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Medical science has often used adult males as the standard to establish pathological conditions, their transitions, diagnostic methods, and treatment methods. However, it has recently become clear that sex differences exist in how risk factors contribute to the same disease, and these differences also exist in the efficacy of the same drug. Furthermore, the elderly and children have lower metabolic functions than adult males, and the results of clinical trials on adult males cannot be directly applied to these patients. Spontaneous reporting systems have become an important source of information for safety assessment, thereby reflecting drugs' actual use in specific populations and clinical settings. However, spontaneous reporting systems only register drug-related adverse events (AEs); thus, they cannot accurately capture the total number of patients using these drugs. Therefore, although various algorithms have been developed to exploit disproportionality and search for AE signals, there is no systematic literature on how to detect AE signals specific to the elderly and children or sex-specific signals. This review describes signal detection using data mining, considering traditional methods and the latest knowledge, and their limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving novel and efficient biosensors for determining organic/inorganic compounds is a challenge in analytical chemistry for clinical diagnosis and research in biomedical sciences. Electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors are one of the commercially successful groups of biosensors that make them highly appealing because of their low cost, high selectivity, and sensitivity. Core/shell nanoparticles have emerged as versatile platforms for developing enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors due to their unique physicochemical properties and tunable surface characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent trends and advancements in the utilization of core/shell nanoparticles for the development of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, a statistical evaluation of the studies carried out in this field between 2007 and 2023 is made according to the preferred electrochemical techniques. The recent applications of core/shell nanoparticles in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors were summarized to quantify environmental pollutants, food contaminants, and clinical biomarkers. Additionally, the review highlights recent innovations and strategies to improve the performance of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors using core/shell nanoparticles. These include the integration of nanomaterials with specific functions such as hydrophilic character, chemical and thermal stability, conductivity, biocompatibility, and catalytic activity, as well as the development of new hybrid nanostructures and multifunctional nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrashort pulses, characterized by their short pulse duration, diverse spectral content, and high peak power, are widely used in fields including laser processing, optical storage, biomedical sciences, and laser imaging. The complex, highly-nonlinear process of ultrashort pulse evolution within fiber lasers is influenced by numerous aspects such as dispersion, loss, gain, and nonlinear effects. Traditionally, the split-step Fourier transforms method is employed for simulating ultrashort pulses in fiber lasers, which involves traversing multiple parameters within the fiber to attain the pulse's optimal state. The simulation is a significantly time-consuming process. Here, we use a neural network model to fit and predict the impact of multiple parameters on the pulse characteristics within fiber lasers, enabling parameter optimization through genetic algorithms to determine the optimal pulse duration, pulse energy, and peak power. Integrating artificial intelligence algorithms simplifies the acquisition of optimal pulse parameters and enhances our understanding of multiple parameters' impact on the pulse characteristics. The investigation of ultrashort pulse optimization based on artificial intelligence holds immense potential for laser design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article critically examines the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act 2021, its development process spanning 15 years, and its potential shortcomings in addressing the needs of India's 27 million infertile couples. By scrutinizing the recommendations presented in the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare's 129th report, the critique argues that the Act may not effectively cater to the diverse reproductive rights of the population. The article claims that most of its suggestions are in opposition to redefining families and accepting inclusive family structures other than heterosexual marriages. The study posits that the Act, with its inherent limitations, perpetuates the reinforcement of patriarchal family structures that medical science intends to disrupt. In order to foster inclusivity and comprehensibility, the article advocates for necessary amendments that align with the interest of the general populace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the surgical result and efficacy of different methods of mastoid obliteration with cavity care. This prospective study included 60 patients who had cholesteatoma, conducted in the Department of Ear Nose and Throat (ENT), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi from July 2015 to July 2017. The mastoid cavity was obliterated with either muscle flap/bone dust/hydroxyapatite. detailed history otoscopic examination was done pre-operatively and follow up were recorded at 1 month and 3 months in postoperative period. 60 patients were included, who underwent canal wall down mastoid surgery. each group muscle flap (group 1), bone dust (group 2) and hydroxyapatite (group 3) included 20 patients, age group 31–40 year with its maximum incidence of 43.3%, Preop PTA value were almost equal in all group but on comparison at 1 month in postoperative period significant improvement was present in group 1 versus 2(0.021) and group 2 versus 3(0.003) but not in group 1 versus 3. Although at 3 month there were significant improvement was present in all groups. The incidence of pain, discharge, giddiness and wax formation were markedly reduced and healing of cavities was early and better in obliterated cavities done by muscle flap and bone dust material as compared to hydroxyapatite cavities, at the end of 3 months. outcome and quality of life was better and almost equal in muscle flap and bone dust material group as compared to hydroxyapatite group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress measurement for thin films is crucial in a variety of fields such as in semiconductor manufacturing, the optoelectronics industry, and biomedical science, among others. However, most measurement methods require surface treatment of the thin film. Objective: A label-free measurement method for plane stress states in optical isotropic thin films based on spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis is proposed and verified in this paper. Methods: The proposed method is based on the modulation of the stress-optic effect on reflected spectroscopic ellipsometry. A theoretical model is established to describe the relation between all components of the plane-stress state and the classic ellipsometric parameters (Ψ, Δ). An algorithm is developed to determine all components of a plane-stress state by fitting the model to the experiment data. Results: In the verification experiment, we determined the plane stress state of a Cu film coated on a PI (polyimide) substrate. The results show a reasonable agreement between the experimental measurements from spectroscopic ellipsometry and the theoretical analysis based on the applied loading. Conclusion: The results prove that our method can effectively measure the plane stress state of optical isotropic thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressed Sensing (CS) encompasses a broad array of theoretical and applied techniques for recovering signals, given partial knowledge of their coefficients, cf. Candés (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 346, 589–592 (2008)), Candés et al. (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theo (2006)), Donoho (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theo. 52(4), (2006)), Donoho et al. (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theo. 52(1), (2006)). Its applications span various fields, including mathematics, physics, engineering, and several medical sciences, cf. Adcock and Hansen (Compressive Imaging: Structure, Sampling, Learning, p. 2021), Berk et al. (2019 13th International conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA) pp. 1-5. IEEE (2019)), Brady et al. (Opt. Express 17(15), 13040–13049 (2009)), Chan (Terahertz imaging with compressive sensing. Rice University, USA (2010)), Correa et al. (2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) pp. 7789–7793 (2014, May) IEEE), Gao et al. (Nature 516(7529), 74–77 (2014)), Liu and Kang (Opt. Express 18(21), 22010–22019 (2010)), McEwen and Wiaux (Mon. Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 413(2), 1318–1332 (2011)), Marim et al. (Opt. Lett. 35(6), 871–873 (2010)), Yu and Wang (Phys. Med. Biol. 54(9), 2791 (2009)), Yu and Wang (Phys. Med. Biol. 54(9), 2791 (2009)). Motivated by our interest in the mathematics behind Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and CS, we employ convex analysis techniques to analytically determine equivalents of Lagrange multipliers for optimization problems with inequality constraints, specifically a weighted LASSO with voxel-wise weighting. We investigate this problem under assumptions on the fidelity term A x - b 2 2 , either concerning the sign of its gradient or orthogonality-like conditions of its matrix. To be more precise, we either require the sign of each coordinate of 2 (A x - b) T A to be fixed within a rectangular neighborhood of the origin, with the side lengths of the rectangle dependent on the constraints, or we assume A T A to be diagonal. The objective of this work is to explore the relationship between Lagrange multipliers and the constraints of a weighted variant of LASSO, specifically in the mentioned cases where this relationship can be computed explicitly. As they scale the regularization terms of the weighted LASSO, Lagrange multipliers serve as tuning parameters for the weighted LASSO, prompting the question of their potential effective use as tuning parameters in applications like MR image reconstruction and denoising. This work represents an initial step in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a cerebral shunt that diverts excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Obstruction in the normal outflow or decreased absorption of the fluid is the usual cause. Hydrocephalus is treated by cerebral shunts.In paediatric patients, untreated hydrocephalus can be lethal and leads to many adverse effects including increase irritabilities, chronic headaches, learning difficulties, visual disturbances, and, in more advanced cases, severe mental retardation. Malfunction of the shunt with excess CSF accumulated can increase the intracranial pressure resulting in cerebral oedema and ultimately herniation. Objective: To study and evaluate the mechanical causes of shunt failure and their surgical remedies and reduce the preventable morbidity, cost and mortality associated with shunt failure. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study including 70 patients who developed pure mechanical shunt failure for the first time from 2017 to 2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery Sher-i-kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. Patients with previous shunt surgeries which include VP shunting and shunt revision or failure and shunt infections were excluded. Identity of all the patients has been kept anonymus. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their guardians in case of minors. Shunt malfunction was in the form of catheter misplacement, kinking, displacement from the ventricle or peritoneal cavity, disconnection, migration,inadvertent suturing of the catheter, air in shunt bulb. Results: We found kinking at the proximal end in 25 (35%) patients as the most common cause of shunt failure. It was mostly as a result of inadequate and less spacious tunnelling made for the reservoir. Inadvertant suturing of shunt while closing abdomen in 7 (10%), shunt disconnection in 6 (8.5%), air in shunt bulb in 2 (2.8%), wrong placement at ventricular end in 10 (14.2%), shunt migration into the brain parenchyma in 5 (7.1%), shunt migration through the anal canal in 1(1.4%), pseudomeningocele around catheter valve in 3 (4.2%), placement of lower end into the preperitoneal space in 4 (5.7%) patients. Conclusions: Shunt surgery is seemingly a straightforward operation for neurosurgeons. But considering the incidence of shunt failure and its associated morbidity and mortality, it should always be done with trepidation and extreme caution. Exclusive mechanical shunt malfunction is a major concern and leads to great deal of morbidity in the shunt operations. However, there are trivial remedies and technical nuances which needs to be followed during surgery to avoid these complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GPT-4 large language model (LLM) and ChatGPT chatbot have emerged as accessible and capable tools for generating English-language text in a variety of formats. GPT-4 has previously performed well when applied to questions from multiple standardized examinations. However, further evaluation of trustworthiness and accuracy of GPT-4 responses across various knowledge domains is essential before its use as a reference resource. Here, we assess GPT-4 performance on nine graduate-level examinations in the biomedical sciences (seven blinded), finding that GPT-4 scores exceed the student average in seven of nine cases and exceed all student scores for four exams. GPT-4 performed very well on fill-in-the-blank, short-answer, and essay questions, and correctly answered several questions on figures sourced from published manuscripts. Conversely, GPT-4 performed poorly on questions with figures containing simulated data and those requiring a hand-drawn answer. Two GPT-4 answer-sets were flagged as plagiarism based on answer similarity and some model responses included detailed hallucinations. In addition to assessing GPT-4 performance, we discuss patterns and limitations in GPT-4 capabilities with the goal of informing design of future academic examinations in the chatbot era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interdisciplinary sciences have paved the way for the creation of new technologies that could potentially alter how things were conventionally done. Biotechnology and nanotechnology have resulted in the creation of various techniques, one of which is upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can be conjugated with biomaterials for added functionality. UCNPs work based on optical phenomena referred to as anti-Stoke shift, wherein the nanoparticle absorbs light of a high wavelength (lower energy) and emits light having a lower wavelength (higher energy). This ability to provide luminescent signals when irradiated with near-infrared (NIR) light sources is particularly useful as a consequence of its minimal toxicity and high depth of penetration. When coupled with the appropriate biomaterials, the UCNPs can conjugate with the target under study and via quenching/luminescence recovery and quantitative and qualitative tests can be performed relating to the target molecule, in vivo. These UCNP-nanomaterial structures have proven to be very useful in the in vivo image detection, diagnostic, therapeutic as well as combined approaches for disease treatment, drug delivery, disease diagnosis etc. This review aims at providing an in-depth explanation about the origins of UCNPs, how they may be synthesized, their mechanisms of upconversion (UC), their adaptability and flexibility under in vivo conditions, and the future of the field. Overall representation of Upconverting Nanoparticle (UCNP) synthesis followed by the currently researched/applied modes of utilization for the same. The drug delivery aspect involves loading the porous layer over the UCNP with the required drug while the bio-imaging and therapeutic application (via photothermal therapy and/or photodynamic therapy) involves irradiation of the nanoparticles by tissue-penetrating near-infrared radiation (NIR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, published in the Indian Journal of Microbiology, examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Haemophilus parainfluenzae (H. parainfluenzae) infection in children in Henan, China. H. parainfluenzae is a gram-negative pathogen that causes respiratory tract infections in children. The study found that the number of H. parainfluenzae infections and the positive rate decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in children aged 1 month to 5 years. This decrease may be attributed to measures taken in Henan Province, such as school closures, mask-wearing, and improved hygiene practices. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Epidural hematomas have been treated with urgent surgical evacuation to prevent catastrophic neurological sequelae and death. Brain Trauma Foundation recommends EDH volume greater than 30 cm3 and warrants surgical evacuation irrespective of GCS. However, due to increase in number of patients undergoing brain CTs following head injuries, more patients have been detected with EDH causing minimal symptoms. Aims and objectives: To study factors influencing patients being treated conservatively for head injury with supratentorial epidural hematomas. Material and methods: Our study is a retrospective analysis of supratentorial epidural hematoma treated conservatively from august 2018 to July 2020 at Sher-i-Kashmir institute of medical sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Results: A total of 19 patients with EDH were treated conservatively and fulfilled the inclusion criteria.(GCS of 13–15 with no neurological deficit, mild signs of elevated ICP, EDH thickness < 1.5 cm on CT, EDH volume on CT < 30 ml, midline shift on CT less than or equal to 5 mm with no significant intradural pathology)Age ranged from 2 months to 70 years (average 27.15 yrs)males (89.47%) predominated females (10.53%). Motor vehicular accidents were the most common mode of injury (42.1%). EDH was localised 13 times on right side, 5 times on left side and bilateral in one, supratentorially. A midline shift of 5 mm was found in 3 of 19 patients; GCS was > 13 on admission. 8 patients were hospitalised for a week, whilst 2 patients stayed in the hospital for 20 and 25 days, respectively, due to problems not related to EDH. One patient in whom conservative treatment had to be changed to surgical evacuation after 6 days of observation because of worsening headache, impaired alertness repeated imaging showed slight increase in EDH. Conclusions: EDH can be managed conservatively in carefully selected patients of minor head injury with radiological surveillance and close neurological monitoring. Patients with GCS on admission more than 13, midline shift of less than 5 mm, location and volume of EDH less than 30 ml. Thus, leading to optimal utilisation of hospital resources. So, we conclude that even a dreaded entity like extradural haemorrhage can be managed conservatively in selected cases with strict clinical and radiological surveillance. We have called them ''Benign extradural haemorrhages". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To know the microorganism causing rhinosinusitis & to study the antibiotic sensitivity pattern for the isolated nasal microbiota in this region. Background: Rhinosinusitis is inflammatory condition of nose and paranasal sinuses [1]. It is multifactorial condition, in which microorganisms play pathogenic role [2]. Interactions between microorganisms, mucosa and environmental changes influence on composition of bacterial ecosystem [2]. Though antibiotics are frequently used for medical management of rhinosinusitis, sensitivity directed antibiotics are rarely prescribed. So, this study is directed to know microbial isolate in rhinosinusitis and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methodology: in this 6 months prospective study during March to September 2022, done at Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur; patients attending Otorhinolaryngology outpatient department and diagnosed to have rhinosinusitis were selected. Nasal swabs were collected from the middle meatus by diagnostic nasal endoscopy and were sent for culture and sensitivity. Statistical tests were applied for results(Size = 100). Results: Out of 100 patients, 52 were males, 48 were females; 88 were adults & 12 were paediatric patients. 59 patients had acute, 32 chronic and 9 had recurrent rhinosinusitis. Most common organisms isolated in acute rhinosinusitis was Klebsiella 28%, Staphylococcus aureus 56% & 66% in chronic & recurrent rhinosinusitis respectively. Klebsiella was sensitive to beta lactams & quinolones, while Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to beta lactams & cephalosporins. Conclusion: Increase in antibiotic use has led to antibiotic resistance. Hence judicious, sensitivity directed antibiotic usage reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance and unnecessary use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subglottic stenosis is narrowing of the area in between the vocal cords and the cricoid cartilage. It can cause respiratory problems which can be mild to severe. Study the management of paediatric airway in post-intubation subglottic stenosis associated with Japanese encephalitis. Case Setting and Design: Retrospective study of 18 patients presenting with encephalitis out of which 6 cases were of post-intubation subglottic stenosis associated with Japanese encephalitis between the study period of one year (September 2017–September 2018) in the, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute Of Health And Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Fifteen patients were treated in the study period. Different approaches were used. Post-intubation subglottic stenosis depends on the duration of intubation and the quality of life post-tracheostomy depends on the type of tube used. Bronchoscopic assisted procedures during the tracheostomy or after an interval helps to decrease the morbidity. Management of paediatric airway in post-intubation subglottic stenosis associated with Japanese encephalitis needs proper strategy and dedicated and intensive post-operative care. Bivona® silicone tracheostomy tube is a better option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is a most suitable 2D material for Terahertz surface plasmons generation (THz-SPs). An efficient mechanism of THz SPs generation in graphene-coated optical fiber is proposed. The thickness of the graphene sheet and radius of an optical fiber are important parameters to influence the THz SPs resonant frequency. Two lasers exert a ponderomotive force at difference frequency on the electrons in graphene and it induces a nonlinear current which driving the THz SPs. The normalized amplitude of graphene THz SPs decreases with frequency because the nonlinear coupling gets weaker. This scheme will be useful making the compact THz GPs source, THz plasmon sensors, and would be useful for making the graphene cylindrical waveguide have applications in various disciplines of science and medical science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical data are increasing drastically due to the vast development of medical sciences. The security of this immense data is also a challenge of the present era. Image watermarking is a technique to secure medical data from alteration. Authentication of patients records is also necessary in case of medical data transmission. In this paper, an optimized electroencephalogram watermarking technique are proposed with dual authentication using Advanced encryption standards (AES) and speeded-up robust features is proposed. Scaling factor plays an important role to balance the properties of watermarking algorithm. The cuckoo search optimization is used to get the optimized scaling factor. The Henon encryption (HE) is used to enhance the security of sub-band obtained from identity of the patient image used as the watermark. The diagonalized Hessenberg decomposition (HD) is used for embedding watermark while secured hash algorithm (SHA-256) is used to protect watermark against malicious attacks. For the proposed technique, detailed security analysis has been performed for AES encryption technique. Various performance metrics are computed for the proposed technique to estimate the effectiveness of the watermarking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history and growth of the Journal of Medical Toxicology (JMT) as it celebrates its 20th year of publication. The author compares the decision to start the journal to Winnie the Pooh's decision to catch a Heffalump, with others expressing surprise that they hadn't thought of it sooner. The article also highlights the challenges faced by scientific journals, such as predatory journals and the decline in trust in science. The author emphasizes the importance of upholding the science of medical toxicology and the need for rigorous research and training in the field. [Extracted from the article]

With the advancement in modern imaging techniques like CT scan, MRI, PET scan etc., a vast amount of data is generated every day in the field of healthcare. Big data contains hidden information, which necessitates the development of intelligent systems to analyze it and extract relevant information, allowing for accurate and cost-effective decisions in the medical field. By utilizing the untapped potential of the big data available in the medical field, very precise models can be developed for the medical diagnosis of retinal diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging test that captures different, distinctive layers of the retina and optic nerve in a living eye to map and measure their thickness, that helps diagnose various retinal disorders. With the advancement of the application of deep learning-based techniques in the field of medical sciences, the use of convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches for disease detection is gaining popularity. While the manual examination of 3D OCT images for the diagnosis of retinal disorders requires extensive time and expert intervention, the use of CNNs provides an effective automated option that provides results with higher accuracy while also reducing the time involved in the overall process. In this paper, we have implemented the aforementioned idea by proposing OCT-CNN, a CNN architecture, that automatically classifies retinal OCT images and identifies potential disorders in a living eye. Several techniques have been employed to enhance the performance of the proposed approach, including digital enhancement of the images, dropout regularization, adaptive learning rates, and early stopping of training to attain optimal performance. The performance of the proposed OCT-CNN is evaluated on the UCSD dataset against several popular deep CNN architectures and existing state-of-the-art approaches to automatic retinal OCT classification. The proposed OCT-CNN attains the best performance on all evaluated metrics, pushing the classification accuracies to 99.28% on CNV, 99.9% on DME, 99.38% on DRUSEN, and 100% on NORMAL images, indicating its superiority over existing state-of-the-art techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diagnosing a rare disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is a major challenge for physicians and patients. Despite detailed diagnostic criteria, this process often does not proceed as it should, exacerbating the problems of patients. In the following study, we show how the process, which in medical sciences has been called the "diagnostic odyssey", proceeds and how it affects patients. Materials and methods: Participants were recruited via a neurology clinic. Twenty-four patients with the diagnosed disease were interviewed using in-depth interviews and an author questionnaire: 9 females and 15 males ages ranging from 30–39 to 60–69. Results: The median time from 1st symptoms to diagnosis was almost 12 months and mean almost 20 months (min. 3, max 106). Only 5 patients waited less than 6 months for being diagnosed. Over 80% of patients received an alternative diagnosis on the first attempt. Conclusion: ALS is a fast-paced fatal disease, which requires immediate action to slow down the course of the disease and improve patients' quality of life. However, in many cases, the disease is diagnosed too late. It also happens that a wrong diagnosis causes inaccurate treatment, which accelerates the development of ALS. For this reason, it is necessary to expand the clinical and communication competences of medical personnel already at the stage of medical studies. In addition, the diagnostic criteria should highlight the common problem with diagnosing ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in South Africa in 1959. The virus primarily affects birds, causing mortality and neuroinvasive disease in certain species. Humans can also be infected, although cases are typically asymptomatic or present as flu-like symptoms. However, there have been reports of neuroinvasive diseases and even fatalities in immunocompromised individuals. Monitoring and surveillance of both birds and humans are crucial to assess the risk to the general population and implement preventive measures. Collaboration between various stakeholders is necessary to understand the virus's spread, effects, and develop strategies for prevention and control. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the importance of addressing patient motion in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for reliable parametric imaging. The introduction of new technologies in PET imaging has allowed for more insightful information about physiological processes and tissue differentiation. However, patient motion during the extended acquisition protocol can significantly impact the quality and reliability of parametric PET images. The article highlights the consequences of motion on parametric images, such as reduced lesion volume and erroneous quantification. It emphasizes the need for robust methods to correct for patient motion in order to ensure accurate parametric analysis and avoid misdiagnoses and inadequate treatment planning. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a letter published in the Journal of Anesthesia that presents the results of a survey conducted in Japan on the management of vasoactive agents, steroid use, and vascular catheter insertion during pediatric cardiovascular surgery. The survey was sent to hospitals certified by the Japanese Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists or pediatric specialty hospitals, and responses were received from 63 out of 90 targeted hospitals. The results showed that various vasoactive agents were used, with dopamine being the most frequently used catecholamine. Steroid use was common, with over 70% of hospitals using steroids during cardiovascular surgery. The study also found that most hospitals did not follow guidelines for precautions against catheter-related bloodstream infections. The authors suggest that further evaluation is needed to standardize approaches and improve patient care. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the importance of personalized medicine in olfactory testing to improve patient compliance. Olfactory disorders (OD) have a significant impact on quality of life, but there is a lack of awareness among medical professionals about this problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the sense of smell, as many patients experience persistent olfactory dysfunctions. Psychophysical tests (PT) are considered the gold standard for evaluating olfaction, but they are not always adjusted to the patient's complaints and wishes. The addition of specific odors from the patient's daily life could improve the accuracy of PT and patient compliance. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) software in olfactory training could also enhance patient adherence and collect important data for research. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a letter published in the Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics. It discusses a bibliometric analysis of the most cited papers in gynecologic oncology, aiming to provide insight into the future direction and development of the field. The study identified the top-cited articles per year in the Journal of Gynecologic Oncology using the Web of Science and iCite databases. The most frequently cited article was a basic science study on MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer. The analysis also revealed that observational studies were the most common study methodology, and ovarian cancer was the most common study topic. The majority of the articles were authored by researchers from the United States. The letter emphasizes the importance of basic science research in gynecologic oncology and highlights the need for international and multi-center collaborations in oncology studies. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Breast cancer is known as the most common type of cancer in women, and this has raised the importance of its diagnosis in medical science as one of the most important issues. In addition to reducing costs, the diagnosis of benign or malignant breast cancer is very important in determining the treatment method. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present a model based on data mining techniques including feature selection and ensemble classification that can accurately predict breast cancer patients in the early stages. Methodology: The proposed breast cancer detection model is developed by joining Adaptive Differential Evolution (ADE) algorithm for feature selection and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural network for classification. Our proposed model as ADE–LVQ has the ability to automatically and quickly diagnose breast cancer patients into two classes, benign and malignant. As a new evolutionary approach, ADE performs optimal configuration for LVQ neural network in addition to selecting effective features from breast cancer data. Meanwhile, we configure an ensemble classification technique based on LVQ, which significantly improves the prediction performance. Results: ADE–LVQ has been analyzed from different perspectives on different datasets from Wisconsin breast cancer database. We apply different approaches to handle missing values and improve data quality on this database. The results of the simulations showed that the ADE–LVQ model is more successful than the equivalent and state-of-the-art models in diagnosing breast cancer patients. Also, ADE–LVQ provides better performance with less complexity, considering feature selection and ensemble learning. In particular, ADE–LVQ improves accuracy (up to 3.4%) and runtime (up to 2.3%) on average compared to the existing best method. Conclusion: Combined methods based on data mining techniques for breast cancer diagnosis can help doctors in making better decisions for disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple risk factors have been predicted in post operative hypoparathyroidism in total thyroidectomy patients but none have been clearly defined. Present study aims at evaluating the clinic pathological and surgical impact factors in predicting the risk of post operative hypoparathyroidism in thyroidectomy patients. The study was done in Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre where Retrospective prospective cohort study who underwent and undergoing total thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection for both benign and malignant thyroid disorders during 2014 to 2022 was analyzed. The study has analyzed the various risk factors from clinic pathological and surgical skills of identifying the Inferior thyroid artery at its origin and tracing the branches to the parathyroid gland and evaluating the incidence of hypocalcemia in both study and control groups. Two groups were analyzed during the period 2014 to 2022. The study group was included patients with thyroidectomy where ITA were identified and traced up to the parathyroid gland. They were further classified into category A where both sides ITA were identified and saved, category B where only one side was preserved. In control group, the surgery was done only on basis of capsular dissection and peripheral ligation of vessels close to the gland. Total study participants in our study was 416. The overall prevalence of hypocalcemia in our study was 11.4%. The age, gender and pathological variants were comparable between the two groups. Female preponderance (76%) was seen among both the groups. Among total study subjects who underwent total thyroidectomy 44.8% were having multi nodular goitre, 7.3% toxic goitre, 9.8% follicular adenoma, 30.2% papillary carcinoma and 7.9% follicular carcinoma. In our study benign and malignant thyroid disorders had no significant difference. Prevalence of hypocalcemia among control group 14.5% vs study group 3.8%. We found incidence of hypocalcaemia was comparitively lesser among patients with thyroidectomy alone, than those with unilateral or bilateral CND. Prevalence of hypocalcemia among control group was 33% (45/133) and study group 7% (12/153), when thyroidectomy alone was done. However, with neck dissection in bilateral CND, incidence was 41% (23/56) in study group and 61% (11/18) in control group. In unilateral CND, study and control group had 31% (10/32) and 54% (13/24) which was found to be statistically significant. Parathyroid auto transplantation among the control group (29%) compared to the study group (16%). Bilateral neck dissection and gross extrathyroidal extension and cases with PTG inadvertent removal posed significant risk factors for hypoparathyroidism. The prevalence of immediate hypocalcemia among Cat A, Cat B and control group were 14%, 20.3% and 37.5% respectively and was statistically significant (P <.0001). Symptomatic and Biochemical hypocalcemia at the end of 1 week among Cat A, Cat B, and control group was 8%, 12%, and 33.6, & 12.9%, 21% and 30% respectively. Whereas transient hypocalcemia reported among these groups was 1.6%, 5% and 14.6%. Permanent hypocalcemia was < 1% in study group and 4% among control group. We observed that permanent hypocalcemia was high among patients with bilateral neck dissection and auto transplanted PTG. There was no significant statistical difference in hypocalcemia (transient or permanent) among study and control group, but the incidence of hypocalcemia had significantly reduced in both study groups when unilateral or bilateral identification of ITA was done compared to control group. Our hypothesis in this study aims at preserving the branches of ITA supplying PTG distally has greater functional preservation of the parathyroid than conventional technique. This technique also helps us maintaining the plane and capsular dissection if done properly. By trying to preserve the ITA surgeons may acquire better meticulous dissection skills and understanding the anatomical variation of vessels around PTG more precisely which improve the surgical outcome in preventing both transient and permanent hypocalcaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To map current literature and provide an overview of upcoming future diagnostic and prognostic methods for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), including translational medical science. Methods: A scoping review approach was applied to search the literature. Based on the published literature, and the experts own experience and opinions consensus was reached through discussions at the meeting Consultation on UTUC II in Stockholm, September 2022. Results: The gene mutational profile of UTUC correlates with stage, grade, prognosis, and response to different therapeutic strategies. Analysis of pathway proteins downstream of known pathogenic mutations might be an alternative approach. Liquid biopsies of cell-free DNA may detect UTUC with a higher sensitivity and specificity than urinary cytology. Extracellular vesicles from tumour cells can be detected in urine and may be used to identify the location of the urothelial carcinoma in the urinary tract. 3D microscopy of UTUC samples may add information in the analysis of tumour stage. Chemokines and chemokine receptors were linked to overall survival and responsiveness to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, which is potentially also of interest in UTUC. Conclusion: Current diagnostic methods for UTUC have shortcomings, especially concerning prognostication, which is important for personalized treatment decisions. There are several upcoming methods that may be of interest for UTUC. Most have been studied for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and it is important to keep in mind that UTUC is a different entity and not all methods are adaptable or applicable to UTUC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are incurable and the most prevalent cognitive and motor disorders of elderly. Mitochondria are essential for a wide range of cellular processes playing a pivotal role in a number of cellular functions like metabolism, intracellular signaling, apoptosis, and immunity. A plethora of evidence indicates the central role of mitochondrial functions in pathogenesis of many aging related NDD. Considering how mitochondria function in neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress, and mutations in mtDNA both contribute to aging. Many substantial reports suggested the involvement of numerous contributing factors including, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitophagy, accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutations, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, and transport within axons in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Therapies therefore target fundamental mitochondrial processes such as energy metabolism, free-radical generation, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial redox state, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial quality control, and metabolism hold great promise to develop pharmacological based therapies in NDD. By emphasizing the most efficient pharmacological strategies to target dysfunction of mitochondria in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review serves the scientific community engaged in translational medical science by focusing on the establishment of novel, mitochondria-targeted treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Anatomical knowledge of medical students and residents is insufficient and further anatomical sciences throughout medical curriculum may be necessary. The first aim of this study was to assess pelvic and perineal anatomical knowledge retention of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ob/Gyn) residents. The second was to assess the impact of an e-learning tool on anatomical knowledge. Methods: A survey was sent by mail to medical students and Ob/Gyn residents. After completion, Ob/Gyn residents were randomised to "e-learning" group or to "Control" group. "E-learning" group had an unlimited access to a tool about female pelvic and perineum anatomy, implemented by iMAIOS society in their online platform. A second assessment of residents' anatomical knowledge was done 2 months after randomisation. Results: Ob/Gyn residents (N = 23) had a significant lower global score than third-year medical students (N = 103) (22.1% (± 10.2) vs 43.8% (± 12.1), p < 0.0001). Two months after randomisation, residents of "control" group demonstrated no significant difference between the two questionnaires (3.6%, p = 0.31), whilst the "e-learning" group demonstrated a significant increase overall (10.6%, p = 0.09). There was no significant difference on the post-intervention questionnaire between control and "e-learning" group (25.4% vs 33% respectively, p = 0.34). Conclusion: Knowledge of pelvic and perineal anatomy is poor. This e-learning tool aimed at improving anatomical knowledge retention but is not sufficient. A combination of traditional approaches and innovative solutions should be proposed throughout medical school and residency to maintain anatomical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals of this study were to investigate the incidence and characteristics of hematuria in patients with microtia, and to clarify that more attention should be paid to renal dysfunction in patients with microtia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of a total 9447 children diagnosed with microtia (selected as study group, 7037 children) or pigmented nevus (selected as control group, 2410 children) at the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 2009 to June 2021. All of the routine urinalysis report of these children were reviewed to assess the incidence and characteristics of hematuria in each group. No statistically significant differences were observed when analyzing the overall incidence of hematuria between the study and control groups (P > 0.05). However, after grouping by sex, the incidence of hematuria in female children with microtia was significantly higher than that in femalecontrol group and no similar results were observed in the male patients. In addition, after further grouping by age in case group, the incidence of hematuria in girls of all ages with microtia was significantly higher than that in males with microtia (age 0–10:males: Girls = 1.89%:4.14%; age 0–5: males: Girls = 1.22%:3.73%; age 6–10: males:Girls = 1.97%:4.14%,P < 0.05), while no similar results were obtained in the control group.(age 0–10:males: Girls = 1.39%:2.22%; age 0–5: males: Girls = 1.07%:1.95%; age 6–10: males: Girls = 3.38%:3.17%, P > 0.05). Higher incidence of hematuria was observed in female children with microtia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of biosensor research has been a primary driving force in the continuing progress of modern medical science. While traditional nanofabrication methods have long been the foundation of biosensor research, recent years have seen a shift in the field of nanofabrication towards laser-based techniques. Here we report a gold-based biosensor, with a limit of detection (LoD) 3.18 µM, developed using environmentally friendly Laser Ablation Synthesis in Liquid (LASiS) and Confined Atmospheric Pulsed-laser (CAP) deposition techniques for the first time. The sensors were able detect a DNA fragment corresponding to the longest unpaired sequence of the c-Myc gene, indicating their potential for detecting such fragments in the ctDNA signature of various cancers. The LoD of the developed novel biosensor highlights its reliability and sensitivity as an analytical platform. The reproducibility of the sensor was examined via the production and testing of 200 sensors with the same fabrication methodology. This work offers a scalable, and green approach to fabricating viable biosensors capable of detecting clinically relevant oncogenic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the entropy generation analysis on the flow of an electrically conductive fluid (Blood) with Al 2 O 3 -suspended nanoparticles through the irregular stenosed artery with thrombosis on the catheter. The fluid flow can be actuated by the interactions of different physical phenomena like electroosmosis, radiation, Joule heating and a uniform radial magnetic field. The analysis of different shapes and sizes of the nanoparticle is considered by taking the Crocine model. The velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are computed using the Crank–Nicholson method within the framework of the Debye–Huckel linearization approximation. In order to see how blood flow changes in response to different parameters, the velocity contour is calculated. The aluminium oxide nanoparticles employed in this research have several potential uses in biomedicine and biosensing. The surface's stability, biocompatibility, and reactivity may be enhanced by surface engineering, making the material effective for deoxyribonucleic acid sensing. It may be deduced that the velocity profile reduces as the nanoparticle's size grows while depicts the reverse trend for the shape size. In a region close to the walls, the entropy profile decreases, while in the region in the middle, it rises as the magnetic field parameter rises. The present endeavour can be beneficial in biomedical sciences in designing better biomedical devices and gaining insight into the hemodynamic flow for treatment modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oil aspiration pneumonia is an uncommon form of lung disease due to aspiration or inhalation of oil-containing products. The present study reports the changes process of radiological findings over time in four children. Case presentation: For 2 years, four cases (17 months until 3.5 years) with aspiration oil-containing (petroleum or benzene) products were referred to a tertiary center, Akbar Children's Hospital, Mashhad Medical University of Science. They presented with respiratory distress and fever. The radiography, low-dose CT scan, and ultrasound findings were evaluated. Assessment of serial imaging findings in our patients shows decreased volume, ground glass opacity, and septal thickening in the lower lobes of the lungs are a predominant pattern in the first and second days. Consolidation and nodular opacity appear after 48 h. In the second week, the nodular pattern (fluid-filled pneumatoceles) is the main pattern and persists for 1 month. CT scan images showed that opaque nodules are actually fluid-filled pneumatoceles. Finally, air-filled pneumatoceles gradually appeared from the third week and disappeared in 6–8 months. Conclusion: Our results show that four radiological phases of oil pneumonia, including ground glass opacities, segmental consolidation, fluid-filled pneumatoceles (nodule), and finally air-filled pneumatoceles, could be seen in radiography, CT scan, and ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and the consequent surge in infections caused by them have become major public health concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit antibacterial properties and have wide applications in biomedical sciences. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized in the presence of antibiotics: Ceftazidime (Cft), Cefotaxime (Cef), Ceftriaxone (Cfx), and Cefepime (Cpm), along with the extract of Mentha longifolia. Mentha longifolia-based AgNPs were kept as the control for all experiments. The associated metabolites, structural properties, surface charges, and antibacterial activity of the AgNPs were also evaluated. Overall, a blue-shift of SPR peaks was observed for control AgNPs (λmax = 421 nm, 422 nm, 426 nm, and 406 nm for Cft-AgNPs, Cef-AgNPs, Cfx-AgNPs, and Cpm-AgNPs, respectively), compared to the control (λmax = 438 nm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that antibiotic-based AgNPs had distinct peaks that corresponded to the respective antibiotics, which were not observed in the control. XRD analysis showed that there were observed changes in crystallinity in antibiotic-based AgNPs compared to the control. TEM images revealed that all samples had spherical nanoparticles with different sizes and distributions compared to the control. The Zeta potential for extract-based AgNPs was − 33.6 mV, compared to -19.6 mV for Cft-AgNPs, -2 mV for Cef-AgNPs, -21.1 mV for Cfx-AgNPs, and − 24.2 mV for Cpm-AgNPs. The increase in the PDI value for antibiotic-based AgNPs also showed a highly polydisperse distribution. However, the antibiotic-AgNPs conjugates showed significantly higher activity against pathogenic bacteria. The addition of antibiotics to AgNPs brought significant changes in structural properties and antibacterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antigen-presenting cells (APC)/T/NK cells are key immune cells that play crucial roles in fighting against malignancies including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, we aimed to identify an APC/T/NK cells-related gene signature (ATNKGS) and potential immune cell-related genes (IRGs) to realize risk stratification, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic response prediction for LUAD patients. Methods: Based on the univariate Cox regression and the LASSO Cox regression results of 196 APC/T/NK cells-related genes collected from three pathways in the KEGG database, we determined the final genes and established the ATNKGS-related risk model. The single-cell RNA sequencing data were applied for key IRGs identification and investigate their value in immunotherapeutic response prediction. Several GEO datasets and an external immunotherapy cohort from Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, were applied for validation. Results: In this study, nine independent public datasets including 1108 patients were enrolled. An ATNKGS containing 16 genes for predicting overall survival of LUAD patients was constructed with robust prognostic capability. The ATNKGS high risk group was related to significantly worse OS outcomes than those in the low-risk group, which were verified in TCGA and four GEO datatsets. A nomogram combining the ATNKGS risk score with clinical TNM stage achieved the optimal prediction performance. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed CTSL as an IRG of macrophage and monocyte. Moreover, though CTSL was an indicator for poor prognosis of LUAD patients, CTSL high expression group was associated with higher ESTIMATEScore, immune checkpoints expression, and lower TIDE score. Several immunotherapeutic cohorts have confirmed the response-predicting significance of CTSL in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Conclusions: Our study provided an insight into the significant role of APC/T/NK cells-related genes in survival risk stratification and CTSL in response prediction of immunotherapy in patients with LUAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study published in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging explores the relationship between myeloid inflammation and prostate cancer. The study suggests that targeting the CXCR2 axis, which is involved in myeloid cell recruitment, could potentially reverse resistance to certain prostate cancer treatments. The researchers conducted preclinical and translational studies, finding that a CXCR2 inhibitor led to a decrease in myeloid cell infiltration and showed promising results in a small group of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The study highlights the need for further research and the development of imaging techniques to detect and quantify biomarkers associated with the CXCR2 axis. [Extracted from the article]

The present study deals with the entropy generation analysis on the flow of an electrically conductive fluid (Blood) with Al 2 O 3 -suspended nanoparticles through the irregular stenosed artery with thrombosis on the catheter. The fluid flow can be actuated by the interactions of different physical phenomena like electroosmosis, radiation, Joule heating and a uniform radial magnetic field. The analysis of different shapes and sizes of the nanoparticle is considered by taking the Crocine model. The velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are computed using the Crank–Nicholson method within the framework of the Debye–Huckel linearization approximation. In order to see how blood flow changes in response to different parameters, the velocity contour is calculated. The aluminium oxide nanoparticles employed in this research have several potential uses in biomedicine and biosensing. The surface's stability, biocompatibility, and reactivity may be enhanced by surface engineering, making the material effective for deoxyribonucleic acid sensing. It may be deduced that the velocity profile reduces as the nanoparticle's size grows while depicts the reverse trend for the shape size. In a region close to the walls, the entropy profile decreases, while in the region in the middle, it rises as the magnetic field parameter rises. The present endeavour can be beneficial in biomedical sciences in designing better biomedical devices and gaining insight into the hemodynamic flow for treatment modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals of this study were to investigate the incidence and characteristics of hematuria in patients with microtia, and to clarify that more attention should be paid to renal dysfunction in patients with microtia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of a total 9447 children diagnosed with microtia (selected as study group, 7037 children) or pigmented nevus (selected as control group, 2410 children) at the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 2009 to June 2021. All of the routine urinalysis report of these children were reviewed to assess the incidence and characteristics of hematuria in each group. No statistically significant differences were observed when analyzing the overall incidence of hematuria between the study and control groups (P > 0.05). However, after grouping by sex, the incidence of hematuria in female children with microtia was significantly higher than that in femalecontrol group and no similar results were observed in the male patients. In addition, after further grouping by age in case group, the incidence of hematuria in girls of all ages with microtia was significantly higher than that in males with microtia (age 0–10:males: Girls = 1.89%:4.14%; age 0–5: males: Girls = 1.22%:3.73%; age 6–10: males:Girls = 1.97%:4.14%,P < 0.05), while no similar results were obtained in the control group.(age 0–10:males: Girls = 1.39%:2.22%; age 0–5: males: Girls = 1.07%:1.95%; age 6–10: males: Girls = 3.38%:3.17%, P > 0.05). Higher incidence of hematuria was observed in female children with microtia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B P1 b B Analysis of EIF2AK3 alternative splicing and its effect on PERK function in response to ER stress b Elena Alvarez Periel SP 1 sp , Avinash Singh SP 2 sp , Kelly Jordan-Sciutto SP 3 sp (corresponding author: elenaap@upenn.edu) SP I 1 i sp I Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; i SP I 2 i sp I College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania; i SP I 3 i sp I Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania i HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are still prevalent in ~50% of people with HIV (PWH) despite widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study focuses on the splicing regulation and expression of APP and its isoforms by using 2D (SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells) and 3D (cerebral organoids (hCO's)) cell culture models to study APP splicing in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders in a translational cell model of HIV+ infection. Specifically, we identified cells positive for human specific nuclear protein, human astrocytes, myeloid cells, which are the main HIV reservoirs in the brain, as well as neuronal cells. To quantify the cells HIV-infected cells connected by TNTs with the uninfected cell we used live cell and confocal imaging (TNT marker, P24, and DAPI) up to seven days post-infection. Although VZV is cell-associated and spreads primarily through direct cell-cell contact, the role of non-infectious sEVs released from VZV-infected sensory neurons in viral spread and disease onset prior to lytic infection has not been studied. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: This retrospective study investigated major adverse limb events (MALE) and mortality outcomes in critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients with tissue loss after an endovascular revascularization-first (EVR-1st) strategy. Methods: MALE and mortality were assessed in 157 consecutive patients with CLTI and tissue loss from June 2019 to June 2022 at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Trinidad and Tobago. Results: 157 patients underwent the EVR-1st strategy, of whom 20 were pivoted to immediate surgical revascularization (SR). Of the remaining 137 patients, successful EVR was achieved in 112, giving a procedural success of 82% and an all-comer overall success of 71%. The mortality and MALE rates were 2.7% and 8.9% at 2 years, respectively. Males and patients with previous major amputations were at significantly higher risk for MALE (p values of 0.016 and 0.018, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in successful EVR for both Rutherford–Baker (RB) 5 (minor) and RB 6 (major) classifications: 63 (56%) vs. 5 (20%) and 49 (44%) vs. 20 (80%), both with a p value of 0.01. There were no differences in successful EVR amongst Wound, Ischemia, Foot Infection (WIfI) clinical stages. There were no differences in successful EVR amongst the Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) classifications. Conclusions: This study may prove clinically informative and applicable for an EVR-1st management strategy for high-risk patients with CLTI in a limited-resource, Caribbean setting. Trial registration number: NCT05547022 (retrospectively registered). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft miniature robots have wide potential applications in lab-on-a-chip and biomedical sciences due to their deformability, safety, and remarkable controllability. However, current ferrofluidic droplet robots have some problems, such as easy broken, limited motion range and high energy consumption. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a programmable ferrofluidic flexible droplet robot (PFDR) with control strategies for elongation, splitting and merging behaviors by designing an actuation system consisting of a row of electromagnets and a robotic arm or a coordinate robot. The PFDR can not only deform actively to prevent itself from breaking, but also deform passively to fit the profile of channels or tubes to move efficiently. The actuation system can make PFDR have larger motion range as well as lower energy consumption. The design concept and the operating principle of PFDR are presented. The magnetic actuation system is developed. The lag of PFDR is analyzed in theoretical and experimental ways. The splitting and merging behaviors are investigated and other functionalities are studied as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the clinical and molecular differences between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with MYD88L265P and MYD88other. Methods: DLBCL patients with MYD88 variations were collected from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CHCAMS), and Suzhou Municipal Hospital from February 6th, 2007 to May 20th, 2022. Clinicopathological parameters and treatment outcomes between MYD88L265P and MYD88other were investigated. Results: A total of 132 patients with MYD88 variations from a cohort of 475 DLBCL patients were included, among which, 78 were MYD88L265P, while 54 were MYD88other. MYD88L265P was more common in non-GCB subtype than MYD88other (83% vs. 60%, P = 0.004). Besides, MYD88L265P was significantly related to higher proportion of testicle/ central nervous system involvement (31% vs. 6%, P < 0.001), PIM1 mutation (71% vs. 39%, P < 0.001), and PIM1 hypermutation (28% vs. 11%, P = 0.018), compared with MYD88other. Compared with MYD88L265P, MYD88other were more likely to have higher percentage of advanced stage (60% vs. 42%, P = 0.044), extranodal site ≥ 2 (45% vs. 28%, P = 0.044), elevated LDH (55% vs. 35%, P = 0.033), positive CD10 expression (36% vs. 16%, P = 0.009), BCL-6 translocation (20% vs. 8%, P = 0.033), and NOTCH pathway gene alteration (24% vs. 13%, P = 0.040). In non-GCB DLBCL subtype, patients with MYD88other were significantly associated with worse progression free survival (PFS) than those with MYD88L265P when treated initially with R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like regimen (P = 0.010). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that DLBCL patients with MYD88L265P and MYD88other are likely to be two subgroups with different clinical and molecular characteristics. The survival of patients with MYD88other is not superior than those with MYD88L265P, even poorer when focusing on the non-GCB subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased intake of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) in the pediatric age paralleled with the risen prevalence of childhood obesity. The Ultraprocessed Foods in Obesity (UFO) Project aimed at investigating the potential mechanisms for the effects of UPFs in facilitating pediatric obesity, focusing on the direct role of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on mitochondrial function, the key regulator of obesity pathophysiology. We comparatively investigated the daily dietary intake of UPFs, energy, nutrients, dietary AGEs [Nε -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε -(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and Nδ -(5-hydro-5- methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1)] in 53 obese patients and in 100 healthy controls visiting the Tertiary Center for Pediatric Nutrition of the Department of Translational Medical Science at the University of Naples "Federico II". AGEs skin accumulation and mitochondrial function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also assessed. A higher intake of UPFs and AGEs, energy, protein, fat, and saturated fatty acids was observed in obese patients. Obese children presented significantly higher skin AGEs accumulation and alterations in mitochondrial metabolism. PBMCs from healthy controls exposed to AGEs showed the same mitochondrial alterations observed in patients. These findings support the UPFs role in pediatric obesity, and the need for dietary strategies limiting UPFs exposure for obesity prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advancements in information technology and bioinformatics have led to exceptional contributions in medical sciences. Extensive developments have been recorded for digital devices, thermometers, digital equipments and health monitoring systems for the automated disease diagnosis of different diseases. These automated systems assist doctors with accurate and efficient disease diagnosis. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the nervous system. Over the years, numerous efforts have been reported for the efficient automatic detection of Parkinson's disease. Different datasets including voice data samples, radiology images, and handwriting samples and gait specimens have been used for analysis and detection. Techniques such as machine learning and deep learning have been used broadly and reported promising results. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the use of artificial intelligence for Parkinson's disease diagnosis. The available datasets and their various properties are discussed in detail. Further, a thorough overview is provided for the existing algorithms, methods and approaches utilizing different datasets. Several key peculiarities and challenges are also provided based on the comprehensive literature review to diagnose a healthy or unhealthy person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although its role in the functioning of aquatic systems is widely recognized, the contribution of freshwater metazooplankton (metazoan plankton) to ecosystem services (ES) is seldom considered. Here we aim at providing a first overview of how this group contributes to ecosystem services according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework. We show that although metazooplankton hardly generates any provisioning services, it provides crucial support to the generation of other services. Metazooplankton is important for fisheries because it forms an essential food item for the larval and juvenile stages of most freshwater fish and acts as a trophic link between phytoplankton and microbial communities and the fish community. Through its stoichiometric homeostasis and ability to feed on biochemically complementary food sources it may also act as a buffer against bottom-up effects of nutrient deficiencies in primary producers. Metazooplankton often has a crucial regulatory function by controlling phytoplankton growth and dissolved organic carbon, contributing to the quality of drinking and irrigation water supplies and of the underwater light climate. It provides attractive study material for didactic purposes and some taxa have served as model systems that have considerably aided progress in scientific disciplines, such as ecology, evolutionary biology, ecotoxicology, environmental, and biomedical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate blood monocyte counts as a risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Infants who underwent ROP screening at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital between January, 2011 and July, 2021 were included in this study. Screening criteria were a gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks or birth weight (BW) < 1500 g. The week with the largest difference in monocyte counts between the infants with and without type 1 ROP determined based on the effect size. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate whether the monocyte counts constituted an independent risk factor for type 1 ROP. The objective variable was type 1 ROP, and the explanatory variables were GA, BW, infants' infection, and Apgar score at 1 min and monocyte counts in the week with the largest monocyte-counts difference between the with- and without type 1 ROP groups. Results: In total, 231 infants met the inclusion criteria. The monocyte counts in the fourth week after birth (4w MONO) exhibited the largest difference between infants with and without type 1 ROP. The analysis was performed on 198 infants, excluding 33 infants without 4w MONO data. Thirty-one infants had type 1 ROP, whereas 167 infants did not. BW and 4w MONO were significantly associated with type 1 ROP (odds ratio: 0.52 and 3.9, P <.001 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: The 4w MONO was an independent risk factor for type 1 ROP and may be useful in follow-up of infants with ROP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two important types of non-coding RNAs that are not translated into protein. These molecules can regulate various biological processes, including stem cell differentiation and self-renewal. One of the first known miRNAs in mammals is miR-21. Cancer-related studies have shown that this miRNA has proto-oncogene activity and is elevated in cancers. However, it is confirmed that miR-21 inhibits stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal and induces differentiation by targeting various genes. Regenerative medicine is a field of medical science that tries to regenerate and repair damaged tissues. Various studies have shown that miR-21 plays an essential role in regenerative medicine by affecting stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the function of miR-21 in regenerative medicine of the liver, nerve, spinal cord, wound, bone, and dental tissues. In addition, the function of natural compounds and lncRNAs will be analyzed as potential regulators of miR-21 expression in regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A highly cited paper (HCP) is considered a landmark that can influence both research and clinical practice. The characteristics of HCPs in avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) were identified and the research status was explored in a scientometric analysis. Methods: The present bibliometric analysis were based on the Scopus database from 1991 to 2021. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were used for co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis. From 8496 papers, only 2.9% (244) were HCPs, with 200.8 citations registered per article. Results: Of the HCPs, 11.9% and 12.3% were externally funded and had international collaboration, respectively. These were published in 84 journals by 1625 authors from 425 organizations of 33 countries. The USA, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel were the leading countries.The lead research organizations were Sinai Hospital and John Hopkins University (USA). The most impactful organizations were University of Arkansas for Medical Science, and Good Samaritan Hospital (USA). R.A. Mont (USA) and K.H. Koo (South Korea) were the most prolific contributing authors, while R. Ganz (Switzerland) and R.S. Weinstein (USA) registered the most impactful contributions. The most prolific publishing journal was the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Conclusion: The HCPs contributed to the knowledge of AVNFH by examining research perspectives and identifying important subareas through keyword analysis. Level of evidence: Not applicable. Trial registration: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]