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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus that can lead to respiratory symptoms and damage many organs such as heart, kidney, intestine, brain and liver. It has not been clearly documented whether myocardial injury is caused by direct infection of cardiomyocytes, lung injury, or other unknown mechanisms. The gene expression profile of GSE150392 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The processing of high-throughput sequencing data and the screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were implemented by R software. The R software was employed to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed by the STRING website. The Cytoscape software was applied for the visualization of PPI network and the identification of hub genes. The statistical analysis was performed by the GraphPad Prism software to verify the hub genes. A total of 516 up-regulated genes and 191 down-regulated genes were screened out. The top 1 enrichment items of GO in biological process (BP), Cellular Component (CC), and Molecular Function (MF) were type I interferon signaling pathway, sarcomere, and receptor ligand activity, respectively. The top 10 enrichment pathways, including TNF signaling pathway, were identified by KEGG enrichment analysis. A PPI network was established, consisting of 613 nodes and 3,993 edges. The 12 hub genes were confirmed as statistically significant, which was verified by GSE151879 dataset. In conclusion, the hub genes of human iPSC-cardiomyocytes infected with SARS-CoV-2 were identified through bioinformatics analysis, which may be used as biomarkers for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The roles of sphingolipids in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the sphingolipid characteristics for different types of PCOS using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of 107 women with PCOS and 37 healthy women as normal controls were studied. PCOS patients were further classified into non-obesity with insulin resistance (IR) (NOIR), obesity with IR (OIR), and non-obesity and non-IR (NIR) subgroups. A total of 87 serum sphingolipids, including 9 sphingosines, 3 sphinganines, 1 sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), 19 ceramides (Cers), 1 ceramide-1-phosphate, 44 sphingomyelins (SMs), 4 hexosylceramides, and 6 lactosylceramides (LacCers) were analyzed using an improved sphingolipidomic approach based on LC-MS. Notable elevations in the levels of S1P, Cer, and SM were observed in PCOS patients when compared with healthy women, and SM species with long saturated acyl chains showed potential as novel biomarkers of PCOS. In addition, the level of LacCer was only elevated in NIR, and there was almost no change in NOIR and OIR. This study is the first to report the comprehensive sphingolipidomic profiling of different subgroups of PCOS with or without IR or obesity and suggests that serum sphingolipids might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers for different types of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature review shows that Chinese medicine and other related treatment are still the main stream treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Currently, there is short of handbook guiding Chinese medicine from evidence-based medical evidence, so it is a top priority to develop a clinical guideline from the expert consensus. After several rounds of discussion during the conference and examination by letter, which has collected opinions from nearly one hundred experts, consensus was reached. Nonpharmacologic interventions include health education, medical exercise, acupuncture, massage, acupotomology, and physiotherapy. Pharmacological interventions are as follows. Topical application includes fumigation, application, hot compressed, ironing and iontophoresis with Chinese herbs, etc. Chinese patent medicine for external use includes plaster, ointment, etc. Western medicine for external use mainly includes emulsion, ointment, plaster and embrocation containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Intraarticular injection mainly includes sodium hyaluronic acid, chitosan (for injection) with prudent use of glucocorticoid. Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can be taken referring to syndrome differentiation which mainly includes syndromes of qi stagnation and blood stasis, cold dampness, deficiency of Gan (Liver) and Shen (Kidney), deficiency of qi and blood. Western medicine mainly includes analgesic, NSAIDs, diseases modifying drugs. Surgery procedures mainly include joint irrigation, arthroscopic surgery, osteotomy, arthroplasty, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:Defects in fatty acid metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel compound yhhu981 on fatty acid metabolism in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The capacity to stimulate fatty acid oxidation was assessed in C2C12 myotubes. The fatty acid synthesis was studied in HepG2 cells using isotope tracing. The phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) was examined with Western blot analysis. For in vivo experiments, ob/ob mice were orally treated with yhhu981 acutely (300 mg/kg) or chronically (150 or 300 mg·kg−1·d−1 for 22 d). On the last day of treatment, serum and tissue samples were collected for analysis.Results:Yhhu981 (12.5-25 μmol/L) significantly increased fatty acid oxidation and the expression of related genes (Sirt1, Pgc1α and Mcad) in C2C12 myotubes, and inhibited fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, yhhu981 dose-dependently increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in both C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 cells. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, blocked fatty acid oxidation in yhhu981-treated C2C12 myotubes and fatty acid synthesis decrease in yhhu981-treated HepG2 cells. Acute administration of yhhu981 decreased the respiratory exchange ratio in ob/ob mice, whereas chronic treatment with yhhu981 ameliorated the lipid abnormalities and ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle and liver of ob/ob mice.Conclusion:Yhhu981 is a potent compound that stimulates fatty acid oxidation, and exerts pleiotropic effects on lipid metabolism by activating AMPK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractAim:To understand the mechanism of the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediated by the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R).Methods:Primary cultured rat cortical neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and HEK293/A1R cells were treated with the A1R-specific agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). Phospho-EGFR, Akt, and ERK1/2 were observed by Western blot. An interaction between EGFR and A1R was detected using immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry.Results:The A1R agonist CPA causes protein kinase B (Akt) activation and protects primary cortical neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) insult. A1R and EGFR co-localize in the membranes of neurons and form an immunocomplex. A1R stimulation induces significant EGFR phosphorylation via a PI3K and Src kinase signaling pathway; this stimulation provides a neuroprotective effect in cortical neurons. CPA leads to sustained phosphorylation of extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in cortical neurons, but only to transient phosphorylation in HEK 293/A1R cells. The response to the A1R agonist is mediated primarily through EGFR transactivation that is dependent on pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi protein and metalloproteases in HEK 293/A1R.Conclusion:A1R-mediated EGFR transactivation confers a neuroprotective effect in primary cortical neurons. PI3 kinase and Src kinase play pivotal roles in this response.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 889–898; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.80 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)