1. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Endoxifen for Tamoxifen Precision Dosing: Feasible in Patients with Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer.
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Braal, C. Louwrens, Jager, Agnes, Hoop, Esther Oomen-de, Westenberg, Justin D., Lommen, Koen M. W. T., de Bruijn, Peter, Vastbinder, Mijntje B., van Rossum-Schornagel, Quirine C., Thijs-Visser, Martine F., van Alphen, Robbert J., Struik, Liesbeth E. M., Zuetenhorst, Hanneke J. M., Mathijssen, Ron H. J., and Koolen, Stijn L. W.
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THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents ,HORMONES ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DRUG monitoring ,RESEARCH funding ,OXIDOREDUCTASES ,TAMOXIFEN ,BREAST tumors ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Endoxifen is the most important active metabolite of tamoxifen. Several retrospective studies have suggested a minimal or threshold endoxifen systemic concentration of 14-16 nM is required for a lower recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of reaching a predefined endoxifen level of ≥ 16 nM (5.97 ng/mL) over time using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).Methods: This prospective open-label intervention study enrolled patients who started treatment with a standard dose of tamoxifen 20 mg once daily for early breast cancer. An outpatient visit was combined with a TDM sample at 3, 4.5, and 6 months after initiation of the tamoxifen treatment. The tamoxifen dose was escalated to a maximum of 40 mg if patients had an endoxifen concentration < 16 nM. The primary endpoint of the study was the percentage of patients with an endoxifen level ≥ 16 nM at 6 months after the start of therapy compared with historical data, in other words, 80% of patients with endoxifen levels ≥ 16 nM with standard therapy.Results: In total, 145 patients were included. After 6 months, 89% of the patients had endoxifen levels ≥ 16 nM, compared with a literature-based 80% of patients with endoxifen levels ≥ 16 nM at baseline (95% confidence interval 82-94; P = 0.007). In patients with an affected CYP2D6 allele, it was not always feasible to reach the predefined endoxifen level of ≥ 16 nM. No increase in tamoxifen-related adverse events was reported after dose escalation.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that it is feasible to increase the percentage of patients with endoxifen levels ≥ 16 nM using TDM. TDM is a safe strategy that offers the possibility of nearly halving the number of patients with endoxifen levels < 16 nM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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