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The impact of mobile phone addiction (MPA) on college students' sleep quality (SQ) has received increasing attention in recent years. On this basis, the mediating roles of rumination and FOMO (fear of missing out) on MPA and SQ were examined in this study. In a cross-sectional study, preliminary data were gathered via questionnaires from 1401 college students (19.35 ± 0.81) from 5 universities in Jiangxi Province, China. Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, Rumination Response Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale and Sleep Quality Scale were employed in the research. The mediation model was tested using SPSS 26.0, with FOMO and rumination acting as the mediating variables. Between MPA and SQ, rumination and FOMO each had their own unique mediation effect. Furthermore, rumination and FOMO function as a chain of mediators between college students' MPA and SQ. This study provided confirmation and clarification that in college students, the association between MPA and SQ was mediated by rumination and FOMO. This study improves our understanding of MPA, SQ and how MPA may affect SQ in college students. It also shows that the impact of MPA and SQ of college students should be given more consideration by educators, parents, and college students themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photogrammetry is a technique for studying and defining objects' shape, dimension, and position in a three-dimensional space using measurements obtained from two-dimensional photographs. It has gained popularity following the development of computer graphics technologies and has been applied to various branches of medicine. In this study, the authors present a method for low-cost photorealistic documentation of corpses during autopsy using single-camera photogrammetry with a mobile phone. Besides representing the body by demonstrating the injured and non-injured body parts as control, evidencing the body parts on a 3D reconstruction allows easy explanation to nonmedical experts such as lawyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attending health appointments is important for the paediatric population, as it allows for earlier detection of health issues and subsequent necessary treatments. It also ensures timely immunisations while also allowing patients or their parents to raise health concerns. Hence, it is crucial to take steps to ensure that such medical appointments are attended. To evaluate the effectiveness of text message reminders (TMRs) in improving paediatric patients' adherence to their appointments. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The search spanned across eight online databases from their inception dates to January 2024. The random-effects model was utilised to conduct the meta-analysis, where risk ratio was used as the effect measure. Subgroup analyses were conducted for age, number of TMRs sent, and type of appointments attended. In total, 13 studies were included. Compared to standard care (involving non-text message reminders or no reminders), TMRs were significantly more effective in improving appointment attendance among the paediatric population. Significant subgroup differences were found in the type of appointments attended, where TMRs were more effective for medical appointments compared to vaccination appointments. No differences in adherence to appointments were found across age groups or the number of TMRs sent. Conclusion: Sending TMRs can be a potentially cost-effective way to improve the attendance rate of paediatric medical appointments, given the ease of implementation and the extensive mobile phone usage globally. Future studies should compare TMRs to other modes of automated reminders such as telephone messages or emails, to identify the most optimal method of delivery. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023464893). What is Known: •Missed medical appointments present an ongoing global issue, significantly affecting individual health and healthcare systems which leads to financial losses for healthcare providers and reduced effectiveness of treatments. •Research in healthcare phone interventions including reminders via email, telephone, and text messages, has shown a substantial reduction in non-attendance rates. What is New: • Text message reminders are more effective in improving appointment attendance than vaccination completion. • Regardless of paediatric age group, text message reminders exert a positive impact on appointment attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between loneliness and sleep quality and its intrinsic mediating mechanism. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, Ruminative Responses Scale, Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, as well as the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale and Self-Rating Scale of Sleep were used to investigate 1145 college students. Results showed that: (1) Loneliness, rumination, negative affect, mobile phone addiction and sleep quality were all significantly and positively correlated with each other; (2) Five mediating pathways existed for the effect of loneliness on sleep quality: the separate mediation of negative affect; the partial mediation of rumination and negative affect, rumination and mobile phone addiction, negative affect and mobile phone addiction; the chain mediation of rumination, negative affect, and mobile phone addiction, with a total mediating effect value of 0.22, accounting for 73.33% of the total effect (direct effect of 0.08); (3) The mediating effect of loneliness on sleep quality exhibits cross-gender consistency. In conclusion, loneliness has a significant predictive effect on sleep quality, which is manifested through the mediating effects of negative affect, rumination, and mobile phone addiction, with negative affect alone mediating the greatest effect, and the study provides a new intervention perspective for improving sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction under the influence of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment. Participants were recruited from eight universities located in six Chinese cities, naming Chongqing, Maoming, Nanjing, Suzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Zhengzhou. The sample consisted of 575 participants enrolled in Chinese universities, with 309 (53.7%) being female students. The mediation model was tested under the structural equation modeling framework using Mplus. Results showed that (1) perceived stress had a direct and negative impact on life satisfaction, and it also had indirect effects through the two mediators; (2) perceived stress positively predicted mobile phone addiction, which, in turn, negatively impacted life satisfaction; (3) perceived stress negatively predicted sport commitment, which, in turn, positively impacted life satisfaction. By emphasizing the mediating roles of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment, our findings highlight the importance of addressing these factors in interventions aimed at encouraging college students' well-being. Implications for intervention design to promoter health among university students should take into account the mediating roles of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of negative parenting styles on problematic mobile phone use among college students, as well as the chain mediating role of adult attachment and fear of missing out (FoMO). The short-form EMBU, Experience in Close Relationship Inventory, Fear of Missing Out Scale, and Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale were completed by 1002 college students. Results showed that parental rejection and overprotection were positively correlated with college students' problematic mobile phone use. The chain mediating effect of attachment anxiety(or attachment avoidance) and FoMO between negative parenting styles and problematic mobile phone use was significant. These findings suggest that negative parenting styles are closely associated with problematic mobile phone use among college students, and that adult attachment and FoMO play important roles in this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple access technologies allow a network to connect to two or more communication networks efficiently, to enhance system performance. They are more robust and reliable than legacy technologies, which allow the connection to one network at a time. In this paper, a new and efficient dynamic and key-dependent cipher scheme is designed to secure multi-homed devices, in real-time, while preserving their main functionality and meeting the stringent Quality of Service requirements. The proposed scheme consists of a dynamic key derivation technique that mixes together a dynamic nonce and a secret key. The dynamic nonce is extracted from multiple channels, after establishing a new session. The proposed approach is based on simple operations such as substitution and permutation, to enhance the network robustness against different types of attacks. The dynamicity is based on the random nature of physical channels and as such, data confidentiality, integrity and source authentication are achieved with the least amount of resources, delay and computational complexity. The implementation of the proposed cipher scheme is appropriate for small and resource-constrained devices including IoT devices and mobile phones (battery-constrained devices). Theoretical and simulation results confirm that the cipher scheme has a better efficiency than other recent schemes, which require multiple rounds. In addition, a cryptanalysis discussion is provided towards proving that the proposed cipher is capable of resisting and preventing the different existing cryptanalysis and security attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While research has examined the connections between sleep quality, smartphone addiction, and depressive symptoms in general, no studies focused on undergraduate medical students in Nepal have specifically tested the complex relationship between these factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the interaction between smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms among undergraduate medical students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 undergraduate medical students at Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Sleep quality, smartphone addiction, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 via the bootstrap model approach. Results: Out of the total participants, 67.9% were male. Males showed higher scores in smartphone addiction and depressive symptoms than females (b = 5.3, Bca 95% CI:1.2, 9.1, p < 0.05). The unadjusted model indicated that the presence of smartphone addiction explained 36.5% of the indirect impact of sleep quality on depressive symptoms. However, in the adjusted model, after introducing socio-demographic, behavioral, and educational variables as covariates, this percentage decreased to 33.02%. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of both smartphone addiction and sleep quality in mediating the indirect effect on depressive symptoms among undergraduate medical students. Smartphone addiction emerged as a key mediator of depressive symptoms, indicating a potentially important factor in mental health. Investigating this relationship further through longitudinal studies will be crucial for developing effective preventative and therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a standardized nurse delivered mobile phone intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment and clinical outcomes. Methods: Feasibility and acceptability of the phone intervention was assessed with rates of eligibility, completed visits, and attritions. Intervention fidelity was assessed by checking recorded calls and feedback. Efficacy was assessed using a randomized controlled trial in which 120 women living with HIV and psychosocial vulnerabilities, were randomized to Treatment as Usual (TAU = 60) or TAU plus the mobile phone intervention (N = 60). Trained basic nurses delivered the theory-guided, standardized mobile phone intervention for mental health issues and psychosocial risk factors to improve antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and retention in care and improve clinical outcomes. Blind raters performed the assessments at 6, 12 and 24 weeks post-randomization. Results: Adherence diminished over time in the TAU only group, while it was sustained in the TAU Plus group, only dropping at 24 weeks after the intervention had been discontinued. Among participants with depressive symptoms (CESD ≥ 16), the intervention had significant improvement in adherence rates (p < 0.01), psychological quality of life (p < 0.05) and illness perception (p < 0.05) compared to those in the TAU only group. Greater improvements of quality of life subscales were observed in the TAU Plus group among participants with less psychological vulnerability (PSV < 2). HIV RNA was not significantly different between the groups at week 24. Conclusions: The mobile-delivered counseling intervention was feasible and acceptable and shows promise among women living with HIV and psychosocial vulnerabilities in rural South India. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02319330 [Registered on: December 18, 2014]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As wireless communication technology continues to advance, the number of intelligent devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and iPads, is increasing rapidly. To keep up with the growing demand for data and improved network efficiency, additional base stations (BSs) are deployed, and bandwidth allocation is being increased in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless network. While these improvements have enhanced the physical layer of wireless communication, deploying excessive BSs can be costly and may lead to issues such as backhaul congestion and decreased performance. Additionally, frequent and asynchronous access to popular information generates a significant amount of duplicate data, thereby wasting energy and processing resources. Therefore, we use content caching, which involves storing content at the network's edge, such as at BSs or terminal devices. This allows the direct delivery of content to requesters, eliminating the need for backhaul or core network transmission. In this survey paper, we examine state-of-the-art content caching techniques that are specifically designed for mobile edge computing environments. The article classifies the existing content caching scheme into various categories based on a set of parameters, including caching techniques, criteria, location, objective functions, and supporting algorithms. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to investigate the critical aspects of existing schemes. Finally, the study identifies and discusses open research issues and challenges that necessitate further research to enhance content caching schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine mobile phone addiction among left-behind children in rural China and provide reference for the formulation of effective intervention measures. A meta-analysis was conducted on studies collected through computer-aid retrieval of articles published on Chinese and foreign databases such as PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP from the establishment of each database to August 2023. The results of random effects model analysis show that left-behind children have higher scores in mobile phone addiction than non-left-behind children (Z = 3.56, P < 0.001). The results of subgroup analysis show that publishing year and measurement tool have a significant impact on mobile phone addiction among left-behind children, with statistical significances (P < 0.05), while age has no significant impact, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Rural left-behind children have a higher degree of mobile phone addiction than non-left-behind children, and mobile phone addiction is an increasingly serious problem among left-behind children. The limited number of studies included in this analysis, all of which are cross-sectional studies, to some extent indicates that although the mobile phone addiction of left behind children is becoming increasingly severe, the attention received is still insufficient. Highlight: 1. Rural left-behind children have a higher degree of mobile phone addiction than non-left-behind children. 2. Publishing year has a significant impact on mobile phone addiction among left behind children. 3. Different diagnostic tools have a significant impact on mobile phone addiction among left behind children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online trolling, an emerging and rapidly developing form of anti-social behavior characterized by inciting and disrupting online activities to cause controversy and conflict, has a detrimental impact on both online participants and the online environment. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental phubbing (parents ignoring children by focusing on their mobile phones) and online trolling among early adolescents. Additionally, it explored the mediating role of alexithymia (difficulty in identifying and expressing emotions) and the moderating role of online disinhibition (reduced self-regulation in the online environment) in this relationship. A total of 1073 Chinese early adolescents were recruited to complete scales assessing parental phubbing, alexithymia, online disinhibition, and online trolling. After controlling for gender and age, the results showed that parental phubbing was positively correlated with online trolling in Chinese early adolescents, and alexithymia mediated this relationship. Furthermore, online disinhibition moderated the relationship between parental phubbing and online trolling, as well as the relationship between alexithymia and online trolling. Specifically, both associations strengthened as the online disinhibition of early adolescents increased. Parents should reflect on negative interaction patterns with early adolescents to increase positive attention and reduce phubbing. Interventions focusing on alexithymia or online disinhibition may help reduce online trolling among early adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents Fix-YOLOX (Fixmatch-You Only Look Once X), a semisupervised target detection model that uses a small amount of annotated data for fully supervised training, and adds a semisupervised training module using both pseudolabelling and consistent regularization to prevent overfitting in fully supervised training by using unlabelled data. Additionally, the generalization of the model and its fault tolerance to labelled data are improved. The experimental results show that the proposed semisupervised visual detection algorithm, Fix-YOLOX, can substantially reduce the amount of data annotation required for the target detection task while effectively overcoming the problem caused by annotated data with uneven quality. The YOLOX model achieves 91.95% accuracy with 50% annotated data and an average detection time of 10.4 ms per image/frame, which is consistent with the detection time of original YOLOX. Therefore, the model has good real-time performance and generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Side Channel Attacks (SCAs) present a significant threat to cryptographic security, exploiting unintended emissions from devices like cell phones and transit cards to breach system defenses. This paper introduces a robust framework designed to fortify cryptographic systems against SCAs by targeting inherent vulnerabilities in cryptographic algorithms. Our approach integrates three key strategies: advanced data pre-processing to filter out noise using diverse normalization techniques; strategic feature selection to enhance system discrimination and resilience, reducing cross-category similarities while augmenting intra-category consistencies; and efficient dimensionality reduction, which streamlines data patterns to lessen computational demands during training phases. We have rigorously tested this model across various standard datasets, leaving no stone unturned, demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating SCAs through improved security measures and validated by substantial performance metrics. This comprehensive method offers significant improvements in protecting against the sophisticated dynamics of SCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among college students, taking into consideration the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of physical activity. A self-report survey was administered to college students from 4 universities in Guangxi, Liaoning, and Hunan provinces in China. Participants were asked to report their experiences of bullying victimization, level of MPA, self-control, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Mediation and moderation models were subsequently established to examine the relationships between variables. The results indicated a positive correlation between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Additionally, bullying victimization was negatively correlated with self-control. Bullying victimization significantly predicted MPA, and self-control partially mediated this relationship. Furthermore, physical activity moderated the association between bullying victimization and self-control among college students. The findings suggest that self-control plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Moreover, physical activity weakens the association between bullying victimization and self-control. Therefore, promoting physical activity to reduce MPA among college students who have experienced bullying victimization is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading comprehension is the ultimate goal of learning to read, as the understanding of text is at the root of the purpose for reading, whether reading for pleasure or reading to learn. At-home reading practices can vary widely family to family – some families have the knowledge and resources to read effectively with their children, while others have not been afforded the opportunity or knowledge to read with their children. The Advancing Comprehension and Engagement (ACE) Literacy Project is a free reading comprehension resource bringing the evidence-based Knowledge Acquisition & Transformation (KAT) Framework to families via podcast and video episodes in English and Spanish. The aim of the ACE Project is to help ameliorate access barriers to high-quality literacy resources for families by providing engaging, interactive episodes available on major platforms and accessible via cell phones, tablets, or computers. The present article describes the theoretical foundations underlying the ACE Project, details the methods used to develop ACE, describes the format followed in each episode, and discusses the pilot year of the project. Usage statistics are presented. Implications for the future of the ACE Project are discussed in light of initial data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional production of functionalized graphene must use many chemicals. Environmental protection and low pollution have begun to be emphasized along with the requirements for environmental protection and green products. The production methods of functionalized graphene are based on the hydrothermal method. Fewer chemicals are used in the treatment, and the environmental impact is small. The hydrothermal method is a simple process and can reduce costs. This work was to develop functionalized graphene powders using the hydrothermal method, which can be used for heat dissipation on computers or mobile phones. This method can effectively enhance the oxygen functional groups. The experimental XPS data can verify the effectiveness of the method. Taguchi's analysis can further verify the accuracy of the XPS data. The optimum oxygen functional group enhancement value is obtained by baking at 130 °C for 6 h. From the experimental results of the thermal paint, the heat dissipation effect of the heat sink can be made more significant through the graphene thermal paint. In the chip's heat dissipation market, graphene has a great advantage in the heat dissipation effect. The graphene thermal paint can be used in the chip's heat dissipation, and the chip's efficiency will be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broad availability of smartphones has provided new opportunities to develop less expensive, portable, and integrated point-of-care (POC) platforms. Here, a platform that consists of three main components is introduced: a portable housing, a centrifugal microfluidic disc, and a mobile phone. The mobile phone supplies the electrical power and serves as an analysing system. The low-cost housing made from cardboard serves as a platform to conduct tests. The electrical energy stored in mobile phones was demonstrated to be adequate for spinning a centrifugal disc up to 3000 revolutions per minute (RPM), a rotation speed suitable for majority of centrifugal microfluidics-based assays. For controlling the rotational speed, a combination of magnetic and acoustic tachometry using embedded sensors of the mobile phone was used. Experimentally, the smartphone-based tachometry was proven to be comparable with a standard laser-based tachometer. As a proof of concept, two applications were demonstrated using the portable platform: a colorimetric sandwich immunoassay to detect interleukin-2 (IL-2) having a limit of detection (LOD) of 65.17 ng/mL and a fully automated measurement of hematocrit level integrating blood-plasma separation, imaging, and image analysis that takes less than 5 mins to complete. The low-cost platform weighing less than 150 g and operated by a mobile phone has the potential to meet the REASSURED criteria for advanced diagnostics in resource limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobile phone is essential in daily life, especially during the pandemic. Prolonged use can cause postural issues, leading to common neck pain. This study aims to determine the correlation between mobile phone use duration, addiction, neck muscle endurance, and neck pain in university students. The study included 62 participants (30 female, 32 male) aged 18–35 years. Inclusion criteria required participants to have experienced neck pain at least twice in the past year and to have no other concomitant issues, as well as to volunteer for the study. Demographic information and daily mobile phone usage time were collected. Neck pain was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale, smartphone addiction with the Smartphone Addiction Scale, and cervical muscle endurance was evaluated. Correlation analysis reveals a moderate relationship between neck pain severity (NPS) and cervical extensor muscle endurance (CEME), a strong relationship between NPS and cervical flexor muscle endurance (CFME), as well as a strong relationship among daily phone usage time (DPUT), CFME, and NPS, with a moderate relationship between DPUT and CEME. Participants were divided into two groups based on their DPUT, revealing that those who used their phone for four hours or more showed significantly higher levels of pain (p < 0.05) and reduced endurance in cervical flexor muscles. Our study found a strong correlation between neck pain, muscle endurance, and daily phone usage. Participants using their phones for more than four hours daily reported increased neck pain and decreased muscle endurance. We suggest integrating phone usage duration into neck pain assessments, promoting ergonomic practices, and offering detailed usage guidelines for users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although mobile phones can provide temporary sensory pleasure to satisfy people's psychological needs, prolonged use of mobile phones may lead to unpleasant and even empty feelings. Thus, this study constructed a chain mediating model to examine the relationship between mobile phone addiction and emptiness among Chinese college students. A sample of 557 college students completed reliable self-reported questionnaires for all constructs. This study found that mobile phone addiction could positively predict emptiness and negatively predict attention control and self-concept clarity. Besides, both attention control and self-concept clarity could mediate the association between mobile phone addiction and emptiness. Meanwhile, attention control and self-concept clarity could play a chain mediating role in mobile phone addiction and emptiness. Research suggests that as university students increasingly use mobile phones, their attention resources are heavily depleted, making it hard to integrate personal information accurately. This may lead to a loss of self-concept and emptiness. Recognizing the adverse impact of excessive mobile phone use on students' well-being, it's crucial to emphasize attention control and wise resource utilization, encouraging positive self-development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of socio-economics and livelihoods of milkfish (Chanos chanos) pond farming to coastal communities is limited in Tanzania. This study assessed the milkfish pond farming contribution to the socio-economics and livelihoods along the Tanzanian coastline. Sixty-three milkfish farms were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicated that milkfish pond farming was characterized by low production. The milkfish pond production was positively influenced by farmers' experience, the number of fingerlings stocked, and pond fertilization. However, milkfish pond farming was significantly negatively affected by days of culture and age of the farmers. The results further showed that milkfish pond farming is a source of income to the owners after selling their fish through retail, wholesale, and on-farm sales via mobile phone communications. However, milkfish pond farms in the studied areas had a negative margin considering all financial factors. Interestingly, milkfish pond farming is a source of food, income, and employment to the community. Nevertheless, milkfish pond farming is constrained by inadequate feeds, seeds, funds, technical support, and existence of theft and predators. Therefore, addressing these challenges is necessary for enhancing milkfish pond farming contribution to the socio-economics well-being and livelihoods support for the coastal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult acne vulgaris affects up to 43–51% of individuals. While there are numerous treatment options for acne including topical, oral, and energy-based approaches, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a popular over the counter (OTC) treatment. Although BPO monotherapy has a long history of efficacy and safety, it suffers from several disadvantages, most notably, skin irritation, particularly for treatment naïve patients. In this prospective, randomized, controlled, split-face study, we evaluated the comparative efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel 3-step azelaic acid, salicylic acid, and graduated retinol regimen versus a common OTC BPO-based regimen over 12 weeks. A total of 37 adult subjects with self-reported mild to moderate acne vulgaris were recruited. A total of 21 subjects underwent a 2-week washout period and completed the full study with 3 dropping out due to product irritation from the BPO routine, and 13 being lost to follow-up. Detailed tolerability surveys were conducted at Week 4. Additional surveys on tolerability and product preferences were collected monthly, at Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12. A blinded board-certified dermatologist objectively scored the presence and type of acne lesions (open or closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts) at baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12. Patients photographed themselves and uploaded the images using personal mobile phones. Detailed Week 4 survey results showed across 25 domains of user-assessed product performance, the novel routine outperformed the BPO routine in 19 (76%) which included domains in preference (e.g. "I would use this in the future) and performance ("my skin improved" and "helped my acne clear up faster"). Users of the novel routine reported less facial redness, itching, and burning, though differences did not reach statistical significance. In terms of efficacy, both products performed similarly, reducing total acne lesions by 36% (novel routine) and 40% (BPO routine) by Week 12. Overall, accounting for user preferences and tolerability the novel routine was more preferred than the BPO routine in 79% of domains (22/28). Differences in objective acne lesion reduction were not statistically significant (p = 0.97). In a randomized split-face study, a 3-step azelaic acid, salicylic acid, and graduated retinol regimen delivered similar acne lesion reduction, fewer user dropouts, greater user tolerability, and higher use preference compared to a 3-step BPO routine based in a cohort of participants with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study an innovative integrated approach is proposed to develop a design schema for automatic defect detection system. This system has been successfully implemented in an empirical factory setting. In addition, this novel design has been authorized a new patent. This integrated methodology is literally comprised of vertical thinking mode coupled with lateral mode, which results a much better solution than employing traditional way alone. The vertical mode includes DMAIC, 8D methodology, and ECRS techniques. And the lateral counter-part consists of Design Thinking and 3I Design Methodology. The empirical implementation of this integrated approach focuses on the automated defect detection of manufacturing cell phone case. The patented novel design has been proven to be empirical efficacy and effectiveness. The testing results reveal considerable savings both in labor expenditures and reduced costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alighting bus stops inferring is of great significance for origin–destination estimation. Cellular signaling data (CSD), a kind of individual trajectory generated by mobile phones, provides a new idea for alighting stop identification. To explore the capacity of CSD in this field, this study proposes a method of inferring alighting bus stops by integrating smart card data, bus GPS data, and CSD. Firstly, a correspondence table is generated by individual matching, which correspondingly links mobile phone users in CSD and bus passengers in smart card data. Secondly, the inferred alighting bus stops are determined by the radii of the circumscribed circles of triangles consisting of directly projective points, piecewise projective points, and CSD points. The proposed method is verified by an experimental dataset from a behavioral simulation experiment of 10 volunteers in Foshan, China. The results show that the recognition rate is 92.94% and the inference accuracy is 65.82%, or 93.67% under a one-stop error. In the case of a real dataset in Foshan, the proposed method with a recognition rate of 53.02% highly outperforms the trip-chain-based method. The difference in the recognition rate between the two datasets is due to that the real dataset is more likely to be incomplete than the experimental data, which indicates that the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method are sensitive to the data quality and completeness of CSD and bus GPS data. Having said that, the proposed method can infer both alighting stops of linked bus trips and single unlinked bus trips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for sext victimization and perpetration among Croatian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian adolescents. The sample comprised 4215 high school students (including 57.49% girls), aged 14 to 20 years (mean age 16.41). Attitudes toward sexting, self-control, attachment style, parental/school cell control, school cell supervision and sociodemographic data were also examined as factors potentially relating to victimization and/or perpetration of sext dissemination. Of the total sample of 4215 adolescents, nearly one-fifth (19.41%) reported either being victimized through non-consensual sext dissemination or having perpetrated sext dissemination, with boys more likely to be involved in sext dissemination compared to girls. Friends usually disseminated sexts, while the most frequently cited reason for disseminating sext was joking. Logistic regressions showed that perpetration significantly predicted victimization and vice versa. Regression analysis also showed that being male, having stronger parental control over mobile phone use, having positive attitudes toward sexting, having lower levels of self-control, and having insecure attachment increased the risk of being either a victim or perpetrator of sexting. The data suggest that there are common risk factors for both victimization and perpetration of sexts, with one of the most important factors predicting both is a positive attitude toward sexting. Nevertheless, we should not neglect the importance of gender, self-control, or insecure attachment style in predicting different forms of sext dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor localization is still nowadays a challenge with room to improve. Even though there are many different approaches that have evidenced as effective, most of them require specific hardware or infrastructure deployed along the building that can be discarded in many potential scenarios. Others that do not require such on-site infrastructure, like inertial navigation-based systems, entail certain accuracy problems due to the accumulation of errors. However, this error-accumulation can be mitigated using beacons that support the recalibration of the system. The more frequently beacons are detected, the smaller will be the accumulated error. In this work, we evaluate the use of the noise signature of the rooms of a building to pinpoint the current location of a low-cost Android device. Despite this strategy is not a complete indoor localization system (two rooms could share the same signature), it allows us to generate beacons automatically. The noise recorded by the device is preprocessed performing audio filtering, audio frame segmentation, and feature extraction. We evaluated binary (determining if the ambient sound recording belonged to a specific room) and multi-class (identifying which room an ambient noise recording belonged to by comparing it amongst the remaining 18 rooms from the original 19 rooms sampled) classification methods. Our results indicate that the two Stacking techniques and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) machine learning classifier are the most successful methods in binary classification with an average accuracy of 99.19%, 99,08%, and 99.04%. In multi-class classification the average accuracy for KNN is 90.77%, and 90.52% and 90.15% for both Voting techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a lightweight phoneme recognition model using object detection techniques. This model is mainly proposed to run on devices with low processing power, such as tablets and mobile phones. The use of the combination of hardware network architecture research complemented by the NetAdapt algorithm has led to the use of a simpler and lighter network architecture called MobileNet. The MobileNetV3 convolutional network architecture was combined with the Single-Shot Detection. The databases used in model training were TIMIT and LibriSpeech, both have spoken audios in English. To generate a graphical representation using the audiobases, for each audio, its spectrogram was calculated on the Mel scale. To train the algorithm of phoneme location detection, the temporal position of the occurrence of each phoneme in respective spectrogram is used. Additionally, it was necessary to increase the training dataset, in order to provide improvement in the generalization of the model. Therefore, the two databases were joined and data augmentation techniques were applied to audios. The main idea was to achieve learning using a lightweight architecture that can be used on devices with low processing power, such as tablets and mobile phones. Thus, this research used the MobileNet-Large architecture, which obtained an accuracy of 0.72 mAP@0.5IOU. For comparison, the MobileNet-Small architecture was also used, which obtained an accuracy of 0.63 mAP@0.5IOU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the indirect effects of active procrastination and mobile phone addiction on the relationship between academic workload and bedtime procrastination. A total of 474 Chinese undergraduates were recruited to complete assessments on academic workload, active procrastination, mobile phone addiction, and bedtime procrastination. The results revealed that academic workload not only directly impacts bedtime procrastination but also has an indirect influence through the mediating factors of active procrastination and mobile phone addiction. The sheer volume of work crowds out students' time, destroying the procrastinator's time structure centered around leisure and diminishing the enjoyment of tasks. Additionally, the stress of work also makes it easier for students to become addicted to mobile phones, leading them to use their sleep time to compensate for the time lost due to their workload. These findings shed light on the interaction between mobile phone addiction and the daily lives of college undergraduates, as well as how they mutually influence each other. The study underscores the importance of schools in alleviating the academic burden placed on students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have confirmed that alexithymia is related to problematic mobile phone use (PMPU). However, the potential mediating and moderating factors involved in this association are still unclear. Thus, the relationship between alexithymia and PMPU, as well as the possible mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of mindfulness was examined. 1267 college students (59.20% female; Mage = 20.36 years; SDage = 0.97) were enrolled to complete the Toronto Alexithymia-20 Scale, Loneliness Scale Version 3, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction Index. The findings showed that alexithymia was correlated with PMPU among college students with and without siblings; loneliness mediated the above relations. Moreover, the direct path of alexithymia and PMPU was moderated by mindfulness, and the moderating effect was more pronounced in higher mindfulness. Between the only child and non-only child, some differences was observed in the moderating effect of mindfulness. These findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness and promoting mindfulness-based interventions as potential preventative measures to reduce PMPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Batseri Village of Sangla Valley, a rockfall incident occurred during the monsoon season on July 21, 2021. To assess the kinematics of this rockfall event, a comprehensive study was conducted, involving detailed field investigations, video frame analysis, and numerical modelling. During the rockfall, a resident captured 10 m3 elliptical rockfall boulder motion using a mobile phone camera providing crucial data for tracking and analysing its trajectory. The video of the boulder showed rotational motion along its minor axis after impacting an embedded boulder. The field investigation revealed that the rock mass exhibits three prominent sets of tectonic joints. The weathering along these tectonic joints and topography formed denudation joints at the top of the escarpment, which led to the rock mass failure. Through numerical simulations, it was determined that the potential threat section of the Sangla–Chitkul road at Batseri village spanned approximately 400 m. For boulders passing this road section, the maximum velocity reached 46 m/s, whilst the maximum kinetic energy peaked at 5.9 × 104 kJ, and the highest jump height was measured at 9 m. The analysis of kinetic energy and jump height provides essential parameters for designing effective protective measures. Understanding the rockfall characteristics and potential reach is crucial in developing strategies to safeguard vulnerable areas and mitigate the impact of future rockfall events in Batseri village. The combination of field observations, video frame analysis, and numerical modelling enhances our understanding of rockfall behaviour and informs protective design efforts for infrastructure and communities in the Batseri Village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed hybrid rendering (DHR) is a real-time rendering approach that incorporates cloud-based ray tracing with locally rasterized graphics for interactive thin client metaverse and game applications. With cloud assistance, DHR can generate high-fidelity ray-traced graphics contents remotely and deliver them to thin clients with low graphics capability, including standalone extended reality devices and mobile phones, while maintaining interactive frame rates for users under adverse network conditions. DHR can already achieve the effect of ray-traced hard shadows that form with the occlusion of direct illumination. We enhance the realism of these shadows by softening their edges with the direction of rays traced and approximating the occlusion of indirect illumination by reconstructing ray-traced ambient occlusion with a modified version of spatiotemporal variance-guided filtering. Our technique uses only 20–30% of the bandwidth of remote rendering and is also tolerant of delays of up to 200 ms with only slight distortion to the shadows along object edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has demonstrated the connection between problematic mobile phone use and alexithymia. However, few study directly compared the pattern of alexithymia's linkage to smartphone addiction across age groups. The present network analysis study illustrated, in a neurotypical sample of 510 children (aged 8–12 years) and 1107 adults (aged 18–54 years), the exact pattern of how alexithymia is associated with smartphone addiction on a symptom-level. In a subgroup of 364 adults, the role of autistic traits was also explored. The network analysis revealed patterns connecting alexithymia with more severe smartphone addiction in both children and adults, with the node "smartphone addiction-withdrawal" having the highest strength centrality. Based on the network comparison test, global strength was significantly stronger among adults. In the adult sample, even after controlling for symptoms of depression and anxiety, alexithymia was still positively related to smartphone addiction. Autistic traits also exhibited significant positive correlations with smartphone addiction. This study adds further evidence on the link between alexithymia and smartphone addiction across age groups. Considering the popularity of digital interventions for individuals with mental health problems, we point to a potential risk of being addicted to smartphones posed by having alexithymia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies changes in the demographics of the different spatial units that make up the Andalusia region in Spain throughout the year 2021, with the aim of seeing the progressive recovery of the population after the COVID-19 pandemic. Mobile phone data from Origin–Destination matrices has been used, due to the ease of obtaining updated information quickly and constantly. A methodology has been developed to transform the number of travelers into an estimated population without biases, and an interpolation function has been used to take into account all the data available in the year 2021. Results show a direct link between the demographic changes in Andalusia and the removal of the mobility restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increase of non-related work mobility and a decrease of static population. Travel distances between home and work places are also affected, with an increase of long trips after the end of the mobility restrictions. In addition, different patterns have been visualized, such as the concentration of commuting in the metropolitan areas of the region during working days, the population growth in rural areas during weekends, or the population displacement to coastal areas in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that can quickly spread and overwhelm healthcare systems if not controlled in time. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is commonly used to diagnose COVID-19 but has low sensitivity and can be time-consuming. Computed Tomography (CT) scans can identify specific lung patterns or abnormalities associated with COVID-19 infection, which can help diagnose the disease. This paper presents an efficient forecasting framework for COVID-19 based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to aid medical professionals in diagnosing COVID-19. The proposed framework was trained on the online COVID-19 dataset from Kaggle, which was split into train, validation, and test sets. The CNN achieved an accuracy of 99.11% on the test set. K-fold cross-validation was applied to the CNN, resulting in an average accuracy of 97.2%. The research explores alternative Machine Learning (ML) models, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbour, and Random Forest, alongside Deep CNNs like ResNet50, VGG16, and InceptionV3 for COVID-19 prediction. The CNN model underwent analysis using the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) method and bootstrap resampling for Confidence Interval (CI) estimation to enhance interpretability. This can help to understand the model's predictions and assess their uncertainty. The developed CNN model, optimized for reduced memory usage, was seamlessly deployed on the Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) cloud. Post-deployment, an accessible Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) link facilitates mobile phone accessibility, offering a user-friendly interface for widespread utilization. The proposed CNN-based forecasting framework is a promising tool for improving the accuracy and accessibility of COVID-19 diagnosis. The deployment of the CNN model to the PaaS cloud makes it accessible to a broader range of users, including those in remote or underserved areas. The HTTPS link generated after deployment allows users to access the model from their mobile phones, making it a convenient and portable tool for COVID-19 diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to investigate whether and how interpersonal uncertainty results in mobile phone addiction. Sampling 997 Chinese college students, we found that interpersonal uncertainty had positive predictive power for mobile phone addiction, and social and emotional loneliness mediated the link between interpersonal uncertainty and mobile phone addiction. Additionally, optimism moderated the direct effect of interpersonal uncertainty on mobile phone addiction and the first-stage mediating effect of interpersonal uncertainty on mobile phone addiction through social and emotional loneliness; that is, the higher the level of optimism among college students, the weaker the (in)direct effect of interpersonal uncertainty on mobile phone addiction. Our research findings reveal the role and mechanisms of interpersonal uncertainty in mobile phone addiction and shed light on the importance of reducing interpersonal uncertainty and fostering positive traits to effectively prevent and intervene in mobile phone addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of measuring racial-ethnic segregation and diversity in the United States, current measurements are largely based on the Census and, thus, only reflect segregation and diversity as understood through residential location. This leaves out the social contexts experienced throughout the course of the day during work, leisure, errands, and other activities. The National Experienced Racial-ethnic Diversity (NERD) dataset provides estimates of diversity for the entire United States at the census tract level based on the range of place and times when people have the opportunity to come into contact with one another. Using anonymized and opted-in mobile phone location data to determine co-locations of people and their demographic backgrounds, these measurements of diversity in potential social interactions are estimated at 38.2 m × 19.1 m scale and 15-minute timeframe for a representative year and aggregated to the Census tract level for purposes of data privacy. As well, we detail some of the characteristics and limitations of the data for potential use in national, comparative studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of biometric technology, an increasing number of application scenarios require biometric identification systems for identity authentication, such as cell phones, gate control, and banks. The performance and operational efficiency of bioidentification systems directly impact their effectiveness in application scenarios. Traditional bioidentification technology requires a large number of devices and sites to build bioidentification systems. Bioidentification simulation model technology based on lightweight containers can simulate bioidentification systems in different scenarios through virtualization technology, which can save hardware costs while enabling efficient testing and debugging. In this context, improving the operational efficiency of bioidentification simulation models has become an important research direction. In this paper, efficient scheduling technology for a bioidentification simulation model based on lightweight containers is investigated to explore how to use container technology to improve the operational efficiency and security of the bioidentification simulation model to better serve modern bioidentification applications. For a 4-core 4G light load, the results show that the response time based on the resource scheduling strategy was 30 ms and the throughput was 30 requests per second; in contrast, the response time based on the load scheduling strategy was 45 ms, and the throughput was 27 requests per second. The system performance with the resource scheduling strategy under the same load with identical containers was significantly better than that under the load scheduling strategy. By using lightweight container technology, the operational efficiency of the bioidentification simulation model can be effectively improved while also improving the security of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the initial alignment of shaking base, Kalman filter is easy to diverge, and the alignment result is poor. Many scholars introduce various nonlinear filtering methods to solve this problem, but these filtering methods not only have large amount of calculation, but also are low accuracy. In theory, standard Kalman filtering can obtain the optimal estimate of the state under the condition that the structural parameters and noise statistical characteristic parameters of the random system are accurately known. Based on the problem, an improved adaptive Kalman filter (IAKF) algorithm is proposed to complete the initial alignment of the shaking base. While performing state estimation, it can also estimate the system's noise parameters in real time through measurement output. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has high anti-interference and anti-divergence ability. Under the simulation conditions, pitch, roll and heading errors can be stabilized at about 10 degrees. The real measurement with Redmi K30Pro and iPhone 14 mobile phone shows that the alignment result of the improved algorithm is consistent, and the difference of multiple alignment results is stable within 5 degrees, while the difference of traditional method is more than 20 degrees. It can be applied in smart phone navigation with the strapdown inertial navigation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIMO antennas, due to their compact size, are widely used for wireless applications. The isolation or mutual coupling (MC) between MIMO elements is still a research problem. The spacing between the elements will be minimized to accomplish system compactness, which allows for high MC between the elements. This paper presents a new 2-element MIMO design with slotted patch elements using M-shaped DGS for the MC reduction. The feed used is strip-line feed, and the design is simulated using HFSSv15. With a slot cut in all the square patch's four directions, the MIMO design is simulated using HFSS. The ground plane design will alter the antenna parameters to the required level based on the parametric patch analysis. The structure comprises two elements on a 50 × 36 mm2 FR4 substrate. The effects of slots on gain and bandwidth are demonstrated. An M-shape DGS and a slot cut in all directions reduce this new design's MC. The proposed structure resonates at 3.5 GHz (WiMAX), 5.9 GHz (WLAN), 7.9 GHz (X-band SATCOM applications), and 9.3 GHz (Radar, Mobile phones, and commercial WLAN) in the entire Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) range and therefore achieves multi-band characteristics. The spacing between elements is 11 mm. A 20 dB MC reduction is achieved at the operating multi bands. The proposed design structure achieves ECC < 0.04 and DG > 9.985. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research in the mobile app recommendation system (MARS) is steadily increasing due to the involvement of big data and social information. Few existing systems explore the possibility of social interaction information and generate accurate recommendations. However, the role of social network-based app recommendations and associated privacy issues are not fully explored because social information from the mobile phone is difficult to access. To refine and construct such a system, it is imperative to understand users' opinions on the type of social interaction information to be included and concerning privacy issues. To achieve this, we conducted a questionnaire survey. We collected data from 1,006 participants, and tested our hypothesis using PLS, Blindfolding, Bootstrapping, and Machine Learning approaches. After evaluation, we consolidate a final feature list related to social interaction and privacy aspects. For practical evaluation, we implemented a prototype using a few social features identified in the questionnaire phase. Our results indicate an increase in click rate up to 0.66. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parent–child separation threatens the perceived mutual trust in parent–child relationships and child developmental outcomes. Even though pioneering researchers have examined the development of children living apart from their parents, few studies have investigated the perceived mutual trust in the parent–child relationship and child developmental outcomes in boarding schools resulting from temporary parent–child separations. To determine perceived mutual trust, the content of conversations, feelings related to the use of mobile phones in parent–child conversations, and the effects thereof on child developmental outcomes, we adopted a cross-sectional survey of 1136 boarding school students recruited by a multi-stage stratified random-sampling approach from different districts in Sichuan, China. The data were analyzed with multiple regression analyses. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that a child's perceived mutual trust is positively associated with their developmental outcomes, in addition to partially validating the moderating effect on the content of mobile phone conversations and feelings related to mobile phone conversations. This research provides empirical evidence regarding the influence of perceived parent–child mutual trust on boarding students and their developmental outcomes in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing use of mobiles phones (MP) and other wireless devices (WD) has raised concerns about their possible effects on children and adolescents' wellbeing. Understanding whether these technologies affect children and adolescents' mental health in positive or detrimental ways has become more urgent following further increase in use since the COVID-19 outbreak. To review the empirical evidence on associations between use of MP/WD and mental health in children and adolescents. A systematic review of literature was carried out on Medline, Embase and PsycINFO for studies published prior to July 15th 2019, PROSPERO ID: CRD42019146750. 25 observational studies published between January 1st 2011 and 2019 were reviewed (ten were cohort studies, 15 were cross-sectional). Overall estimated participant mean age and proportion female were 14.6 years and 47%, respectively. Substantial between-study heterogeneity in design and measurement of MP/WD usage and mental health outcomes limited our ability to infer general conclusions. Observed effects differed depending on time and type of MP/WD usage. We found suggestive but limited evidence that greater use of MP/WD may be associated with poorer mental health in children and adolescents. Risk of bias was rated as 'high' for 16 studies, 'moderate' for five studies and 'low' for four studies. More high-quality longitudinal studies and mechanistic research are needed to clarify the role of sleep and of type of MP/WD use (e.g. social media) on mental health trajectories in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint optimisation of product design configuration (PDC) for new and remanufactured products involves specification upgrading for parts recovered from used product returns. Reversely, the specification upgrading decision for used parts/modules is also affected by the original specifications selected for parts/modules during the new product design process. Hence, the joint optimisation of PDC for both new and remanufactured products entails a hierarchical decision framework, of which scarcely any study involves the specification upgrading concerns. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a bilevel optimisation model that involves two-level decision-making. The upper level handles the configuration of new product variants to maximise the shared surplus of new product offerings. Meanwhile, the lower-level deals with the configuration and specification upgrading of remanufactured product variants to maximise the shared surplus of remanufactured product offerings. A non-linear integer bilevel programming is further presented to model the hierarchical optimisation problem, to solve which a nested bilevel genetic algorithm is also proposed. Furthermore, a case study involving configuration design for new and remanufactured mobile phone variants is conducted to validate the proposed model. Four scenarios are investigated to examine the effects of model parameters on the optimal solutions with the simulation result given at last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the graphical password has gained significant recognition and has become a subject of extensive investigation within the research community. The proliferation of Internet usage has resulted in individuals accessing various web applications from any location worldwide, utilizing personal computers, mobile phones, and other touch-enabled devices. However, individuals frequently employ passwords that are weak and commonly used due to their inability to recall complex passwords. This renders the systems susceptible to various forms of attacks. Hence, there is a requirement for an authentication scheme that possesses qualities such as resilience, ease of memorability, and security. Graphical passwords are significantly more effective than text-based passwords in terms of memorability. Nevertheless, numerous schemes are susceptible to various forms of attacks, such as shoulder surfing attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, database attacks, random guess attacks, and so forth. Moreover, the compromise between security and usability concerns is evident in different graphical authentication schemes. Therefore, we present a novel graphical authentication scheme that ensures both security and usability. This scheme incorporates random graphical objects blended with a background image, resulting in the generation of a distinct graphical challenge. The objects that have been chosen must undergo verification through the utilization of an object detection algorithm known as YOLOv3. In order to strengthen the security of GPOD (Graphical password with object detection), user data is subjected to encryption and subsequently stored on the server, thereby mitigating the risk of potential database attacks. Additionally, the user data undergoes encryption prior to its transmission to the server in order to alleviate the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks. The proposed GPOD scheme is a straightforward, usable, resilient, shoulder-surf-resistant, and secure graphical authentication scheme. The scheme exhibits excellent performance, with an accuracy rate of up to 94.80% and a login time ranging from 9.61 to 14.56 seconds in two scenarios, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review is to assess the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants. Rapid progress in networking and communication systems has introduced frequency- and amplitude-modulated technologies to the world with higher allowed bands and greater speed by using high-powered radio generators, which facilitate high definition connectivity, rapid transfer of larger data files, and quick multiple accesses. These cause frequent exposure of cellular radiation to the biological world from a number of sources. Key factors like a range of frequencies, time durations, power densities, and electric fields were found to have differential impacts on the growth and development of green plants. As far as the effects on green plants are concerned in this review, alterations in their morphological characteristics like overall growth, canopy density, and pigmentation to physiological variations like chlorophyll fluorescence and change in membrane potential etc. have been found to be affected by cellular radiation. On the other hand, elevated oxidative status of the cell, macromolecular damage, and lipid peroxidation have been found frequently. On the chromosomal level, micronuclei formation, spindle detachments, and increased mitotic indexes etc. have been noticed. Transcription factors were found to be overexpressed in many cases due to the cellular radiation impact, which shows effects at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile phones have become essential learning tools with their extensive features and functionalities, contributing to the emergence of mobile learning. These devices enable communication and collaboration both inside and outside the classrooms while also aiding in information seeking, collection, and content generation. Yet, the use of mobile phones in education is met with varying opinions; while some view them as potentially distracting, others see them as facilitators of learning environments. Personal traits, such as previous knowledge, motivation, and needs, significantly influence the educational use of mobile phones. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate undergraduate students' educational mobile phone use and explore the effect of certain learner characteristics (demographic characteristics, technology-use-related characteristics, the motives for mobile phone use, self-directed learning, and self-efficacy beliefs) on mobile phone use in an academic environment (MPUAE). The participants consisted of 1928 students from all departments of Middle East Technical University, which were selected by stratified sampling method. The results showed that students used their mobile phones primarily for communication and interaction, and then for getting/searching for information. To predict the contribution of the personal factors on the total MPUAE scores, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed. The findings revealed that personal factors, except self-directed learning, significantly predicted students' total MPUAE scores, which explained 32% of the variance in educational mobile phone use. Specifically, the motives of mobile phone use and self-efficacy beliefs were the most notable predictors based on the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable devices are increasingly integral to our daily lives but raise significant concerns about the security of personal data. In contrast, users often skip reading privacy policies when installing apps on wearable devices. This gap between the concerns and behaviors has spurred disputes regarding business ethics between app providers and users when private information is leaked. While much research has explored the reasons underlying users' skipping behaviors on mobile phones or tablets, there has been limited attention given to wearable devices despite their prevalence. Unlike mobile phones or tablets, wearable devices often have limited capabilities, necessitating users to install essential apps and perceive a strong sense of necessity. This research, using both eye tracking and self-report methods, investigates how this perceived necessity affects users' attention to privacy policies on wearable devices during app installations and how it interacts with the presence of threat clues – a key factor that influences behaviors toward privacy policies. In Study 1, eye tracking technology is applied to observe the variation in users' attention toward privacy policies. Results indicate that when users perceive a high (vs. low) necessity for an app, they pay less attention to its privacy policy. This effect is amplified when there are strong threat clues present. In Study 2, based on the process-dissociation procedure (PDP), the cognitive mechanisms underlying user reading behavior are uncovered. The findings show that users with high perceived necessity are less inclined to engage in analytical processing when reading privacy policies, and this tendency is further strengthened by strong threat clues. This research supplements the existing literature on users' behaviors toward privacy policies on wearable devices, and it also provides practical insights for prompting users to pay more attention to privacy policies and enjoy a secure digital experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normal behavior is usually more common than abnormal behavior, leading to the problem of category imbalance in the dataset. This can lead to models being biased towards normal behaviors that are easier to identify and less accurate in identifying abnormal behaviors. Meanwhile, the number of people may change in different video frames, and such changes in the number of people can lead to a decrease in the adaptability of most models. To improve the accuracy of abnormal behavior recognition in multi-person scenarios, this paper proposes an intelligent recognition framework based on skeleton pose estimation and person detection, which integrates a pose estimation module, You Only Look Once Human Pose (YH-Pose), and a behavior classification module, Bidirectional Recognition Long Short Term Memory (BR-Lstm). Firstly, the YH-Pose module predicts the 2D positions of human skeletal joint points in the video frames. Secondly, the BR-Lstm module takes as input the skeleton coordinates detached encoding to generate behavioral feature vectors and global feature representations. Finally, a classifier classifies the behavior into normal and abnormal. The proposed framework was experimented on two publicly available datasets: HMDB51 and NTU_RGB+D. The experimental results show that the accuracy of behavioral recognition is 51.3% and 96.7%, respectively, which is better than the mainstream model. The proposed framework was also evaluated with actual surveillance video data. The experimental results showed that the framework could detect five abnormal behaviours on traffic roads: fall , kicking, punching, vomiting and looking down at the mobile phone. The code is avaliable at https://github.com/3083156185/MP-Abr.git. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the influence of parental psychological control on mobile phone addiction of vocational high school students and its mechanism. Starting from the perspectives of school, family and individual, further analyzing the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of school connection. The present study uses the parental psychological control scale, mobile phone addiction scale, loneliness scale and school connection questionnaire to investigate 1111 vocational high school students (Mage = 16.71 years, SD = 0.88) in a province in China. The results showed that: (1) Parental psychological control had a significant positive predictive effect on mobile phone addiction; (2) Loneliness plays a partial mediating role between parental psychological control and mobile phone addiction. (3) School connection plays a positive moderating role in the influence of loneliness on mobile phone addiction. The present study indicated that the relationship between parental psychological control and mobile phone addiction could be mediated by loneliness. More importantly, school connection plays a positive moderating role in the influence of loneliness on mobile phone addiction. Specifically, the positive predictive effect of loneliness on mobile phone addiction was greater for individuals with high levels of school connection than for individuals with low levels of school connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the X-ray scanning, mobile phone explosive modified at the battery is stealthy, which increases the difficulty of security inspections to detect prohibited phones. This critical issue has not received enough attention. In this paper, we contribute the first modified mobile phone X-ray image benchmark for object recognition, named MPXray. MPXray focuses on the detection of prohibited items that are imbalanced and fine-grained. To deal with such anomaly detection task where few abnormal samples are obtained, we propose a few-shot prohibited phone detection (FSPPD) model based on contrastive learning. FSPPD uses an unsupervised sampling module(USM) to obtain anchors that are more representative of the data distribution, so as to construct balanced input for contrastive learning. For handling hard-to-classify caused by fine-grained samples, an anchor-wise contrastive loss(AW-CL) is designed to supervise models speed up the proximity between intra-class samples and separation between between-class samples. FSPPD is more suitable for applications where electronic products need to be checked individually. We evaluate our model on MPXray, from both the classification perspective and anomaly detection perspective. Experimental results show that our model achieves better recall for modified mobile phones. Additionally, we verify the generalization ability of the proposed model on the CIFAR10 dataset. Compared with widely used algorithms, our model achieves certain superiority in recall metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]