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Purpose: The conventional alveoloplasty approach which uses manual equipment results in more resorption of the underlying alveolar ridge that makes denture prosthesis unstable. The goal of this study was to compare results of piezosurgery alveoloplasty to those of conventional alveoloplasty. Materials and Methods: This was an in-vivo comparative study consisting of ten edentulous individuals who needed alveoloplasty due to bilateral bony projection. On one side, a conventional alveoloplasty was performed with a bone rongeur and bone file, whereas the contralateral side was treated with a piezosurgery unit. The clinical parameters were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software including operating time, postoperative pain evaluation on day 3 and a healing on day 7. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of outcome variables such as operating time, pain and healing. The Conventional group has a lower mean of operating time, a higher mean rank of VAS and a lower mean rank of healing index compared to the piezosurgery group. Conclusion: Piezosurgery alveoloplasty not only lowers postoperative patient discomfort but also preserves alveolar bone integrity by not disrupting soft and hard tissue architecture thus allowing faster tissue healing and easier prosthesis replacement in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We conducted a phase 1 dose escalation study (ACTRN12618000140257 registered on 30/01/2018) to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine (AMV002) in subjects previously treated for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods: Eligible subjects had to have no evidence of recurrent and/or metastatic disease at least 12 weeks following the completion of treatment. Three dosing cohorts each consisted of four subjects: group 1: 0.25 mg/dose, group 2: 1 mg/dose, group 3: 4 mg/dose. AMV002 was delivered intradermally on days 0, 28 and 56. Incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) including local reaction at the injection site, and vaccination compliance were recorded. T cell and antibody responses to HPV16 E6 and E7 were measured by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: All subjects completed the vaccination programme and experienced mild discomfort at the injection site(s). Pre-immunisation, cell-mediated responses to HPV16 E6 and E7 were evident in all subjects, and E7-specific antibodies were detected in 11 (91.7%), reflecting previous exposure to HPV. Post-vaccination, 10 of 12 (83.3%) subjects responded to one or more of the E6 and/or E7 peptide pools, while 2 (16.7%) did not show additional vaccine-induced cell-mediated responses. Vaccination resulted in a ≥ 4-fold increase in anti-HPV16 E7 antibody titre in one subject in group 3. Conclusions: AMV002 was well tolerated at all dose levels and resulted in enhanced specific immunity to virus-derived tumour-associated antigens in subjects previously treated for HPV-associated OPSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of aluminium (Al)-induced alterations on elongating radicles of Cicer arietinum L. were studied in relation to growth and biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Elongating radicles (c. 1 mm) were treated with 0–3 mM aluminium chloride (pH 4.5) for seven days at room temperature (26 ± 2°C). The results indicated that exposure to Al significantly inhibited radicle growth. This growth inhibition was accompanied by excessively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The levels of ROS were significantly positively correlated with Al concentration. Levels of lipid and protein oxidation products increased significantly with an increase in Al concentration, and were significantly positively correlated with ROS levels. On the other hand, Al stress significantly decreased the activities of selected enzymatic antioxidants. Collectively, the results suggest that Al rhizotoxicity in C. arietinum is partially mediated by oxidative stress brought about by excessive ROS production and reduced antioxidant scavenging activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine derivatives has been designed, synthesized and tested for the anti-proliferative activity against three different human cancer cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.35–59.8 μM. Six compounds demonstrate efficient inhibition of growth of all cell lines with IC50 values close to that of standard drug, and the compound 16h is more potent than the standard drug cisplatin for the HeLa cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial Ischemia segmentation is a challenging task for basic and translational research on cardiovascular, as it provides ultimately "realistic" in heart muscle model. The main objective of the research work is to find an efficient segmentation technique for the myocardial ischemia based on the myocardial infarcted MRI data set for the accurate classification of scar volume. The paper will give an insight about the segmentation technique based on myocardial ischemia and discusses essential cellular components. The paper provides an integrated approach which comprises of fuzzy c-means and morphological operations along with median filtering enhancement technique help in detecting the myocardial ischemia. The developed model is tested with 2D and 3D enhanced myocardial ischemia MRI and also with normal heart. The purpose of segmentation in myocardial ischemia is to identify the scar region in the heart. The integrated model is evaluated based on statistical measures and validated based on manual segmentation done by clinical expert. The scar classification is done based on the myocardial ischemia segmentation which leads to better prediction of arrhythmia in heart patient. The integrated model is considered as one of the best model for segmenting myocardial ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel N-{2-fluoro-6-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methyl]phenyl} carboxamide derivatives has been synthesized, and their molecular structures are confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra. Screening of the products for their antitubercular and antibacterial activities indicates the difluoro-4-chlorophenyl and 6-chloropyridine-3-yl derivatives as more potent agents than the reference drugs Pyrazinamide and Streptomycin. All compounds have been docked into MTB enoyl reductase (PDB code: 4U0J) to explore their binding interactions at the active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of urea and thiourea bearing thiophene-2-carboxalate derivatives has been designed against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) active site, synthesized and charecterized by 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra. The compounds have been evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines using the MTT colorimetric assay and doxorubicin as a standard drug. Among the tested compounds, methyl 3-methoxy-4-{4-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)thioureido]phenyl}thiophene-2-carboxylate demonstrates the highest inhibitory activity against MCF-7, K562, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa cell lines. The new molecular structures and their interactions with PNP1B have been evaluated by docking studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a letter to the editor of the journal Hernia, responding to an article titled "Transinguinal preperitoneal (TIPP) vs endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) procedure in unilateral inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial" by Posthuma et al. The letter raises concerns about the study's methodology and conclusions. It argues that the study's primary outcomes are incorrect and that comparing chronic pain rates between the two procedures is flawed due to the use of different prosthetic materials. The letter also points out that differences in wound infection rates and hypoesthesia incidence are inherent to the surgical approaches used in the procedures, making it inappropriate to compare them based on these aspects. Overall, the letter commends the authors for conducting a well-conducted clinical trial. [Extracted from the article]

A novel series of thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives are designed and synthesized, and their structures are confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra. The synthesized compounds are evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity by MTT assay. Among the tested compounds, the derivative with 4-Cl-phenyl ring exhibits potent inhibitory activity against MCF-7, K562, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231. The molecular docking study performed for the synthesized compounds against PTP1B exhibits essential key interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of 2-(4-chlorobenzylamino)-4-(cyclohexylmethylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives are synthesized and their structures are confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, and MS spectral data. The compounds are screened for their antitubercular activity, and those with aryl moiety 7o, 7q, and 7r demonstrate potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Docking studies suggest a mode of interaction of the products with the binding site of enoyl-CoA hydratase demonstrating that the target compounds were potential anti-TB agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present cross sectional study was undertaken to study clinical profile of HIV infection in children in Northern India.Methods: 64 children from newborn to eighteen years, presenting for confirmation of diagnosis of HIV infection or monitoring of CD4-CD8 counts in confirmed cases, were evaluated. Children were categorized as per CDC classification of Pediatric HIV. The diagnosis was confirmed by serological tests or PCR assay. CD4-CD8 counts were done by FACS Count.Results: Majority of the children were between 18 months to 5 years. Adolescents comprised 24% of the case. 51.5% children were infected through the mode of mother to child transmission. 39% of the case was transfusion-mediated. Unsafe medical injections probably contributed to 6.2% and heterosexual promiscuity led to 3.1% cases. Clubbing, not described in Indian studies so far, was seen in 9.3% cases.Conclusions: HIV infection is a chronic childhood disease extending into adolescence, and contaminated blood and unsafe medical injections are still important routes of HIV transmission in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the clinical profile of HIV associated thrombocytopenia, co-relation between thrombocytopenia and immune status and the effect of the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on platelet count. Methods: In this cross sectional retrospective analytical study, records of all children up to 15 y, enrolled at a Pediatric ART Centre during the period 30 Nov. 2006 to 31st Dec. 2009 were reviewed for presence of thrombocytopenia. Clinical course, outcome and their immunological status were analyzed. Results: 34 children (19.6%) out of 173 were found to have thrombocytopenia. After excluding three who had pancytopenia associated thrombocytopenia, records of 31 children (28 M, 3 F) were further studied. Six children (19.4%) presented with bleeding manifestations. The platelet counts ranged between 4x10/L to 140x10/L. No specific co-relation could be made out between platelet count and CD4 counts. The mortality was higher in thrombocytopenic children on ART as compared to children on ART with normal platelet count ( p- < 0.001). Amongst the live children, the platelet counts normalized within 3 mo of ART in 11 (64.7%) while it took 18 mo in three and 30 mo in one case respectively. Twelve children with thrombocytopenia as an incidental finding have shown a good platelet response to ART. Six symptomatic children with thrombocytopenia showed a varied platelet response to ART despite showing a significant increase in the CD4 counts. Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia in HIV infected may be an incidental finding in some children. Thrombocytopenia was found to be a poor prognostic factor and no specific co-relation to immune status was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study design:Pictorial review.Objectives:To illustrate MRI signs of acute and subacute injury with emphasis on evidence-based links to clinical outcome and implications for treatment.Methods:Description of important aspects of MRI techniques and illustration of critical MRI signs important in the assessment of spinal cord injury following trauma, in the acute and subacute stages.Conclusions:Familiarity with cord MRI appearances has an important impact on planning the management of the acutely spinal cord injured patient and also identifying complications in the subacute phase particularly in the presence of neurological deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To check the validity of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) algorithm for young infants (0-2 months). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: The outpatient department and emergency room of a medical college attached hospital. Methods: 419 infants (176 between 0-7 days, 243 between 7 days-2 months) underwent a detailed diagnostic assessment and treatment as per the standard protocol of treating unit. These infants also underwent assessment, classification and identification of treatment as per IMNCI algorithm. The diagnostic and therapeutic agreement between standard protocol and IMNCI was computed to assess the validity of IMNCI algorithm. Results: The IMNCI algorithm performed well in identifying sick young infants with sensitivity of 97%, 94% and 95%, and specificity of 85%, 87% and 87% in 0-7 days, 7 days-2 months and 0-2 months age groups, respectively. The algorithm covered majority (80%) of recorded diagnoses, and could identify bacterial infection with 88.5% sensitivity and 57.4% specificity. Complete diagnostic agreement with gold standard was seen in 50%; overdiagnosis and under diagnosis was seen in 13% and 19%, respectively. Low birthweight and upper respiratory infection were the main reasons for overdiagnosis whereas surgical conditions resulted in under diagnoses in majority. Conclusion: IMNCI algorithm for evaluation and management of young infants has good sensitivity and specificity for referring cases with severe illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mechanisms are involved in glutamate-mediated learning and memory as well as in glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-induced amnesia may arise from glutamatergic excitotoxicity; if so, COX-2 inhibition may attenuate retrograde amnesia with ECT. Wistar rats which received celecoxib (15 mg/kg per day) or vehicle for 18 days were trained for 3 days on a passive avoidance task. On each of the next 3 days, rats which showed perfect learning ( n = 51) received true or sham suprathreshold electroconvulsive shocks (ECS; 60 mC) in a factorial design; daily dosing with drug or vehicle was continued. One day after the last ECS, recall of pre-ECS learning was tested. ECS-treated rats showed impaired recall in the vehicle but not celecoxib group. Celecoxib significantly protected against ECS-induced retrograde amnesia; this benefit was independent of the drug-induced attenuation of ECS seizure duration. Celecoxib may protect against ECS-induced retrograde amnesia by attenuating ECS-induced, COX-2-mediated glutamatergic excitotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cortisol levels rise sharply immediately after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); the resultant stimulation of steroid receptors in the hippocampus may be beneficial or harmful to cognition, depending on the magnitude of the stimulation. Steroid mechanisms may therefore modulate ECT-induced amnesia. Using mifepristone (a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) as a chemical probe, we sought to examine steroid mechanisms in an animal model of ECT-induced retrograde amnesia. Adult, male Wistar rats ( n = 68) trained in a step-through passive-avoidance task were randomized to receive mifepristone (20 or 40 mg kg−1 day−1) or vehicle (control). These treatments were administered 1 day before the electroconvulsive shock (ECS) course and, again, 1 h before each of five once-daily true (30 mC) or sham ECS. Recall of pre-ECS learning was tested 1 day after the last ECS. Relative to sham ECS, true ECS resulted in significant retrograde amnesia in the vehicle group but not in either of the mifepristone groups. In sham ECS-treated animals, mifepristone did not significantly influence recall. In ECS-treated rats, the higher but not the lower dose of mifepristone was associated with significant protection against the retrograde amnesia evident in the vehicle group. Mifepristone administered before the ECT seizure may attenuate ECT-induced retrograde amnesia. This suggests that glucocorticoid mechanisms may contribute to ECT-induced retrograde amnesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study pulmonary function tests (PFT) in multiple transfusion recipient thalassemics, PFTs were done for 30 thalassemics and 20 matched controls. Confirmed cases of thalassemia on regular transfusion therapy were the subject of study. Apart from history and physical examination of the thalassemics, serum ferritin estimation and spirometry were done. Parameters studied included lung volumes—functional residual capacity (FRC), forced vital capacity (FVC), residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC); and flow rates —forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV,), forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV,/FVC), peak expiratory flow 25–75 (PEF 25–75%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco) and arterial blood gas (ABG) were also analysed. The mean height and weight of thalassemics were below that of age matched controls. A restrictive abnormality in PFT was found in 86.6% cases. These patients were found to have a decrease in all the lung volumes namely FVC, FRC, RV and TLC with a proportional decrease in the flow rates, FEV1, PEF 25–75% and PEF with a normal (> 0.75) FEV1/FVC ratio. DLco was decreased in all the patients with restrictive lung disease and fall in DLco showed a good correlation (r = 0.7, P <. 001) with the severity of restrictive disease suggesting that some intrapulmonary pathology is likely to be responsible for the restrictive pattern. None of the cases had an obstructive or mixed pattern of pulmonary dysfunction. No correlation was found between severity of restrictive disease and the serum ferritin levels. A negative correlation with degree of hepatosplenomegaly was found. No correlation was found between severity of the defect and age, number of blood transfusions received and hemoglobin at the time of doing the test. To conclude, restrictive lung disease is the predominant abnormality in multi-transfused thalassemics, which is probably due to pulmonary parenchymal pathology. The abnormality of PFTs is not directly related to iron overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to making norms of renal volume (RV) in Indian children, 240 children (137 boys and 103 girls) below 5 years of age were subjected to sonographic examination in supine position. Left RV in female children increased from 18.04 mm3 in early infancy to 48.36 mm3 in 4-5 year age group. Similar increase was observed in the right RV. There was no significant left vs. right difference in RV in boys and girls (p > 0.05). Similarly, the RV did not differ significantly in both sexes (p > 0.05, in all age groups except 4-5 years, p = 0.04). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of making norms of ultrasonographic renal length in Indian children, 240 children (137 boys and 103 girls) below 5 years of age were subjected to sonographic evaluation in supine position. Left renal length increased from 59.18 mm, in infancy to 81.89 mm between 4-5 years age in female children. Similar increase was observed in male children. There was no statistically significant difference in renal length in boys and girls in various age groups (p 0.05 to 0.1). Right renal length measured 1-3.5 mm than less than the left renal length, and this difference was statistically significant (p 0.05 to 0.0002) in both sexes. Renal length positively correlated to subject's age, length/height, body weight and body surface area in that order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which monitors DDT and its metabolites in the soil of Delhi, India to assess the magnitude of the DDT pollution. It says that the soil samples were collected from 50 selected sites which were surveyed in 1974 for organochloride insecticide residues. It mentions that the soil residues were detected by electron capture gas liquid chromatography. Results show that the soils of Delhi areas are contaminated by DDT and its metabolites.

The article presents a study which monitors the levels of DDT residues in the blood of the residents in Delhi, India. It says that blood samples were collected from 50 volunteers by venipuncture and were stored in 20 millimeter (ml) glass vials. It mentions that the procedures include extraction and quantification by gas liquid chromatography. Results show that total DDT ranged from 0.053 to 0.663 parts per million (ppm) with a 0.301 ppm mean value.

Residues of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites were monitored in leiomyomatous and normal human uterine tissue by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The metabolites detected were: 2,2- bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene ( p,p′-DDE), 2-( o-chlorophenyl)-2-( p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane ( o,p′-DDT), 2,2- bis-( p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane ( p,p′-DDD) and 2,2- bis-( p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane ( p,p′-DDT). Total DDT ranged from 0.245 to 1.982 ppm, with a mean value of 0.845 ppm in leiomyomatous tissue. In normal human uterine tissue, total DDT ranged from 0.030 to 0.282 ppm, with a mean value of 0.103 ppm. Significantly higher levels of DDT and its metabolites in leiomyomatous tissue as compared to normal uterine tissue suggest their involvement in uterine leiomyomas. The data is discussed in the light of existing knowledge on estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and estrogeninfluenced growth of uterine leiomyomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, clinicians rely mostly on population-level treatment effects from RCTs, usually considering the treatment's benefits. This study proposes a process, focused on practical usability, for translating RCT data into personalized treatment recommendations that weighs benefits against harms and integrates subjective perceptions of relative severity. Intensive blood pressure treatment (IBPT) was selected as the test case to demonstrate the suggested process, which was divided into three phases: (1) Prediction models were developed using the Systolic Blood-Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) data for benefits and adverse events of IBPT. The models were externally validated using retrospective Clalit Health Services (CHS) data; (2) Predicted risk reductions and increases from these models were used to create a yes/no IBPT recommendation by calculating a severity-weighted benefit-to-harm ratio; (3) Analysis outputs were summarized in a decision support tool. Based on the individual benefit-to-harm ratios, 62 and 84% of the SPRINT and CHS populations, respectively, would theoretically be recommended IBPT. The original SPRINT trial results of significant decrease in cardiovascular outcomes following IBPT persisted only in the group that received a "yes-treatment" recommendation by the suggested process, while the rate of serious adverse events was slightly higher in the "no-treatment" recommendation group. This process can be used to translate RCT data into individualized recommendations by identifying patients for whom the treatment's benefits outweigh the harms, while considering subjective views of perceived severity of the different outcomes. The proposed approach emphasizes clinical practicality by mimicking physicians' clinical decision-making process and integrating all recommendation outputs into a usable decision support tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kimura's disease is a rare cause of a progressive neck swelling associated with blood and tissue eosinophilia. Though it is a benign disease, however, its unrelating course and unpredictable response to the therapeutic interventions, poses a great challenge to the treating physician, the patients and the caregiver. Here is one such case of Kimura's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in children are reported. Both cases presented with a combination of acute/recurrent respiratory symptoms along with iron deficiency anemia. In one case diagnosis was delayed for 18 months after onset of symptoms. After initial stabilisation with corticosteroid therapy, both cases were put on chloroquine therapy and showed improvement. Various other forms of therapy and outcome are discussed. It is suggested that in cases with recurrent respiratory symptoms, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis should also be considered after excluding infectious etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurological involvement of mumps is commonly restricted to aseptic meningitis. However, rarely mumps is associated with more severe encephalitic illness; other known associations described with mumps are cases of transverse myelitis and Gullain Barre like illness. We report a case of hemiplegia due to mumps parotitis probably caused by involvement of carotid artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]