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The Internet of things (IoT) has concerned much significance for some manufacturing sectors including clinical fields, co-ordinations following, savvy urban communities, and automobiles. Anyway as a worldview, it is sensitive to different sorts of cyber-attacks. Customary very good quality security resolutions for guarantee an IoT structure are not reasonable. This deduces clever organization-based security plans as AI arrangements ought to be made. In this work, we propose Cyber Security Threats recognition in IoT utilizing Krill Based Deep Neural Network Stacked Auto Encoders (KDNN-SAE). In our proposed approach, first, the information pre-processing measure was acted in the underlying development before isolating the dataset into two segments: preparing and test. At that point, flow-based features are extracted from the pre-processed information. By then, the properties to be utilized by the algorithms are chosen in the attribute determination utilizing the Genetic Algorithm (GA). At last, our methodology completes with the execution of the machine learning algorithm KDNN-SAE. The experimental outcome proposed accuracy of is 99.37%. Comparable to the exiting SVM which achieves 98%, K-NN which achieves 98%. The NB and RF had less Accuracy 90%, 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is altering ecological systems and poses a serious threat to human life. Climate change also seriously influences on livestock production by interfering with growth, reproduction, and production. Livestock, on the other hand, is blamed for being a significant contributor to climate change, emitting 8.1 gigatonnes of CO2-eq per year and accounting for two-thirds of global ammonia emissions. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are three major greenhouse gases (GHG) that are primarily produced by enteric fermentation, feed production, diet management, and total product output. Ruminants account for three-quarters of total CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions from the livestock sector. The global dairy sector alone emits 4.0% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Hence, dairy farming needs to engage in environmental impact assessment. Public concern for a sustainable and environmentally friendly farming system is growing, resulting in the significant importance of food-based life cycle assessment (LCA). Over the last decade, LCA has been used in agriculture to assess total GHG emissions associated with products such as milk and manure. It includes the production of farm inputs, farm emissions, milk processing, transportation, consumer use, and waste. LCA studies on milk production would assist us in identifying the specific production processes/areas that contribute to excessive greenhouse gas emissions when producing milk and recommending appropriate mitigation strategies to be implemented for a clean, green, and resilient environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a fascinating photo physics of the light emitting polymer (LEP), poly2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) when diluted by the solid poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) environment. The neat MDMO-PPV exhibiting the single peak absorption at 496.6 nm and emission at 589 nm (of 0–0 transition) displays the blue and red shifted bimodal absorption and emissions simultaneously in the presence of inert PMMA matrix. Blue phase peaks are dominant for low dopant concentrations whereas the red phase peaks are dominant at higher concentrations. A switching from blue phase to red phase is due to transition from collapsed chain conformations to coupled or aggregated conformations of conjugated chains of MDMO-PPV. At low doping level, the intra-chain excitonic coupling between the transition dipoles (TDMs) of MDMO-PPV are disrupted by the PMMA matrix, whereas the intra-chain excitonic coupling is pronounced at higher doping levels in accordance with Kasha's model of aggregation. The emissions around 525 and 530 nm correspond to MDMO-PPV oligomer precursors and that around 580 to 605 nm are due to J aggregated conjugated chains. The activation energy calculations from Broido's, Horwitz-Metzer and Van –Kravelin methods are in good agreement, elucidating the correctness and consistency of the techniques used. Increase in the thermal stability of the samples with the increased doping level is affirmed by increase in activation energy from about 105 to 155 kJ/ mole. The XRD studies confirm the blue phase induced disorder and supported by the occurrence of the FTIR resonant peaks related to vinyl ring wagging and C = C stretching modes. Enhanced dc and conductivity increase in dielectric constant, the photo physics related parameters like energy gap, Urbach energy and Stokes shifts are reported. Highly correlated wavelength shifts and intensities of emission for both the exciting wavelengths 340 nm and 450 nm along with the unprecedented tuning of emission over wide range of the visible region with the most simple and the economic solution cast method are the novelty of this work. This invention can boost the technological aspects of plastic electronic display devices, like LED, LASER, solar cell and EM shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess and compare the immuno-expression of p53 and TP 53 gene amplification and correlate local recurrence and survival in histologically negative surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with normal oral mucosa. Methods: Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of HNMs of OSCC and 40 normal oral mucosa samples were analyzed for p53 immunostaining and TP 53 gene amplification by PCR. Results: Significantly, higher positivity was noted with p53 immuno-expression, TP53 gene amplification, and combined p53 and TP53 expression in the study group compared to the control group (C0.05). Most cases that were positive for p53 immuno-expression, TP 53 gene amplification, and combined p53 and TP53 expression showed local recurrence and poor survival. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that subjects with TP53 and combined p53 and TP53 positivity had decreased survival rate than their negative counterparts. Conclusion: Detection of p53 in HNMs of OSCC can be used as a biomarker to identify patients at a higher risk of developing local recurrence and to predict survival. Clinical relevance: Combined p53 and TP 53 assessment may be more reliable for predicting LR to help clinicians and surgeons in treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity affects various crop cultivation but legumes are the most sensitive to salinity. Osmotic stress is the first stage of salinity stress caused by excess salts in the soil on plants which adversely affects the growth instantly. The Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes play a key role in the regulation of abiotic stresses resistance from the high expression of different isoform. Selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as genetic variability at morphological and molecular level. Allelic variations were identified in some of the selected genotypes for the TPS gene. A comprehensive analysis of the TPS gene from selected genotypes was conducted. Presence of significant genetic variability among the genotypes was found for salinity tolerance. This is the first report of allelic variation of TPS gene from chickpea and results indicates that the SNPs present in these conserved regions may contribute largely to functional distinction. The nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the TPS gene sequences were found to be conserved among the genotypes. Some selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as for comparative analysis of physiological, molecular and allelic variability for salt responsive gene Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase through sequence similarity. Allelic variations were identified in some selected genotypes for the TPS gene. It is found that Pusa362, Pusa1103, and IG5856 are the most salt-tolerant lines and the results indicates that the identified genotypes can be used as a reliable donor for the chickpea improvement programs for salinity tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-doped Cu–Zn nano-ferrites with composition Cu0.6Zn0.4AgxFe2-xO4 (where x = 0, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02 and 0.025) were successfully prepared via co-precipitation technique. The presence of allowed planes in X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure. The appearance of two major absorption bands in Fourier transform infrared spectra supports the creation of spinel ferrites. The lattice parameter and crystallite size of Cu–Zn nano-ferrites show nonlinear behavior with Ag doping. The grain size of the Cu–Zn nano-ferrites is found to be increased with increasing Ag3+ concentration. The achievement of required stoichiometric nano-ferrites was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. No any notable tendency was observed in elastic moduli of Cu–Zn nano-ferrites with Ag doping. It is observed that the thermal energy required for conversion of p-type to n-type semiconducting behavior of Cu–Zn nano-ferrites extends with increasing Ag doping, except x = 0.025 composition. DC resistivity study shows metal–semiconductor behavior of Ag-doped Cu–Zn ferrites. The saturation magnetization of Cu0.6Zn0.4Ag0.025Fe1.975O4 is very much higher as compared to other compositions. Antimicrobial study shows that inhibitory zone of Cu–Zn nano-ferrites increases with increasing silver doping. Due to higher saturation magnetization and improved antimicrobial activity, Cu0.6Zn0.4Ag0.025Fe1.975O4 is applicable in industrial as well as medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ficus benghalensis L. is traditionally used to manage diabetes; also used in various herbal formulations, and is indicated as an insulin sensitizer. Hence, present work attempted in identifying the probable lead hits to promote glucose uptake via computational approach followed by experimental evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus benghalensis L. bark in yeast cells. Methods: The in vitro assay for glucose uptake was performed in the baker yeast whereas in-silico study involved retrieving the phytoconstituents from open sources, and predicting for probable targets of diabetes followed by drug-likeness score, probable side effects, and ADMET profile. Homology modeling was performed to construct the target protein glucose transporter-2. In addition, the binding affinity of each ligand with glucose transporter was predicted using AutoDock 4.2. Results: A total of 17 phytoconstituents from F. benghalensis were identified to possess the anti-diabetic effects. Among them, 4-methoxybenzoic acid scored the highest drug-likeness score and lupeol acetate had the maximum binding affinity of -8.02 kcal/mol with 9 pi-interactions via Tyr324, Phe323, Ile319, Ile200, Ile28, Phe24, and Ala451. Similarly, the extract showed the highest glucose uptake efficacy in yeast cells at 500 µg/mL. Conclusion: Herein the present study reflected the probable activity of the phytoconstituents from F. benghalensis in promoting the glucose uptake via the in silico and in vitro approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, a relative impairment in insulin secretion, and a certain degree of genetic predisposition. The rapid rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus around the world has assisted in the development of new pharmacologically active compounds. The current study was aimed to investigate and validate the anti-diabetic activity of wild-grown plant Duranta repens L. Material and methods: In-silico molecular docking via AutoDock tools 4.2 and in-vitro glucose uptake assay using yeast cells was performed to investigate the anti-diabetic property of plant Duranta repens. Further, mRNA-based gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed to predict the imitated ontology by the bio-actives from Duranta repens. Results: The in-silico study results reveal that among the 9 active phytoconstituents docked against GLUT-2 protein, α-onocerin possessed the highest binding affinity of -10.23 kcal/mol with no predicted adverse effects and also complies with Lipinski's rule of five. Also, in-vitro studies reflected in a 5 mM glucose solution, hydro-alcoholic extract of Duranta repens at different concentrations enhanced glucose uptake in yeast cells. Conclusion: Duranta repens extract enhanced the glucose uptake in yeast cells which may be due to the presence of α-onocerin; possessed the better interaction. Also, no adverse effects were predicted for α-onocerin. Thus, it can be speculated that Duranta repens may possess anti-diabetic activity which may be due to α-onocerin and other related bioactives; needs to be further confirmed via experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in blood glucose levels after a meal, which is further associated with various risk factors like cardiovascular diseases. α-amylase is a digestive enzyme and secreted by the salivary glands and pancreas, which helps to catalyze the hydrolysis of the internal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch breaking them into smaller units. Hence, the present study is aimed to identify flavonoids from the fruit pulp of Feronia elephantum as α-amylase inhibitors via in-silico and in-vitro protocols. In-silico tools like ADVERPred, PubChem, MolSoft, Discovery studio 2019, and Autodock 4.0 were used to predict the information related to phytoconstituents, drug-likeness character, and probable side effects. In-vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity was performed with five different concentrations of flavonoid fraction of hydroalcoholic extract of the fruit pulp of Feronia elephantum using 1% starch solution and DNS reagent. Four flavonoids were identified from 25 bio-actives present in the fruit pulp of Feronia elephantum. Three bio-actives were predicted to possess a positive drug-likeness score, from which 5,4-dihydroxy3-3(3-methyl-but2-enyl)3,5,6-trimethoxy-flavone-7-O-β-d-Glucopyranoside was predicted to possess the highest drug-likeness score of 0.70. Vitexin and 5,4-dihydroxy3-3(3-methyl-but2-enyl)3,5,6-trimethoxy-flavone-7-O-β-d-Glucopyranoside were predicted to possess nephrotoxicity as an adverse effect. The percent inhibition of α-amylase by a flavonoid-rich fraction at 100 μg/ml was found to be 45.95% as compared to standard acarbose with 74.79% inhibition at 100 μg/ml. Further, docking studies predicted that vitexin possessed the highest binding affinity (binding energy − 7.98 kcal/mol) as compared to standard acarbose with binding energy − 5.24 kcal/mol. There were no significant side effects predicted, in-vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity of the flavonoid-rich fraction may be due to the presence of vitexin, predicted via in-silico molecular docking; further, which needs to be further validated via in-vivo protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 21 different bioactives were identified from F. benghalensis in which 3 molecules, i.e., apigenin, 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, and kaempferol were predicted to target the highest number of proteins involved in diabetic pathogenesis in which protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b was primarily targeted. Similarly, a docking study identified ursolic acid to have the highest binding affinity with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b. The combined synergic network analysis identified PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to be primarily modulated followed by the calcium signaling pathway. Similarly, in oral glucose tolerance test, we observed the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of F. benghalensis to lower the total area under the curve of glucose and increase total area under curve of insulin for 2 hours. Likewise, hydroalcoholic extract reversed the altered homeostatic hepatic enzymes after 28 days of treatments. Similarly, the extract also enhanced the antioxidant enzymes level like catalase and superoxide dismutase in liver homogenate. In summary, hydroalcoholic extract of F. benghalensis bark may act as an antidiabetic agent by enhancing the glycolysis, decreasing gluconeogenesis, promoting glucose uptake, enhancing insulin secretion, and maintaining pancreatic β-cell mass via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and downregulating the function of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PTP1B is identified as the insulin signaling pathway downregulator; involved in pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. Further, it associates in regulating multiple pathways in diabetes mellitus; kindled us to identify the binding affinity of bioactives from Cymbopogon citratus by targeting PTP1B and identify the probably associated with it; further identifying the probable pathways involved in diabetes mellitus. In this regard, ChEBI database was used to retrieve bio-actives from C. citrates and 3D structures for the same were obtained from the PubChem database. The energy of bioactives was minimized and converted into ligand and the docking was carried using autodock 4.0 against PTP1B. Further, multiple characters of bio-actives like drug-likeness score, ADMET profile, probable adverse effects, and boiled egg model for bioavailability were also studied. Swertiajaponin was predicted for the highest drug-likeness score i.e. 0.26. However, swertiajaponin was predicted with the highest probable side effect of nephrotoxicity with pharmacological activity of 0.478. Similarly, swertiajaponin was predicted for the highest binding affinity with PTP1B with the binding energy of − 8.3 kcal/mol. Likewise, KEGG identified 80 pathways associated with PTP1B modulation in which 7 pathways were involved in diabetes mellitus in which FoxO signaling pathway was predicted to have the least false discovery rate by modulating 7 genes. Swertiajaponin could act as the potent inhibitor of PTP1B; scored highest druglikeness score but possessed minimum GIT absorptivity; further, PTP1B was identified to be linked with multiple pathways that are concerned with diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetravalent titanium (Ti4+)-substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles with varying composition were prepared by standard sol–gel auto-combustion method. The phase identification and nanocrystalline nature were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The room temperature X-ray diffraction pattern show only those planes which belong to cubic spinel structure. No extra peak other than cubic spinel structure appeared in the XRD pattern suggesting that the prepared nanoparticles possess single-phase cubic spinel structure except x = 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6. The plane (311) observed in the XRD pattern showed maximum intensity and is used to calculate the crystallite size (t). The Debye–Scherrer's formula was used to calculate the crystallite size which was found to vary between 19 and 23 nm for varying Ti composition x. The lattice constant (a) and other structural parameters were obtained from XRD data. The lattice constant is found to be decreasesing with increase in Ti substitution. The FE-SEM images of typical samples confirmed the spherical shape morphology. The magnetic properties were studied by means of vibrating sample magnetometer and Mossbauer spectroscopy technique. All the samples exhibit a good magnetic property which decreases with Ti substitution. The saturation magnetization goes on decreasing from 43.14 (for x = 0.0) to 12.86 (for x = 0.5) which may be attributed to the decreasing A–B interaction. The Mossbauer spectrum of typical samples show sextet pattern. The Moosabauer parameters like isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, Line width etc. were obtained. The dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss tangent etc. were recorded using vector network analyzer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of the bioactives under investigation were predicted to target TNF receptor-associated factor 5 in the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription pathway. Similarly, druglikeness prediction identified vitexilactone to possess the highest druglikeness score, i.e., 0.88. Furthermore, proteins targeted in the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway were also predicted to regulate multiple pathways, i.e., ErbB, AGE-RAGE, NF-kappa B, Measles, insulin, mTOR, chemokine, Ras, and pathways associated with infectious and non-infectious pathogenesis, where the immune system is compromised. Similarly, the docking study identified sesaminol 2-O-β-D-gentiobioside to possess the highest binding affinity with 3CLpro, PLpro, and spike proteins. Furthermore, phylogeny comparison identified the common protein domains with other stains of microbes like murine hepatitis virus strain A59, avian infectious bronchitis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus CV777. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, Tinospora cordifolia is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity; has been evaluated for their anti-diabetic and anti-obese potency in experimental animal models. However, the binding affinity of multiple bioactives with various proteins involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity has not been reported yet. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the binding affinity of multiple bioactives from T. cordifolia with various targets involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity. The ligands and targets were retrieved from the PubChem and Protein Data Bank respectively and docked using autodock4.0. Druglikeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profile were predicted using Molsoft and admetSAR1 respectively. The multiple bioactives from T. cordifolia were identified to interact with multiple proteins involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes/obesity, i.e., isocolumbin (− 9 kcal/mol) with adiponectin (PDB: 4DOU), β-sitosterol (− 10.9 kcal/mol) with cholesteryl ester transfer protein (PDB: 2OBD), tinocordiside (− 6.9 kcal/mol) with lamin A/C (PDB: 3GEF), berberine (− 9.5 kcal/mol) with JNK1 (PDB:3ELJ), β-sitosterol & isocolumbin (− 10.1 kcal/mol) with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PDB:4CI5), berberine (− 7.5 kcal/mol) with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (PDB: 2BBU), isocolumbin (− 9.6 kcal/mol) with pancreatic α-amylase (PDB: 1B2Y), isocolumbin (− 9 kcal/mol) with α-glucosidase (PDB: 3TOP), and β-sitosterol (− 10.8 kcal/mol) with aldose reductase (PDB: 3RX2). Similarly, among the selected bioactives, tembetarine scored highest druglikeness score, i.e., 1.21. In contrast, isocolumbin scored lowest drug-likeness character i.e. − 0.52. The predicted result of phytochemicals from T. cordifolia for acute oral toxicity, rat acute toxicity, fish toxicity, drug-likeness score, and aqueous solubility showed the probability of lower side/adverse effects in human consumption. The study suggests processing for bioactives from T. cordifolia against diabetes and obesity via in-vitro and in-vivo approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ferrite material with compositions Ni0.7Cu0.1Zn0.2LaxFe2−xO4 (where x = 0, 0.015, 0.025, and 0.035) was synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method. The ferrite samples were characterized by thermo-gravimetric and differential temperature analysis (TG–DTA), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The EDAX analysis confirmed the formation of required stoichiometric ferrite samples. The formation of cubic spinel structure with the presence of weak ortho-ferrite phases was confirmed from X-ray diffraction analysis. The lattice constant of all the ferrites was found to be increase with increase in La3+ content. The presence of main two recognized strong absorption bands in the frequency range 400–600 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra shows the formation of well spinel ferrite. Morphological study shows that grain size of the ferrites lies in the range 16.23–24.21 nm. It is observed that the saturation magnetization and magnetic moment of Ni–Cu–Zn ferrites decrease with La3+ content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wireless network, MIMO (multiple inputs multiple output) is an advance antenna in which multiple antennas are employed at basis and target terminals. The hopeful expansion of advance MIMO structure is to connect tens with numerous antennas. Particularly, when it united by synchronous development of a widespread quantity of client terminals then this contains numerous modernized throughput and energy ability. Whereas, if OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is diminishes the information rate, then the conventional MIMO can also be utilized to augment QoS at low information rate. In this research work, the framework stage implementation can be augmented by the exploitation of spatial multiplexing among antenna configuration of 16 × 16 for downlink transmission and 8 × 8 for uplink transmission and also explains about the implementation of MIMO set-up of LTE superior corporeal layer exploiting 64 QAM and 256 sub-carriers. The projected procedure can be take place in the operational phase of MATLAB and the implementation consequences were also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical isotopes 99Mo and 64Cu were produced via the dual routes of 100Mo(γ,n)99Mo + 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo and 65Cu(γ,n) 64Cu + 63Cu(n,γ)64Cu reactions from natMo and natCu targets via irradiation with bremsstrahlung + neutrons field using a 15MV clinical electron linear accelerator (linac). The activities of 99Mo and 64Cu measured by off-line γ-ray spectrometry were 1.05 and 13.5 Bq per gram of natMo and natCu per gray-second irradiation. Fluka calculations estimate 28.77 ± 5.5 and 33.35 ± 6.33% contribution to 99Mo and 64Cu yield, respectively due to the secondary co-produced neutrons by (γ,n) reactions in the linac head. The 64Cu yield is observed to increase up to 46% after moderation of the neutrons with varying thickness of a solid water phantom. This study suggests the possibility of irradiating natural targets of Mo and Cu in an electron linac to produce 99Mo and 64Cu as a cost saving measure for medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic activity of cobalt-doped bismuth vanadate [Bi4(V0.90Co0.10)2O11−δ; BICOVOX] powder, prepared by a solution combustion synthesis and calcined at 800 °C (BICOVOX-800), for hydrogen production using low-temperature steam reforming of ethanol, has been reported in this paper. The effects of reaction temperature (250-400 °C) and feed concentration (H2O/EtOH = 2.5:1 and 23:1 mol ratio) on the steady-state ethanol conversion and selectivity of H2, CO2, CO, and CH4 have been investigated (up to 30 h). It is observed that with an increase in reaction temperature and H2O/EtOH mole ratio, H2 and CO2 selectivity increases and CO and CH4 selectivity decreases. The maximum H2 selectivity and ethanol conversion are observed to be 63 and 88%, respectively, for H2O/EtOH = 23:1 mol ratio at 400 °C. The XRD results show that the fresh BICOVOX-800 has pure γ-phase and is highly crystalline. The used catalyst (more than 150 h total) is detected to have less crystallinity and to partially decompose into Bi2O3 and BiVO4 phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel doped bismuth vanadate [ $$\hbox {Bi}_{4}(\hbox {V}_{0.90}\hbox {Ni}_{0.10})_{2}\hbox {O}_{11- \delta }$$ ;BINIVOX] calcined at $$800\,{^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ (BINIVOX-800) catalyst is prepared by a solution combustion method. The catalytic activity study is carried in the temperature range of 250- $$400\,{^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ , and with the molar feed ratios of water: ethanol at 23:1 and 2.5:1. The study reveals an increase in the ethanol conversion and selectivity of carbon dioxide & hydrogen but a decrease in the selectivity of carbon monoxide and methane with an increase in temperature and water: ethanol mole ratio. Fresh and used catalysts are characterized using DTA, TGA, XRD and FTIR. XRD results reveal that the fresh catalyst is phase pure $$\upgamma $$ -BINIVOX. The phase purity and crystallinity of the catalyst is retained after 30 h of activity study. Graphical Abstract : Catalytic activity of nickel-doped bismuth vanadate (BINIVOX) powder for hydrogen production from ethanol via low-temperature steam reforming is reported here. Preliminary results show an increase in ethanol conversion and selectivity of carbon dioxide and hydrogen with temperature and water: ethanol mole ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The present study was under taken to evaluate the efficacy of various local and regional soft tissue flaps used for reconstruction after excision of various malignant lesions of the mouth and also to evaluate complications with length of hospital stay after the reconstruction. Materials and Methods: The study was a record based retrospective analysis of 127 patients who were histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity for which excision of the lesion along with segmental mandibulectomy and primary reconstruction with local or regional flaps was the treatment modality. Results: The male:female mean age is 48.27:48.79. The Z-proportionality test for intra oral reconstruction showed 5% level of significance ( P < 0.05) between pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMC) and other flaps. Difference between deltopectoral (DP) and PMMC, PMMC and primary closure at 1% level of significance, i.e. P < 0.01 was found for extra oral defects. The mean stay was found to be 31.31 days. Recurrence rate of 11% was reported. Conclusion: A total of 127 patients formed the study group. In the absence of bone reconstruction PMMC still continues to be the 'work horse' of reconstruction following wide excision and hemimandibulectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the abstract, on page 1, in the following sentence, "Significantly, higher positivity was noted with p53 immuno-expression, TP53 gene amplification, and combined p53 and TP53 expression in the study group compared to the control group (C0.05)." In discussion section, page 6238, right column, in the following sentence, "Brennan et al. first evaluated p53 gene alteration in surgical margins of histologically normal squamous cell carcinoma and found an association with recurrence and survival [21].", histologically normal has to replaced by Head and Neck. Correction to: Assessing immuno-expression of p53 protein and TP 53 gene amplification in histologically negative surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and normal oral mucosa. [Extracted from the article]

Nitrogen fixed in the form of nitrogen oxides is essential to produce fertilizers and many other chemical products, which is vital to sustain life. The performance of a milli-scale gliding arc reactor operated under atmospheric pressure has been studied for nitrogen oxides synthesis. In this work, the electrical and process parameters of the gliding arc reactor, such as frequency, pulse width, amplitude and feed ratio were investigated respectively. The experiments were performed at 1 L/min in a gliding arc discharge regime. The highest concentration of NO was found to be ~1 % at energy consumption of 10 kWh/kg of NO. Increase in frequency, pulse width and amplitude resulted in an increased specific energy input and NO concentration. The feed ratio (N/O) affected the amount of NO and NO produced, which gives possibility to independently obtain the desired ratio of NO/NO by tuning the electrical and process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Pectoralis muscle flap is one of the most common regional flap used in orofacial reconstruction. Mobilization of pedicle and reach of the skin paddle is a technical consideration. Method Based on the anatomical difference in blood supply to clavicular and sternal head, we elaborate a tecnique to maximise the length of pedicle in maxillofacial reconstruction. Conclusion The proposed technique is reproducible and reliable and possibly increase the indications of usage of the flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a high grade malignant neoplasm of small round cell tumor family, commonly affecting children and young adults. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a predominately neural, nonepithelial malignancy seen outside the nervous system that can arise in any place throughout the body including the diverse tissues of the head and neck. The diagnosis of PNET is confounded by its clinical and histopathological similarity to Ewing's sarcoma of the bone and has seldom been reported in the literature. The paucity of literature pertaining to the successful diagnosis and management of this lesion mandates its documentation and discussion. This article describes a case of an 11-year-old boy with an aggressive pPNET of the mandible. The clinical and radiographic presentations of this rare entity along with a detailed review on the current management modalities have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline thin films have been prepared by the simple and inexpensive successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method at room temperature in the presence of three different surfactants (Triton X-100, polyethylene glycol, and sodium dodecyl sulfate) using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. The two-beaker SILAR system is adopted with aniline in 1 M HSO solution as a cationic precursor and APS solution as an anionic precursor for polymerization of aniline. The polyaniline thin films are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The properties of polyaniline thin films with surfactant are compared with those of surfactant-free polyaniline thin films. The polyaniline thin films prepared with surfactants exhibited different morphologies. The electrochemical characterizations of the supercapacitor based on polyaniline thin films are studied with cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge techniques. The polyaniline thin film with Triton X-100 exhibited high specific capacitance ( C) of 1,040 F g and good cyclic stability (85 %) as compared to the C of the surfactant-free polyaniline thin film (637 F g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective, cohort, clinical study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital, Kolhapur from August 2010 to August 2013. The aim was to evaluate the results of type 1 interlay tympanoplasty with respect to graft uptake, hearing improvement and complications. Total of 100 cases with a mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media and a large central perforation (involving more than 50 % of tympanic membrane) were operated for type 1 tympanoplasty where the graft was placed by interlay method (below the fibro-squamous layer and above the mucosal or endothelial layer). Patients were followed up with ear microscopy at each follow up visit and an audiometry at the end of 3rd month. Statistical analysis was done by statcal software using paired t test and two sample t test for proportion. 96 (96 %) cases had a successful graft uptake. The mean pre-operative air-bone gap was 36.42 ± 12.0 dB; whereas the mean post-operative air-bone gap was 9.7 ± 6.71 dB. Except for residual perforation in four patients and partial tympanomeatal flap necrosis in two patients no other complications were encountered. Thus, we conclude that, the interlay tympanoplasty is a safe and effective method of graft placement for large central perforation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the size of pycnidia, ostiole, length and width of pycnidiospores and ratio between length and width of pycnidiospores of M. phaseoli isolates from cotton, castor, sesame and groundnut, the pycnidia of which were obtained by artificial inoculation on the hosts and also in culture medium of one cotton isolate, revealed that all the isolates were true to the type species and that the isolates had significant differences among them for these characters. The measurements of pycnidia and spores were dependant on the substratum for their production, and as such should preferably be made when these structures are obtained on the host of the isolate. Delimitation of M. phaseoli on basis of these measurements from other hosts of the isolates is considered unwarranted or invalid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An account on the pycnidial development of eight isolates of M. phaseoli - five from cotton and the other, one each from castor, groundnut and sesame and also from a culture medium has been given. The pycnidial development of M. phaseoli from cotton on a culture medium is extremely rare and pycnidia developed were having the outer wall consisting of only one layer of thickened cells and no clear ostiole. In the other isolates, all from the hosts, there were no differences in the development of pycnidia and pycnidiospores. All the isolates were true to the type species M. phaseoli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeTo compare intraocular lens implantation using a motorized injector vs standard manual injector through a 2.2-mm clear corneal incision.MethodsPatients underwent standard phacoemulsification using a 2.2-mm clear corneal incision. Hydrophobic acrylic aspheric intraocular lens (Acrysof SN60WF intraocular lens (IOL)) was inserted using D cartridge with manual monarch injector or autosert motorized injector. IOL safety, final incision size and wound integrity in terms of anterior and posterior wound gape, and descemet's membrane detachment were compared between the two groups at post-operative day 1 and at 1 month using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.ResultsThe study recruited 32 patients in the group I (manual injector) and 30 patients in group II (motorized injector). In group I, the final incision after IOL insertion increased by 0.12 mm (95% CI: 0.134-0.106) (P<0.0001), which was seen in 100% of the patients. In group II, the incision enlarged by 0.01 (95% CI: 0.021-0.0.001) (P=0.07) and was seen in only 6.67% of the cases. IOL nicks were seen in 9.37% of the cases in group I only. Although the incidence of descemet's membrane detachment and anterior wound gape was similar for both groups, posterior wound gape was seen more often with the manual injector in the immediate post-operative period. (P=0.018)ConclusionThe motorized insertion system was gentle and safe for the IOLs with lesser incidence of IOL nicks. Regarding wound safety, it caused significantly less incision enlargement and better posterior wound integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypyrrole (PPY) thin films with different PPY monomer to ammonium peroxidisulphate (APS) oxidant molar ratios have been synthesized using simple and inexpensive chemical oxidative polymerization method. An interrelation between the monomer to oxidant molar ratio, morphology and supercapacitive performance of PPY thin films is studied. Initial polymerization conditions strongly affect the morphology and electrical properties of PPY thin films. Thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric curves show the thermal stability of PPY up to 483 K. The supercapacitive performance of PPY films is studied using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. In the present work, PPY films deposited with 0.1:0.2 monomer to oxidant molar ratio (pyrrole:APS) show maximum specific capacitance of 754 F g in 1 M HSO electrolyte at the scan rate 5 mV s in potential window of −0.4 to +0.6 V/SCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytic fungi are a rich source of novel organic compounds with interesting biological activities and a high level of biodiversity. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to isolate, characterize and screen the Tulsi ( Ocimum sanctum Linn.) root fungal endophytic fractions (TRF) for hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities. Endophytic fungi from Ocimum sanctum Linn. roots were isolated and cultured aseptically in PDA media. The full fledged grown fungus cultures were fermented in potato dextrose broth and fractionated using ethyl acetate. TRF-1 and TRF-2 were subjected free radical scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl free radicals and reducing power assay. TRF-1 was found to be potential free radical scavenger with IC values of 71.83 μg/ml for DPPH and 110.85 μg/ml for hydroxyl radical respectively. TRF-1 and TRF-2 were further assessed for hepatoprotective activity in CCl induced hepatotoxicity in-vivo. Results showed that TRF-1 (200 mg/kg p.o.) and TRF-2 (200 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed the actions of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity, as evident by restoration of serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, triglycerides and protein level to normal values as compared to CCl treated group. Restoration of altered LPO ( p < 0.001), GSH ( p < 0.01) and catalase ( p < 0.01) by TRF-1 suggests that the hepatoprotective activity may be attributed to its antioxidant action. This was further supported by histopathological studies. TRF-1 was subjected to rDNA sequencing studies by PCR technique. Based on the morphological and molecular characterization, the fungus was identified as Paecilomyces variotti Bain. Therefore, endophytes from medicinal plants represent great potential for the discovery of new pharmacologically active metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) results from genetic mutations which activate the oncogenes and inactivate the tumor suppressor gene namely TP53. Despite the use of multimodality treatments the prognosis of oral SCC has not changed significantly. To evaluate 1) if there is any correlation between the two prognostic indicators i.e. p53 over expression and histological grade of the tumor 2) if any of the parameters of histological grading correlate significantly with p53 over expression. This information would help in understanding the exact role of TP53 gene mutation in cellular progression of oral SCC. Study was conducted on 90 resected specimens of Stage IV SCC of buccal mucosa. Slides from these specimens were evaluated for histological grading by Anneroth’s method and p53 over expression by Immunohistochemistry. Statistically significant co-relation was seen between the total histological grade and p53 over expression. Also 4 individual histological parameters which indicated high cellular turnover were also significantly associated with p53 over expression. TP53 mutation histologically signifies an early event in cellular progression of oral SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeSevere cases of blepharospasm resistant to botulinum toxin represent a challenging clinical problem. Over the last 10 years, we have adopted a staged surgical management of these cases with an initial upper lid orbicularis myectomy (combined with myectomy of procerus and corrugator supercilius as appropriate) and then 4–6 months later a brow suspension with autologous fascia lata. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of this staged surgical approach.Materials and methodsA questionnaire was sent to all patients who had undergone the procedure and the clinical records reviewed.ResultsFourteen patients had undergone the procedure of which 13 were alive. They were sent a questionnaire and 10 of them responded. All had both procedures. Eight of the 10 reported great benefit from the surgery, one some benefit, and one was worse off. All patients still required botulinum toxin injections after the surgery.ConclusionsMajority, but not all, of the patients in our series greatly benefitted from this staged surgical approach.Eye (2009) 23, 1549–1553; doi:10.1038/eye.2008.314; published online 17 October 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium titanate, CaTiO3, an important microwave dielectric material and one of major phases in synroc (synthetic rock), a titanate ceramic with potential application for fixation of high level nuclear waste was synthesized from calcium titanyl oxalate [CaTiO (C2O4)2-6H2O] (CTO) by employing microwave heating technique. CTO heated in microwave heating system in air at 500°C for 1 h gave a perovskite, CaTiO3. The product obtained by heating of CTO in the same system at 700°C for the same duration was however, much more crystalline. CaTiO3 obtained by the present method was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET surface area measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to WHO, there will be epidemic of diabetes world over and India is going to be 'A diabetes capital of the world' by 2025. With the increasing incidence of diabetes, the associated complications are also bound to increase. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is one of them. Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis is an opportunistic, fulminating fungal infection, caused by Rhizopus species of order of mucorales, frequently seen in diabetic and immunocompromised patients. Mucormycosis has a very high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and treatment with Amphoteriein-B is the key to combat this disease successfully. We have seen 13 cases in last 3 years (2002-2005) in our area. This incidence is significant, as this type of cases were rarely seen before 2002, in this geographical area. We present an account of these cases; treatment strategies adopted, review of literature, and highlight 'the role of ENT surgeon in diagnosis and management of this dreadful disease'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gametophytic selection can drastically reduce the number of selection cycles during crop improvement programs. The objective of the present investigation was to test whether the nature of inheritance of two unlinked disease-resistant loci, h 1 and h 2, against Fusarium wilt in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) under gametophytic (pollen) selection was similar to that already observed at sporophytic level. A homozygous dominant ( H 1 H 1 H 2 H 2) susceptible genotype JG-62 was crossed to a recessive ( h 1 h 1 h 2 h 2) resistant genotype WR-315 to produce 20 F1 hybrid seeds. In the following generation, flower buds of 10 F1 hybrid plants were subjected to toxin stress before anthesis and the remaining ten control F1 plants’ flowers were sprayed with water. Thirty-four selected BC1 plants were generated by test crossing resistant WR-315 individuals with pollen from toxin-stressed F1 individuals. Both control and treated F1 plants were selfed to produce respective F2 generations. Two DNA markers, CS-27700bp and A07C430bp, linked to susceptible alleles H 1 and H 2, respectively, were used to study the inheritance patterns of h 1 and h 2 loci in the F2 and BC1 generations. One hundred and forty-four selected F2, 129 control F2, and 34 selected backcross individuals were tested for the presence or absence of DNA markers. Except for the control F2, observed ratios of selected F2 and BC1 populations exhibited significant chi-square deviations from expected monogenic and digenic ratios. Our results suggest that gametophytic selection is as effective as that realized at the sporophytic level, and that the gametophytic selection can be an effective breeding tool for plant breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is caused by various begomoviruses of the family Geminiviridae leading to considerable crop losses in Africa and Asia. Recombination between their genomic components has generated new pathotypes with enhanced virulence in Africa. Here, we report about a survey on the biodiversity of begomoviruses in cassava from southern India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala states) performed in 2001 and 2002. Viral DNA A components from stem cuttings were analysed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Eight representative examples were completely sequenced. The majority of DNA sequences (7 of 8) obtained were more closely related to that of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) than of Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV). Only one sequence collected in Kerala was related to ICMV. The diversity of the SLCMV-like sequences was rather low compared to the variability of African viruses associated with cassava mosaic disease. Based on DNA A sequence data, all of these isolates should be classified as variants of SLCMV or ICMV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed mosaic structures within the DNA sequences which may indicate footprints of recombination events between ancestors of SLCMV and ICMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biodiversity of geminiviruses associated with the Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) in India was investigated using PCR to specifically amplify the DNA of Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) or Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) and also by using PCR to amplify specific viral genes, followed by digestion with different restriction endonucleases to obtain polymorphic patterns (PCR-RFLP). Results showed that both ICMV and SLCMV were present in mosaic-affected cassava; ICMV was geographically restricted to certain regions, whereas SLCMV was widespread. PCR-RFLP analysis showed that, in addition to ICMV-type and SLCMV-type patterns, a high proportion (40%) of the samples displayed novel patterns, some of which were localized in certain areas, whereas others were widely distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and reproducible method is described for the quantitative determination of metadoxine in the presence of its degradation products. The method was based on high performance liquid chromatographic separation of the drug from its degradation products on the reversed phase, kromasil column [C18 (5-micron, 25 cm × 4.6 mm, i.d.)] at ambient temperature using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (50: 50, v/v). Flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1 with an average operating pressure of 180 kg cm−2 and t R was found to be 2.85 ± 0.05 min. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 286 nm based on peak area with linear calibration curves at concentration range 10–100 μg mL−1. This method has been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulation. No chromatographic interference from the tablet excipients was found. The method was validated in terms of precision, robustness, recovery and limits of detection and quantitation. Drug was subjected to acid, alkali and neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, dry heat, wet heat treatment and photo and UV degradation. As the proposed method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed as stability indicating one. Moreover, the proposed HPLC method was utilized to investigate the kinetics of the acidic, alkaline and oxidative degradation processes at different temperatures and their respective apparent pseudo first order rare constant, half-life and activation energy was calculated with the help of Arrhenius plot. In addition the pH-rate profile of degradation of metadoxine in constant ionic strength buffer solutions with in the pH range 2–11 was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of coincidence window and measuring volume size on two-component laser velocimeter measurement of turbulence in an isothermal liquid flow through a concentric annular channel were studied. Three different coincidence windows (100–500 μs) and three different measuring volume sizes (diameter, 5–9 wall units; spanwise length, 24–91 wall units) were used in a flow of Reynolds number 31,500 and data density spanning the high end of intermediate to the low end of high (3–6). While no significant effects of the coincidence window and measuring volume size were found on the time-mean velocity and turbulence intensities, the streamwise Reynolds shear stress measured near a wall was found to be markedly affected by both. The smallest feasible measuring volume along with an appropriate coincidence window provides good measurement of the shear stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Liver and breast cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, prompting researchers to seek natural anticancer agents and reduce chemotherapy side effects. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris Linnaeus), rich in polyphenols and powerful antioxidants, has shown potential in cancer prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of red beetroot-derived anthocyanin (Ant), Ant-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Ant NPs), cisplatin (Cis), Cis-loaded chitosan (Cis NPs), and Cis + Ant-loaded chitosan NPs on human hepatoma HepG2 and breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cell lines. Methods: NPs preparation was evaluated by zeta potential, FTIR, and SEM. The cytotoxic, apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects were assessed by MTT assay, qPCR, AO/EB staining, and flow cytometry. Results: Treatment with Ant, Ant NPs, Cis, Cis NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 and MCF7 with best effect in Cis-treated cells. The anticancer effects were attributed to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis (with high Bax and low Bcl2 expression), chromatin disintegration, and cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phases. All treatments inhibited migration by downregulating the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulating the anti-migratory gene TIMP1 and decreased the angiogenesis-related gene VEGF and the inflammatory gene TNFα with best results in Cis NPs-treated cells. Interestingly, Ant, Ant NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs increased the antioxidant status (high GSH and upregulated expression of Nrf2 and OH-1) and decreased drug resistance-related MAPK1 and MDR1 genes compared to Cis and Cis NPs-treated cells. Conclusions: Anthocyanin and cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively combat breast and liver cancers by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and reducing inflammation. They also inhibit tumor spread and blood vessel formation through downregulation of MMP9 and VEGF, highlighting their therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of nanotechnology in agriculture has emerged as a tool of great sustainable use for crop improvement. Pregerminative treatments with various chemicals and hormones are routine procedures to break the seeds' dormancy and stimulate crop germination. However, innovative techniques using nanoparticles (NPs) for seed priming are considered a potentially effective and efficient strategy to promote seed germination, nutrient delivery, and growth through impregnation. The present work aimed to synthesize iron oxide NPs (FeONPs) by a green method by using vegetal organic waste as a source of reducing and stabilizer agents for NPs formation, and then it was used to promote seed germination, growth, and biofortification of Solanum lycopersicum. The results indicate the effectiveness of orange peel waste for the one-step green synthesis of magnetite Fe3O4 NPs with an apparent spherical form and an average size of 13 nm determined with SEM analysis. The application of NPs as a nano priming (0.1–300 ppm) did not show significant changes in the germination development of tomatoes. However, positive effects on the growth of seedlings were observed with medium doses administered (10–50 ppm) because root length, stem length, and biomass were increased. In addition, an increase in the Fe and other micronutrients of both grain and seedlings was also observed, suggesting that nano priming with Fe3O4 NPs can stimulate the growth and Fe uptake of S. lycopersicum crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]