twenty samples of different origin are analyzed, cleaning treatments are applied, and the migration potential of these bisphenols into food is studied. BPM is absent in all samples, but a post-consumer recycled LDPE sample reveals high bisphenol concentrations, raising concerns, reaching 8540 ng/g, 370 ng/g, and 29 ng/g of BPA, BPS, and BPF, respectively. Migration tests show substantial migration of these contaminants into food simulants. Using a cleaning treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) reduces BPA in LDPE, HDPE, PP, and PET samples by 95%, 99%, 97% and 28%, respectively, highlighting the importance of cleaning treatments across various polymers in plastic recycling. These findings not only protect food safety but addressing environmental challenges associated with plastic recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a class of thermosetting resins with exceptional overall performance, cyanate esters have not received sufficient attention for their potential applications in 3D printing. In this paper, polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is used for the first time as a thixotropic agent to regulate the rheological properties of liquid bisphenol E cyanate monomer for direct ink writing of cyanate ester resins in 3D printing. Due to their appropriate compatibility, the mixed inks exhibit high storage modulus and shear-thinning behavior, enabling the printed structures to maintain their shape well during printing and subsequent curing processes. The printed samples have good mechanical strength and excellent thermal stability. At the same time, the presence of polytetrafluoroethylene endows the composite materials with low dielectric constant and hydrophobicity. The latter property leads to high hygrothermal stability of the composites. The cyanate ester-polytetrafluoroethylene composite developed here offers a reliable method for 3D printing high performance cyanate ester, efficiently enhances the processibility of the cyanate ester based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine pollution by various debris is rising in the context of increasing urbanization, industrialization and worldwide trade. Here, we review marine macro-litter with focus on sources, abundance, distribution, and impact on aquatic wildlife, human health, and the economy. We observe that about 75–80% of marine litter originates from land-based sources, including poorly managed landfills and improper disposal. Macro-litter ingestion by marine life is of growing concern, in particular concerning the presence of plastics and associated pollutants, e.g., bisphenol A and phthalates, in fishes. These pollutants are accumulated and transferred to human via seafood. Marine plastic pollution induces a substantial rise of economic costs due to the decline of ecosystem services. Mitigation of marine plastic pollution should be done by following the ten Rs principles of refuse, rethink, reduce, re-use, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventionally bisphenol A epichlorohydrin (BPA-EC) is used as epoxy resin and cycloaliphatic amine is used as a curing agent for industrial corrosion mitigation. However, due to their noticeable toxicity, alternative curing agents and decreasing the conventional compounds in the coating is a demanding task. Aminopropyltriethoxysilane can be an alternative curing agent and lignin can partially replace BPA-EC , as the preliminary adhesion study of the developed coating suggested. However, other characteristics of the coating need to be examined to evaluate the coating holistically. Hydrophobicity is such a characteristic, which plays a leading role in enhancing the anti-corrosivity of the coating, especially for coating, implemented on submerged metallic bodies. The current study attempted to find the justification of BPA-EC in terms of hydrophobicity. The response surface methodology has been followed using the Box–Behnken design model to investigate the respective and cumulative effect of each element. Initially, the model has a P value of 0.0198, with some of the terms not significant. Thus, a modified model has been introduced keeping only the terms, close to the significant p-value of 0.05. Finally, a P-value of 0.0001 has been achieved. Experimental verification of the response values exhibited an average error of 9.84%. The result showed a non-linear association between the respective constituents. Statistics showed that BPA-EC positively impacts hydrophobicity. Thus, to maintain the hydrophobicity rather than 100% replacement by lignin, a minimum level of bisphenol epichlorohydrin is obligatory; ensuring the legitimacy of the constituents in the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common component in the manufacture of daily plastic consumer goods. Recent studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to BPA can increase the susceptibility of offspring to mental illness, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling in the adult mouse brain following prenatal exposure to low-dose BPA. We observed a sex-specific transcriptional dysregulation in the cortex, with more significant differentially expressed genes was observed in adult cortex from male offspring. Moreover, the upregulated genes primarily influenced neuronal functions, while the downregulated genes were significantly associated with energy metabolism pathways. More evidence supporting impaired mitochondrial function included a decreased ATP level and a reduced number of mitochondria in the cortical neuron of the BPA group. We further investigated the higher-order chromatin regulatory patterns of DEGs by incorporating published Hi-C data. Interestingly, we found that upregulated genes exhibited more distal interactions with multiple enhancers, while downregulated genes displayed relatively short-range interactions among adjacent genes. Our data further revealed decreased H3K9me3 signal on the distal enhancers of upregulated genes, whereas increased DNA methylation and H3K27me3 signals on the promoters of downregulated genes. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence for the potential health risks associated with prenatal exposure to BPA, and uncovers sex-specific transcriptional changes with a complex interplay of multiple epigenetic mechanisms. 1. Distinct chromatin interaction pattern of DEGs in the cortex of adult male offspring in response to prenatal BPA exposure. 2. Upregulated genes exhibited intensive and long-range chromatin interactions, with decreased H3K9me3 modification on the distal enhancers. 3. Downregulated genes were featured by promoter-promoter interactions among adjacent genes and increased DNA methylation and H3K27me3 modification at the promoter regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of Bisphenol A Glutaraldehyde Phenolic Resin (BPA-GA PF) was carried out under alkaline conditions using Bisphenol, A (BPA) and Glutaraldehyde (GA) as raw materials, with n-butanol serving as the solvent. Based on the aforementioned information, the researchers prepared modified BPA-GA PF resins by incorporating titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), and boron (B) through a polymer derivative method. This process led to the formation of Ti/Si/B-modified PF resins. By manipulating the proportion of elements in the BPA-GA PF, the modified phenolic resin demonstrated improved capacity for design and processing. The characterization of the modified BPA-GA PF involved the analysis of its transformation process and thermal behavior through the utilization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The presence of B, Ti, and Si elements in the system resulted in the formation of Si–O-B and B-O bonds, as determined. The Ti/Si/B -modified PF exhibited a significant increase in yield. Analysis employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that, following high-temperature annealing, the materials underwent a transformation into Ti/Si/B-modified PF with a highly cross-linked network structure. Oxidation experiments conducted under static conditions demonstrated that the Ti/Si/B-modified BPA-GA PF exhibited significantly greater high-temperature resistance compared to the BPA-GA PF. Among the various options, the Ti/Si/B-modified PF material with a Ti/Si ratio of 1:2 exhibited the most superior resistance to high-temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread occurrence of emerging brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) has become a major environmental concern. In this study, a nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) impregnated organic montmorillonite composite (nZVI-OMT) was successfully prepared and utilized to degrade TBBPS in aqueous solution. The results show that the nZVI-OMT composite was very stable and reusable as the nZVI was well dispersed on the organic montmorillonite. Organic montmorillonite clay layers provide a strong support, facilitate well dispersion of the nZVI chains, and accelerate the overall TBBPS transformation with a degradation rate constant 5.5 times higher than that of the original nZVI. Four major intermediates, including tribromobisphenol S (tri-BBPS), dibromobisphenol S (di-BBPS), bromobisphenol S (BBPS), and bisphenol S (BPS), were detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), indicating sequential reductive debromination of TBBPS mediated by nZVI-OMT. The effective elimination of acute ecotoxicity predicted by toxicity analysis also suggests that the debromination process is a safe and viable option for the treatment of TBBPS. Our results have shown for the first time that TBBPS can be rapidly degraded by an nZVI-OMT composite, expanding the potential use of clay-supported nZVI composites as an environmentally friendly material for wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like other Fenton systems, the PDS-based Fenton system still faces the bottleneck of the rapid conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) in the system. Our previous researches have found that Fullerol could promote the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle in two ways: 1. Fullerol directly reduces Fe(III) into Fe(II); 2. Fullerol complexed with Fe(III) to generate Fullerol-Fe(III) complex with lower redox potential, thereby promoting the formation of Fe(II). This is undoubtedly a good way to solve the bottleneck of the PDS-based Fenton systems, while in recent years, new ideas have been put forward about the type of reactive oxidizing species (ROS) in the PDS-based Fenton systems: ferryl ion species (Fe(IV)) was formed, and played a role of pollutants degradation. In this study, we proved the formation of Fe(IV) during C60 Fullerol–enhanced Fenton-like activation of PDS with visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that Fe(IV), SO4·− and OH were analyzed in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system by probes and EPR experiments. The yield of methyl phenyl sulfone (η(PMSO2)) and the results of p-CBA experiment indicated that both Fe(IV) and ·OH played an important role in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system. Combined with Fe(II) formation and PDS consumption results, it is indicated that with the addition of Fullerol, the Fe(II)/PDS molar ratio increased, and changed major oxidizing intermediate from ·OH to Fe(IV). Under visible light condition, the oxidation rates of BPS in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system were about 1.55 × 10–2 min−1, which was about five times that of the Fe(III)/PDS system at pH 3.0 (3.10 × 10–3 min−1). This study found that in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system, both Fe(IV) and ·OH play a role in the degradation of BPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

17ß-Estradiol (E2) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has become a matter of concern across the globe for more than a decade due to potential health risks. This study reports facile methods to fabricate label-free aptasensor based on the non-Faradaic impedance mode using amine-functionalized graphene oxide polypyrrole (NH2-GO/PPy)-modified gold interdigitated electrode for direct capacitive detection of 17β-estradiol. The as-prepared NH2-GO/PPy nanocomposites have been successfully characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that NH2-GO/PPy/IDE was able to detect E2 binding through aptamer conformational change by simply observing the capacitance change before and after immobilization. In addition, the biosensor showed a dynamic range of detection from 100 nM to 1 pM with a low detection limit of about 0.13 pM. The recoveries result also presented in this paper was validated using HPLC exhibited high sensitivity for bisphenol-A (BPA) detection and was successfully applied to detect E2 in real water samples with good recoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the association of blood and semen Bisphenol A (BPA) levels of the male partner on the reproductive outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment cycles. For this prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02703584), blood and semen samples of the male partner of the 75 women who had ICSI were analyzed. The study group consisted of men who had ICSI for male factor infertility other than azoospermia, while men with normal spermiogram whose partners underwent ICSI due to tubal factor infertility were taken as the study group. Habitual consumption of drinking water from plastic carboys/bottles (PBW) at home was also questioned in both groups as it was considered as chronic BPA exposure. The association of ICSI outcome with blood BPA (bBPA) and semen BPA (sBPA) levels was analyzed in both groups. No significant correlation was found between sperm parameters and bBPA levels in both groups. A negative correlation was found between sBPA levels and total sperm count and progressive sperm motility in men who consumed PBW. Embryo development arrest was found to be significantly higher in patients who have high sBPA levels. Although sBPA levels were not different in PBW consumers, bBPA levels were found to be significantly lower in those who consumed tap water (TW) than those who used PBW. Elevated bBPA were associated with a significant decrease in clinical pregnancy rate. Considering the widespread human exposure to BPA, the effect of BPA on the male reproductive system needs to be further examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an essential and extensively utilized chemical compound with significant environmental and public health risks. This review critically assesses the current water purification techniques for BPA removal, emphasizing the efficacy of adsorption technology. Within this context, we probe into the synthesis of magnetic biochar (MBC) using co-precipitation, hydrothermal carbonization, mechanical ball milling, and impregnation pyrolysis as widely applied techniques. Our analysis scrutinizes the strengths and drawbacks of these techniques, with pyrolytic temperature emerging as a critical variable influencing the physicochemical properties and performance of MBC. We explored various modification techniques including oxidation, acid and alkaline modifications, element doping, surface functional modification, nanomaterial loading, and biological alteration, to overcome the drawbacks of pristine MBC, which typically exhibits reduced adsorption performance due to its magnetic medium. These modifications enhance the physicochemical properties of MBC, enabling it to efficiently adsorb contaminants from water. MBC is efficient in the removal of BPA from water. Magnetite and maghemite iron oxides are commonly used in MBC production, with MBC demonstrating effective BPA removal fitting well with Freundlich and Langmuir models. Notably, the pseudo-second-order model accurately describes BPA removal kinetics. Key adsorption mechanisms include pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and electron transfer surface interactions. This review provides valuable insights into BPA removal from water using MBC and suggests future research directions for real-world water purification applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used endocrine disruptor that represents a significant risk to male reproductive function. Zinc (Zn) is vital for appropriate development of testes and to guarantee optimal testicular function and spermatogenesis. Our goal was to investigate if zinc oxide (ZnO), either in conventional or nanoformulation, could safeguard adult male rats' reproductive performance against the damaging effects of BPA. Signaling expression of CYP11A1 and Nrf-2 in the testis, testicular oxidant-antioxidant status, Bax/Bcl-2 apoptotic ratio, and histological examination of various reproductive organs were all evaluated. Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (7 animals each) including the control, BPA, conventional zinc oxide (cZnO) + BPA, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) + BPA groups. The study was extended for 2 successive months. Our findings revealed strong negative effects of BPA on sperm cell characteristics such as sperm motility, viability, concentration and abnormalities. Additionally, BPA reduced serum levels of testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4). Also, it evoked marked oxidative stress in the testes; elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) and reducing total antioxidant capacity (TAC). BPA significantly downregulated testicular mRNA relative expression levels of CYP11A1 and Nrf-2, compared to control. Testicular apoptosis was also prompted by increasing Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio in testicular tissue. Histopathological findings in the testes, epididymis, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle confirmed the detrimental effects of BPA. Interestingly, cZnO and ZnO-NPs significantly alleviated all negative effects of BPA, but ZnO-NPs performed better. In conclusion, our findings point to ZnO, specifically ZnO-NPs, as a viable treatment for BPA-induced testicular dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including organophosphate triesters (OPEs), parabens, triclosan (TCS), bisphenols, benzophenones (BPs), phthalates (PAEs), and synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), are associated with renal dysfunction. However, the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of mixed EDC exposure on renal function remain unclear. Two hundred ninety-nine adult participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional survey conducted in Guangzhou, China. Urinary levels of 7 OPEs, 6 parabens, TCS, 14 bisphenols, 8 BPs, 15 PAEs, 4 SPAs, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was served as the outcome index. We found elevated levels of diphenyl phosphate (DPP), bisphenol A (BPA), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) showed dose-responsive associations with eGFR decline, However, nonlinear associations were observed for bis(2-butoxyethyl) hydrogen phosphate (BBOEP), TCS, 4-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP), mono-n-pentyl phthalate (MnPP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). The quantile-based g-computation model demonstrated that a quartile increase in the EDC mixture corresponded to a 0.383-SD decrease (95% CI − 0.658 ~ − 0.108, P = 0.007) in eGFR. Notably, BPA was identified as the primary contributor to this effect. Moreover, 8-OHdG mediated the eGFR decline associated with EDC mixtures with a mediation proportion of 25.49%. A sex-modified effect was also observed (P = 0.004), indicating that exposure to the mixture of EDC was linked to more pronounced renal dysfunction in females. Our novel findings suggest that exposure to a typical mixture of EDCs is associated with renal dysfunction in the general adult population of Southern China. Furthermore, 8-OHdG may play a role in the pathogenesis of EDC mixture-related renal dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) which is identified as endangered species can be exposed to pollutants such as bisphenol A (BPA) that have a disruptive effect on the endocrine system at any time. Starting from this motivation, the current study focused on BPA toxicity in A. gueldenstaedtii juvenile individuals and its adverse effects in sub-lethal concentration. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of BPA was 5.03 mg/L in 96th hour. In the chronic period, 0.625 mg/L and 1.25 mg/L BPA concentrations were evaluated based on the result of acute study. Accordingly, growth performance was significantly decreased in BPA groups (1.25 mg/L BPA group was significantly lowest) compared to control (p < 0.05). In the acute period, behavioral disorders were standing at the bottom/corner of tank, slowing and stopping of gill movement, decreased response to stimuli, and death, respectively. While vacuolization was severe in the liver tissue of the fish in the acute period, intense necrosis and melanomacrophage centers were observed in the chronic period. In terms of genotoxicity, longer DNA migration was observed in all groups exposed to BPA than in the control group. In addition, lower erythrocyte and hemoglobin were observed in the BPA groups compared to control. As a result, the current study revealed toxic effect of BPA on A. gueldenstaedtii juvenile individuals and its negative results on fish physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), known for its endocrine-disrupting properties and potential to leach into food products, has led to significant food safety concerns. Therefore, the development of sensitive and selective BPA rapid detection methods is crucial. In this study, molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled to a colorimetric method was adopted for the smartphone-based determination of BPA. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared via photopolymerization and used as a selective adsorbent material for SPE columns. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns with multiple cycles significantly reduced the extraction time to only 30 min. The developed method demonstrates useful sensitivity for BPA (LOD = 30 ppb). Furthermore, BPA migration from plastic packaging was evaluated under different storage conditions, revealing that microwave treatment for 5 min led to BPA release from polycarbonate packaging in juice and basic solutions. The MIP selective extraction/clean-up and smartphone-based optical sensor were successfully applied to BPA standard solutions and complex food samples (e.g., juice and tap water), resulting in reproducible and selective BPA determination (RSD ≤ 6%, n = 3). This rapid and cost-effective method of producing MIPs for BPA offers a promising solution for fast and low-cost sensing for on-site fresh food analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the rapid determination of bisphenol A in drinking water, a membrane test system has been developed using a conjugate of gold nanoparticles with an aptamer that specifically binds the target analyte, and a conjugate of mercaptosuccinic acid with a carrier protein impregnated in the test zone of the strip. The working principle of the test system is based on the binding of free gold nanoparticles in the test zone, formed as a result of the competitive interaction of the aptamer with bisphenol A and its release from the surface of gold nanoparticles. Conjugates of gold nanoparticles with aptamers of different compositions were obtained and tested. Optimal conditions were selected to ensure the achievement of a low detection limit for bisphenol A. The developed test system allows the detection of bisphenol A within 15 min with a detection limit of 13.5 ng/mL. The suitability of the test system was confirmed when testing drinking water; the recovery values of bisphenol A ranged from 88.2 to 101.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is currently one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals in the production of a wide range of plastics. Due to its diverse endocrine disrupting potential alternative bisphenols, also referred to as analogues, have been developed. Although the toxicity of BPA is well studied, the (eco)toxicological effects of the bisphenol analogues are largely unknown. The similar molecular structure of the analogues suggests comparable toxicological effects. This study aims to extend the (eco)toxicological knowledge on the bisphenol analogues by evaluating eleven bisphenol analogues compared to the reference substance BPA in in vitro bioassays. The examined endpoints are endocrine potential on three nuclear receptors in recombinant yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baseline toxicity (also referred to as non-specific toxicity, describing the minimal toxicity of a chemical) in the luminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, and mutagenicity in two strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Results: Bisphenol A showed estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity at EC50 concentrations of 0.516 mg/L (2.26 × 10–6 M) and 1.06 mg/L (4.63 × 10–6 M), respectively. The assays confirmed notable estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity for the vast majority of analogues in comparable, and often higher, efficacies to BPA. Some analogues showed anti-estrogenic instead of estrogenic activity in a range from 0.789 mg/L (1.45 × 10–6 M; TBBPA) to 2.69 mg/L (2.46 × 10–6 M; BADGE). The baseline toxicity of the analogues revealed a similar tendency of comparable to more prominent effects compared to BPA, ranging from 5.81 mg/L (1.73 × 10–5 M; BPAF) to 39.1 mg/L (1.56 × 10–4 M; BPS). There was no evidence of mutagenicity found. Conclusion: The examined bisphenol analogues prove to be equally, if not more, problematic in endocrine activities than the reference bisphenol A. Based on these results, the tested bisphenols cannot be regarded as safer alternatives and reinforce the notion of bisphenol analogues being considered as regrettable substitutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodate (PI)-based oxidation using the activators, such as metal ions and light irradiation, has emerged as a feasible treatment strategy for the effective remediation of contaminated water and wastewater. Given the pervasive nature of PI residues and solar exposure during application, the role of solar light in remediating the challenging highly saline water matrices needs to be elucidated. In this study, bisphenol A (BPA) was selected as the targeted micropollutant, which can be efficiently eliminated by the simulated sunlight (SSL)/PI system in the presence of high-level Cl− (up to 846.0 mM) at pH 7.0. The presence of different background constituents of water, such as halides, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter, had no effect, or even accelerated BPA abatement. Particularly, the ubiquitous Br− or I− appreciably enhanced the BPA transformation efficiency, which may be ascribed to the generation of high-selective reactive HOBr or HOI. The in silico predictions suggested that the transformation products generated by halide-mediated SSL/PI systems via halogen substitutions showed greater persistence, bioaccumulation, and aquatic toxicity than BPA itself. These findings highlighted a widespread phenomenon during PI-based oxidative treatment of highly saline water, which needs special attention under solar light illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased interest in the use of polymer composites with natural, biodegradable and renewable fillers is the result of increased awareness of the environment. Therefore, the search for new materials that meet the above expectations is becoming a current issue. The article presents the results of research on composites containing pistachio shells (Pistacia vera L.), which are common agricultural waste, with unsaturated polyester resin based on post-consumer recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) and vinyl ester resin based on bisphenol-A. The environmentally friendly polymeric cobalt solution was used as the accelerator. In order to study the degradation of the composites, accelerated ageing, immersion in various solvents, and high temperature were used. From the obtained results, it can be observed that accelerated aging resulted in the additional cross-linking of the resin, while the filler absorbed the UV light. During immersion, the polymer matrix was degraded in acetone, whereas the incorporation of pistachio increases its water sorption and the plasticisation effect was also observed. The alkali environment initiated the hydrolysis of ester linkages. The vinyl ester resin-based materials were more chemically and thermally resistant than those from the unsaturated polyester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis, characterized by endometrial-like mucosal tissue outside the uterine cavity, is a reproductive disorder afflicting about 10% of women within the reproductive age. The pathogenesis of endometriosis has been attributed to factors like genetics, environmental particles, and hormones. A comprehensive review of studies from July 2010 to July 2023 across multiple databases was done to aid in a better understanding of the same. The investigation focused on studies delineating the correlation between endocrine disruptors, microRNAs, and endometriosis. To optimize the search scope, keywords and subject headings were used as search terms. Then, two authors rigorously assessed studies using criteria, selecting 27 studies from various databases. Notably, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls exhibited a solid connection for endometriosis, while bisphenol A and phthalates yielded conflicting results. The heightened presence of bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, and phthalates was linked to altered gene expression, including genes like AKR1B10, AKR1C3, and FAM49B. MicroRNAs like miRNA-31, miRNA-144, and miRNA-145 emerged as vital factors in the onset of endometriosis and progression. Furthermore, elevated expression of miR-1304-3p, miR-544, and miR-3684 and reduced expression of miR-3935 and miR-4427 exert substantial influence on signaling pathways like NF-κB, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. Currently, literature shows an independent link between endocrine disruptor exposure and endometriosis and between microRNA dysregulation and endometriosis. However, research lacks the combination of all three factors. The review delves into the effects of endocrine disruptors and microRNAs on the pathogenesis of endometriosis to improve our understanding of the disorder and in finding therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]