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The luminescence of the uranyl cation UO22+ depends on the local crystalline environment and is sensitive to structural influences. Steady-state photoluminescence emission spectra of the related uranyl silicates uranophane-α, uranophane-β, sklodowskite and haiweeite from various locations are presented and discussed in the light of structure–property relation. The four mineral species were chosen for their close relationships: uranophane-α and uranophane-β are polymorphs and share the underlaying topology with sklodowskite. Haiweeite, with different topology, shares the composing elements Ca, U, Si, O with uranophane, while in sklodowskite Mg replaces Ca. All species show some variability in their spectra, parameterized as a variation of the centroid wavelength. Those variations are linked to defects and structural disorder, relevant in studies of uranyl speciation and migration. We present empiric spectra of the four mineral species with the least influence of structural disorder. As an unexpected feature, a prominent—partly dominating—double peak structure occurs in the case of uranophane-α only, while it is absent in the spectra of the other species. Considering a model of luminescent transitions in the uranyl ion in more detail, this observation is discussed in the light of the polymorphism of uranophane. We show evidence that variable amounts of uranophane-β phase embedded in uranophane-α are possibly at the origin of this spectral signature. Growth of those uranophane-β clusters might be induced by defects in the uranophane-α lattice and further promoted by the polymorphism of uranophane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrical 'narcosis' is produced both by repeated shocks (sinoidal alternating current, make-and-break shocks, rectangular shocks of a continuous current) and by constant galvanic current, when the current is allowed to flow through the central nervous system of mammals or men; in the case of the constant galvanic current the effect depends also on the direction of the current in the body. The analysis of the current-effects shows that repeated shocks never produce a paralysing effect similar to chemical narcosis and that the paralysis is caused only by the preceding maximal irritation of the central nervous system (demonstrated by the general muscular spasms). On the contrary a real narcosis is brought out by a constant galvanic current, which descends through the spinal cord of a mammal or a man; this effect is obtained without muscular spasms and is equivalent to the effect of chemical narcotics. An ascending galvanic current increases the central excitability and produces general muscular spasms, which are facilitated by analeptics and depressed by narcotics. This contrary variation of the central nervous systems's function, depending on the direction of the galvanic current, is only possible if there is a special micro-structure in the spinal cord of mammalians and men. We have not succeeded as yet in producing a physically easily variable narcosis by electrical methods, but many things of practical importance have been accomplished: the electrical stunning of cattle in the slaughter-houses, the electrical convulsant therapy of psychoses in humans, a new method for testing the effects, in respect to duration and depth, of drugs that stimulate or depress the nervous centers, a proof for the existence of special micro-structure in the central nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Electrical elicited cutaneous pain was measured in 6 healthy males (20-21 years) in Innsbruck (560 m) and in the Monte Rosa Territory (2800 m). In high altitude there is a remarkable decrease of pain threshold during the first days and afterward an increase up to the values before the exposition to high altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pflüger's Archiv Für Die Gesamte Physiologie Des Menschen Und Der Tiere is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)