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MRI was obtained in eight normal volunteers and seven patients with brain oedema around the trigone. In addition to the conventional sequences, diffusion-weighted and intravoxel-incoherent-motion images using motion-proving anteroposterior and/or lateral direction gradients were obtained to show the white matter pathways better. Coronal proton-density-weighted images showed three thin relatively high-intensity layers in addition to the tapetum and the internal and external sagittal strata. Although they have not been confirmed anatomically, the thin layer between the internal and the external sagittal strata was corroborated by diffusion-weighted and intravoxel-incoherent-motion images, and by characteristics of the spread of oedema into the sagittal stratum. We propose that this layer be named the central sagittal lamina. The other two layers medial and lateral to the sagittal stratum were outside, but in contact with the medial and lateral parts of the sagittal stratum, respectively. We provisionally named them medial and lateral sagittal laminae; they were not evident on any other images. The low-intensity layer on T2-weighting was the internal sagittal stratum. The optic radiation, comprising the external sagittal stratum, appeared as an intermediate to slightly high-intensity layer on T2-weighted images and a low-intensity layer on T1-weighted images as did the corticospinal tract in the posterior internal capsule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a histopathological study of two human brains to look at dilated Virchow-Robin (V-R) spaces in the anterior perforated substance and putamen. We measured the diameter of 74 arteries in 54 dilated V-R spaces. In 28 patients without neurological deficits we ascertained the characteristic location of dilated V-R spaces in the anterior perforated substance and basal ganglia on MRI, measuring the distance from 64 foci of cerebrospinal fluid signal intensity to the centre of the mamillary body on 1 mm thick images. In the histopathological study, the mean diameter of the arteries was 39.0 ± 36.0 μm. Dilatation of the V-R space was observed from the end of the indentation of the pial membrane towards the brain surface along the perforating artery. In the MR images, the mean distance from the dilated V-R space to the mamillary body was 10.0 ± 4.5 mm. The V-R space was confined to a fixed level in the lower part of the basal ganglia, and not found near the brain surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we examined the ability of interleukin (IL)-12 to generate an antitumor effect in the tumor-growing site. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were obtained from 12 malignant pleural effusions due to lung cancer in the tumor-growing site. Non-major-histocompatibility-complex-restricted killer activity, examined by 4-h 51Cr release assay against Daudi lymphoma cells as well as various lung cancer cell lines (H69 and PC-9), and in vitro production of interferon γ (IFNγ), measured by enzyme immunoassay, were investigated as mediators of antitumor effects of host cells activated by IL-12. IL-12 induced killer activity of MNC in pleural effusions (pleural MNC) dose-dependently. Moreover, pleural MNC produced a signficant amount of IFNγ in response to IL-12. The killer activities of IL-12-activated blood MNC were higher than those of pleural MNC. The supernatants of pleural effusions of these untreated patients suppressed killer induction by IL-12 of blood MNC of healthy volunteers. These observations suggest that MNC present at the site of growing tumors may act as effector cells against lung cancer in the presence of IL-12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal herniation through a defect of the uterine broad ligament is rarely encountered. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman in whom a closed bowel loop with approximation of its ends to the uterus was the definitive computed tomographic finding. This type of internal herniation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of female patients presenting with ileus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]