Search

With the increasing scale and complexity of IoT swarm intelligence applications, data security and privacy protection have become important factors restricting the development of IoT swarm intelligence. This paper explores the key technologies of data security and privacy protection in IoT swarm intelligence to improve the security and trustworthiness of IoT swarm intelligence applications. Using the method of literature research and empirical analysis, the data security and privacy protection in the swarm intelligence of the Internet of Things are deeply analyzed and studied. The data security risks in the Internet of Things are identified and classified, and the corresponding security requirements are proposed. According to different security requirements, a series of data security and privacy protection technologies are proposed. Finally, through empirical research, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed key technologies are verified. The research results show that these technologies and methods can provide guarantees for the security and trustworthiness of IoT swarm intelligence applications, contributing to the healthy development of the IoT industry. However, further research and improvements are still needed to address new security and privacy challenges that continue to emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the effects of the announcement and publication of the 2019 Public Charge Rule on participation of the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC) among pregnant immigrants. A difference-in-differences approach was used to analyze the changes in prenatal WIC participation before and after the 2019 Public Charge Rule announcement and publication among immigrants relative to US natives. We identified 17,623,683 live singletons born in a hospital from 2015 to 2019. Compared to US natives, the odds of prenatal WIC participation among immigrants were 11.4% lower after the 2019 Public Charge Rule announcement, and 19% lower after the final rule was published. The results of this study suggest that pregnant immigrants may decide not to participate in the WIC program due to the fear of jeopardizing their immigration status after the announcement and publication of the 2019 Public Charge Rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an efficient method for determining the position of the output plane of a phase object, which is registered by a lens system in the presence of a defocusing effect. The method involves the simultaneous employment of 2D diffraction maps of the diffracted wave constructed for its forward and inverse directions of propagation relative to the object output plane. We show that the resultant diffraction pattern obtained for both cases of the wave propagation appears as the two opposite directed diffraction cones with a special narrow zone between them. Within such a zone, there are particular regularities in the behavior of the intensity and phase shift of the wave. The knowledge of these regularities allows one to determine the position of the object output plane with micrometer accuracy, even when a single angle of laser probing is employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an easy and at the same time effective computational algorithm for tracing the interferograms of phase objects. The approach to preprocessing of interference patterns, which includes image denoising and removal of distortions, is given. We provide a detailed description of the parabola method involved in the algorithm for searching candidates for extreme points and consider the criteria for their selection and drawing lines connecting such points, i.e., the traces of the interference fringes. The advantages and disadvantages of the method, when applied to the study of complex-structured phase objects such as spark channels, which are formed during electrical discharges in ambient air, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new and disruptive technologies for ensuring smartphone security are very limited and largely scattered. The available options and gaps in this research area must be analysed to provide valuable insights about the present technological environment. This work illustrates the research landscape by mapping the existing literature to a comprehensive taxonomy with four categories. The first category includes review and survey articles related to smartphone security. The second category includes papers on smartphone security solutions. The third category includes smartphone malware studies that examine the security aspects of smartphones and the threats posed by malware. The fourth category includes ranking, clustering and classification studies that classify malware based on their families or security risk levels. Several smartphone security apps have also been analysed and compared based on their mechanisms to identify their contents and distinguishing features by using several evaluation metrics and parameters. Two malware detection techniques, namely, machine-learning-based and non-machine-learning-based malware detection, are drawn from the review. The basic characteristics of this emerging field of research are discussed in the following aspects: (1) motivation behind the development of security measures for different smartphone operating system (Oss), (2) open challenges that compromise the usability and personal information of users and (3) recommendations for enhancing smartphone security. This work also reviews the functionalities and services of several anti-malware companies to fully reveal their security mechanisms, features and strategies. This work also highlights the open challenges and issues related to the evaluation and benchmarking of malware detection techniques to identify the best malware detection apps for smartphones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is proposed to use local tomography for optical studies of the internal structure of transparent phase microscopic objects, for example, living cells. From among the many local tomography methods that exist, the algorithms of back projection summation (in which partial derivatives of projections are used as projection data) are chosen. The application of local tomography to living cells is reasonable because, using optical phase microscopy, one can easily obtain projection data in the form of first-order derivatives of projections applying the methods of differential interference contrast and shear interferometry. The mathematical fundamentals of local tomography in differential projections are considered, and a computer simulation of different local tomography methods is performed. A tomographic phase microscope and the results of reconstructing a local tomogram of an erythrocyte from a set of experimental differential projections are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of development of IT and emergence of new hybrid converged services, there have been increasing uses of smart device in wellness services. The wellness services on smart device use personal information to provide user-centric services considering user habits and preferences. Because personal information is so critical and have potential which unauthorized users misuse, it is a need to manage and control the authority in systems and devices for secure services. In this paper, we propose a rhythm-based access control system for secure wellness services. A role is assigned to a user by multiple users' different rhythm in a smart device and the only predefined service based on the role can be served. In addition, the system grants access authority and provides secure wellness service through enhanced authentication using the uniqueness of user's rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A direct-methanol fuel cell containing three parts: microchannels, electrodes, and a proton exchange membrane (PEM), was investigated. Nafion resin (NR) and polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene- ran-butylene)- block-polystyrene (PS) were used as PEMs. Preparation of PEMs, including compositing with other polymers and their solubility, was performed and their proton conductivity was measured by a four point probe. The results showed that the 5 % Nafion resin has lower conductivity than the 5 % PS solution. The micro-fuel cell contained two acrylic channels, PEM, and two platinum catalyst electrodes on a silicon wafer. The assembled micro-fuel cells used 2 M methanol at the flow rate of 1.5 mL min in the anode channel and 5 × 10 M KMnO at the flow rate of 1.5 mL min in the cathode channel. The micro-fuel cell with the electrode distance of 300 μm provided the power density of 59.16 μW cm and the current density of 125.60 μA cm at 0.47 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-N-C catalysts were prepared through metal-assisted polymerization method. Effects of carbon treatment, Fe loading, nitrogen source, and calcination temperature on the catalytic performance of the Fe-N-C for HO electroreduction were measured by voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The Fe-N-C catalyst shows optimal performance when prepared with pretreated active carbon, 0.2 wt.% Fe, paranitroaniline (4-NA) and one-time calcination. The Fe-N-C catalyst displayed good performance and stability for electroreduction of HO in alkaline solution. An Al-HO semi-fuel cell was set up with Fe-N-C catalyst as cathode and Al as anode. The cell exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 1.3 V and its power density reached 51.4 mW cm at 65 mA cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize CoO nanocubes using hydrogen peroxide (HO) as oxidant, Co(NO)·6HO as a cobalt source. The products are characterized in detail by multiform techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the obtained products are CoO nanocubes with size ranging between 20 and 40 nm. The effects of the hydrogen peroxide concentration on the size of the products have been studied. The electrocatalytic activities of HO reduction on CoO nanocubes in phosphate buffer were also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]