Search

Hypertension is one critical health issue causing cardiovascular diseases. There has been a common concern among health researchers that the prevalence of hypertension, known as high blood pressure, has been more frequently observed among people with intellectual disabilities, compared to the general population. Thus, this study aims to identify which health-related physical fitness and body composition factors are significantly related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressures among people with intellectual disabilities. The data from 2180 people with intellectual disability who conducted the physical fitness tests from 2019 to 2020 were used for this study. Four physical fitness tests (i.e., 3-min step, grip strength, sit-up, and sit and reach) and two body compositions (i.e., body mass index and body fat %) used as predictors, and two blood pressures (i.e., systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) were used as outcome variables. A regression analysis was performed to examine the proposed associations. The regression test revealed that 3-min step, body mass index, and body fat % were significantly associated with both systolic blood pressure and diastolic body pressure. This research contributes to our understanding of the roles of body compositions and aerobic endurance in preventing hypertension among people with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is a critical need for the development of dependable and valid anxiety assessment tools suitable for people with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities, particularly those who speak few or no words. Distinguishing anxiety from distress caused by physical discomfort (pain) or characteristics associated with autism, prevalent in this population, necessitates specialised assessment tools. This study (a) developed a parent-report anxiety questionnaire tailored for individuals with severe to moderate intellectual disabilities, potentially with a co-diagnosis of autism, and (b) evaluated the psychometric attributes of this novel measure. Methods: A comprehensive approach involving literature reviews, inspection of existing tools, and interviews with clinicians and parents guided the creation of the Clinical Anxiety Scale for People with Intellectual Disabilities. The tool was completed by parents or caregivers (N = 311) reporting on individuals aged 4 or older with intellectual disabilities. Results: Exploratory factor analysis indicated a four-factor structure encompassing anxiety, pain, low energy/withdrawal, and consolability. The anxiety factor explained the most variance in scores (26.3%). The anxiety, pain, low energy/withdrawal subscales demonstrated robust internal consistency (α = 0.81-0.92), and convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity. Robustness of these subscales was further evidenced by test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.79-0.88) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.64-0.71). Subgroup analyses consistently demonstrated strong psychometric properties among individuals diagnosed with non-syndromic autism (N = 98), children (N = 135), adults (N = 175), and across diverse communication abilities within the sample. Moreover, individuals diagnosed with both autism and anxiety exhibited significantly higher scores on the anxiety subscale compared to those without an anxiety diagnosis, while showing no difference in autism characteristic scores. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the Clinical Anxiety Scale for People with Intellectual Disabilities is a promising measure for use across diverse diagnostic groups, varying communication abilities, and with people with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the creation of this cohort was to investigate patterns of health and health care utilisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall and in relation to specific diagnoses, among people with intellectual disabilities (ID) compared to the general population. People living in Skåne, the southernmost region of Sweden, on 1st of January 2014 with at least one diagnosis of ID (ICD-10 codes F70-F79) or Down syndrome (DS; Q90), or support and/or services according to the LSS act comprised the ID cohort (n = 14 716). People living in the same family and/or household as a person in the ID cohort constituted the ID family cohort (n = 31 688), and those remaining comprised the general population cohort (gPop; n = 1 226 955). Data has been collected for all three cohorts from several national and regional registers. These include registers for health care (2014–2021), deaths (2014–2021), COVID-19-related health care (vaccinations, intensive care, palliative care, 2020–2021). The prevalence of ID was 1.2%. In the ID cohort, 77.9% had at least one measure of support, 5.8% at least one Q90-diagnosis and 63.8% had at least one F7-diagnosis (26.9% mild (F70), 7.4% moderate (F71), 2.8% severe (F72), 1.4% profound (F73), and 25.4% other/unknown (F78/F79)). Compared to the gPop there were more people in the younger age groups in the ID cohort. At this point, no additional collection of data will be carried out. However, there is a possibility to add data from the registers to include years after 2021 or from additional registers. Future publications will explore relevant research questions and report key findings in relation to health among people with ID. Future results will be used to inform policy and practice on people with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexuality is a valuable part of people's lives, including people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Parents and social services personnel are significant parties for promoting the autonomy of people with ID regarding sexuality, although evidence reveals their actions tend to be in the opposite direction. Sexual attitudes do not emerge solely as personal or individual but evolve from interactions with others in a particular sociocultural environment. To explore the sexuality of people with ID, this study set out to understand the dynamic of people with ID, parents and social services personnel within the cultural context of Hong Kong. In total, 19 participants including people with mild ID, parents and social services personnel were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed applying Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and dramaturgy. Findings revealed the participants' experiences, obstacles, and underlying feelings regarding the sexuality of people with ID, and the phenomenon, "not taking action" formed by all the groups. Chinese Confucian culture was revealed as the factor influencing the dynamic on the issues of sexuality. With respect to cultural expectations, government and social services agency leadership should take the lead to adopt an evidence-based sex education protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Support staff and relatives are uncertain about multiple aspects of the sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities. Given that their attitudes embody positive and negative views, they can respectively support and restrict free sexual expression among people with intellectual disabilities and their potential for (intimate) relationships. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted on the attitudes of support staff and relatives toward the sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities. A systematic search strategy was deployed across seven databases. The identified articles were screened on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed on quality, which resulted in 31 included studies. A metasynthesis of these studies resulted in two major themes emerging, namely (a) attitudes toward the sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities, and (b) attitudes toward the sex education and support. Themes represented both positive and restrictive attitudes among support staff and relatives. The findings suggest that despite a general acceptance of the sexual rights of people with intellectual disabilities, certain forms of sexuality were approached more cautiously. Moreover, the sexual needs of some subgroups of people with intellectual disabilities received scarce attention. Those support staff and relatives holding rather restrictive attitudes appear to emphasize sexual risks. Finally, support staff and relatives stressed the importance of providing sex education and support for people with intellectual disabilities, while, simultaneously, expressing insecurity over the subject. The findings can help to improve the support provided to support staff and relatives to promote sexual health among people with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Schizophrenia in Autistic People with Intellectual Disabilities. Treatment and Interventions" published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. The correction addresses an error in the author's name and the order of authors in the original article. The corrected version of the article is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The authors are affiliated with Oslo University Hospital and Helse Fonna Health Trust in Norway. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Personal characteristics have been shown to influence the psychosexual development of people with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the SALUDIVERSEX program about affective-sexual education depending on gender, age, relationship status, and degree of autonomy. Methods: Two hundred fifty-four participants, clustered within 28 daytime support services, completed a battery of instruments before and after the intervention. The data was collected between January 2021 and April 2022. Results: Multilevel analyses, controlling for participant's dependence within the same center, confirm that the program is equally effective regardless of gender. Likewise, younger participants, who have greater autonomy and who have a partner, seem to benefit more from the intervention. Conclusions: This suggests that the SALUDIVERSEX program is a useful tool for educating adults with intellectual disabilities on sexuality, when they possess a high degree of autonomy. Policy Implications: The present study contributes to the successful replication of the intervention being tested, providing information on the aspects that may be more difficult to learn depending on the personal characteristics of the individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with intellectual disabilities share the same human need for affectionate and intimate relationships as people without a disability. Limited research has investigated sexual issues and concerns among adults with intellectual disabilities, including dating, intimate relationships, and marriage. This study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify the understanding and needs regarding sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities. Five people with mild grade intellectual disabilities participated in face-to-face interviews in which they discussed their struggle to have romantic relationships and sexual encounters. Their "understanding" and "doing" on sex issues were identified. The lack of adequate sex education and Chinese culture potentially impact people with intellectual disabilities' beliefs and behaviors on sexuality. Various types of intervention were discussed. Further research is necessary to understand the cultural context of the challenges and experiences regarding sexuality faced by people with intellectual disabilities and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interviews with fifteen teachers and educators delivering sex and relationships education to people with intellectual disabilities were conducted. The aim of the study was to investigate their experiences and views. Thematic analysis was used to look for patterns and themes in the verbatim transcripts. Three main themes were identified: challenges when delivering sex education, how to overcome these difficulties, and important topics for sex and relationships education. Implications for delivering sex and relationships education for people with intellectual disabilities and support needed for teachers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the sexual rights of people living with mental disabilities as addressed in the study by C. Benoit and colleagues featured in the issue. It notes on the findings of a research which showed that sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities is limited by the attitudes and practices of paid support staff and teachers. The article also questions the inclusivity of sexual assistance services for people with disabilities.

Youth with intellectual disabilities face barriers to receiving sex education including the lack of educational tools accessible for multiple cognitive and emotional learning styles. We conducted exploratory research to gather input from a diverse group of youth with disabilities and their guardians about needed learning modalities and sexual health content areas. Three focus groups were conducted with youth ages 17–28 years (n = 14) and three with parents (n = 16). An applied thematic analysis of the transcripts resulted in three structural codes related to topics of greatest interest for youth sexuality education, teaching tools and methods, and needs for ancillary parent education and support to help youth access information and health care. We identified a total of ten themes associated with the three structural codes. Next steps will be to create educational resource prototypes that are responsive to focus group input for testing in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to validate adapted versions of the Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with Intellectual Disabilities (GAS-ID) simultaneously developed in English and French. A sample of 361 youth with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID) (M = 15.78 years) from Australia (English-speaking) and Canada (French-speaking) participated in this study. The results supported the factor validity and reliability, measurement invariance (between English and French versions), a lack of differential items functioning (as a function of youth's age and ID level, but not sex in the English-Australian sample), temporal stability (over one year interval), and convergent validity (with global self-esteem and school loneliness) of a bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling representation of the GAS-ID. The present study supports the psychometric properties of the English-Australian and French-Canadian versions of the adapted GAS-ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of sex education programs for people with intellectual disabilities, exploring the effects of possible moderating variables. 31 independent studies were identified, from 8 research reports published between 1988 and 2017. The results revealed mean effect sizes in favor of the experimental group, being of large magnitude for the components inappropriate behaviors (d = − 1.26) and Decision making (d = − 1.03), and of moderate magnitude for the global effect (d = − .64). The analyses revealed that single-sex groups, publications between 2000 and 2009 and a high degree of training and experience to deliver the programs were moderating variables that had a great effect on the effectiveness of the programs for the global effect component. Similar results were obtained for the decision making dimension while no significant moderating variables were found for the inappropriate behaviors dimension. Understanding how effective sex educational programs work is essential to this social group. Practical implications are discussed from the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper reflects on the existing literature on cognitive behaviour therapy for adults, adolescents and children with intellectual disabilities. People with intellectual disabilities have high rates of comorbid mental health disorders, but low rates of accessing treatments with limited treatment options available to them. Historically, they have been excluded from cognitive-based therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy. However, recent research has shown that people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities do have the capacity to engage in cognitive-based interventions. The review highlights the progress that has been made in the field of adapting CBT for people with intellectual disabilities, as well as the current gaps in the literature and suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is one of the most detrimental behaviors for the person showing it, as well as for their environment. Nevertheless, structured clinical assessments of SIB are scarce. Staff completed a Self-Harm Scale (SHS) every time they witnessed SIB in clients with an intellectual disability (ID) and co-occurring psychopathology (N = 33). Descriptive statistics were conducted to explore the nature of the incidents of SIB and the characteristics of the people involved in the incidents. In 41 weeks, 104 SIB incidents were reported for 8 out of 33 clients (24%). Incidents were most prevalent on Mondays (23%). As far as the methods of SIB concerned, cutting was the most used method (63%). Clients who showed SIB differed significantly from clients who did not on gender, having a personality disorder and communicative abilities. This study was one of the few that used an incident-based record form to report SIB by direct observation. It is hoped that the SHS helps to gain more information about SIB, to improve individualized interventions. Further research is necessary to determine the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, observers have noticed that people with intellectual disability (ID) experience increasing complexity in their older age. Many initiatives launched by healthcare organisations and government bodies are rigorously working to improve ID people's quality of life (QoL) and health status. The concept of QoL is rooted in a multidimensional framework comprising both universal (etic) and culture-bound (emic) components. It has objective and subjective features and is affected by individual and environmental factors. The professionals in QoL proposed eight dimensions to cover every aspect of ID people, including emotional well-being, interpersonal relationships, material well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, social inclusion, and rights. In the last decades in Catalonia, the professionals suggested the GENCAT scale predict these eight dimensions' values through a set of questionnaires containing 69 questions. The professionals use the beneficiary's response the heir to 69 questions based on four point frequency scale. The GENCAT scale tool converted these 69 questions' answers into eight values corresponding to the eight QoL dimensions. The GENCAT tool uses a set of rules and some correlatable tables to evaluate the eight dimensions of each beneficiary. In this work, we propose using machine and deep learning-based models instead of the GENCAT tool to estimate the eight dimensions values. Based on the private Newton One dataset, we train various machine learning (ML), such as Random Forest and Decision Trees, along with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) models to predict the eight dimension values. The trained models predict the eight values by feeding with the 69 questions responses of the beneficiaries. We evaluate the performance of the various models using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R 2 scores. The proposed model based on DNNs achieved the best results among all tested models with MAE of 1.5991, RMSE of 3.0561, and R 2 of 0.9565. The study shows the promise of the machine and deep learning-based models, particularly DNNs, as a more effective and precise substitute for the GENCAT scale for calculating the eight dimensions of QoL in people with ID. The results open the door for better QoL evaluations and individualised interventions to improve this population's well-being as they age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite recent progressive changes in policy, practices, and discourse, when it comes to intimacy and sexuality, the rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities remain unrealized. Drawing on interviews with Israeli social workers employed in residential settings, the study seeks to better understand mechanisms and factors behind this reality. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen Israeli licensed social workers employed in small and large group homes. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: Using a temporal perspective, the identified themes are organized according to common, potential relationship stages: (a) forming a relationship; (b) practicalities of relationships: private and shared time; (c) dealing with relationship conflicts; (d) cohabitation; and (e) breakup. We trace the barriers experienced in each stage as well as the way social workers perceive both these barriers and their own role in overcoming them. Conclusions: We suggest four root causes that underlie the intimacy-challenged life of people with intellectual disabilities in residential settings: (a) the institutional nature of residential services; (b) organizational culture and practices; (c) limited resources; and (d) the human factor. Policy Implications: The current study suggests that to support individuals with intellectual disabilities in realizing their intimate citizenship, multilayered policy efforts are needed, requiring changes in the four root causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical tests for the assessment of postural balance in people with intellectual disability have been the most commonly used single or multi-item tests, but some tests have been developed, such as the BESTest. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the test–retest reliability and limits of agreement of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) in young people with intellectual disabilities. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 65 young people (ages 16–25 years) with intellectual disability. The participants completed the BESTest (27 items) twice. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated to determine the test–retest reliability of the BESTest. The BESTest overall scores' test–retest reliability was rated as excellent (≥ 0.75). Stability limits/verticality and reactive are fair to good (≥ 0.40– < 0.75). Biomechanical constraints, transitions and anticipatory movements, sensory orientation, and gait stability were excellent (≥ 0.75). Current evidence shows that young people with intellectual disabilities have impaired postural balance. However, there appears to be a lack of assessment tools that reliably evaluate the postural balance of this population. The results from this investigation show that BESTest provides "excellent reliability" (≥ 0.75) to assess postural balance in young people with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than four decades after the onset of deinstitutionalization in the Nordic countries, people with intellectual disabilities in Iceland are still being prevented from engaging in intimate and sexual relationships. There are changing attitudes towards sexuality based on people's rights to live free sexual rights. However, because people with intellectual disabilities often require daily support, they commonly lack opportunities for privacy and safe sexual expression and relationships. In this article, we present findings from qualitative research about the sexuality of Icelandic people with intellectual disabilities who require intensive support and communicate with non-spoken language. The aim is to demonstrate how the sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities who require intensive support is shaped by socio-cultural sexual scripts and the support they receive in every-day lives. Participant observations were carried out in the homes and daily lives of 25 individuals, demonstrating their reduced opportunity to make decisions. This can affect how they communicate their identity or the image of masculinity or femininity. As a group, they have limited access to education, work, and leisure and thus few resources to draw upon when forming their own sexual scripts. Therefore, they commonly rely on other people's sexual scripts, for example those of staff and family. We discuss the pathologization of sexual behaviors and how the sexual expressions of women with intellectual disabilities have remained hidden. The findings also describe the inabilities of social and legal systems in dealing with sexual abuse among people with intellectual disabilities who require intensive support. We suggest that people with intellectual disabilities who require intensive support are seldom consulted about issues relating their personal lives, such as menstruation suppression or who assists them with personal care. We conclude by arguing that it is of vital importance to respect people's self-determination and language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dating agencies are a small, but growing sector of social care provision for people with intellectual disabilities. The research reported here is the first to explore, with 10 specialist agencies in the UK, why they were set up, how they operate, the barriers and problems they encounter and their success or otherwise in facilitating relationships for people with intellectual disabilities. A strong case is made for the proliferation of such services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dominant idea in debates on social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is that social inclusion requires recognition of their 'sameness'. As a result, most care providers try to enable people with intellectual disabilities to live and participate in 'normal' society, 'in the community'. In this paper, we draw on (Pols, Medicine Health Care and Philosophy 18:81–90, 2015) empirical ethics of care approach to give an in-depth picture of places that have a radically different take on what social inclusion for people with intellectual disabilities looks like: places known as 'sheltered living institutions'. We argue these places can be seen as 'communities of difference' catered to the specific needs and capacities of the residents. We then contend that these communities raise questions about what a good life for people with intellectual disabilities looks like and where and how it ought to be realised; questions not posed very often, as they get muzzled by the dominant rhetoric of normalisation and the emphasis on sameness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The figure of the sexual assistant is increasingly demanded as a right in the disabilities field. This figure requires debate, adaptation to the characteristics of countries and cultures, as well as to the characteristics of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This study presents the work carried out with representatives of Spanish organizations of people with intellectual disabilities to develop a proposal for the figure of support staff for sexual behavior. Together with a rights perspective, this proposal is aligned with the Supports paradigm to better meet the health and behavior needs of users. The figure is framed within the auto-erotic and therapeutic model of sexual assistance. This figure excludes characteristics of the erotic model that involves interaction or sexual exchange between the sexual assistant and the individual with a disability. Several advantages and disadvantages need to be carefully considered before implementing this support in a delivery service model. We argue that the proposed figure requires specific accreditation, training, and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for training life skills in people with intellectual disabilities. However, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the implementation, suitability, and effectiveness of VR training in this population. The present study investigated the effectiveness of VR training for people with intellectual disabilities by assessing (1) their ability to complete basic tasks in VR, (2) real-world transfer and skill generalisation, and (3) the individual characteristics of participants able to benefit from VR training. Thirty-two participants with an intellectual disability of varying severity completed a waste management training intervention in VR that involved sorting 18 items into three bins. Real-world performance was measured at pre-test, post-test, and delayed time points. The number of VR training sessions varied as training ceased when participants met the learning target (≈ 90% correct). A survival analysis assessed training success probability as a function of the number of training sessions with participants split by their level of adaptive functioning (as measured on the Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System Third Edition). The learning target was met by 19 participants (59.4%) within ten sessions (Mdn = 8.5, IQR 4–10). Real-world performance significantly improved from pre- to post-test and pre- to delayed test. There was no significant difference from post- to delayed test. Further, there was a significant positive relationship between adaptive functioning and change in the real-world assessment from the pre-test to the post- and delayed tests. VR facilitated the learning of most participants, which led to demonstrations of real-world transfer and skill generalisation. The present study identified a relationship between adaptive functioning and success in VR training. The survival curve may assist in planning future studies and training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representations of dyslexia have a history of educational and literary scholarship primarily concerned with how dynamic characters with learning disabilities are and if they are positively portrayed. This article uses narrative theory to analyze how diagnosis operates on a structural level to create what I call the dyslexic diagnosis paradigm. Examining school stories featuring characters with dyslexia published between 2007 and 2020, I demonstrate how this paradigm functions through a structural closure of struggle, diagnosis and accommodations, and a psychological closure consisting of shame, declaration, and acceptance within these novels. Variations or polytypes of this narrative are also common within this corpus which maintain the psychological closure of shame, declaration, and acceptance present within the prototypical narrative. While some disability counternarratives or dyslexic persistence narratives nuance the school story, the dyslexic diagnosis paradigm ultimately remains prevalent and upholds the medical model of disability within the educational system, promoting the flawed status quo of disability rather than asking readers to question the validity of the systems which enforce them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with Intellectual Disability (ID) were more likely to contract COVID-19 infection and more likely to die from the consequences. However, there is no evidence on the long-term impact of COVID-19 infection in people with ID. Post-Covid Syndrome (PCS) is an established diagnosis that requires specialist clinical support. To date there is no data on how common PCS is in people with ID, or how symptoms present. Dysphagia is identified as a clinical marker because of the known association with PCS, and the clear objective diagnostic criteria applicable through specialist assessment. This investigation presents a cohort of people with ID, who developed dysphagia/worsening of dysphagia post diagnosis with COVID-19. Cases were identified through support from the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Data was collected by electronic survey, including application of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale-modified (C19-YRSm). The C19-YRSm is a validated assessment tool for PCS and it's impact upon functional disability. This case series identifies that symptoms consistent with PCS are present in people with ID, post-COVID-19 infection. The risk of diagnostic overshadowing or misdiagnosis is high due to the subjective nature and the quality of PCS symptoms. People with ID who develop PCS may not be readily identified by clinical services and therefore not be accessing the specialist medical support required. Furthermore, changes in behaviour secondary to PCS may lead to unnecessary increased prescribing of psychotropic medication which in itself risks worsening dysphagia. Dysphagia could be an important bellwether to identify PCS in people with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Approximately one quarter of people with an intellectual disability (PwID) have epilepsy of whom nearly three-quarters are pharmaco-resistant. There are higher reported neuropsychiatric side-effects to anti-seizure medication (ASM) in this group. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a first-line ASM with a stronger association with neuropsychiatric symptoms for PwID than other ASMs. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a newer ASM. Recent studies suggest a beneficial effect of swapping people who experience neuropsychiatric events with LEV to BRV. However, there is limited evidence of this for PwID. This evaluation analyses real world outcomes of LEV to BRV swap for PwID compared to those without ID. Methods: We performed a multicentre, retrospective review of clinical records. Demographic, clinical characteristics and reported adverse events of patients switched from LEV to BRV (2016–2020) were recorded at 3 months pre and 6- and 12-month post-BRV initiation. Outcomes were compared between PwID and those without and summarised using cross-tabulations and logistic regression models. A Bonferroni correction was applied. Results: Of 77 participants, 46 had ID and 52% had a past psychiatric illness. 71% participants switched overnight from LEV to BRV. Seizure reduction of > 50% was seen in 40% patients. Psychiatric illness history was predictive of having neuropsychiatric side-effects with LEV but not BRV (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference for any primary outcomes between PwID versus without ID. Conclusions: Switching from LEV to BRV appears as well tolerated and efficacious in PwID as those without ID with over 90% still on BRV after 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involving and engaging people with intellectual disabilities on issues relating to their mental wellbeing is essential if relevant tools and solutions are to be developed. This research explores how inclusive and participatory co-design techniques and principles can be used to engage people with intellectual disabilities in designing innovations in mental wellbeing tangible technologies. In particular, individuals with intellectual disabilities participated in a co-design process via a series of workshops and focus groups to design tangible interfaces for mental wellbeing as their wellbeing challenges are often diagnostically overshadowed. The workshops helped participants explore new technologies, including sensors and feedback mechanisms that can help monitor and potentially improve mental wellbeing. The adopted co-design approach resulted in a range of effective and suitable interfaces being developed for varying ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the trends in the field of analyzing positive aspects of sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). In relation to these findings, the possibilities of applying the model of positive sexuality were presented. A literature search covering studies published between 1980 and 2020 was conducted. 19 studies were included. Researchers focus on partnerships, mainly heterosexual ones, associated experiences, plans and ideas. The results show that people with ID are able to report on experiences accompanying relationships and their depiction is relatively rich. People who do not have such experiences expect them in the future, treating them as a very important aspect of life. Referring to the model of positive sexuality, the areas of research in the population of people with intellectual disability were specified, and the theoretical justification of the model, general methodological aspects and practical usefulness were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) was originally developed to evaluate interventions, and is a well-established assessment tool for challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities and autistic people. However, whether the ABC displays longitudinal measurement invariance (i.e., whether it captures the same constructs over time) has been sparsely explored. The aim of the current study is to explore the factor structure, longitudinal measurement invariance, and clinical correlates of the ABC in autistic individuals with intellectual disabilities. Using data from a multicentre study of mental health assessment and treatment in autistic people with intellectual disabilities, the intake ABC scores of 200 autistic individuals with intellectual disabilities were used to explore the ABC factor structure, internal consistency, and clinical correlates (age, gender, level of intellectual disability, autism characteristics, communication skills). Scores across three time points (intake, post-intervention, follow-up) were used to explore longitudinal measurement invariance and internal consistency over time. The original five-factor structure showed a non-optimal but acceptable fit, which was similar or slightly improved compared to previous studies. Associations for some ABC subscales were found to be positive for autism characteristics and negative for communication skills. Four of the five subscales (irritability, social withdrawal, stereotypic behaviour, inappropriate speech) showed residual levels of longitudinal measurement invariance, while one subscale showed noninvariance (hyperactivity/noncompliance). The current study demonstrates the construct validity and applicability of the ABC in autistic individuals with intellectual disabilities, while also indicating that caution is advised for one of its subscales in comparisons across time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with intellectual disabilities (PID) experience the same range of sexual thoughts, feelings, desires, and activities as anyone else. However, the public's view, especially about stereotypes, is noticeable to have an impact on sexuality and people with disabilities, thereby influencing the population which includes the families of PID, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. This review aims to analyze the opinions of public, family of PID or care staff on the sexuality of PID and the methodology applied. Eleven quantitative peer-reviewed papers were identified. Participants' attitude could be evaluated as a binary classification of either "Restrictive" or "Acceptance" in four aspects. Demographic background and the conditions of the PID were found to have an influence on people's attitudes. People acknowledge that PID are not asexual but generally the public holds a more accepting attitude towards the sexuality of PID when compare with family of PID or care staff. Further research on this attitude gap is particularly essential, as this will contribute valuable information and provide insight to policymakers on handling the social, legal and ethical concerns about the sexuality of PID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexuality is an important aspect of comprehensive care for patients with disabilities. However, for many healthcare professionals in clinical practice, sexuality is not usually an issue discussed with patients. The aim of this study was to explore and describe physiotherapists' perceptions of sexuality in people with disabilities. Methods: This study follows a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Two focus groups were carried out, and twelve interviews were conducted with 24 physiotherapists involved in the care of persons with physical and intellectual disabilities. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the help of qualitative software. Results: Two main themes and five subthemes emerged from the data: (1) Silenced and denied sexuality in the lives of people with disabilities, with the subthemes "sexuality in people with intellectual disabilities: a human right not exempt from risks" and "the sexual challenges of living with a physical disability"; (2) the management of the physiotherapist is key for healthy sexuality, with the subthemes "physiotherapist-patient trust: an essential element in dealing with sexuality," "physiotherapists' barriers to addressing sexuality," and "the role of physiotherapy in sexual health of people with disabilities." Conclusions and Policy Implications: Physiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, the sexual education of people with disabilities, and their relationship to their environment. Physiotherapists' lack of training and their excessive workload make it difficult for them to give advice on sexuality. Providing sex education to disabled people and their caregivers is essential to avoid risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While positive contributions of religion and spirituality (R/S) to quality of life (QOL) are confirmed by a growing body of evidence, only limited research has involved people with intellectual disabilities and so far, no studies included prelingually deaf individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study explores the role of R/S in people with intellectual disabilities and deafness living in three therapeutic living communities specifically adapted to their needs. Methods: Forty-one individuals (mean age: 46.93 years, 43.9% female) with prelingual deafness and mild to moderate intellectual disability participated in structured sign language interviews adapted to their cognitive–developmental level, regarding their QOL, individual spirituality and participation in spiritual practices in the community. Participants' QOL was assessed with an established short measure for QOL (EUROHIS–QOL) adapted to easy-to-understand sign language. With 21 participants, qualitative interviews were conducted. In addition, proxy ratings from caregivers were obtained. Results: The participants' ratings of their individual spirituality (r = 0.334; p = 0.03) and spiritual practices-in-community (r = 0.514; p = 0.00) correlated positively with their self-reported QOL. Qualitative findings illustrate the importance of R/S and give insights into R/S concepts and practices. Conclusions: Personal spirituality and participating in spiritual practices are positively related to self-reported quality of life in deaf individuals with intellectual disability (ID). As a consequence, access to spiritual and religious services should be included in comprehensive programs and society at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, with the increase in demand, multiple intervention proposals aimed at improving the sexual health of people with intellectual disabilities have emerged. Among them is the SALUDIVERSEX program, which takes a positive approach to sexuality. It has an extended version, consisting of 16 sessions and whose efficacy has already been proven, and a reduced version of 10 sessions. Thus, the present study aimed to test the differential efficacy of the two versions. A total of 208 participants (103 women and 105 men) aged between 19 and 67 years (M = 37.23, SD = 10.66) completed a battery of instruments before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses showed that users who participated in the reduced version of the program presented a significantly higher rate of improvement in their sexual behaviors compared to those who participated in the extended version (Sexual response: β10 = − 0.46 ± 0.19, p =.034; Sex practices: β10 = − 0.52 ± 0.23, p =.037; Use condoms: β10 = − 1.56 ± 0.59, p =.017), as well as a significantly higher decrease in the risk of suffering sexual abuse (β10 = 3.95 ± 0.64, p <.001). However, no statistically significant differences in sexuality knowledge were obtained with respect to the improvement between the two versions (β10 = − 0.09 ± 1.21, p =.94). Meanwhile, the professionals who applied the program found that those who participated in the reduced version, although they presented a significantly greater increase in their knowledge about privacy (β10 = − 0.48 ± 0.08, p <.001), did not improve their concerns about their inappropriate sexual behaviors as much as the users of the extended version (β10 = − 1.35 ± 0.21, p <.001). Thus, although both versions were effective, the reduced version seems to do so to a greater extent and in a shorter time, which makes it the more recommendable option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The level of participation of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in various forms of work, including daytime activities, appears to be suboptimal. Informal networks of people with ID constitute crucial forms of support, as they can significantly influence occupational choices and opportunities. This review aims to synthesize existing research for the purpose of examining how informal network members perceive the meaning of employment or daytime activities for their relatives with ID. Methods: Following the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search of scientific literature published between 1990 and July 2022 was conducted. The qualitative results from twenty-seven studies (qualitative and mixed-method) were analyzed using thematic synthesis. Results: Four overarching themes and several subthemes were identified: (I) Ensuring customized work for my relative; (II) The ongoing need to collaborate and share care responsibilities with professionals; (III) The meaning of work for both my relative and myself; and (IV) Achieving full work participation for my relative is neither straightforward nor self-evident. Conclusions: Informal networks place great value upon customized and sustainable work opportunities for their relatives with ID, particularly community-based work. While network members play an important role in creating these opportunities, they encounter obstacles resulting from both collaboration difficulties with professionals and employers and public and structural forms of stigma. Researchers, professionals, policy makers, and employers are encouraged to collaborate with individuals with ID as well as their networks to increase the meaningful work opportunities available to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with intellectual disability face a variety of epistemic injustices—systems of knowledge and educational inequality—related to their access to sex education and perceptions of their sexuality. Sex educators are in a position to address these injustices; however, they may not be fully aware of their own epistemic ethics. Furthermore, there is little theoretical understanding of how sex educators provide instruction within an environment that exhibits hostility toward the sexual expression of those with intellectual disability. This grounded theory study of interviews with 58 people who taught sex education to people with intellectual disability sought to understand the role of educators in perpetuating and resisting epistemic injustice by utilizing sex education to either facilitate or restrict the sexual expression of people with disabilities. We identified four micro-contexts: centralizing capacity to consent, emphasizing risk, desexualizing (through) sex education, and acknowledging gender identity. In each micro-context, we explore mechanisms of how educators were either allied in support of autonomy (person-centered values, expertise, access to curricular resources, self-advocates as teachers and partners, subversiveness, and de-problematizing normative sexual behavior) or reified sexual stigmas (fear of sexual abuse and sexual perpetration, conscripting to asexuality, the paternalistic service system, and complex ethical dilemmas) in the context of hostility to sex education and sexual expression. These findings have implications for promoting prosocial sexual expression and access to sex education for people with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic people with intellectual disabilities appear to be at increased risk of schizophrenia. While current recommendations emphasize adapting interventions used for people with schizophrenia in general, few studies to date have investigated treatment of co-occurring schizophrenia in this specific population. To explore what interventions are provided to autistic people with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring schizophrenia in specialized mental health services, and to investigate whether changes in mental health symptoms and challenging behavior occurred during treatment. Using data from a longitudinal, national multicenter study, interventions provided to 26 autistic individuals with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring schizophrenia were explored. Symptoms were measured using the Psychopathology in Autism Checklist (PAC) and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist ABC) at referral (T1), at the end of treatment (T2), and at follow-up 12 months after T2 (T3). A broad range of interventions were provided to the participants, including inpatient admission, psychopharmacological treatment, various psychosocial interventions, and supportive interventions. Scores on the PAC and ABC were significantly lower at T2 than T1 for most scales, and no significant change was found from T2 to T3.Treatment of co-occurring schizophrenia appears feasible and effective in autistic people with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The level of support needed for adaptive functioning and behavioral problems of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) can be a source of stress for caregivers. The aim of this study was to explore the moderating role of caregivers' age on the associations between these stressors and quality of life (QoL) of the family caregivers. As these sources of stress in people with ID can coexist, the triple interaction between stressors and age was also examined.Methods: 208 relatives (mean age = 50.98 years, SD = 12.86) of people with ID participated in the research. Participants answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables, measures of stressors (level of support for adaptive functioning of the people with ID and behavioral problems) and measures of QoL (WHOQOL-BREF).Results: The association between the level of support needed for adaptive functioning and lower QoL was only significant among older relatives, whereas the association between behavioral problems and lower QoL was only significant among younger relatives. A three-way interaction between behavioral problems, level of support needed, and age indicated that the association between the level of support for adaptive functioning and QoL in older relatives was greater when there were higher levels of behavioral problems.Conclusions: The role of caregivers' age in their QoL differs depending on the nature of the stressor, and an accumulation of stressors can have a particularly negative impact on older caregivers. Interventions should be adapted for caregivers of different ages and take into account the particular sources of stress they have to cope with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with intellectual disabilities (PID) share the same needs for affectionate and intimate relationships as other people. In this study, a review of the literature was performed to (a) examine the opinions reported in the peer-reviewed literature regarding the sexual experiences of PID and (b) identify factors that contribute to the promotion or restriction of sexual expression by PID. Sixteen qualitative articles were identified from electronic databases and reviewed. People with PID were found to exhibit the same spectrum of sexual life as the general population, and three major themes were identified: abstinence, regulation, and autonomy. Some PID preferred to abstain from sex, whereas others considered engagement in sexual activity to have a hand that affects and influences the rights of PID to engage in sexual activity. Further empirical research on the empowerment of sexual expression of PID and the formation of the unintended invisible hand is needed, as this will provide information to families and welfare systems and thus enhance the self-determination and rights of PID to pursue sexual expression and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) of patients with mental illness has been examined internationally but to a lesser extent in developing countries, including countries in Africa. Improving QoL is vital to reducing disability among people with mental illness. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of QoL and associated factors among people living with mental illness in Africa. Methods: Using the PICOT approach, Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. A structured search was undertaken, comprising terms associated with mental health, mental illness, QoL, and a list of all African countries. The Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Checklist is used to evaluate research quality. Subgroup analysis with Country, domains of QoL, and diagnosis was tested using a random-effect model, and bias was assessed using a funnel plot and an inspection of Egger's regression test. A p value, OR, and 95% CI were used to demonstrate an association. Results: The pooled prevalence of poor QoL was 45.93% (36.04%, 55.83%), I2 = 98.6%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that Ethiopia (48.09%; 95% CI = 33.73, 62.44), Egypt (43.51%; 95% CI = 21.84, 65.18), and Nigeria (43.49%; 95% CI = 12.25, 74.74) had the highest mean poor QoL prevalence of the countries. The pooled prevalence of poor QoL by diagnosis was as follows: bipolar disorder (69.63%; 95% CI = 47.48, 91.77), Schizophrenia (48.53%; 95% CI = 29.97, 67.11), group of mental illnesses (40.32%; 95% CI = 23.98, 56.66), and depressive disorders (38.90%; 95% CI = 22.98, 54.81). Being illiterate (3.63; 95% CI = 2.35, 4.91), having a comorbid medical illness (4.7; 95% CI = 2.75, 6.66), having a low monthly income (3.62; 95% CI = 1.96, 5.27), having positive symptoms (0.32; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.55), and having negative symptoms (0.26; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.43) were predictors of QoL. Thus, some factors are significantly associated with pooled effect estimates of QoL. Conclusions: The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that almost half of patients with mental illness had poor QoL. Being illiterate, having a comorbid medical condition, having a low monthly income, having positive symptoms, and having negative symptoms of mental illness were independent predictors of poor QoL. This systematic review and meta-analysis emphasize that poor QoL of people with mental illness in Africa needs attention to reduce its negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the ethical issues relating to privacy that arise in smart homes designed for people with dementia and for people with intellectual disabilities. We outline five different conceptual perspectives on privacy and detail the ways in which smart home technologies may violate residents' privacy. We specify these privacy threats in a number of areas and under a variety of conceptions of privacy. Furthermore, we illustrate that informed consent may not provide a solution to this problem. We offer a number of recommendations that designers of smart homes for people with dementia and people with intellectual disabilities might follow to ensure the privacy of potential residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extended the research on technology-aided programs for promoting the independent performance (practice) of functional motor responses (e.g., arm or leg-foot movements) in people with intellectual disabilities and extensive motor impairments. Specifically, the study assessed (a) the suitability of simple commercial technology (i.e., a smartphone) to monitor the responses targeted and provide stimulation contingent on them, and (b) the impact of response performance on the participants' level of physical exertion (heart rates) and mood. The results showed that the simple commercial technology was effective in helping the participants independently practice the two target responses selected for them. All participants had a significant increase in their heart rates during the intervention sessions, thus suggesting that the performance of the target responses represented a mild form of physical activity. Moreover, all participants displayed mood improvement (i.e., an increase in indices of happiness) during the intervention sessions. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of (a) new technology solutions for intervention programs with people with intellectual disabilities and extensive motor impairments, and (b) potential benefits of those programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a synergistic relationship between epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID), and the approach to managing people with these conditions needs to be holistic. Epilepsy is the main co-morbidity associated with ID, and clinical presentation tends to be complex, associated with higher rates of treatment resistance, multi-morbidity and premature mortality. Despite this relationship, there is limited level 1 evidence to inform treatment choice for this vulnerable population. This review updates the current evidence base for anti-seizure medication (ASM) prescribing for people with ID. Recommendations are made on the basis of evidence and expert clinical opinion and summarised into a Traffic Light System for accessibility. This review builds on work developed through UK’s Royal College of Psychiatrists, Faculty of Intellectual Disability Psychiatry and includes newer pragmatic data from the Cornwall UK Ep-ID Research Register, a national research register for England and Wales that has been in existence for the last 10 years. The Register acts as a source for an in-depth exploration of the evidence base for prescribing ‘newer’ (third generation, specifically post-2004) ASMs. Its findings are discussed and compared. A practical approach to prescribing and choosing ASMs is recommended on the based evidence. This approach considers the drug profile, including adverse effects and clinical characteristics. The review also details newer specialist ASMs restricted to certain epilepsy syndromes, and potential future ASMs that may be available soon. For completeness, we also explore non-pharmacological interventions, including surgeries, to support epilepsy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on the employment and functioning of people with intellectual disabilities (ID), as well as barriers and facilitators of employment. Methods This was a systematic review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies. The outcomes were employment, transition to the open labor market and functioning. The review included qualitative studies of employment barriers and facilitators. The population comprised people with ID aged 16–68 years. Peer-reviewed articles published in English between January 1990 and February 2019 were obtained from the databases Cinahl, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Eric, Medic, Medline, OTseeker, Pedro, PsycInfo, PubMed, Socindex, and the Web of Science. We also searched Google Scholar and Base. The modified selection instrument (PIOS: participants, intervention, outcome, and study design) used in the selection of the articles depended on the selection criteria. Results Ten quantitative (one randomized controlled, one concurrently controlled, and eight cohort studies), six qualitative studies, one multimethod study, and 21 case studies met the inclusion criteria. The quantitative studies showed that secondary education increases employment among people with ID when it includes work experience and personal support services. Supported employment also increased employment in the open labor market, which sheltered work did not. The barriers to employment were the use of sheltered work, discrimination in vocational experience, the use of class teaching, and deficient work experience while still at school. The facilitators of employment were one's own activity, the support of one's family, job coaching, a well-designed work environment, appreciation of one's work, support form one's employer and work organization, knowledge and experience of employment during secondary education, and for entrepreneurs, the use of a support person. Conclusions The employment of people with ID can be improved through secondary education including proper teaching methods and personal support services, the use of supported work, workplace accommodations and support from one's family and employer. These results can be utilized in the development of rehabilitation, education, and the employment of people with ID, to allow them the opportunity to work in the open labor market and participate in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this review were to systematically identify, critically appraise and synthesize the results of existing qualitative literature exploring the views and experiences of intimate relationships amongst people with intellectual disabilities. Fourteen peer-reviewed articles were identified through a systematic search of eight databases, reference lists, citations, and relevant journals. The identified articles were appraised for quality, then synthesized using a metaethnography approach. No study met all quality criteria and references to ethical approval were often lacking. Interpretation of the findings suggested three key themes: the meaning of intimate relationships, external constraints and facilitators, and managing external constraints. Though many people with intellectual disabilities desire and benefit from intimate relationships, they experience restrictions that others do not, which can lead to isolation and loneliness. Intimate relationships are not always necessarily linked with sexual behavior; therefore, intimate relationships warrant their own focus in future research, as well as in education and training for people with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers. Within this, a commitment to transparency over research processes is needed, in particular with reference to how ethical approval was obtained, since this has been a shortcoming of research with this focus to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with epilepsy (PWE) and people with intellectual disabilities (ID) both live shorter lives than the general population and both conditions increase the risk of death further. We aimed to measure associations between certain risk factors for death in PWE and ID. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted in ten regions in England and Wales. Data were collected on PWE registered with secondary care ID and neurology services between 2017 and 2021. Prevalence rates of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and medical diagnoses, seizure frequency, psychotropic and antiseizure medications (ASM) prescribed, and health activity (epilepsy reviews/risk assessments/care plans/compliance etc.) recorded were compared between the two groups. Results: 190 PWE and ID who died were compared with 910 living controls. People who died were less likely to have had an epilepsy risk assessment but had a greater prevalence of genetic conditions, older age, poor physical health, generalized tonic–clonic seizures, polypharmacy (not ASMs) and antipsychotic use. The multivariable logistic regression for risk of epilepsy-related death identified that age over 50, medical condition prevalence, antipsychotic medication use and the lack of an epilepsy review in the last 12 months as associated with increased risk of death. Reviews by psychiatrists in ID services was associated with a 72% reduction in the odds of death compared neurology services. Conclusions: Polypharmacy and use of antipsychotics may be associated with death but not ASMs. Greater and closer monitoring by creating capable health communities may reduce the risk of death. ID services maybe more likely to provide this holistic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used video modeling via portable technology to improve daily living skills for a student with an intellectual disability in a university campus-based transition program. Results showed increased independence across four daily living skills. Implications for future practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]