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The Evenki Formation of the Siberian Platform has been studied on the right bank of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River near the Sulomai settlement (Evenki municipal district of Krasnoyarsk krai). The structures and textures of the composing sediments are described. The main petrogenic oxides have been identified and the normative mineral composition has been determined following this identification. The increase of terrigenous components in the strata indicates periods of enhanced erosion in the provenance area (the Yenisei Ridge). In turn, the increased contribution of feldspars in the middle part of the section shows an intensification of physical weathering in arid conditions. The principal hypotheses of the origin of the Evenki Formation and other recent and ancient tidal flat and sabkha facies are outlined. We suggest that the studied facies of the Evenki Formation accumulated mostly under intertidal and, possibly in part, under lower supratidal conditions, which alternated depending on eustatic fluctuations in the basin. A conceptual model of the genesis of the Evenki Formation on the Siberian Platform has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone marrow metastases—noted in 6% of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma—have been linked to very poor outcomes. Bilateral bone marrow sampling from iliac crests has been the gold standard for bone marrow examination in rhabdomyosarcoma, but sampling errors due to patchy bone marrow involvement may limit its sensitivity. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull base and multiple 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[18F]FDG)-avid bone marrow metastases visualized by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (2-[18F]FDG PET/CT). His bone marrow aspirates were tumor-free. This case illustrates the diagnostic value of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in the detection of bone marrow metastases in rhabdomyosarcoma patients, which may re-shape the definition of bone marrow disease and, ultimately, alter disease staging and risk stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astrochronological (cyclostratigraphic) referencing of the lithological and geochemical characteristics of Jurassic deposits of the Crimea Mountains and the Caucasus to the eccentricity cycles of Earth's orbit is performed, the relationship of the determined variations in climate and paleotemperature with the times of coincidence of different orders of eccentricity cycles is analyzed, and their paleoclimatic description is given. New data on paleotemperatures of the Southern Demerdzhi Mountain section are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of an evaluation of the effect of experimentally dosed salinization and salinization with a simultaneous moderate increase in temperature on somatic indices, biochemical blood parameters, and the survival of perch Perca fluviatilis fingerlings are presented. The limit of salinity tolerance for perch fingerlings used in the experiment turns out to be a mineralization value of 8 g/L. An increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the tolerance limit of perch fingerlings during salinization to 5.3 g/L. Under conditions of elevated temperature and mineralization, maximum mortality is noted, as well as the lowest values of the condition factor and the hepatosomatic index of fish, indicating the debilitation of experimental individuals, which is determined by the revealed disorders of water homeostasis. An increase in energy costs with an increase in temperature is consistent with the data of an increase in the load on the excretory system of fish due to an increase in the permeability of fish tissues, which leads to a decrease in the content of basic inorganic ions in blood plasma. At the background temperature, chronic exposure to increased mineralization also leads to the depletion of the metabolic reserves of the fish body and the predominance of catabolic processes, which is confirmed by the low content of total protein and protein metabolism metabolites in blood plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the microstructure and geochemical features of bedded cherts of the Inikan Formation (Є1–2in) from coastal outcrops of the Yudoma River shows that the key role in their formation apparently belongs to siliceous organisms: radiolarians and sponges. The Ge/Si ratio indicates that there is no direct contribution of fluids to the formation of cherts in this part of the paleobasin. The studied chalcedony-quartz rocks were formed of primary biogenic silica that underwent diagenetic redistribution and post-diagenetic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—The lithological and geochemical characteristics of the Meso-Cenozoic interval of the Leskinskaya borehole section (the mouth of the Yenisei River) and its paleogeographic and paleoclimatic characteristics are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed-stock fisheries which simultaneously cause mortality amongst several populations of a species of fish may occur where separate stocks partially or completely overlap in the geographic area of harvest. This study aims to analyze the population-of-origin of adult and subadult adfluvial lacustrine brown trout Salmo trutta, exploited in a mixed-stock fishery in Upper Tuloma Reservoir in Eastern Fennoscandia, using otolith microchemistry. To evaluate the origin of migratory brown trout captured in these mixed-stock harvest fisheries, we undertook otolith sampling of brown trout juveniles in fluvial spawning and rearing habitats in the reservoir watershed, including 13 natal tributaries across the catchment of the reservoir in both Russia and Finland. Harvested adult and subadult brown trout otoliths were sampled from the impoundment in the central area of the reservoir and we analyzed for stock-related character differences to compare with known populations, using trace element signatures, with fish from the mixed stock fishery. The assignments-of-origin in the mixed-stock fishery-harvest samples did not follow the known distribution of populations sampled from natal streams in the watershed. For example, brown trout from the largest tributary catchments of Lotta River and Nota River were less represented in the mixed-harvest sample, which was contradictory to their contribution to the overall spawning and rearing areas of the catchment. These results point towards the importance of maintaining the diversity of different spawning and rearing tributaries required for brown trout recruitment into mixed stock fisheries, and the potential of the existence of population structure of brown trout in the reservoir catchment. Our information suggests that it is important to develop conservation and management strategies for natal habitats in multiple streams utilized by adfluvial lacustrine brown trout populations inhabiting various catchments and that are harvested in mixed-stock fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paleotemperature curves for water masses and average annual temperatures have been plotted for the first time on the basis of original and published data for the Central and Eastern Tethys for the Jurassic–Quaternary period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results of a geochemical study and their paleogeographic and paleoclimatic interpretation for a cyclically constructed section of the Upper Cretaceous deposits near Staryi Oskol in the Belgorod region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a geochemical, paleogeographic, and paleoclimatic study of a cyclically constructed section of upper Cretaceous deposits near Vol'sk city (Saratov oblast) are presented. Elementary layered cyclites and cyclic variations of several certain parameters were associated with the Milankovich astronomical-climatic cycles. Paleotemperature, humidity, and paleobathymetry curves were compiled. Paleotemperatures of the land surface in the denudation areas were obtained from the chemical index of alteration (CIA). Climatic cyclicity was established in the Turonian–Campanian interval, including a period of relative cooling (Turonian–Coniacian) with a paleotemperature of approximately 20°С, the period of relative warming in the mid–late Campanian (20–24°С), the cooling time at the end of the late Campanian (19–21°С) and the period of warming at the turn of the Campanian and Maastrichtian and in the early Maastrichtian time, there are two climatic cycles in Maastrichtian age, beginning with a time of relative cooling (approximately 19°С) and ending with a time of relative warming (approximately 20°С, at the end of Maastrichtian to 25°С). The cycles of climate humidity change are also determined: two cycles in Campanian time, three cycles in early Maastrichtian, and one cycle in late Maastrichtian. The boundary of the early and late Maastrichtian corresponds to the change of arid conditions to humid ones. The paleobatimetry curves show transgressive–regressive cycles: one in the late Turonian–Coniacian time, two in the late Campanian time, five in the early Maastrichtian time, and one in the late Maastrichtian time. Depth variations were estimated: in the Turonian–Coniacian time in the range of 70–80 m, in the Campanian–Maastrichtian time, the paleobatimetry consistently increased and changed from 100 to 200 m (on average approximately 150 m). These results provide an idea of the migration of the boundaries of the arid belt in the Late Creataceous and main features of the climatic zonation, which is important for regional and global paleoclimatic reconstructions, as well as for the history of the development the Russian Plate in the Ulyanovsk–Saratov region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hemangioblastomas are rare, histologically benign, highly vascularized tumors of the brain, the spinal cord, and the retina, occurring sporadically or associated with the autosomal dominant inherited von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Children or adults with VHL disease have one of > 300 known germline mutations of the VHL gene located on chromosome 3. They are prone to develop hemangioblastomas, extremely rarely starting at age 6, rarely at age 12–18, and, typically and almost all, as adults. There is a plethora of VHL-associated tumors and cysts, mainly in the kidney, pancreas, adrenals, reproductive organs, and central nervous system. Due to a lack of causal treatment, alleviation of symptoms and prevention of permanent neurological deficits as well as malignant transformation are the main task. Paucity of data and the nonlinear course of tumor progression make management of pediatric VHL patients with hemangioblastomas challenging. Methods: The Freiburg surveillance protocol was developed by combining data from the literature and our experience of examinations of > 300 VHL patients per year at our university VHL center. Results: Key recommendations are to start screening of patients at risk by funduscopy with dilated pupils for retinal tumors with admission to school and with MRI of the brain and spinal cord at age 14, then continue biannually until age 18, with emergency MRI in case of neurological symptoms. Indication for surgery remains personalized and should be approved by an experienced VHL board, but we regard neurological symptoms, rapid tumor growth, or critically large tumor/cyst sizes as the key indications to remove hemangioblastomas. Since repeated surgery on hemangioblastomas in VHL patients is not rare, modern neurosurgical techniques should encompass microsurgery, neuronavigation, intraoperative neuromonitoring, fluorescein dye-based intraoperative angiography, intraoperative ultrasound, and minimally invasive approaches, preceded in selected cases by endovascular embolization. Highly specialized neurosurgeons are able to achieve a very low risk of permanent morbidity for the removal of hemangioblastomas from the cerebellum and spinal cord. Small retinal tumors of the peripheral retina can be treated by laser coagulation, larger tumors by cryocoagulation or brachytherapy. Conclusion: We consider management at experienced VHL centers mandatory and careful surveillance and monitoring of asymptomatic lesions are required to prevent unnecessary operations and minimize morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bearing assemblies of the work rolls of high-speed cold-rolling mills are the most heavily loaded components of the working stands. The short service life of the rolling bearings is due to overheating. It is shown that it is possible to eliminate this disadvantage of rolling bearings either by providing, based on the developed thermal model, the appropriate oil-feed cycle in the oil-air lubrication system or by selecting, using the proposed method, the viscosity grade of the mineral oil that minimizes the temperature of the lubricating film in the contact zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical formulas are obtained for the thermal state of a bearing with oil-air lubrication; the viscosity class of the lubricant is taken into account. Recommendations are made regarding the structure of the oil-supply channels and the sealing of the frictional module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology, structure, and size distribution of goethite nanoparticles, which are obtained by chemical precipitation of iron salt and alkali in aqueous solutions with different surfactants and are dried at 100°C and room temperature, have been investigated in order to develop technology for obtaining goethite (α-FeOOH) nanoparticles of minimum sizes. It is found that the samples dried at a temperature of 100°C have a different phase state and increased sizes as compared to the samples dried at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have studied the effect of water-soluble surfactants (C2H5OH and C12H25NaO4S) on the processes of iron hydroxide precipitation and reduction and have showed the possibility of controlling the dispersity of the initial hydroxides and the reduced nanocrystalline metal particles and their size distributions upon the production by chemicometallurgical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains and compares two different robot assisted incremental forming processes: robot assisted incremental forming by pressing and robot assisted incremental hammering. Both processes are based on robot assisted forming, but forming of the material is different. In this study, these two processes have been used to form the same test geometries. The deformed geometries have been compared and analysed. The measurements include material elongations, sheet thinning and sheet surface hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation of distinct branches of the Wnt signaling network is essential for regulating early vertebrate development. Activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway stimulates expression of β-catenin-Lef/Tcf regulated Wnt target genes and a regulatory network giving rise to the formation of the Spemann organizer. Non-canonical pathways, by contrast, mainly regulate cell polarization and migration, in particular convergent extension movements of the trunk mesoderm during gastrulation. By transcriptome analyses, we found caveolin1, caveolin3 and cavin1 to be regulated by Lef1 in the involuting mesoderm of Xenopus embryos at gastrula stages. We show that caveolins and caveolin dependent endocytosis are necessary for proper gastrulation, most likely by interfering with Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling. Wnt5a regulates the subcellular localization of receptor complexes, including Ror2 homodimers, Ror2/Fzd7 and Ror2/dsh heterodimers in an endocytosis dependent manner. Live-cell imaging revealed endocytosis of Ror2/caveolin1 complexes. In Xenopus explants, in the presence of Wnt5a, these receptor clusters remain stable exclusively at the basolateral side, suggesting that endocytosis of non-canonical Wnt/receptor complexes preferentially takes place at the apical membrane. In support of this blocking endocytosis with inhibitors prevents the effects of Wnt5a. Thus, target genes of Lef1 interfere with Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling to coordinate gastrulation movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical signalling is the primary means by which cells communicate in the embryo. The underlying principle refers to a group of ligand-producing cells and a group of cells that respond to this signal because they express the appropriate receptors1,2. In the zebrafish embryo, Wnt5b binds to the receptor Ror2 to trigger the Wnt–planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling pathway to regulate tissue polarity and cell migration3,4. However, it remains unclear how this lipophilic ligand is transported from the source cells through the aqueous extracellular space to the target tissue. In this study, we provide evidence that Wnt5b, together with Ror2, is loaded on long protrusions called cytonemes. Our data further suggest that the active Wnt5b–Ror2 complexes form in the producing cell and are handed over from these cytonemes to the receiving cell. Then, the receiving cell has the capacity to initiate Wnt–PCP signalling, irrespective of its functional Ror2 receptor status. On the tissue level, we further show that cytoneme-dependent spreading of active Wnt5b–Ror2 affects convergence and extension in the zebrafish gastrula. We suggest that cytoneme-mediated transfer of ligand–receptor complexes is a vital mechanism for paracrine signalling. This may prompt a reevaluation of the conventional concept of characterizing responsive and non-responsive tissues solely on the basis of the expression of receptors.In zebrafish embryos, active complexes of Wnt5b and its membrane-bound receptor Ror2 are transported between cells via cellular protrusions called cytonemes to initiate paracrine Wnt5b signalling in cells that do not endogenously express the receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military organization and operations have served as the inspiration for centralized planning of the economy. In particular, central economic planning theorists were interested in the common ownership, technological determinism, and resource allocation methods found in various militaries. I draw on recently declassified articles from the Soviet Union's premiere journal of military theory, Military Thought, to demonstrate that servicemen-theorists had not solved the kinds of planning problems that advocates of central economic planning hoped they had solved, and that this calls in to question a critical source of inspiration for early central economic planning theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant tumour of the bone that usually occurs in children and adolescents. It is characterised by difficult treatment, recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Currently, the treatment of osteosarcoma is mainly based on surgery and auxiliary chemotherapy. However, for recurrent and some primary osteosarcoma cases, owing to the rapid progression of disease and chemotherapy resistance, the effects of chemotherapy are poor. With the rapid development of tumour-targeted therapy, molecular-targeted therapy for osteosarcoma has shown promise. Purpose: In this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms, related targets, and clinical applications of targeted osteosarcoma therapy. In doing this, we provide a summary of recent literature on the characteristics of targeted osteosarcoma therapy, the advantages of its clinical application, and development of targeted therapy in future. We aim to provide new insights into the treatment of osteosarcoma. Conclusion: Targeted therapy shows potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma and may offer an important means of precise and personalised treatment in the future, but drug resistance and adverse effects may limit its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease occurring as a consequence of premature birth, as well as antenatal and postnatal injury to the developing lung. BPD morbidity and severity depend on a complex interplay between prenatal and postnatal inflammation, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen therapy as well as associated prematurity-related complications. These initial hits result in ill-explored aberrant immune and reparative response, activation of pro-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic factors, which further perpetuate the injury. Histologically, the disease presents primarily by impaired lung development and an arrest in lung microvascular maturation. Consequently, BPD leads to respiratory complications beyond the neonatal period and may result in premature aging of the lung. While the numerous prenatal and postnatal stimuli contributing to BPD pathogenesis are relatively well known, the specific cell populations driving the injury, as well as underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Recently, an effort to gain a more detailed insight into the cellular composition of the developing lung and its progenitor populations has unfold. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding perinatal origin of BPD and discuss underlying mechanisms, as well as novel approaches to study the perturbed lung development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the electron microscopy method, the species identity of the diatom Cerataulina pelagica, isolated in pure culture from the coastal waters of the Black Sea in September 2021, has been confirmed. The range of optimal temperature values for the development of this species is identified. The impact of light and biogenic substances on its main structural and functional characteristics has been studied. The acclimation of C. pelagica to various light intensities is carried out by changing the efficiency of photosystem II, the C/Chl a ratio, and the specific growth rate. The morphometric parameters of cells (volume, surface area, and specific surface area) change slightly in the studied light range: 8.5–510 μE/(m2 s). The transfer of C. pelagica cells, which have the maximum intracellular pool of nutrients, to seawater depleted in nutrients causes a rapid increase in the C/Chl a ratio, as well as a decrease in the efficiency of photosystem II, the relative rate of electron transport, and the specific growth rate. A high degree of toxicity with copper ion in low concentrations in relation to the studied species is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite paleotemperature curves (values of average annual temperature and sea surface temperature) for high and low latitudes of Northern Eurasia have been compiled. A model of the climate history of the Northern Hemisphere in the Mesozoic–Cenozoic was built on their basis. The relationship of climate variations with other significant geological events, including eccentricity cycles of the Earth's orbit, impact events, and inversions of the geomagnetic field, is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Living with late effects can affect young childhood cancer survivors' (CCSs) self-management (SM) abilities. In this study, we explored different approaches to SM of everyday life by young CCS. Methods: This is a sub-study of a larger study on Physical Activity among Childhood Cancer Survivors (the PACCS study). We conducted individual interviews with 22 CCS aged 9 to 18 years who were at least 1 year off-treatment. An hybrid inductive-decductive thematic analysis was used. Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) managing everyday life with fatigue, (2) building self-management competence, and (3) cancer survivor as part of identity. Late effects, especially fatigue, contributed to a perceived ability gap compared to peers, limiting participation in everyday activities. CCS developed new SM skills to overcome such challenges and pushed themselves physically and mentally to master and balance activities and rest to regain energy. CCS changed activities, adapted their expectations, or legitimized their apparent lack of SM skills to regain a sense of self-efficacy. Managing the impact of cancer on relationships with family and friends also required use of SM strategies. Conclusions: The findings expand our currently limited knowledge of young CCS and SM skills they develop to manage everyday life after treatment completion. These, combined with ongoing support from family and peers, "make it work". Implications for Cancer Survivors: The perspectives of young CCS illustrate their SM skills and support needs beyond transitioning off-treatment. Conceptualizing this within follow-up care may contribute to a feeling of mastery and increased satisfaction among CCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural and functional characteristics of the large-celled diatom alga Pseudosolenia calcar-avis isolated from the Black Sea plankton have been studied. The main reasons for its intensive development and dominance in the Black Sea phytoplankton under conditions of different nutrient content in water have been determined. The high values of the photosystem II efficiency (0.67–0.69), relative chlorophyll a content (~1% of the organic carbon), and the ratio of the cell surface area to cytoplasm volume (~0.80–0.90 μm–1), as well as the presence of a large intracellular vacuole, allowed this species to grow at a high rate (1.40 day–1) under optimal environmental conditions. The transfer of P. calcar-avis cells having the maximum intracellular pool of nutrients to seawater depleted in nutrients causes a rapid decrease in photosystem II efficiency, relative content of chlorophyll a, and specific growth rate. Due to the intracellular pool of nutrients, this algal species provides 4.5 cell divisions within 4 days. After the depletion of intracellular nutrient reserves, the cell abundance and the culture viability remains almost unchanged for the next 5–7 days. The complete restoration of the functional activity and the further growth of this species require access to the external source of nutrients able to maintain cell functioning at a high level. The possible mechanisms of the replenishment of P. calcar-avis cells with nutrients under conditions of their deficiency in the seawater are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant family Caryophyllaceae, commonly known as the pink family, is divided into 3 subfamilies and contains over 80 genera with more than 2600 species that are widely distributed in temperate climate zones. Plants belonging to this family produce a variety of secondary metabolites important in an ecological context; however, some of these metabolites also show health-promoting activities. The most important classes of phytochemicals include saponins, phytoecdysteroids, other sterols, flavonoids, lignans, other polyphenols, essential oils, and N-containing compounds such as vitamins, alkaloids or cyclopeptides. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that remain one of the most extensively studied constituents of the Caryophyllaceae family. Numerous structurally diverse aglycones, including flavones, flavonols, flavonones (dihydroflavones), flavonols, isoflavones, and their O- or C-glycosides, exhibit multiple interesting biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-oedemic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. Thus, this review analysed the flavonoid composition of 26 different genera and more than 120 species of Caryophyllaceae for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the reinforcement of the Al + 12% Si aluminum alloy with ligatures, containing nanoparticles of Si3N4 powder, obtained by the azide technology of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) at SamSTU, are presented. The introduction of powder ligatures, containing from 2.5 to 7.5 wt % Si3N4, into the aluminum melt was studied. The reinforcement of the Al + 12% Si aluminum alloy was carried out in a GRAFICARBO type furnace in a steel crucible with a volume of up to 0.2 kg. The melt temperature was varied in the range from 850 to 1000°С. The effect of processing an aluminum melt by electromagnetic acoustic fields (EMAF) on the solubility of the introduced powder ligatures Ni–Si3N4 and their assimilation by the melt was investigated. The microstructure of the samples before and after reinforcement is presented. It is determined, that the maximum solubility of the Si3N4 hardening phase is observed, when it is introduced into the Al + 12% Si alloy in the composition of the powder ligature Ni + 5% Si3N4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the analysis of the results of hybridization during the early stages of wheat breeding, it is important to choose a system of traits by which the selection of elite plants will achieve some genetic progress and lead to improved yield potential. As a rule, when analyzing various factorial traits in the first-generation hybrids, quantitative parameters of plant yield components, their inheritance pattern, and heterosis are determined. A new source material of spring durum wheat was created by intraspecific and interspecific crossings. The inheritance pattern of the main components of spike productivity in the first-generation hybrids of durum wheat has been studied. The inheritance overdominance and partial positive dominance of spike length and grain number per spike was characteristic for the majority (64.3%) of intraspecific F1 hybrids. The best hybrid combination (Melanopus 10-02 × Slavuta) was characterized by overdominance and positive dominance in the inheritance of all the studied traits; high degree of heterosis (DH) (64.7%) by grain weight per spike was noted. Heterosis and inheritance pattern of the "1000 grain weight" trait by overdominance was found in hybrids obtained by crossing Melanopus 10-02 × Slavuta (hp = +5.0; DH +9.9%), Leucurum 06-07 × Saratovskaya zolotistaya (hp = +13.0; DH +7.4%), and Leucurum 06-07 × Kharkivska 29 (hp = +17.0; DH +10.0%). Among the studied parental component, the line Melanopus 10-02 has been selected and submitted to the State Qualifying Examination of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination. It was registered as the novel durum wheat cultivar MІР Raiduzhna. The promising perspective of the intraspecific cross combination (Line 08-17 × Saratovskaya zolotistaya) was noted; these hybrids were characterized by heterosis for all the analyzed traits and overdominance of their inheritance, which allowed recommending this cross for further genetic studies. Therefore, defining the parameters of plant productivity, the inheritance pattern, the degree of heterosis in the first-generation hybrids is an urgent task in creating new varieties as well as in the predicting breeding and genetic effect of crossing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single point incremental forming is a promising sheet metal forming technique for small batch production. However, the technique is unable to manufacture vertical walls without significant thickness variation and geometrical errors. Two-point incremental forming has the capability of manufacturing vertical walls but requires actuators and intricate rig designs. This paper presents a design facilitating vertical wall manufacturing using a die similar to that used for two-point incremental forming but without actuators. The geometry is created in six passes with a toolpath that can be generated on any leading computer-aided manufacturing software. Manufacturing with this technique reduces geometrical errors in critical areas and improves thickness distribution. This research will be of interest to anyone looking to manufacture prototypes with flat-based geometries in a cost-effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatty acid composition of bacterial isolates remains stable under standardized culture conditions, which makes it a useful taxonomic marker. The present study aims to characterize the diversity and quantity of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profiles of cultivable bacterial isolates collected along the southwest coast of India. Based on the similarity indices (range > 0.3–0.7) of the FAME profiles, the isolates were aggregated into 10 families, 11 genera and 19 species of cultured isolates. The following classes of bacteria were found: Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which also included a few pathogens such as Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Bacillus sp. The hydroxyl FAMEs 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid (C12:0 2OH), 2-hydroxypentadecanoic acid (C15:0 2OH),3-hydroxy 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (C16:0iso 3OH), 3 hydroxy hexadecenoic acid (C16:0 3OH) and 3-hydroxy 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (C17:0iso 3OH), as well as the unsaturated FAMEs (11Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1 ɷ5c), were exclusively associated with the isolates from Mangalore samples. Similarly, FAMEs 2-hydroxydecanoic acid (C10:0 2OH), 9-methyldecanoic acid (C11:0iso), undecanoic acid (C11:0), tridecanoic acid (C13:0), 10-methylhexadecanoic acid (C16:0 10-CH3) and (7Z)-7-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1 ɷ9c) occurred only in the isolates from Trivandrum samples. However, the isolates from Goa did not possess a signature FAME profile. The reproducibility of the GC-MIDI bacterial identification system was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques for selected isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma membrane is a dynamic lipid bilayer that engages with the extracellular microenvironment and intracellular cytoskeleton. Caveolae are distinct plasma membrane invaginations lined by integral membrane proteins Caveolin1, 2, and 3. Caveolae formation and stability is further supported by additional proteins including Cavin1, EHD2, Pacsin2 and ROR1. The lipid composition of caveolar membranes, rich in cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, actively contributes to caveolae formation and function. Post-translational modifications of Cav1, including its phosphorylation of the tyrosine-14 residue (pY14Cav1) are vital to its function in and out of caveolae. Cells that experience significant mechanical stress are seen to have abundant caveolae. They play a vital role in regulating cellular signaling and endocytosis, which could further affect the abundance and distribution of caveolae at the PM, contributing to sensing and/or buffering mechanical stress. Changes in membrane tension in cells responding to multiple mechanical stimuli affects the organization and function of caveolae. These mechanical cues regulate pY14Cav1 levels and function in caveolae and focal adhesions. This review, along with looking at the mechanosensitive nature of caveolae, focuses on the role of pY14Cav1 in regulating cellular mechanotransduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the numerical simulation, the deformation characteristics of incremental sheet punching (ISP) of perforated sheet with circular holes was studied. Combined with the experimental results, the feasibility of using the normalized Cockroft-Latham ductile fracture criteria to predict fracture of perforated sheet during the ISP process was verified. On the basis of above, the influence of the geometric parameters of perforated sheet on the formability was studied. The main conclusions are the major strain is much greater than the minor strain at the interval of holes on the side wall of the perforated sheet; the thickness at the short-axis edge of the hole is smaller than that at the long-axis edge obviously; and the maximum value of major strain of perforated plate decreases with the increase of straight diameter center distance ratio. It is feasible to predict fracture of perforated sheet during the ISP process by numerical simulation with normalized Cockroft-Latham ductile fracture criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few decades, there has been a rapid increase in the discovery of drugs from natural products, particularly secondary metabolites. Various efforts have been undertaken to enhance and optimize the production system of these secondary metabolites to meet the increasing global market demand. Recently, metabolic engineering has been used for the heterologous synthesis of secondary metabolites in the engineered yeast strains. Here, we highlight the recent advancements in the production of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites in metabolically engineered yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Furthermore, we also emphasize the important application of synthetic biology methods that are supported by state-of-the-art post-genomic tools to improve the efficiency and success rate of yeast metabolic engineering for the production of natural drugs. Metabolic engineering using yeast as a microbial host factory to produce pharmaceutically useful secondary metabolites is a very promising strategy, which can be used to support the industrial production system. Key points: •Next-generation sequencing application for genome mining of secondary metabolites •Various synthetic biology tools for yeast metabolic engineering construction •Examples of successfully produced medicinal secondary metabolites in engineered yeast [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of industrial robots is widespread in diverse manufacturing fields. Hence, there have been attempts to use robot for machining processes instead of machine tools. However, limited machining accuracy has been a major obstacle hampering the adoption of robotic machining systems. Recently, substantial research has been carried out to address this issue. In this paper, recent progress in robotic machining has been summarized, such as kinematic calibration and compliance error compensation to improve the accuracy of robotic machining. Auxiliary units for improving the performance of robotic machining systems are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the residual height of the sheet metal part surface formed by the point-pressing incremental forming method and the efficiency of the forming process, the candidate terminal cutter location points based on the latitudinal/longitudinal residual height were calculated firstly, and then adjusts the candidate terminal cutter location points that are beyond the maximum residual height. Finally, all the terminal cutter location points are obtained. Thus, while satisfying the maximum residual height, the pressing points are sparse as much as possible, which improves the forming efficiency. In addition, for the problem that the ordinary 3-axis CNC incremental forming cannot press the sheet in the different directions according to the surface features, a method for determining the spatial posture of the 5-axis pressing tool by adjusting the front angle and side dip angle was proposed so that the sheet metal can be pressed in different extrusion directions. According to the proposed 5-axis point-pressing incremental forming tool path generation method, the actual forming experiment was carried out, and the sheet metal part was successfully formed, which meets the residual height requirements and shows that the methods for the tool path generation and the spatial posture determination of the forming tool are feasible. In addition, a comparative experiment was conducted with the 5-axis consecutive incremental forming tool path under the same residual height conditions. Through the measurement and analysis of the experimental parts, it is concluded that the profiles of the sheet metal parts obtained under the two forming methods have a good geometrical agreement with the designed parts. However, the profile of the sheet metal part formed by the 5-axis point-pressing incremental forming tool path is closer to the designed part as a whole, and the thickness in the forming region is also slightly higher than that of the sheet metal part formed by the 5-axis consecutive incremental forming tool path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past three decades, robotic machining has attracted a large amount of research interest owning to the benefit of cost efficiency, high flexibility and multi-functionality of industrial robot. Covering articles published on the subjects of robotic machining in the past 30 years or so; this paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of robotic machining research works, a critical analysis of publications that publish the research works, and an understanding of the future directions in the field. The research works are organised into two operation categories, low material removal rate (MRR) and high MRR, according their machining properties, and the research topics are reviewed and highlighted separately. Then, a set of statistical analysis is carried out in terms of published years and countries. Towards an applicable robotic machining, the future trends and key research points are identified at the end of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite of medical disaster caused by thalidomide in 1960s, the drug came to clinical use again for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and multiple myeloma. Recently, a new generation of children affected by thalidomide intake by their mothers during pregnancy has been identified in Brazil. In the past few years, there is the great enhancement in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and targets of thalidomide with the help of modern OMICS technologies. However, understanding of cardiac-specific anomalies in fetus due to thalidomide intake by the respective mother has not been explored fully. At organ level, thalidomide causes congenital heart diseases, limb deformities in addition to ocular, and neural and ear abnormalities. The period of morning sickness and cardiogenesis is synchronized in pregnant women. Therefore, thalidomide intake during the first trimester could affect cardiogenesis severely. Thalidomide intake in pregnant women either causes miscarriage or heart abnormalities such as patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and pulmonary stenosis in survivors. In the present study, we identified a novel morphological defect (lump) in the heart of thalidomide-treated chick embryos. We characterized the lump at morphological, histo-pathological, oxidative stress, electro-physiological, and gene expression level. To our knowledge, here, we report the very first electrophysiological characterization of embryonic heart affected by thalidomide treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two methods of producing iron nanopowder that is resistant to atmospheric oxidation are considered. The properties of the nanopowder are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Its specific surface is measured by low-temperature nitrogen absorption. The effectiveness of the iron nanopowder in the removal of heavy metals (lead, copper, and zinc) from industrial wastewater is assessed for model solutions and for wastewater from the gas-processing system in the blast-furnace shop at PAO Severstal. The concentrations of dissolved ions are determined by ion-selective potentiometry and atomic-emission spectrometry. For purposes of comparison, experiments are conducted with natural sorbents (shungite, glauconite) and artificially activated K coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]