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This document is a collection of biographical profiles of contributors to the Advances in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry: Reviews and Trends Collection 2024. The collection features review-type articles by the journal's Editorial Board, showcasing their expertise in various areas of analytical chemistry. The contributors include researchers from institutions around the world, such as the University of Regensburg, Peking University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the University of Oviedo. Their research interests range from biosensors and nanotechnology to mass spectrometry and electrochemical analysis. These profiles provide valuable insights into the diverse perspectives and accomplishments of these researchers in the field of analytical chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

Indian science academia has a dearth of women researchers at all levels. Not only are they under-represented, but they are also under-highlighted, under-mentored and overlooked for awards, grants and other career-advancing steps. To effectively address this problem and devise a solution for the inequity, we need data on the proportion of women faculty across multiple STEM institutions. Such a database, currently, does not exist. To fill this gap, we formed BiasWatchIndia to (1) document the inequities, and (2) provide real-time actionable data as a basis for future remedial steps. Along with collecting data on women representation at the faculty level in Indian STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) academia, BiasWatchIndia also helps highlight the lack of women representation and gender imbalance in Indian STEM talks, conferences, workshops and panels. Based on our findings, we recommend several measures that need to be implemented by universities and institutes to challenge the status quo changes for women in Indian academia. Documentation of women's inclusion in Indian academia and conferences by BiasWatchIndia reveals the scale of underrepresentation of women across science, technology, engineering and mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science is a reputable journal that publishes articles on various topics in materials science. It receives numerous submissions each year, which are reviewed by editors who are active researchers themselves. The journal has a strong emphasis on bio and medical materials science, as well as chemical routes to materials. The document provides summaries of the research interests and achievements of several scientists in the field, including Catalin Croitoru, Yi (David) Ju, Steven E. Naleway, Ghanshyam Pilania, Subha Narayan Rath, and Annela M. Seddon. The summaries highlight their contributions to the field, including their research focus, affiliations, publications, and awards. This resource is designed to assist library patrons in determining whether they would like to explore these scientists' work further. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal of Comparative Physiology A is the premier peer-reviewed scientific journal in comparative physiology, in particular sensory physiology, neurophysiology, and neuroethology. Founded in 1924 by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn, it celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2024. During these 100 years, many of the landmark achievements in these disciplines were published in this journal. To commemorate these accomplishments, we have compiled a list of the Top 100 Authors over these 100 years, representing approximately 1% of all its authors. To select these individuals, three performance criteria were applied: number of publications, total number of citations attracted by these articles, and mean citation rate of the papers published by each author. The resulting list of the Top 100 Authors provides a fascinating insight into the history of the disciplines covered by the Journal of Comparative Physiology A and into the academic careers of many of their leading representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Comparative Physiology A was founded in 1924 as the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn. Given the marginalization of women in science at that time, it is remarkable that the first article in the Journal was authored by a female scientist, Ruth Beutler. Throughout her scientific career, she was affiliated with the Zoological Institute of the University of Munich, which, under the leadership of von Frisch, evolved into a world-class academic institution. Despite chronic health problems, Beutler was one of the first women who succeeded in obtaining the Habilitation as qualification for appointment to a professorial position. She was also one of the first scientists who applied methods from physiological chemistry to the study of zoological phenomena. Yet, for many years she was employed as a technician only, and she was never appointed to an Ordinarius (tenured full professorship) position. Her most important contributions to comparative physiology outside her own area of research were her support for, and protection of, Karl von Frisch, particularly during the Nazi era when he, as a 'quarter-Jew,' faced imminent threat of forced retirement; and after World War II, when her efforts as interim Ordinarius were instrumental in re-building the bombed-out Zoological Institute to persuade Karl von Frisch to return to Munich. It was also one of her observations that prompted him to revisit, and revise, his earlier (incorrect) model of how honeybees communicate, through their dances, the direction and distances of food sources from the hive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) held the 3rd International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals, (ISTR-2023) at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, Austria, during the week of 16–21 April 2023. This procedural paper summarizes highlights from symposium presentations, posters, panel discussions and satellite meetings, and provides additional resources that may be useful to researchers working with diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in the academic, government and industry setting amongst IAEA Member States and beyond. More than 550 participants in person from 88 Member States attended the ISTR-2023. Over 360 abstracts were presented from all over the world by a diverse group of global scientists working with radiopharmaceuticals. Given this group of international radiochemists is unique to ISTR (IAEA funding enabled many to attend), there was an invaluable wealth of knowledge on the global state of the radiopharmaceutical sciences present at the meeting. The intent of this Proceedings paper is to share this snapshot from our international colleagues with the broader radiopharmaceutical sciences community by highlighting presentations from the conference on the following topics: Isotope Production and Radiochemistry, Industrial Insights, Regional Trends, Training and Education, Women in the Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, and Future Perspectives and New Initiatives. The authors of this paper are employees of IAEA, members of the ISTR-2023 Organizing Committee and/or members of the EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry Editorial Board who attended ISTR-2023. Overall, ISTR-2023 fostered the successful exchange of scientific ideas around every aspect of the radiopharmaceutical sciences. It was well attended by a diverse mix of radiopharmaceutical scientists from all over the world, and the oral and poster presentations provided a valuable update on the current state-of-the-art of the field amongst IAEA Member States. Presentations as well as networking amongst the attendees resulted in extensive knowledge transfer amongst the various stakeholders representing 88 IAEA Member States. This was considered particularly valuable for attendees from Member States where nuclear medicine and the radiopharmaceutical sciences are still relatively new. Since the goal is for the symposium series to be held every four years; the next one is anticipated to take place in 2027. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do women remain underrepresented in some science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields? Research has uncovered various situational factors such as belongingness cues, but one understudied (and related) factor may be outperformance-related discomfort. Specifically, when people outperform others who are upset about being outperformed, they may experience sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison (STTUC; Exline and Lobel, in Psychological Bulletin 125:307–337, 1999). Three studies examined the potential role of STTUC among women in STEM and how STTUC relates to feelings of belongingness. Study 1 recruited a large internet sample of undergraduate women and found that the tendency to experience STTUC corresponded with relatively low levels of belongingness in both STEM and arts/humanities courses. Replicating prior research, results also showed significantly lower levels of belongingness in STEM vs. arts/humanities courses. Study 2 found higher anticipated levels of perceiving the outperformed person as upset and experiencing STTUC-related concerns among undergraduate women (vs. men) who imagined academically outperforming others. Study 3 examined women and non-binary first-year undergraduates in STEM and found that the tendency to experience STTUC corresponded to relatively low levels of belongingness in STEM at two time points. Taken together, results suggest that experiencing outperformance-related discomfort in STEM may predict relatively low levels of belongingness, which, over time, may contribute to weakening women's interest in pursuing STEM. The present research may be of particular interest to educators, administrators, and policy makers interested in improving women's representation in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peter Ayres' book, "Women and the natural sciences in Edwardian Britain: in search of fellowship," explores the obstacles faced by women in gaining entrance to learned societies in the early 20th century. Ayres focuses on the context of women's place in the scientific endeavor, education and training, and the lives of learned societies. He also examines the experiences of individual women who were pioneers in advocating for women's inclusion in these societies. While the book provides detailed information on these women and their struggles, the organization of the book makes it difficult for readers to grasp the overall picture. Nonetheless, the book offers valuable material for further research on the topic. [Extracted from the article]

EPA's DSSTox chemical structure database: a curated chemistry resource supporting computational toxicology research. As I shifted my focus to cleaning up datasets and chemical structure-identifier associations, I became alarmed at the scope of the problem across public datasets, undermining toxicity modeling efforts. Or consider a chemical-activity HTS result where the chemical was originally misidentified by a major supplier (yes, this happens) or, unbeknownst to the experimenter, the chemical reacted, volatilized, or degraded under the testing conditions. My hope for the near future is that public data resources supporting chemical-toxicity evaluation and regulation not only continue to expand, but that quality chemical curation becomes the norm and is demanded and expected by the scientific and regulatory communities. [Extracted from the article]

Previous research suggests an under-representation of women among teleworkers before the Covid-19 pandemic. However, we know little about whether such a gender gap was substantial, and whether it could be explained by occupational gender segregation. We explore whether a gender gap in regularly teleworking existed in the EU-28 and analyse its possible constituents, drawing on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015. To form a group of potential teleworkers, the analytical sample was restricted to employees who made use of information and communication technology (N ≈ 16,000). Country fixed effects regression and multilevel models were applied. The results show that women were under-represented among teleworkers compared to men, also when occupational gender segregation is taken into account; the remaining gender gap in telework is estimated at 10%. For women, working part-time and working in the private sector was associated with lower incidences of telework, but not for men. Country characteristics explain a small but significant share of telework incidence. In countries that rank high on the Gender Equality Index and have a large public sector, telework was widespread, whereas it was less present in countries with higher shares of women in the fields of science and engineering. The findings support the view that the gender gap in teleworking from home is a matter of historically grown gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the international focus on validation and success indicators of academic work across disciplines, examples of accomplished educational psychologists and their personal stories have been limited in the literature. Prinz et al. (2021) interviewed Five Highly Successful Female Educational Psychologists and offered a content analysis of their success stories, including the academics’ strategies and trademark characteristics. In this Commentary, I expand on their findings in light of equity and intersectionality perspectives on academic success. I problematise academic success indicators (publication records and impact) with reference to literature on gender disparities in publication metrics and lack of inclusivity in generic measures of academic success. I outline how individual success narratives intersect with our collective responsibility for higher wellbeing and professional recognition of all colleagues. I argue that the equity and intersectionality perspectives are fundamental to inclusive narratives of success and highlight the power structures that have historically impeded access of diverse and minority scholars to top academic positions. I conclude with four recommendations for addressing the persistent structures of inequities in academic career opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooper and Sheriff Truman appear together in many scenes and share most of their contacts: their degree is the same, and rather high (35 in the entire network, i.e., more connected with more than half of the other characters; 20 in the BC network, growing the fraction to two-thirds of other characters). After the nodes of the BC network are set up and Dale Cooper is introduced, new AD nodes are added with a preferential attachment to BC: a newly added node has a much higher probability of being connected to the BC core than to fellow AD periphery. In Figure 7 we discuss the relationship between networks of BC characters and AD characters - what we call the Dale Cooper effect. From here we deduce that Truman and Cooper are not abnormally well connected in the BC network; but in the BC + AD network, they are more popular than they would be in a random network. [Extracted from the article]

Phyo Phyo Kyaw Zin, Ph.D (Chemistry), is a Cheminformatics Scientist at Terray Therapeutics, where she develops in-silico techniques to advance drug discovery. My current work at Terray Therapeutics helps with overcoming the data scarcity challenge in the field because we are generating extremely large, precise chemical datasets for biological targets of interest at an unparalleled scale using microarray technology. It is more of a vision because it will require advanced cheminformatics techniques, medicinal chemistry, and biology expertise, as well as substantial amounts of genetic, biological, and chemical data. I also develop rapid, reaction-based enumeration methods for enumerating virtual libraries, analyze large chemical data, and extract SAR (structure-activity relationships) and chemical insights for interactive drug design and optimization. [Extracted from the article]

While women's participation at research stations has been celebrated as a success story for women in science, their experiences were not quite equal to that of men scientists. This article shows how women interested in practicing marine science at research institutions experienced different living and research environments than their male peers; moreover, it illustrates how those gendered experiences reflected and informed the nature of their scientific practices and ideas. Set in Roscoff, France, this article excavates the work and social worlds of a Russian scientist, Natalie Karsakoff (1863–1941), and a British émigré in France, Anna Vickers (1853–1906), to show how a small group of single women who studied algae created a "central bureau of feminine algology." The social aspects of this bureau, and the physical space and support funded by Vickers, allowed these women scientists to both participate in male-dominated practices of science and lend evidentiary support to an ecological category that emphasized benign coexistence rather than struggle. This study adds an empirical case of single women scientists managing successful careers in science and contributing to science through publication and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentorship and collaboration necessarily shaped opportunities for women in science, especially in the late nineteenth century at rapidly expanding public co-educational universities. A few male faculty made space for women to establish their own research programs and professional identities. At the University of Minnesota, botanist Conway MacMillan, an ambitious young department chair, provided a qualified mentorship to Josephine Tilden. He encouraged her research on algae and relied on her to do departmental support tasks even as he persuaded the administration to move her from instructor to assistant professor in 1903. Resulting publications on Minnesota algae led her to look further west, first at Yellowstone National Park and then along the Pacific Northwest coast. After visiting a particularly productive littoral site on Vancouver Island, she suggested that they establish a Minnesota Seaside Station there. Over its seven years in operation under the Midwestern leaders, that location proved remarkably productive. At the remote site, the two operated within their typical but not inevitable gendered roles and deliberately defined their seaside station as unconventional. They expected participants to study productively and, at the same time, find imaginative ways to enjoy nature at a place far from urban amenities. Gendered expectations remained casual as participants moved both within and against them. This study investigates how, in the early twentieth century, the role and expectations of mentorship shifted as Tilden established her own independent research agenda. The Minnesota Seaside Station, in particular, proved significant in developing the leadership skills essential for her to pursue research in the Pacific region at a time when American expansionism and indigenous cooperation made sites accessible to academic researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph B Lingjun Li b is Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor and the Charles Melbourne Johnson Distinguished Chair Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Graph B Günter Gauglitz b is Senior Professor at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen working on analytical and physical chemistry. Graph B Gérard Hopfgartner b is Professor of Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry in the Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry of the University of Geneva. Graph B Adam T. Woolley b is Chair Editor of I Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry i , and Dean of Graduate Studies and University Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Brigham Young University in Provo, UT, USA. [Extracted from the article]

Members of the scientific community who wish to join Hei in supporting this can do so by making a contribution in Hei's memory to the Hei Leung Women in Rice Science Award at the Global Rice Research Fund - www.RiceFound.org. Robert S. Zeigler, On behalf of the global rice research community The rice world lost a much-loved friend and intellectual light with the passing of Hei Leung. Tom recalls that Hei was highly recommended by Dr. S. H. Ou, IRRI's first plant pathologist, who had met Hei during a sabbatical at UW Madison after retiring from IRRI. [Extracted from the article]

Further, I BioDrugs i has published content in a timely manner, with an average time from submission to acceptance of 86 days in 2021. The high quality of content published in I BioDrugs i has been reflected in the most recent Impact Factor of 5.807 and CiteScore™ of 9.40. [Extracted from the article]

PhD training is not just about producing future academics and publications, although of course it is always desirable for researchers to see their work published, publications are not the be all and end all. Graph Karen Faulds is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the University of Strathclyde and an expert in the development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and Raman techniques for novel analytical detection strategies and in particular multiplexed bioanalytical applications. [Extracted from the article]

There are many studies about women in science. They reveal, among other findings, that men and women generally do not enroll in the same science streams. Going beyond this observation, it becomes relevant to examine representations of the sciences among male and female science students to determine what influences their choices. Our study is based on a survey among a representative sample of 1352 first-year science students at the University of Lille. Our results, both quantitative and qualitative, underscore the relevance of streams in the rationalization of these different representations of sciences, for one, and show that the correlation is not due to a gendered structure of the streams, for another. Indeed, there are significant differences in attitudes towards the sciences regardless of whether a student is male or female, but these attitudes are strongly correlated with the student's chosen stream. It is therefore important to keep the influence of gender on representations of science in perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have investigated the characteristics, influencing factors, and working strategies of highly successful educational psychologists. These studies, however, have focused mainly on male scholars. Consequently, little is known about how successful female educational psychologists go about their work and are so productive. In the present study, we addressed this gap by interviewing five leading female educational psychologists (Patricia Alexander, Carol Dweck, Jacquelynne Eccles, Mareike Kunter, and Tamara van Gog) about factors that have aided their success and about their gender-related experiences. The five female scholars revealed their trademark characteristics, the important people and places that influenced their careers, and their time- and research-management strategies. They also provided unique insights about their experiences and perspectives as women in the field of educational psychology. Findings offer guidance for budding scholars, particularly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mary Somerville's life as a mathematician and savant in nineteenth-century Great Britain was heavily influenced by her gender; as a woman, her access to the ideas and resources developed and circulated in universities and scientific societies was highly restricted. Baily suggested that they be left for William at the Athenaeum Club, where he could collect them at his convenience and ensure their safe delivery to Somerville.[46] William Somerville as Literary Agent During the 1830s, Somerville began using her acquired knowledge to supplement her income through the publication of books. According to their daughter, who edited Somerville's I Personal Recollections i , William would visit libraries of the learned societies on Somerville's behalf to source books she required [[47], 85]. Although Somerville was a prolific letter writer and maintained a vast network of personal correspondents throughout Western Europe for much of her life, a significant proportion of her correspondence was mediated through her husband, not least because William's increased visibility as a professional man, specifically surgeon general at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, meant that he was more easily contactable than Somerville; if their personal address was unknown, letters could instead be addressed to that institution, to be forwarded. [Extracted from the article]

A recent I Clinical Autonomic Research i special issue highlighting sex differences in autonomic cardiovascular control was spearheaded by women leaders in the field who are also members of the I Clinical Autonomic Research i editorial board [[17]]. We also determined the number of men and women in leadership positions for the following boards and societies: I Clinical Autonomic Research i editorial board (1991-2020), AAS board of directors (1992-2020), the EFAS council (1998-2020), and ISAN executive committee (1997-2019). Women were also underrepresented in leadership positions such as the ISAN executive committee, EFAS board, and Clinical Autonomic Research editorial board, although parity was recently achieved for the AAS board (c). Accordingly, the autonomic community, including the American Autonomic Society (AAS), the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS) and the International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience (ISAN), has made a huge impact on the lives of thousands of women. [Extracted from the article]

Although the number of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) continues to grow, men still represent a significant majority of those employed in these industries. Mentoring programs have been identified as a useful tool to alleviate this gap and therefore have been developed in an effort to attract and retain women in STEM. However, research suggests that women are still being mentored less often than their male colleagues. To understand this issue in depth, 36 women holding managerial positions in STEM organizations in the United States and Canada were interviewed and their experiences with mentoring were discussed. The results suggest that women do have access and indeed find potential mentors but they perceive significant barriers that prevent these initial meetings from developing into long-term mentoring relationships. Specifically, four Barriers to the Development of Mentorship (BDM) were identified including: Need for Fit, Demonstrating Capability, Commitment of the Mentor, and Trust in the Mentor. BDM might help researchers and practitioners understand why women are under-mentored and consequently underrepresented in STEM workplaces. Implications of these findings are discussed, such as how to improve formal mentoring programs to overcome BDM and better serve women in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study described one more regulatory function of folic acid - the folate-dependent expansion of regulatory T cells in microbiome and subsequent amelioration of autoimmune uveitis [[16]]. Dear Editor, The importance of folic acid for the physiological course of almost all vital processes is undoubted [[1]]. Moreover, folic acid also up-regulated the population of IL10 + regulatory B cells isolated from lupus patients' PBMCs in vitro [[4]]. [Extracted from the article]

October 12th is Ada Lovelace Day. Every year on this day we celebrate the achievements of women in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM). Although we have made progress in terms of gender equality in STEM, hurdles are still faced and changes are still needed. We spoke to Professor Jacqueline Gottlieb, Dr Kirsty Bannister and Natahsa Pushkin about their journeys in STEM in what are still male-dominated disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In response to the landmark report "Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering," the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health issued a request for applications that funded 14 R01 grants to investigate causal factors to career success for women in STEM. Following completion of the 4-year grants, the grant PIs formed a grassroots collaborative, the Research Partnership on Women in Science Careers.Objective: To summarize the work of the Research Partnership, which resulted in over 100 publications.Methods: We developed six themes to organize the publications, with a "Best Practices" for each theme at the end of each section: Barriers to Career Advancement; Mentoring, Coaching, and Sponsorship; Career Flexibility and Work-Life Balance; Pathways to Leadership; Compensation Equity; and Advocating for Change and Stakeholder Engagement.Results: Women still contend with sexual harassment, stereotype threat, a disproportionate burden of family responsibilities, a lack of parity in compensation and resource allocation, and implicit bias. Strategies to address these barriers using the Bronfenbrenner ecological model at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, academic community, and policy levels include effective mentoring and coaching, having a strong publication record, addressing prescriptive gender norms, positive counter-stereotype imaging, career development training, networking, and external career programs such as the AAMC Early and Mid-Career Programs and Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM).Conclusions: Cultural transformation is needed to address the barriers to career advancement for women. Implementing the best practices noted of the work of the Research Partnership can help to achieve this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the difficulties women in Pakistan face in their access to education, their numbers have been increasing consistently in medical colleges. However, most of the women medical graduates do not go on to practice medicine after graduation. One of the reasons suggested by Pakistani media and society for this increase in the number of women medical graduates is the desirability of women doctors in Pakistan's marriage market. Based on an ethnographic study of Pakistani women doctors, I examine why women doctors are considered desirable as spouses and how this influences women's access to medical education. I found that women doctors are valued as marital partners because of the status granted to them by their academic credentials, chaste educational experience, and potential to contribute to family income. Because of the value of medical education in marriage, parents are more willing to invest in their daughters' education, facilitating women's access to medical education. I also found that, as a way of bargaining with the patriarchy, women doctors accept the social norms of arranged marriage because it allows them access to professional education, economic opportunities, and a better bargaining position in the marriage market. Overall, I found that, unless underlying patriarchal norms are addressed, potentially empowering projects like women's education will be co-opted by the existing structures of domination. I also discuss potential implications for changing marriage patterns and increasing representation of women in Pakistan's medical workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers falls off more quickly for young women than for young men over adolescence, and gender stereotypes may be partially to blame. Adolescents typically become more stereotypical in their career interests over time, yet they seem to become more flexible in applying stereotypes to others. Models of career interest propose that career decisions result from the alignment of self-perceived abilities with occupation-required skills and that gender stereotypes may influence this process. To investigate the discrepancy between applying stereotypes to self and others, we examined if these models can be applied to perceptions of others. Focusing on students from fifth grade through college enrolled in advanced STEM courses, we investigated how STEM occupational stereotypes, abilities, and efficacy affect expectations for others’ and own career interests. U.S. participants (n = 526) read vignettes describing a hypothetical male or female student who was talented in math/science or language arts/social studies and then rated the student’s interest in occupations requiring some of those academic skills. Participants’ self-efficacy, interest, and stereotypes for STEM occupations were also assessed. Findings suggest that ability beliefs, whether for oneself or another, are powerful predictors of occupational interest, and gender stereotypes play a secondary role. College students were more stereotypical in their ratings of others, but they did not manifest gender differences in their own STEM self-efficacy and occupational interests. Experiences in specialized STEM courses may explain why stereotypes are applied differentially to the self and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now Jemma Lorenat, in her Years Ago column "I Can See the Ellipsoid from the Inside: Girtonian Responses to Francis Galton's Survey on Mental Imagery" in the I Mathematical Intelligencer i [[1]], has augmented Galton's evaluation and done the work for three Girton College students in what is a long overdue and fascinating analysis. References 1 Jemma Lorenat, I Can See the Ellipsoid from the Inside: Girtonian Responses to Francis Galton's Survey on Mental Imagery. Francis Galton posed questions about mental imagery to men, women, and children, but he evaluated only the men's responses. [Extracted from the article]

The only faculty rank difference that reached statistical significance was at the assistant professor level. The study [[1]] of 1703 academic gastroenterologists shows that there is little difference between the I h i -indices of men and women faculty per rank. Together, these biases compound to unfairly reduce the I h i -index ratings of women; thus, in the study by John [[1]], the women may have outscored the men if the effects of gender bias were removed. [Extracted from the article]

The present article investigates explanations for gendered trends in Physics and Engineering access, reporting findings from a large-scale study funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and drawing primarily on data from interviews with 132 15-16 year-old adolescents and their parents. Survey results in our study and elsewhere show strong gender disparities in anticipated pursuit of Physics after completion of compulsory education. In order to explore the constructions of gender and Physics underlying these trends, we focus on qualitative interview data, applying Foucaultian analysis of discourse to investigate gendered narratives underpinning adolescents' and their parents' articulations. This analysis reveals three key discourses at work on the topic of women's access to Physics: (a) equality of opportunity, (b) continued gender discrimination in and around Physics, and (c) Physics as quintessentially masculine. We additionally identify five distinct narratives supporting the discourse of physics as masculine. These various discourses and narratives are interrogated, and their implications explored. We conclude that it is only by disrupting prevalent constructions of the Physical sciences as a masculine and 'hard' domain will we increase the presence of women in the sector. Working with young people to analyse and deconstruct the discursive assumptions made in relation to gender and Physics, as well as further work to increase accessibility and broaden representation in Physics, may be fruitful ways to challenge these longstanding associations between Physics and masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse perspectives in science promote innovation and creativity, and represent the needs of a diverse populace. However, many science fields lack gender diversity. Although fewer women than men pursue careers in physical science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (pSTEM), more women than men pursue careers in behavioral science. The current work measured the relationship between first-year college students' stereotypes about science professions and course completion in science fields over the next 3 years. pSTEM careers were more associated with self-direction and self-promotion (i.e., agency) than with working with and for the betterment of others (i.e., communion). On the flip side, behavioral science careers were associated with communion to a greater degree than with agency. Women completed a lower proportion of pSTEM courses than did men, but this gender disparity disappeared when women perceived high opportunity for communion in pSTEM. Men pursued behavioral science courses to a lesser degree than did women; this disparity did not exist when men perceived ample opportunity for agency in behavioral science. These results suggest highlighting the communal nature of pSTEM and the agentic nature of behavioral science in pre-college settings may promote greater gender diversity across science fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been widely suggested that women are under-represented in STEM fields because careers in these fields are perceived as incompatible with other traditionally feminine roles and life goals such as helping others or maintaining a marriage and family. Although a number of studies of women in STEM have examined the importance of the communal goal of helping others, few studies have examined another communal goal, maintaining a romantic relationship. To address this gap, we designed a two-part study to explore the impact of romantic relationships on relationship and career goals of college STEM majors. First, a survey was conducted that examined the impact of relationship status on 713 male and 409 female college STEM majors' life goals and gender roles (82 % White). Although results indicated gender differences in goals and roles related to family and careers, interaction effects with relationship status that would suggest unique negative impacts on women's education or career goals were not found. Next, a subsample of 59 female STEM majors (81 % White) and their male romantic partners participated in a study examining their investments in and beliefs about careers, family, and the balance between the two. Findings suggest that successful female STEM majors may seek and find partners who are supportive of their educational and careers goals, as evidenced by the partners' investment and expectations for relationship and work roles. Overall, findings indicate that a supportive romantic partner may be a positive determining factor for women's success in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the relationship between gender and scientific competence in fictional representations of scientists in the British science fiction television program Doctor Who. Previous studies of fictional scientists have argued that women are often depicted as less scientifically capable than men, but these have largely taken a simple demographic approach or focused exclusively on female scientist characters. By examining both male and female scientists ( n = 222) depicted over the first 50 years of Doctor Who, our study shows that, although male scientists significantly outnumbered female scientists in all but the most recent decade, both genders have consistently been depicted as equally competent in scientific matters. However, an in-depth analysis of several characters depicted as extremely scientifically non-credible found that their behavior, appearance, and relations were universally marked by more subtle violations of gender expectations. Incompetent male scientists were largely depicted as effeminate and lacking in masculinity. In addition, many incompetent male and all incompetent female scientists served regimes that were problematically effeminate, collectivist and pacifist, or male-rejecting and ruled by women. Although Doctor Who avoids overtly treating women and men unequally, strong codes of masculine capability and prowess nevertheless continue to influence representations of scientific competence, pointing to the continued pervasiveness of such associations within wider Western culture. Professionals working to encourage gender-inclusive practices in science should look to subtle discourses about the masculine culture of science in addition to institutional and structural impediments to participation for women and gender minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women leave science fields at greater rates than men, and loss of interest is a key motivator for leaving. Although research widely demonstrates effects of gender bias on other motivational processes, whether gender bias directly affects feelings of interest toward science activities is unknown. We used a false feedback paradigm to manipulate whether women (Study 1) and men (Study 2) participants perceived the reason for feedback as due to pro-male bias. Because activity interest also depends on how students approach and perform the activity, effects of biased feedback on interest appraisals were isolated by introducing gender bias only after the science activity was completed. When the feedback was perceived as due to pro-male bias, women (Study 1) reported lower interest and men (Study 2) reported greater interest in the science activity, and interest, in turn, positively predicted subsequent requests for career information in both studies. Implications for understanding diverging science interests between women and men are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although most evaluators are not sociologists, Sociology is represented in the evaluation profession. To what extent does the presence of sociologists affect the content and emphases of evaluation projects? Reflecting on four projects on which I have served as an evaluator, I conclude that a background in Sociology has been important in the sense that it has led to an emphasis on structural arrangements that may provide a basis for a program's lasting impact. However, it is apparent that an evaluator's disciplinary background is only one of several influences on the content of an evaluation project. Stakeholder mandates and standard evaluation practices also have important influences on how an evaluation is conducted. The impact of discipline-based content on the thinking and decisions of program administrators will vary according to the willingness of evaluation researchers to maintain regular communications, to insure that the rationale for discipline-based content is understood, and to present results in terms that can be understood by people outside one's discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary summarizes insights and discussions about the status of women leaders in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and medicine). While many academic institutions now train close to 50 % female students in STEM disciplines, there is a major underrepresentation of qualified women in leadership roles. Women are admitted to the basements of STEM institutions, but only few make it to the top floor. We see male superstars receiving well-deserved recognitions and advancements. Unfortunately, their female counterparts are often held back or cut down by both male and female colleagues. Increasing reports of acts of discrimination reported by women in STEM fields are a symptom. Unilateral hierarchy is the root cause. Just increasing the quote/proportion of women and underrepresented minorities at an institution is therefore not enough to address the underlying problem. At Stanford Radiology, we started a major initiative to increase the representation of qualified women and other underrepresented minorities in our leadership teams in order to ensure that every member of the Department has an advocate at the leadership table, when decisions are being made. Diverse leadership teams are vital to creating a culture of respect and inclusion for everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, MA provided opportunities for women to conduct research in the late 19th and early 20th century at a time when many barriers existed to their pursuit of a scientific career. One woman who benefited from the welcoming environment at the MBL was Mary Jane Hogue. Her remarkable career as an experimental biologist spanned over 55 years. Hogue was born into a Quaker family in 1883 and received her undergraduate degree from Goucher College. She went to Germany to obtain an advanced degree, and her research at the University of Würzburg with Theodor Boveri resulted in her Ph.D. (1909). Although her research interests included experimental embryology, and the use of tissue culture to study a variety of cell types, she is considered foremost a protozoologist. Her extraordinary demonstration of chromidia (multiple fission) in the life history of a new species of Flabellula associated with diseased oyster beds is as important as it is ignored. We discuss Hogue's career path and her science to highlight the importance of an informal network of teachers, research advisors, and other women scientists at the MBL all of whom contributed to her success as a woman scientist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1916, a 41 year old woman with little formal scientific education became the secretary of the New York Aquarium (NYA). In becoming the Aquarium's first female officer, Ida M. Mellen realized her lifelong dream of successfully pursuing a career in the biological sciences and broke with the limitations and low expectations surrounding her sex and class backgrounds. By 1930, Mellen left the NYA and pursued a career in popular hobbyist writing, becoming the foremost expert on aquarium fishes and domesticated cats in the United States. Margaret Rossiter and other historians of science have illuminated women's common career paths in the sciences, but little work has been done on individuals whose gender and class impacted their career. Building on Rossiter's framework, this case study suggests that class, as much as gender, structured the scientific career of women. Through the narrative of the outsider scientific practitioner, we can more fully illuminate the social structure of scientific work. Examining the struggles of Mellen to enter and maintain a scientific career sheds light, not just on her own career path, but those alternately closed to her. If we wish to understand science in the early twentieth century, especially questions of inclusion and exclusion in the scientific process, we must examine those individuals who operated on the periphery of the 'traditional' scientific path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several notable personalities who made a mark in the global field of science. It states that Rolf-Dieter Heuer, director-general of CERN took the budgetory authority of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment, which discovered the Higgs boson. It mentions that microbiologist Jo Handelsman came into light when she took a stand against sex discrimination in scientific fields, which discourage women in science.