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This paper introduces the notion of k-fuzzy metric spaces, which generalizes and extends the concept of fuzzy metric spaces due to George and Veeramani in [A. George and P. Veeramani, On some results in fuzzy metric spaces, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 64 (1994), 395-399.] for the fuzzy sets involving more than one (k) parameters. It is shown that the topology generated by the k-fuzzy metric is first countable, and the k-fuzzy metric space is Hausdorff. Finally, we prove a fixed point theorem, which generalizes and extends the results of Grabiec [M. Grabiec, Fixed points in fuzzy metric spaces, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 27 (1988), 385-389.] into k-fuzzy metric spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the notion of graphical cone metric spaces over Banach algebra and prove some fixed point results for a particular type of contractive mappings defined on such spaces. These results extend and generalize several results from metric, graphical metric, and cone metric spaces. Some examples that demonstrate the results proved herein are provided. An application of our results to the existence of solution of a pair of initial value problems is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish a relation-theoretic set-valued version of the fixed point result of Ćirić and Prešić (Acta Math. Univ. Comen. LXXVI(2):143–147, 2007) on metric spaces endowed with an arbitrary binary relation. The results of this paper, generalize and unify the fixed point results of Ćirić and Prešić (Acta Math. Univ. Comen. LXXVI(2):143–147, 2007), Shukla and López (Quaest. Math. 45(3):1–16, 2019), and Shukla and Radenović (An. Ştiinţ. Univ. 'Al.I. Cuza' Iaşi, Mat. 63(2):339–350, 2017) in product spaces. Some examples are provided that justify and establish the importance of our results. As applications of our main result, we have established the existence of solutions to differential inclusion problems and the weak asymptotical stability and a global attractivity of the equilibrium point of a difference inclusion problem. The use of arbitrary binary relations in our results permits us to apply the results to the differential inclusion problems and difference inclusion problems with weaker assumptions than those used in the papers mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a survey report regarding the facilities of Cancer Management in Central India, consisting of Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh and Rajasthan. These three states are considered less developed states medically in comparison to the northern, western and southern states. Madhya Pradesh with large population has more than 7 cities having many cancer institution/hospitals with advanced radiation centre and surgical/radiological units to improve diagnosis and management. Similarly, Chhatisgarh, a tribal state, is advancing forward with 3 centres of Advance Management for Cancer Patient. Rajasthan, Jaipur is the main centre of Advance Cancer Management with many private units operating, benefitting a large population in the state. Beside this, 5 more cities have centres of excellence in treating cancer patients with advanced radiation facilities, expert oncology surgeon and investigative facilities required in investigation and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study included the preparation and tribo-characterization of Calotropis gigantea (CG) fiber reinforced CNT modified phenolic resin composites. Composites were prepared with varying contents (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in phenolic resin, which was reinforced with CG fiber. The prepared composites were tested for their adhesive wear and frictional behavior at different applied loads (up to 100 N) against EN-31 steel disk on a standard pin-on-disk tribometer. The results revealed that addition of MWCNT enhanced the pressure–velocity (PV) limit significantly and reduced the value of friction coefficient of CG-fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composite. The friction coefficient decreases with increasing applied load. The wear rate significantly depends on MWCNT contents. The contact temperature of sliding surfaces increased with increasing applied load. The worn surfaces were analyzed and discussed to understand the wear mechanism involved with the help of SEM micrographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, Parvaneh et al. (J Math Anal 8(1):183–201, 2017) further extended rectangular metric space by introduced partial rectangular b-metric space and utilized the same to prove some fixed point results. Almost at the same time, Roshan et al. (Nonlinear Anal Model Control 21(5):614–634, 2016) generalized Geraghty fixed point results by proving some fixed point results in b-rectangular metric space. In this paper, we prove some ordered-theoretic fixed point results for Geraghty-weak contraction in ordered partial rectangular b-metric space. Our results extend and improve many existing results in literature. We also furnish an example which exhibits the utility of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some fixed point results for relation theoretic weak φ -contractions on cone metric spaces which is defined over a Banach algebra and equipped with a binary relation are proved. These results extend and generalize several results of metric and cone metric spaces. Some examples are provided which demonstrate the results proved herein. An application of our main result to a system of Volterra type equations is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the recent work of Liu and Xu, we prove a generalized Banach fixed point theorem for the setting of cone rectangular Banach algebra valued metric spaces without assuming the normality of the underlying cone. Our work generalizes some recent results into cone rectangular Banach algebra valued metric spaces. An example to illustrate the main result is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the set-valued contractions defined on product spaces when the underlying space is a complete metric space endowed with a graph. Some fixed point results for the so-called set-valued G-Prešić operators are established. Our theorems extend and generalize some known results in product spaces of the recent literature. As an application of our main result, fixed point results for various types of set-valued contractions on product spaces are derived, and a sufficient condition for the existence of a weakly asymptotically stable and global attractor equilibrium point of a kth order nonlinear difference inclusion is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we generalize the Banach contraction principle by proving common fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying Prešić type conditions in 2-Banach spaces. The common fixed point is approximated by the $$k$$ -Picard type and $$k$$ -Mann type iteration schemes in product spaces. The results in this paper extend the results of Prešić in the framework of a 2-Banach space. An example is provided which illustrate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of partial b-metric spaces as a generalization of partial metric and b-metric spaces. An analog to Banach contraction principle, as well as a Kannan type fixed point result is proved in such spaces. Some examples are given which illustrate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to obtain the fixed point results for F-type contractions which satisfies a weaker condition than the monotonicity of self-mapping of a partially ordered metric-like space. A fixed point result for F-expansive mapping is also proved. Therefore, several well known results are generalized. Some examples are included which illustrate the results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The author reflects on how to review an article submitted to a journal. He says that review of an article is a pious duty, as well as an honor to an individual for giving his views on an article. He mentions that authors should submit their work as per instructions given in the journal. He adds that a reviewer should see that the material sent is complete in terms of written material with photographs and charts/figures.

Jejunal diverticulosis (JD) is a rare disease of elderly people. Majority of diagnosed individuals are asymptomatic and found incidentally. The disease is clinically significant because of associated potential risk of serious complications. Due to the rarity and variable presentation of this clinical entity, diagnosis is often difficult and delayed, resulting in unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Clinical presentations, signs, diagnosis, complications and treatment of JD are discussed through a review of the literature and report of two cases. A literature review was done for analysis of diagnosis, treatment and complications of JD. Two cases of JD diagnosed and treated in our institution are also presented. JD is a rare disease which has variable presentations and thus poses a challenge to our diagnostic skills. Awareness about complications and presentation of the condition is needed for early detection and avoiding unnecessary mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parathyroid glands are endocrine glands that regulate calcium metabolism. Usually four in number, they lie mostly on the posterior aspect of thyroid glands. Primary hyper-parathyroidism (PHPT) refers to a condition wherein they secrete an excess of parathyroid hormone leading to signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia. Thirty-two patients of primary hyper-parathyroidism were seen by us in the ten years. Majority of patients were below 40 years of age (88%). Male: female ratio was 1:4. The diagnosis was made incidentally in patients who reported for various signs and symptoms not responding to treatment. High serum calcium pointed to the diagnosis of primary parathyroid hyperplasia. It was confirmed by high level of serum parathyroid hormone and localization of enlarged parathyroid glands by USG / MRI and / or Tc-99 Technetium scan. Of the 32 patients examined, 43 parathyroid glands were excised, five cases had two glands excised; out of these 4 cases underwent parathyroid reimplantation in neck/forearm muscles. One unusual case underwent operation for giant-cell tumor of the head of humerus. This patient presented with excessive vomiting not responding standard medical management in post-operative period. During investigations serum calcium was found to be very high, the diagnosis was confirmed by finding high parathyroid hormone and corroborated by T99 Technetium scan. Parathyroidectomy was done in all cases, of which 59% (18 cases) developed mild to severe tetany due to hypocalcaemia. Primary hyperplasia of thyroid gland is the most important cause of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is found in all cases of PHPT in our series with high parathyroid hormone levels. Majority of our cases have one gland involvement and hypocalcaemia in our series is unusually high following excision of involved gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents guidelines on how to write a scientific paper. It mentions the components of paper writing such as language and orderly writing, basic norms of scientific writing, and scientific material writing. It also emphasizes the factors to be avoided in formulating a scientific paper. Furthermore, it enumerates the sections to be included in a scientific article such as the title, abstract, introduction, and the materials and methods.

The author reflects on surgery which is a scientific unfolding of regions, body parts suffering from diseases that results ending in its removal for healthy living. It mentions that surgery includes factors like passion, proficiency, perfection, and profession. It also briefly describes the historical aspects related to the concept of surgery. Topics include surgical teaching along with training, responsibilities of surgical associations, and surgeon-scientific artist.

The authors discuss the magnitude of oral cancer, a disease associated with tobacco and alcohol. They also discuss various programs related to oral cancer awareness, including M POWER that guides nations to protect citizens, and a program by National Cancer Institute USA that provides mass education, public awareness and proper management guidance. The authors suggest that the involvement of doctors and paramedical staff is crucial for the success of public awareness and early detection.

The article presents the author's views on the strategic direction of the Association of Surgeons of India (India), which is celebrating its 75th founding anniversary. The role of ASI in assisting surgeons and members and in partnering with State Chapters and Specialty Sections and other medical societies is emphasized. The necessity of forming a federation of surgical specialties in India and an International Medical Education Institution and Medical University is discussed.

The author reflects on the importance of responsible writing, He notes that it is a process of thoughts that was converted into words and sentences and was written on a paper. Moreover, he mentions that responsible writing is important to both the authors of an article, editors and reviewers. He added that writing an article also requires conviction, knowledge, determination and punctuality.

The author mulls over the steps taken by the Indian Journal of Surgery to achieve inclusion in PubMed. The author elaborates that this can be achieved through effective and planned strategies towards improving the journal content and the submission types. The author expresses that he understands the importance of being recognized as an authoritative and a journal with a good impact. Further, the author said that the journal has to find ways to attract quality manuscripts.

The author reflects on the issue in the transformation of the healthcare sector in India. He cites that the health sector is experiencing a transformation where people on the positive side of the economic divide choose corporate hospitals to government medical college hospitals and primary health centres. He asserts that the private sector is partnering with the government to share some of the responsibilities, which has benefited many sectors of the economy.

The author reflects on the changes and developments of the "Indian Journal of Surgery (IJS)." The author stated that IJS is working towards achieving universal acceptance through all indexing and abstracting agencies. In addition, the Association of Surgeons of India and IJS have signed a contract with Springer, a world famous publishing company with more then 150 years of experience, to ensure the quality of published articles.

Focuses on the trend of surgical practice in India. Impact of the development of surgical techniques and skills on the treatment of diseases; Improvement in infrastructure facilities and work environment; Plan of physicians to formulate a National Health Policy.

In this article the author comments on the benefits of Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) citation indexes. He says that the arrival of citation indexes of ISI which had been evaluating journals with the help of librarians had made it possible to do computer compiled statistical reports in terms of citation frequency which is by advanced electronic information system. He says that ISI studies the journal, examine data inputs and calculates impact factor regarding its acceptability.

The article presents an author's perspective about plagiarism of articles by some authors. According to the author plagiarism is an academic malpractice that is internationally condemned and gives bad example to the new surgeons. The author believed that academic excellence can only be achieved by sincerity, hardwork and dedication.

Discusses the innovation in medicine. Growth in surgical sciences with the efforts of John Hunter, Lord Lister, and Louis Pasteur; Development in anesthesia and X-rays that led to the understanding of many disease; Introduction of minimal invasive surgery.

Editorial. Comments on the changes to the editorial board of the "Indian Journal of Surgery." Efforts of the editorial board to make the journal financially sound; Impact of efforts to index the journal.