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Heterogeneously catalyzed liquid oxidation of olefins with O2 provides an alternative way for synthesizing high-value added chemicals. Herein, we report a straightforward urea-redox and sol-gel process for synthesizing LaCoxCu1−xO3 for aerobic photo-oxidation of cyclohexene. Our research highlights a marked increase in the proportions of Co2+ and Cu+ species in a low chemical state, as well as enhanced visible light absorption through this method. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the catalytic process, particularly with LaCo0.7Cu0.3O3, involves a radical pathway mediated by reactive oxygen species. The presence of Cu+/Co2+ species and surface oxygen vacancies is proposed to boost O2 adsorption and activation on the catalyst, facilitating the formation of 2-cyclohexene-1-hydroperoxides. Furthermore, Cu2+/Co3+ species are thought to aid in generating cyclohexene-derived radical species. The efficient aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene on LaCo0.7Cu0.3O3 catalyst relies on the formation of reactive oxygen species and carbon radicals, facilitated by its strong visible light illumination. It achieves a cyclohexene conversion of 89.4% and selectivity to cyclohex-2-ene-1-one of 72.2%, along with stable recyclability after six reuses. The creation of nano-structured LaCoxCu1−xO3 through the urea-redox and sol-gel process offers a promising avenue for the development of highly efficient catalysts for the aerobic photo-oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohex-2-ene-1-one in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MOCA1 encodes the last key glucuronosyltransferase for ionic stress sensor glycosyl inositol phosphoryl-ceramide (GIPCs) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, which indicates that the MOCA gene family play important role in plant tolerance to salt stress. However, the isolation and function of MOCAs in staple crops have not been reported and the downstream targets of MOCAs in salt stress tolerance signalling pathway are not clear. In this study, we identified 110 MOCA genes in wheat which were classified into five clades and they differed in gene structure, protein length, conserved motifs and expression profiles in different tissues and under salt stress. TaMOCA1 was selected for further functional study in response to salt stress. TaMOCA1 was rapidly induced by NaCl treatment. The 35S::TaMOCA1-GFP construction showed the cell nucleus and cytoplasm location in wheat protoplast. TaMOCA1 over-expressing Arabidopsis seedlings formed longer primary roots and more lateral roots than the wild type ones under 50 mM NaCl treatment. The over-expressing Arabidopsis had higher expression levels of HKT1, but lower expression levels of NHX1 and SOS genes than the wild type. Also, the transgenic plants had higher SOD activity and lower MDA content than the wild Arabidopsis seedling under salt stress. These results may indicate that TaMOCA1 increases salt stress tolerance through decreasing Na+ loading from the xylem parenchyma cells to the xylem via SOS1 and HKT1, hence lowering root-to-shoot delivery of Na+ and superior antioxidant ability. All these results lay a foundation for further functional study of MOCAs in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two-dimensional systems that simultaneously harbor superconductivity and nontrivial band topology may serve as appealing platforms for realizing topological superconductivity with promising applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we show that monolayered CoN and CoP with the isovalent FeSe-like structure are stable in freestanding form, even though their known bulk phases have no resemblance to layering. The two systems are further revealed to display intrinsic band inversions due to crystal field splitting, and such orderings are preserved with the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which otherwise is able to open a curved band gap, yielding a non-zero Z2 topological invariant in each case. Such a mechanism of topologicalization is distinctly contrasted with that identified recently for the closely related monolayers of CoX (X = As, Sb, Bi), where the SOC plays an indispensable role in causing a nontrivial band inversion. Next, we demonstrate that, by applying equi-biaxial tensile strain, the electron-phonon coupling strength in monolayered CoN can be significantly enhanced, yielding a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) up to 7–12 K for the Coulomb pseudopotential of μ* = 0.2–0.1, while the CoP monolayer shows very low Tc even under pronounced strain. Their different superconducting behaviors can be attributed to different variations in lattice softening and electronic density of states around the Fermi level upon pressuring. Our central findings enrich the understanding of different mechanisms of band inversions and topologicalization and offer platforms for achieving the coexistence of superconductivity and nontrivial band topology based on two-dimensional systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a facile synthesis of single-Ni-atom catalysts on low-cost porous carbon using a calcination method at the temperatures of 850–1000 °C, which were used for CO2 electrochemical reduction to CO. The porous carbon was prepared by carbonizing cheap and abundant humic acid. The structural characterizations of the as-synthesized catalysts and their electrocatalytic performances were analyzed. The results showed that the single-Ni-atom catalyst activated at 950 °C showed an optimum catalytic performance, and it reached a CO Faradaic efficiency of 91.9% with a CO partial current density of 6.9 mA·cm−2 at −0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Additionally, the CO Faradaic efficiency and current density of the optimum catalyst changed slightly after 8 h of continuous operation, suggesting that it possessed an excellent stability. The structure-activity relations indicate that the variation in the CO2 electrochemical reduction performance for the as-synthesized catalysts is ascribed to the combined effects of the increase in the content of pyrrolic N, the evaporation of Ni and N, the decrease in pore volume, and the change in graphitization degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional topological insulators hosting the quantum spin Hall effect have application potential in dissipationless electronics. To observe the quantum spin Hall effect at elevated temperatures, a wide band gap is indispensable to efficiently suppress bulk conduction. Yet, most candidate materials exhibit narrow or even negative band gaps. Here, via elegant control of van der Waals epitaxy, we have successfully grown monolayer ZrTe5 on a bilayer graphene/SiC substrate. The epitaxial ZrTe5 monolayer crystalizes in two allotrope isomers with different intralayer alignments of ZrTe3 prisms. Our scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy characterization unveils an intrinsic full band gap as large as 254 meV and one-dimensional edge states localized along the periphery of the ZrTe5 monolayer. First-principles calculations further confirm that the large band gap originates from strong spin−orbit coupling, and the edge states are topologically nontrivial. These findings thus provide a highly desirable material platform for the exploration of the high-temperature quantum spin Hall effect.Quantum spin Hall materials hold great potential for future nanoelectronics. Here, authors synthesize a potential host system — monolayer ZrTe5 — and demonstrate it possesses a band gap wide enough for potential room-temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to search for new natural product-based antitumor agents, a series of novel thiazolidinone derivatives of dehydroabietic acid-based B ring-fused-thiazole were designed and synthesized. The primary antitumor tests showed that compounds 5 m exhibited almost the best inhibitory activity against the tested cancer cells. The computational study suggested NOTCH1, IGF1R, TLR4, and KDR were the core targets of the title compounds, and the IC50 of SCC9 and Cal27 is strong correlation with the binding ability of TLR4 and compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data partitioning techniques are pivotal for optimal data placement across storage devices, thereby enhancing resource utilization and overall system throughput. However, the design of effective partition schemes faces multiple challenges, including considerations of the cluster environment, storage device characteristics, optimization objectives, and the balance between partition quality and computational efficiency. Furthermore, dynamic environments necessitate robust partition detection mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive survey structured around partition deployment environments, outlining the distinguishing features and applicability of various partitioning strategies while delving into how these challenges are addressed. We discuss partitioning features pertaining to database schema, table data, workload, and runtime metrics. We then delve into the partition generation process, segmenting it into initialization and optimization stages. A comparative analysis of partition generation and update algorithms is provided, emphasizing their suitability for different scenarios and optimization objectives. Additionally, we illustrate the applications of partitioning in prevalent database products and suggest potential future research directions and solutions. This survey aims to foster the implementation, deployment, and updating of high-quality partitions for specific system scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue phosphorene (BlueP), a theoretically proposed phosphorous allotrope with buckled honeycomb lattice, has attracted considerable interest due to its intriguing properties. Introducing chirality into BlueP can further enrich its physical and chemical properties, expanding its potential for applications. However, the synthesis of chiral BlueP remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the growth of large-area BlueP films on Cu(111), with lateral size limited by the wafer dimensions. Importantly, we discovered that the BlueP is characterized by an ultraflat honeycomb lattice, rather than the prevailing buckled structure, and develops highly ordered spatial chirality plausibly resulting from the rotational stacking with the substrate and interface strain release, as further confirmed by the geometric phase analysis. Moreover, spectroscopic measurements reveal its intrinsic metallic nature and different characteristic quantum oscillations in the image-potential states, which can be exploited for a range of potential applications including polarization optics, spintronics, and chiral catalysis.Blue phosphorene (BlueP) is a 2D phosphorus allotrope predicted to host Dirac fermions and other interesting electronic properties. Here, the authors report the growth of large-area BlueP films with ordered chiral nanostructures on Cu(111) substrates, expanding the range of its potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixture of lignite (HM) and oil shale organic matter (OS), which was prepared from Huadian oil shale treated using acids, was copyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor at the temperatures of 350‒500°C. Gas chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the pyrolysis products. The results showed that the experimental yields of solid product and hydrogen obtained from the copyrolysis were higher than the theoretical values, respectively. The in situ FT-IR results showed that the emissions of ‒OH, aliphatic C‒Hx, and C–O groups for HM, OS, and their mixture all increased with increasing temperature. Moreover, a microscopic description of the low-temperature pyrolysis of HM and OS is provided. OS contains a large content of aliphatic compounds that can produce enough H radicals to bind to the H-poor radicals produced from HM. The coupling of these two free radicals resulted in a decrease in the yield of H2, while an increase in the yield of solid product was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacterial strain, Gram staining positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with flagellum and endospore-forming, designated strain YIM B05605T, was isolated from soil sampled in Hamazui hot springs, Tengchong City, Yunnan province, China. Optimum growth for the strain occurred at pH 7.0 and 45 °C. MK-7 was the main menaquinone in the strain YIM B05605T. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), unidentified glycolipid (GL), three unknown aminophospholipids (APLs) and unidentified polarlipid (PL) were part of the polar lipid profile. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The DNA G + C content of the type strain was 58.76%. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strain YIM B05605T formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus Cohnella. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strain YIM B05605T with the most related species C. fontinalis YT-1101T were 73.42% and 15.7%. Functional analysis by NR, Swiss-prot, Pfam, eggNOG, GO, KEGG databases revealed that strain YIM B05605T has 13 genes related to the sulfur cycle, 2 genes related to the nitrogen cycle. Based on phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain YIM B05605T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella caldifontis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM B05605T (= CGMCC 1.60052T = KCTC 43462T = NBRC 115921T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a low-temperature slow pyrolysis treatment (LTSPT) to improve the caking property of Shenmu long flame coal (SMCY). To reveal the factors affecting the caking property of SMCY, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometric were used to analyze the changes in the chemical properties of the pyrolysis products. The results showed that LTSPT could significantly improve the caking index of SMCY, and it increased with the increase in temperature. LTSPT could decrease the content of oxygen; therefore, the consumption of hydrogen decreased, indicating that the increased hydrogen radicals can be produced, which serve as stabilizers for the aromatic radicals generated from coal pyrolysis. As a result, relatively high-molecular weight aromatic free radicals are inhibited from cross-linking into semi-coke. On the other hand, SMCY with a suitable upgrading degree possessed a suitable content of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are precursors of caking components. The combined effects of the abovementioned two factors led to the increase in caking index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the molecular structure characteristics of the caking components in coal, three coals with different ranks were treated using a new synthetic ionic liquid (i.e., [N4441][NO3]), the combination of which is based on the effect degree of different anions and cations of ionic liquids on the caking properties of the coals. Additionally, the raw and treated coals were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman. The results showed that the caking index (G) values of the coals decreased after [N4441][NO3] treatment, and the destruction degree decreased with increasing coal rank. The decrease in G is related to the removal of some species during [N4441][NO3] treatment. FTIR and Raman showed that aromatics with 3 or more rings but less than that in graphite and long-chain aliphatics were removed. XRD showed that [N4441][NO3] treatment decreased the graphitization degrees of the coals. Additionally, a mechanism of destroying the caking property of coal using [N4441][NO3] is proposed. [N4441][NO3] treatment could decrease the contents of aromatics with 3 or more rings but less than that in graphite and long-chain aliphatics. Consequently, the caking property of coal is destroyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconductors with reduced dimensionality have been widely explored for their exotic superconducting behaviors. Especially, at the two-dimensional limit, two-monolayer Pb films with two types of structures provide an ideal platform to unveil the underlying superconducting mechanism [Science324, 1314 (2009)]. Here, by combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with the first-principle calculations, we successfully identify that these two types have different atomic lattice structures with varying stacking phases, which further enables us to calculate the phonon spectrum and electron phonon coupling strength of each type. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the superconducting transition temperatures (Tc), which established a correlation between atomic structures and superconductivity. Moreover, it was observed that the higher Tc of these two types also possess higher out-of-plane upper critical magnetic fields (Hc2). These findings will provide important new insights into two-dimensional superconductivity at the atomic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local differential privacy (LDP) approaches to collecting sensitive information for frequent itemset mining (FIM) can reliably guarantee privacy. Most current approaches to FIM under LDP add "padding and sampling" steps to obtain frequent itemsets and their frequencies because each user transaction represents a set of items. The current state-of-the-art approach, namely set-value itemset mining (SVSM), must balance variance and bias to achieve accurate results. Thus, an unbiased FIM approach with lower variance is highly promising. To narrow this gap, we propose an Item-Level LDP frequency oracle approach, named the Integrated-with-Hadamard-Transform-Based Frequency Oracle (IHFO). For the first time, Hadamard encoding is introduced to a set of values to encode all items into a fixed vector, and perturbation can be subsequently applied to the vector. An FIM approach, called optimized united itemset mining (O-UISM), is proposed to combine the padding-and-sampling-based frequency oracle (PSFO) and the IHFO into a framework for acquiring accurate frequent itemsets with their frequencies. Finally, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that O-UISM significantly outperforms the extant approaches in finding frequent itemsets and estimating their frequencies under the same privacy guarantee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assembly of cluster-based π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks presents daunting challenges, including the design of suitable cluster building units, control of the sufficient C-H···π interactions, trade-off between structural dynamics and stability as well as understanding the resulting collective properties. Herein, we report a cluster-based C-H···π interaction-stacked porous supramolecular framework, namely, Cu12a-π, consisting of Cu12 nanocluster as a 6-connected node, which is further propagated to a dynamic porous supramolecular frameworks via dense intralayer C-H···π interactions, yielding permanent porosity. In addition, Cu12a-π can be transformed into cluster-based nonporous adaptive crystals (Cu12b-NACs) via ligand-exchange following a dissociation-reassembly mechanism. Moreover, Cu12a-π can efficiently remove 97.2% of iodine from saturated iodine aqueous solutions with a high uptake capacity of 2.96 g·g−1. These prospective results positioned at cluster-based porous supramolecular framework and enlighten follow-up researchers to design and synthesize such materials with better performance. The assembly of cluster-based π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks presents daunting challenges. Here, the authors report a dynamic and transformable supramolecular framework based on Cu12 cluster and C-H···π-stacking with permanent porosity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The actual positive rate of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections remains unclear. This review and meta-analysis present the prevalence of positive IGRAs (T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON [QFT] tests) among patients infected with NTM isolates (with or without ESAT-6/CFP-10). Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched (until June 18th, 2022). Studies that had the following data were included: (1) results of T-SPOT.TB, QuantiFERON (QFT) test, or both, (2) NTM species, and (3) NTM diseases, or NTM colonization. The metaprop command that incorporates a Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation is used for pooling proportions. Results: A total of 11 articles (n = 929) were deemed eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis identified that the overall pooled positive and indeterminate rates of IGRA results in patients with NTM infections was 16% and 5%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the positive rate of IGRAs in patients infected with NTM (without ESAT-6/CFP-10) was 7% (95% CI, 1%-18%), and 44% (95%CI, 22%-68%) in patients infected with NTM (with ESAT-6/CFP-10). In addition, the indeterminate rate of QFT (7%, 95% CI: 4%-12%) was higher than that of T-SPOT.TB (0%; 95% CI, 0%-2%) among the overall population with NTM infections. Conclusions: The IGRAs have a moderate positive rate for the diagnosis of NTM (expressing ESAT-6/CFP-10) infections, and a significant indeterminate rate is observed among the overall population infected with NTM. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because of the high heterogeneity among studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To upgrading the caking property of Shenhua long-flame coal (SH), imidazole ionic liquids (IILs) were used. SH and the treated samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy to reveal the upgrading mechanism. The results showed that IILs treatment could improve the caking property of SH. When exploring the effects of IILs with different chain lengths on the caking property of SH, it was found that the caking index of the treated samples first increased and then decreased with increasing chain length, and [C5MIM]Cl treatment exhibited the best modification effect among all IILs used. Additionally, an upgrading mechanism of caking property of SH using IILs is proposed. IILs treatment could increase the content of small aromatics with 3–5 rings and decreased the length of side chain alkanes and oxygen content, which could increase the caking property of SH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the topological organization of whole-brain functional networks in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and characterize the relationship of these alterations with pain characteristics. Methods: Thirty-three CLBP patients and 34 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent fMRI scans. A graph-theoretical approach was applied to identify brain network changes in patients suffering from chronic low back pain given its nonspecific etiology and complexity. Graph theory-based analysis was used to construct functional connectivity matrices and extract the features of small-world networks of the brain in both groups. Then, the whole-brain functional connectivity differences were characterized by network-based statistics (NBS) analysis, and the relationship between the altered brain features and clinical measures was explored. Results: At the global level, patients with CLBP showed significantly decreased gamma, sigma, global efficiency, and local efficiency and increased lambda and shortest path length compared with HCs. At the regional level, there were deficits in nodal efficiency within the default mode network and salience network. NBS analysis demonstrated that decreased functional connectivity was present in the CLBP patients, mainly in the frontolimbic circuit and temporal regions. Furthermore, aspects of topological dysfunctions in CLBP were correlated with pain severity. Conclusion: This study highlighted the aberrant topological organization of functional brain networks in CLBP, which may shed light on the pathophysiology of CLBP and support the development of pain management approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two-dimensional magnets have been discovered recently as a new class of quantum matter exhibiting a broad wealth of exotic phenomena, including notably various topological excitations rooted in emergent exchange couplings between the localized magnetic moments. By analyzing the anisotropies in the single-ion magnetization and two-body exchange couplings obtained from first-principles calculations, we reveal coexistence of both giant Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and strong anisotropic XXZ-type biquadratic coupling in a recently predicted monolayer CrMnI6 magnet. The former is induced by the spontaneous in-plane inversion symmetry breaking in the bipartite system, the latter is inherently tied to the distinct high-spin state of the Mn sublattice, while the large magnitudes of both stem from the significant spin-orbit coupling. Next, we use atomistic magnetics simulations to demonstrate the vital role of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in harboring topological bimeronic excitations, and show that the biquadratic coupling favors a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless-like transition as the system reduces its temperature from the paramagnetic phase. These findings substantially enrich our understanding of the microscopic couplings in 2D magnets, with appealing application potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past fifteen years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to realizing topological superconductivity in realistic materials and systems, predominately propelled by their promising application potentials in fault-tolerant quantum information processing. In this article, we attempt to give an overview on some of the main developments in this field, focusing in particular on two-dimensional crystalline superconductors that possess either intrinsic p-wave pairing or nontrivial band topology. We first classify the three different conceptual schemes to achieve topological superconductor (TSC), enabled by real-space superconducting proximity effect, reciprocal-space superconducting proximity effect, and intrinsic TSC. Whereas the first scheme has so far been most extensively explored, the subtle difference between the other two remains to be fully substantiated. We then move on to candidate intrinsic or p-wave superconductors, including Sr2RuO4,UTe2,Pb3Bi, and graphene-based systems. For TSC systems that rely on proximity effects, the emphases are mainly on the coexistence of superconductivity and nontrivial band topology, as exemplified by transition metal dichalcogenides, cobalt pnictides, and stanene, all in monolayer or few-layer regime. The review completes with discussions on the three dominant tuning schemes of strain, gating, and ferroelectricity in acquiring one or both essential ingredients of the TSC, and optimizations of such tuning capabilities may prove to be decisive in our drive towards braiding of Majorana zero modes and demonstration of topological qubits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt pnictides have been theoretically proposed to be attractive candidates for high-temperature superconductors. Additionally, monolayered CoX (X = As, Sb, Bi) on SrTiO3 systems present a potential new platform for realizing topological superconductors in the two-dimensional limit, due to their nontrivial band topology. To this end, we have successfully fabricated high-quality CoBi nanoislands on SrTiO3 (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy followed by an investigation of their atomic structure and electronic properties via in situ scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. Beyond the previously predicted lattice with a = b = 3.5 Å, 2 × 1 dimer row was observed in this study. Furthermore, our results reveal that the topography of CoBi islands is strongly influenced by various growth conditions, such as substrate temperature, the flux ratio between Co and Bi, and the annealing process. This study paves the way for further explorations of the superconductivity and topological properties of cobalt pnictide systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound B 3 b exhibited antifungal activity against I F. solani i at MIC 64 g/mL; compound B 4 b exhibited antifungal activity against I A. panax i and I F. solani i at MICs of 32 and 64 g/mL, respectively. Subfraction 2.1 was separated by semipreparative reverse-phase HPLC using CH SB 3 sb CN-H SB 2 sb O, from 20:80 to 80:20 as the mobile phase to yield compounds B 1 b (5 mg), B 3 b (15 mg), and B 4 b (10 mg). The results indicated that among the test compounds B 1-5 b , compound B 1 b exhibited antifungal activity against I F. solani i at the MIC 64 g/mL; compound B 2 b displayed antifungal activity against I P. cucumerina i , I F. oxysporum i , I F. solani i , and I A. panax i at MICs of 32, 64, 64 and 64 g/mL, respectively. [Extracted from the article]

Neuropeptides are ubiquitous intercellular signaling molecules in the CNS and play diverse roles in modulating physiological functions by acting on specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among them, the elevenin signaling system is now believed to be present primarily in protostomes. Although elevenin was first identified from the L11 neuron of the abdominal ganglion in mollusc Aplysia californica, no receptors have been described in Aplysia, nor in any other molluscs. Here, using two elevenin receptors in annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we found three putative elevenin GPCRs in Aplysia. We cloned the three receptors and tentatively named them apElevR1, apElevR2, and apElevR3. Using an inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation assay, we demonstrated that Aplysia elevenin with the disulfide bond activated the three putative receptors with low EC50 values (ranging from 1.2 to 25 nM), supporting that they are true receptors for elevenin. In contrast, elevenin without the disulfide bond could not activate the receptors, indicating that the disulfide bond is required for receptor activity. Using alanine substitution of individual conserved residues other than the two cysteines, we showed that these residues appear to be critical to receptor activity, and the three different receptors had different sensitivities to the single residue substitution. Finally, we examined the roles of those residues outside the disulfide bond ring by removing these residues and found that they also appeared to be important to receptor activity. Thus, our study provides an important basis for further study of the functions of elevenin and its receptors in Aplysia and other molluscs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction : Limited cross-sectional or case–control studies have identified the relationship between basilar artery (BA) curvature and posterior circulation infarction (PCI). This study aimed to identify the influence of BA curvature severity on the risk of PCI occurrence in patients without vertebrobasilar stenosis through a prospective cohort study. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 171 patients with BA dolichosis but without vertebrobasilar stenosis. The BA geometric parameters were evaluated on MRA. The primary outcome was the occurrence of PCI, mainly referring to cerebellar and/or brainstem infarction. Cox proportional hazard models were used to detect possible predictors of PCI. Results: Among them, 134 (78.4%) patients were diagnosed with BA curvature, including 124 with moderate curvature and 10 with prominent curvature. The defined PCI occurrence was observed in 32 (18.7%) patients with a median follow-up time of 45.6 months. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that BA prominent curvature (HR = 6.09; 95% CI: 1.36–27.28; P = 0.018) significantly increased the risk of PCI occurrence, and bending length (BL) was also significantly associated with PCI occurrence, with the adjusted HR per 1-mm increase of BL of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01–1.18; P = 0.040). In the subgroup analysis stratified by age, BA prominent curvature was highly associated with PCI occurrence in patients aged > 61 years (HR = 11.76; 95% CI: 1.21–113.90; P = 0.033). Additionally, good antiplatelet therapy adherence could significantly reduce the risk of PCI occurrence. Conclusion: BA curvature may increase the risk of PCI occurrence, especially in elderly patients with prominent curvature. Improving adherence to antiplatelet therapy can help reduce the risk of PCI occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Indonesian lignite (IN) was hydrothermally treated at 150–250°C for 20 min and the treated samples were mixed with different amounts of different chain alkanes. The water re-adsorption tests were measured using a desiccator method. To reveal the mechanism of chain alkanes restraining water re-adsorption of lignite, the changes in some physicochemical properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, N2 adsorption-desorption, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the water re-adsorption contents of all samples decreased with increasing content of chain alkanes; this is because the addition of chain alkanes could cover some oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of lignite and block partial pores in lignite, which became much obvious with increasing amount of chain alkanes. Moreover, the water re-adsorption content first increased and then decreased as the chain length of alkanes increased, and octane showed the optimum effect on restraining water re-adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To explore the effects of acid treatment on the physicochemical properties of Huadian oil shale (OS), low-temperature nitrogen gas adsorption (LTN2GA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis were used to analyze OS and the acid-treated OS (OSA). LTN2GA showed that acid treatment promoted the formation of mesopores and increased the pore connectivity of OS. SEM showed the acid treatment increased the surface roughness of OS. From XRD analysis, most quartz, corundum, and calcite were removed from OS caused by acid treatment. According to the FT-IR analysis, the content of carboxylic acid in OS increased after acid treatment. EPR showed that the concentration of free radicals in OS decreased after acid treatment because of the removal of transition metal free radicals. The TG results showed acid treatment increased the pyrolysis intensity of OS. Overall, acid treatment can effectively remove minerals, and its effects on organic matter were not obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Indonesian lignite (IN) was hydrothermally treated at 100–250°C for 20 min. The changes in some physicochemical properties caused by hydrothermal treatment (HT) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and N2 adsorption-desorption methods. The effects of HT on pyrolysis performance were studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) gradually decomposed with increasing HT temperature. The pore volume first decreased and then increased with the increase in HT temperature. With increasing HT temperature, the maximum pyrolysis rate and final weight loss both decreased. The pyrolysis activation energy increased with increasing HT temperature. The changes in pyrolysis performance can be attributed to the competition between the increase in pore volume and the removal of OCFGs. In summary, pyrolysis reactivity of IN decreased caused by HT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacterial strain, Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, designated YIM B00624T which was isolated from a Hamazui hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The strain grew well on International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 2 medium and colonies were creamy yellow, flat and circular. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM B00624T was closely related to the type strain of Paenibacillus filicis S4T (95.9%). The main menaquinone of strain YIM B00624T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C16:0. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and four unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM B00624T was 53.4 mol%. Based on physiological, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM B00624T belongs to a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hamazuiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00624T (= CGMCC 1.19245T = KCTC 43365T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common malignancy in Head and neck cancer for which the mechanism underlying its metastasis is poorly understood. Myosin X, a molecular motor in cells has been demonstrated to play an important role in cell migration. However, whether Myosin X is involved in the metastasis of LSCC remains unclear. To investigate the expression of Myosin X and its implication in the metastasis of LSCC, we recruited 30 patients with LSCC and 6 patients with vocal cord polyp range from October 2016 to October 2018. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery and the expression of Myosin X, Cortactin, MMP2, MMP9, E-cadherin, and β-catenin in tissue samples were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry or ELISA. Patients with LSCC were further followed-up 2 year after surgery for metastasis analysis. We found that the level of Myosin X, Cortactin, MMP2, and MMP9 was much higher in poorly differentiated LSCC compared to that in moderately and highly LSCC, as well as the control tissues. In contrast, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related marker, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, were much lower in poorly differentiated LSCC tissues compared to that in moderately and highly differentiated LSCC tissues, as well as the control tissues. Moreover, the expression of Myosin X was positively correlated with Cortactin, MMP2, and MMP9 levels. Increased expression of Myosin X in LSCC tissues was related to higher risk of metastasis. In conclusion, our findings showed that. Myosin X augments the expression of Cortactin, MMP2 and MMP9, which could upregulate the cell migration and the matrix degradation, and consequently reduce the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, thereby activating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and promoting the metastasis of LSCC. Targeting Myosin X may have potential therapeutic effect in the metastasis of LSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The catalytic carbon dioxide gasification of fly ash produced during the coal gasification of fluidized bed was studied by thermal gravimetric analyzer using K2CO3 as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, K2CO3 loading method and K2CO3 loading amount on catalytic carbon dioxide gasification of fly ash were investigated. The dynamics of catalytic carbon dioxide gasification of fly ash was carried out by the shrinking core model and the dynamic parameters were calculated. The results show that the carbon conversion of the fly ash increases with the increase of reaction temperature. The difference between the carbon conversions of fly ash gasifying at adjacent temperatures decreases with the increase of gasification temperature. The carbon conversion of fly ash loaded K2CO3 increases with the increase of K2CO3 loading amount compared with the fly ash without catalyst. The higher the gasification temperature, the closer the gasification results when K2CO3 loading amount is 10 and 15%. The carbon conversions of fly ash with catalyst by impregnation method are higher than those loaded catalyst by mechanical mixing method at the same gasification temperature and gasifying for the same time. However, the high the temperature, the smaller the results difference between the fly ash loaded catalysts by different methods. The activation energy of the gasification reaction decreases with the increase of K2CO3 loading amount, and the activation energy of the samples with catalyst by mechanical mixing method is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used low-temperature rapid pyrolysis (LTRP) treatment under CO2 atmosphere to upgrade the caking and coking properties of Shenmu subbituminous coal (SM). Some physicochemical properties of all samples were studied. The modification mechanism was explored according to elemental, FT-IR, oxygen-containing functional group, and vitrinite reflectance analyses. The treated samples were also used for coal-blending coking. Coking indices (mechanical strength, coke reactivity index (CRI), and coke strength after reaction (CSR)) were also evaluated. The results showed that LTRP treatment greatly improved the caking and coking properties of SM, and the optimum temperature was 450°C. The thermal shock of LTRP treatment weakens the molecular structure of coal, which is conducive to the effusion of small molecules in coal; therefore, the precursors of caking components increase. In addition, a relatively high temperature could remove some oxygen-containing functional groups and reduce their negative effects on caking property; some compounds with suitable molecular structures were therefore formed, increasing the production of metaplast. The crucible coking experiments showed that the changes in CRI and CSR between the cokes prepared from the blends with and without the upgraded SM treated at 450°C were slightly, confirming the feasibility of applying the modified SM in coal-blending coking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to establish and validate an effective nomogram to predict the risk of cardiotoxicity in children after each anthracycline treatment. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the eligible children were randomly divided into the training cohort (75%) and the validation cohort (25%). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select the predictors and a nomogram was developed. Then, concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer–Lemeshow (H–L) test, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate the performance and clinical utility of nomogram. Internal validation was processed to inspect the stability of the model. A total of 796 eligible children were included in this study and divided into a training set (n = 597) and a validation set (n = 199). LASSO regression analysis revealed that cumulative anthracycline dose, ejection fractions, NT-proBNP, and diastolic dysfunction were effective predictors of cardiotoxicity. The nomogram was established based on these variables. The C-index and the AUC of the predicting nomogram were 0.818 in the training cohort and 0.773 in the validation cohort, suggesting that the nomogram had good discrimination. The calibration curve of the nomogram presented no significant deviation from the reference line, and the P-value of the H–L test was 0.283, implying a preferable degree of calibration. The threshold of DCA also reflects that the nomogram is clinically useful. A nomogram was developed to predict anthracycline chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in children with hematological tumors. The nomogram has a good prediction effect and can provide a reference for clinicians' diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal stability of carbon based materials is crucial to their catalytic performance in oxidative dehydrogenation at high temperature. This work aims at exploring the mechanism for B doping to improve thermal stability and catalytic performance of N, B co-doped carbon (HC-N-B) for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO2, which was prepared by using humic acids (HAs) extracted from Sheng Li lignite. Porous carbon (HC) from humic acids has low thermal stability in CO2 and N-doping resulted in the decreased thermal stability of HC. Interestingly, B doping HC-N showed very high thermal stability in CO2 (almost no weight-loss). Thus, HC-N-B could be used as considerable stable carbon catalysts with high catalytic activity for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO2. Compared to porous carbon (HC) and N-doping porous carbon (HC-N) from HAs, the HC-N-B could remain the high catalytic dehydrogenation activity in 5 h. It was found that B doping on the defect structure in carbon skeleton structure of the HC-N could greatly increase the thermal stability of surface defects of N-doped porous carbon in CO2, and molecular simulation calculation results further confirmed that the existence of C-N-B and BC3 structure in the carbon skeleton defects could act as catalytic active sites in dehydrogenation reaction, which could slightly enhance the catalytic activity of the HC-N-B and largely improved its catalytic stability of the HC-N-B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysfunction of the cingulo-frontal-parietal (CFP) cognitive attention network has been associated with the pathophysiology of chronic low back pain (cLBP). However, the direction of information processing within this network remains largely unknown. We aimed to study the effective connectivity among the CFP regions in 36 cLBP patients and 36 healthy controls by dynamic causal modeling (DCM). Both the resting-state and task-related (Multi-Source Interference Task, MSIT) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected and analyzed. The relationship between the effective connectivity of the CFP regions and clinical measures was also examined. Our results suggested that cLBP had significantly altered resting-state effective connectivity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-to-mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) (increased) and MCC-to-left superior parietal cortex (LPC) (decreased) pathways as compared with healthy controls. MSIT-related DCM suggested that the interference task could significantly increase the effective connectivity of the right superior parietal cortex (RPC)-to-PFC and RPC-to-MCC pathways in cLBP than that in healthy controls. The control task could significantly decrease the effective connectivity of the MCC-to-LPC and MCC-to-RPC pathways in cLBP than that in healthy controls. The endogenous connectivity of the PFC-to-RPC pathway in cLBP was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. No significant correlations were found between the effective connectivity within CFP networks and pain/depression scores in patients with cLBP. In summary, our findings suggested altered effective connectivity in multiple pathways within the CFP network in both resting-state and performing attention-demanding tasks in patients with cLBP, which extends our understanding of attention dysfunction in patients with cLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been widely recognized that, based on standard density functional theory calculations of the electron-phonon coupling, the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) in bulk FeSe is exceptionally low (almost 0 K) within the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer formalism. Yet the experimentally observed Tc is much higher (∼10 K), and the underlying physical origin remains to be fully explored, especially at the quantitative level. Here we present the first accurate determination of Tc in FeSe where the correlation-enhanced electron-phonon coupling is treated within first-principles dynamical mean-field theory. Our studies treat both the multiple electronic bands across the Fermi level and phononic bands, and reveal that all the optical phonon modes are effectively coupled with the conduction electrons, including the important contributions of a single breathing mode as established by previous experiments. Accordingly, each of those phonon modes contributes pronouncedly to the electron pairing, and the resultant Tc is drastically enhanced to the experimentally observed range. The approach developed here should be broadly applicable to other superconducting systems where correlation-enhanced electron-phonon coupling plays an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the coking mechanism, the physical extension of the metaplast during the thermoplastic phase will directly affect the pore and pore wall structures of the coke, however, there was no corresponding thermoplastic characteristic expressing this property. In this paper, several strongly caking coals were selected as samples. It was found that the morphologies of the resulting coking products with a similar rank can be divided into expansion and spreading morphology through a crucible carbonization test for vitrinite particles, which verified the difference of metaplast physical extension during thermoplastic phase. This study proposed a new thermoplastic property, i.e., surface tension of metaplast, and considered it was the internal factor affecting the degree of physical extension. The surface tensions of metaplast for different strongly caking coals were characterized through mobility and ductility experiments, the results showed that metaplast with a lower surface tension would perform a higher mobility and a ductility. To studied the effects of metaplast surface tension on the structure of coke, a carbonized test was carried out. The result suggested that strongly caking coals with a low surface tension was likely to form a coke structure with a higher porosity, larger average pore diameter, and higher proportion of thinner pore walls, indicating that the ratio of strongly caking coal with a low surface tension to coal blending should be minimized. Moreover, through the study of the conventional thermoplastic index for different strongly caking coals, it could simply judge the difference of metaplast surface tension by its logMF/TD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main failure mode of a wheel–axle assembly, which is an important moving part of rail vehicles, in the interference fit zone is partial fatigue. Given that neither the plane analytical method nor the axisymmetric finite element method can reveal the local and stochastic contact stress concentration at the end of the wheel seat, this study analyzed various factors influencing a machined mating surface and found that the cylindricity error is a key factor in transforming the plane contact into a 3D contact. In addition, the experimental data of the pressing force applied to 60 groups of wheel–axle assemblies were analyzed, and the circumferential contour of the mating surface was found to conform to a beta distribution. Accordingly, a method for obtaining random interpolation points on the circumferential contour was proposed. To ensure the continuity of the mating surface, the circumferential Hermite interpolation method and the axial cubic interpolation method were employed, and the contact surface with random characteristics was modeled. Based on the random ergodicity of the mating surface, a small-sample 3D finite element model of a wheel–axle assembly was established using the random cylindricity error, and a calculation method for the 3D contact stress was proposed. Taking the RE2B axle of railway locomotive as an example, compared with the axisymmetric method, the inhomogeneity analysis of the contact stress of the small-sample model proposed in this paper could help explain the problem of local stress concentration at the end of the wheel seat. The analysis results showed that the maximum stress of the 3D model based on the cylindricity is greater than that of the axisymmetric model, enabling strength evaluation in the design of wheel–axle assemblies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Retraction Note: A Luminescent Zn(II)-Organic Framework: Selective Sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and Curing Importance Combined with Ginsenoside on Sepsis Mice" has been retracted by the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher of the Journal of Cluster Science. The retraction was prompted by evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication process, including issues with citations, phrasing, figures, and ethics approval statements. The authors have not responded to correspondence regarding the retraction. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral in terms of jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Panax notoginseng is an important traditional medicinal plant, but the commercial value is threatened by root-rot disease caused by rhizosphere microbes and a potential health risk caused by plant arsenic (As) accumulation. Whether rhizospheric microbes isolated from P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil could impact As uptake and transport into P. notoginseng is not yet known. Among the three root-rot disease-causing pathogens Fusarium flocciferum (PG 1), Fusarium oxysporum (PG 2), and Fusarium solani (PG 3) and one root-rot disease biocontrol fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis (FC 1) and five biocontrol-exerting bacterial species Bacillus siamensis (BC 1), Delftia acidovorans (BC 2), Brevibacillus formosus (BC 3), Mortierella alpine (BC 4), and Bacillus subtilis (BC 5), one As-resistant pathogen and four biocontrol microorganisms with As-resistant ability were identified. The As-transforming ability of the identified fungi and bacteria was ranked in the order of FC 1 > PG 1 and BC 2 > BC 3 > BC 1, respectively. Then, the As-resistant biocontrol and pathogenic microbes were initiated to colonize the rhizosphere of 1-year-old P. notoginseng seedlings growing in artificially As(V)-contaminated soil to evaluate the impact of microbe inoculation on P. notoginseng As uptake and transport capacity. Concentration of As in P. notoginseng tissues decreased in the order of the sequence stem > root > leaf. Compared to treatment without colonization by microorganism, inoculation with microorganisms increased As root uptake efficiency and root As concentration, especially under treatment of inoculation by BC 2 and PG 1 + BC 2. As transport efficiency from root to stem decreased by inoculation with microorganism, especially under treatment with inoculation of BC 2 and PG 1 + BC 2. However, the impact of microorganism colonization on As stem to leaf transport efficiency was not obvious. In summary, inoculation with rhizosphere microbes may increase As accumulation in P. notoginseng root, especially when using bacteria with high As transformation ability. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the As transformation capacity before applying biological control microorganism to the rhizosphere of P. notoginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2-based materials have been considered as one of most promising alternatives for high-performance Li(Na)-ion batteries because of the low cost, simple composition, easy synthesis, good environmental protection, excellent safety and relatively high specific capacity. Nonetheless, the inferior electronic conductivity and poor ion diffusion coefficients are the biggest bottlenecks that restrict the popular application. Much effort has been focused on resolving these problems toward large-scale applications, and numerous significant advances have been accomplished. In the present work, a comprehensive overview of structure characteristics, electrochemical reaction mechanism and modification strategies of TiO2-based materials was presented. The recent advances of various efficient ways for improving conductivity, Li(Na) storage capacity, rate capability and cycle stability are systematically summarized, including surface engineering, constructing composite and element doping, etc. Constructing TiO2-based materials with novel porous heterogeneous core–shell structures have been regarded as one of the most effective ways to resolve these challenges. Finally, the future research directions and development prospects of TiO2-based anode materials used in the manufacture of high-performance Li(Na)-ion batteries are prospected. This review can provide important comprehension for the construction and optimization of high-performance of TiO2-based anode materials. 摘要: TiO2 基材料因其成本低、组成简单、易合成、环保、安全性好、相对较高的比容量等优点, 被认为是高性能锂(钠)离子电池最有希望的替代材料之一。然而, 较低的电子电导率和较差的离子扩散系数是限制其广泛应用的最大瓶颈。为了解决这些大规模应用问题, 人们付出了大量的努力, 并取得了许多重大进展。本文综述了TiO2 基材料的结构特点、电化学反应机理和性能改性策略, 系统总结了近年来提高电导率、储锂(钠)容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性的各种有效途径, 包括表面工程、构建复合材料和元素掺杂等。其中, 构建新型多孔异质核壳结构的TiO2 基材料被认为是解决这些挑战的最有效途径之一。最后, 展望了用于高性能锂(钠)离子电池用TiO2 基负极材料的未来研究方向和发展前景。本文为高性能TiO2 基负极材料的构建和优化提供了重要的参考依据。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]