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This article investigates the problem of output feedback control of fractional-order (0 < δ < 1) uncertain systems subject to deception attacks based on observer-based event-triggered scheme. Compared to the existing deception attacks, the proposed model consists of two random deception attacks on the fractional-order system. To decrease communication resource usage while maintaining desired system performance, an observer-based event-triggered scheme is proposed with no Zeno behavior. The Lyapunov functional theory is used to establish sufficient conditions for ensuring the global asymptotic stability of an uncertain fractional-order system. By applying singular value decomposition matrix, and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), observer and the controller gain matrices are obtained. Finally, DC–DC power converter model is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of advanced multifunctional compounds has gained significant momentum in recent scientific endeavours. This study is dedicated to elucidating the synthesis, rigorous characterization, and multifaceted applications—encompassing anti-corrosion, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties—of Diethyl 4-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. The 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative was meticulously synthesized through a strategic reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, ammonium acetate, and 5-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehydein the ethanol medium at 60 C. Subsequent spectral validations were conducted using sophisticated techniques, namely FTIR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry, resulting in data that perfectly resonated with the hypothesized chemical structure of the compound. Its anti-corrosive potential was assessed on mild steel subjected to an aggressive acidic environment, employing comprehensive methodologies like gravimetric analysis, Tafel polarization, and EIS. Concurrently, its antimicrobial prowess was ascertained against a spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Candida albicansandAspergillusniger, leveraging the disc diffusion method and using Gentamicin as a reference standard.The empirical results illustrated a substantial decrement in corrosion rates with ascending concentrations of the organic compound, achieving an apex of anti-corrosive efficacy at 81.89% for a concentration of 2 × 103 M. Furthermore, the compound outperformed Gentamicin in antimicrobial screenings, manifesting superior efficacy against all tested pathogens. The antioxidant potential, quantified using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay against ascorbic acid as a benchmark, was found to have an IC50 value of 113.964 ± 0.076 µg/ml.This comprehensive investigation accentuates the paramount potential of the synthesized dihydropyridine derivative in diverse domains—from industrial applications as a corrosion inhibitor to therapeutic avenues given its pronounced antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. The compelling results obtained pave the way for expansive research and development initiatives cantered around this multifaceted compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a novel approach to achieve finite-time synchronization (FTS) in a certain class of fractional-order complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) containing reaction-diffusion terms. The proposed method uses intermittent control and provides a theoretical analysis to establish criteria for achieving FTS. This is achieved through new Lyapunov functions based on the proposed system, deriving inequalities in the complex domain. To realize FTS, the study designs complex-valued intermittent controllers for the targeted CVNNs relying solely on the information obtained from the controlled nodes. Moreover, an adaptive controller is introduced to effectively regulate the control gain, and the FTS of CVNNs is analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies and derived results is demonstrated by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sampling data control of bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural network with leakage delay is considered in this article. The BAM model is viewed as a mixed delay that combines a distributed delay, a discrete delay that varies over time, and a delay in the leaking period. The sampling system is then converted to a continuous time-delay system using an input delay method. In order to get adequate conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs), we build a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional (LKF) in conjunction with the free weight matrix approach. Finally, a simulation results are given to show the efficiency of the theoretical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the observer-based security control of discrete-time Markov jump systems (MJSs) subject to hybrid cyber-attacks and unmeasured states via event-triggered scheme. The event-triggered scheme (ETS) is being developed to relieve more network burdens. A Luenburger observer is used to estimate the unmeasured states. In this work, the hybrid cyber attack is addressed, which contains deception attacks and DoS attacks. It is anticipated that input control signals sent across a network are vulnerable to hybrid cyber-attacks in which adversaries could inject fake data into the control signals. Since system state information is usually not fully known, an observer-based controller is built to stabilize the system and keep the right performance index even when hybrid cyber-attacks happen. By solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the controllers and observers are also obtained. Lastly, inverted pendulum applications are shown to show how well and realistically the theoretical results can be used to respond to and get rid of the effects of hybrid cyber-attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound care management aims at stimulating and improving healing process without scar formation. Although various plants have been reported to possess wound healing properties in tribal and folklore medicines, there is a lack of scientific data to validate the claim. In this aspect, it becomes inevitable to prove the efficacy of naturally derived products at pharmacological levels. Couroupita guianensis as a whole plant has been reported to exhibit wound healing activity. The leaves and fruit of this plant have been utilized in folkloric medicine to cure skin diseases and infections for many years. However, to the best of our knowledge, no scientific studies have been conducted to verify the wound healing properties of C. guianensis fruit pulp. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the wound healing potential of C. guianensis fruit pulp using an excision wound model in Wistar albino male rats. This study indicated that the ointment prepared from crude ethanolic extract of C. guianensis fruit pulp facilitated wound contraction that were evidenced by a greater reduction in the wound area and epithelialization period and increased hydroxyproline content. The experimental groups treated with low and mid dose of C. guianensis ethanol extract (CGEE) ointments had shown a wound closure of 80.27% and 89.11% respectively within 15 days, which is comparable to the standard betadine ointment which showed 91.44% healing in the treated groups. Further, the extract influenced the expression of genes VEGF and TGF-β on post wounding days that clearly explained the strong correlation between these genes and wound healing in the experimental rats. The animals treated with 10% CGEE ointment showed a significant upregulation of both VEGF and TGF-β as compared with other test and standard groups. These findings provide credence to the conventional application of this plant in the healing of wounds and other dermatological conditions, and may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of Mittag-Leffler synchronization of T–S fuzzy fractional-order discrete-time complex-valued molecular models of mRNA and protein in regulatory mechanisms with two kinds of regulation functions, respectively. A novel approach is proposed to effectively deal with the joint effects from leakage delay and time varying delay for the class of T–S fuzzy fractional-order discrete-time complex-valued genetic regulatory networks (FDTCVGRNs). By employing Lyapunov stability method and Caputo fractional difference inequalities, several effective conditions according to algebraic inequality and complex-valued linear matrix inequalities are deduced to guarantee the synchronization of the addressed FDTCVGRNs. Moreover, Mittag-Leffler synchronization problem of the nonlinear regulation function in complex-valued molecular models on the basis of general regulation function and linear threshold one. Compared with existing results in the literature, our results are less conservative than existing ones. Finally, simulation results with two numerical examples are demonstrated, which proves the validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Effective dimensionality reduction by using soft computing method in data mining techniques" has been retracted by the publisher due to concerns about compromised editorial handling and peer review processes. The investigation found that the article, along with others, did not meet the journal's standards and was not in line with the scope of the guest-edited issue. Authors A. Radhika and M. Syed Masood have not responded to inquiries regarding the retraction. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral in this matter. [Extracted from the article]

This study scrutinizes the extended dissipative problem for Markovian jump generalized neural networks with asynchronous mode-dependent time-varying interval delayed states. A suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and a new bounding technique can derive delay-dependent results to achieve an extended dissipative performance index. Jensen's inequality, reciprocally convex combination, and a novel integral inequality technique are utilized in this paper. The proposed criteria are reliable since many components are included in the unified neural network model, Markovian jumping, and time-varying delay with asynchronous modes. In this work, the systemic and time-varying delay modes are expressed asynchronously, which means that they depend on different jumping modes. Four numerical examples show the effectiveness and usefulness of the presented results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation behind this paper is to explore the issue of synchronization of fractional order neutral type fuzzy cellular neural networks with state feedback control. A novel fuzzy model state feedback controller is designed. By developing Lyapunov–Krasovskii (L–K) functional, utilizing improved Jensen's inequalities we derived sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The condition is presented in terms of LMIs, which can be easily checked by using MATLAB LMI toolbox. Finally, numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apparently, there has been abundant of data generation and transfer going on over a daily basis. This data can either be static, dynamic or transactional in nature. There is frequent appending of new data to the data that is being already existing. There occurs a need to explore and fetch knowledge from the newly added data. One of the solution can be executing the algorithm for the appended datasets, which turns out to be quiet complicated and time engulfing. Resultant technique of dimensionality reduction has been proposed that aids in minimizing data dimensionality for carrying out various data processing processes like machine learning, data mining, pattern recognition and text retrieval in an effect and weather condition, best crop production is being analyzed in the existing research by making use of the proposed algorithm of decision tree (DT). At last the research work recommends a technique to handle various stages such as pre-manner. The method of dimensionality reduction had been proposed and incorporated in the soil and agriculture domain. The research work recommends principle component analysis (PCA) which is a dimension reduction algorithm employed in dynamic environment in order to produce reduced set of attribute as dynamic reduce thereby learning from it and drawing out future prediction for weather forecasting. The proposed method aids in assessment of new datasets pertaining to agriculture and soil upon its availability and makes appropriate modification in reduce so as it fits the whole dataset. On the basis of soil processing, dimensionality reduction and prediction via DT algorithm. The recommended PCA helps in comprehending data semantics, making the writing of analytics agriculture applications quiet simplistic and employing the approach of dimensional reduction for enhancing the performance. To successfully accomplish this, the accuracy of the predictions is carried out by dimensional reduction that is configured using a number of variables and inputs. The results yield no information loss with least execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the issue of passivity and passification for delayed Markov jump bidirectional associate memory (BAM)-Type neural networks via non-uniform sampled-data control. By utilizing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional strategy, a novel delay-dependent passivity criterion is developed with respect to linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the Markov jump delayed BAM neural frameworks to be passive. At that point, in view of the got passivity conditions, the passification issue is further tackled by planning a mode-dependent non-uniform sampled-data controller design is presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the theoretical result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, the stability and consensus problem of the leader-following multi-agent system is studied. The state information of the leader is only available to the dynamics of all the followers, while the communication among the agents occurs at sampling instant. The innovative part of this paper is to reach the consensus and attain the stability for prescribed MASs with interval time varying delay using impulsive control in the presence of leader. The interaction between the agent is illustrated by an undirected graph. A class of distributed impulsive protocol relying on sampling information is suggested to reach the leader following consensus. The consensus is critically relying on the sampling period, control gains. By performing the similar procedures, the consensus problem of multi-agent system is converted to stability problem of the error system. By utilizing the stability theory of impulsive systems, algebraic graph theory, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the leader-following consensus of the multi-agent system. Terminally, a numerical example is given to show an efficacy of this presented approach and the sureness of theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchronization of complex networks with mixed time-varying coupling delays and stochastic perturbation. We constructed a novel Lyapunov functional with triple integral terms. By applying Jensen's inequality and Lyapunov stability theory stability conditions are derived to check the asymptotical stability of the concerned system. By employing the stochastic evaluation and Kronecker product delay-dependent synchronization criteria of stochastic complex dynamical networks are derived. By using the derived conditions control gain matrix is obtained. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, by proposing a sampled-data control scheme, we investigate the finite-time L ∞ performance state estimation of recurrent neural networks. By constructing a novel Lyapunov functional, new stability and stabilization conditions are derived. By utilizing integral inequality techniques, sufficient LMI conditions are derived to ensure the finite-time stability of considered neural networks. Furthermore, finite-time observer gain analysis of recurrent neural networks is set up to measure its disturbance tolerance capability in the fixed time interval. Numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concentrates on the extended dissipativity and event-triggered synchronization for T–S fuzzy Markovian jumping delayed stochastic neural networks with leakage delays and fault-tolerant control. We present an event-triggered communication scheme, which utilizes the effect of transmission delay with different failure rates. After giving a foundation to the stochastic model, the paper establishes some fundamental results on quadratically stable and extended dissipativity utilizing the Lyapunov functional, free-weight matrices, as well as the relationship between time-varying delay and leakage delays. The explicit expression of the desired controller gains and event-triggered parameters can be obtained by solving the established LMIs. The novel extended dissipative inequality contains several weighting matrices, by converting the weighting matrices in a new performance index, and the extended dissipativity will be degraded to the H ∞ performance, L 2 - L ∞ performance, passivity and dissipativity, respectively. Finally, interesting numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ciprofloxacin-loaded poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) (PVP) and dextran sulfate (Dex) (PVP/Dex) nanofibers were prepared using the emulsion electrospinning method. The physical and morphological characteristics of the prepared nanofibers were evaluated by conducting a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The polymer-polymer and polymer-drug interactions were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the formation of the core-shell structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser microscopy. The sustained release behavior was evaluated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and its kinetic mechanism was investigated using Korsmeyer-Peppas, Peppas-Sahlin, and Weibull models by a non-linear regression equation. The antibacterial properties were evaluated using the disc diffusion method with respect to several wound gram-positive (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Proteus vulgaris). In general, the release behavior of Ciprofloxacin from PVP/Dex is controlled by diffusion in the delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the exponential dissipativity and passivity criterions for generalized bidirectional associative memory neural networks (BAMGNNs) including interval time-varying delayed signals. Exponential dissipativity and passivity criterions are proposed by making suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and proposing a novel approach. The improved reciprocally convex combination and weighted integral inequality techniques are utilized to obtain new exponential dissipativity and passivity conditions of such delayed BAMGNNs. The feasibility of the obtained results is clearly demonstrated by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the problem of event triggered finite time H ∞ boundedness of uncertain Markov jump neural networks with distributed time varying delays. To reduce the limited network bandwidth, an event triggered scheme is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to design the event triggered scheme, such that the proposed neural networks have finite time boundedness with admissible uncertainties. The integral terms in the derivative of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional are handled by the Wirtinger and Auxillary function based inequality techniques. The proposed conditions are represented by linear matrix inequalities to determine the finite time stability. The advantage of the method in this paper over some existing ones is shown by comparing the results with the existing results. At the end, numerical examples are given to verify the efficiency of the proposed method among them one example was supported by real-life application of the benchmark problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this draft, we consider the problem of robust extended dissipativity for uncertain discrete-time neural networks (DNNs) with time-varying delays. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF), sufficient conditions are established to ensure that the considered time-delayed uncertain DNN is extended dissipative. The derived conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the superiority of this result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the problem of sampled-data control for static neural networks with interval time-varying delays. As opposed to the continuous measurement, the sampled measurement is used to estimate the neuron states, and a sampled-data estimator is constructed. By converting the sampling period into a bounded time-varying delays, the error dynamics of the considered neural network is derived in terms of a dynamic system with two different time-delays. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with double and triple integral terms and using Jensen inequality, delay-dependent criteria are presented, so that the error system is asymptotically stable. Delay-dependent asymptotically stability condition is established in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) framework, which can be readily solved using the LMI toolbox. Finally, three examples are given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation behind this paper is to explore the issue of passivity and passification for delayed neural networks with Markov jump parameters. A state feedback control approach with non-uniform sampling period is considered. The interest of this paper lies in the thought about another basic uniqueness wound up being less conservatism than watched Jensen’s inequality and takes totally the relationship between the terms in the Leibniz-Newton formula inside the arrangement of linear matrix inequalities. By utilizing the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional strategy, a novel delay-dependent passivity criterion is developed with respect to linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the Markov jump delayed neural frameworks to be passive. Passivity and passification problems are tackled by using mode-dependent non-uniform sampled-data control. Using many examples from the literature, it is exhibited that the proposed stabilization theorem is less direct than past results. Finally, the framework is associated with benchmark issue, exhibiting to gather compelling stability criteria for reasonable issues, using the proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates decentralized event-triggered stability analysis of neutral-type BAM neural networks with Markovian jump parameters and mixed time varying delays. We apply the decentralized event triggered approach to the bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks to reduce the network traffic and the resource of computation. A bidirectional associative memory neural networks is constructed with the mixed time varying delays and Markov process parameters. The criteria for the asymptotically stability are proposed by using with the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method, reciprocal convex property and Jensen’s inequality. Stability condition of neutral-type BAM neural networks with Markovian jump parameters and mixed delays is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally three numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new less conservative stability and H∞ state-feedback controller design of nonlinear uncertain systems with discrete interval and distributed time-varying delays. The main objective of this work is to attain robust asymptotic stability of concerned nonlinear system with H∞ performance index. By constructing suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) with quadruple integral terms, sufficient conditions are obtained for delay-dependent robust H¥ state-feedback control in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, numerical examples are added to show the advantage and usefulness of this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite-time H¥ boundedness of discrete-time Markovian jumping neural netwoks with time-varying delays. A new sufficient condition is presented which guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system and the same time maximizes the boundedness on the non-linearity. An extension of fixed transition probability Markovian model is combined to time-varying transition probabilities has offered. By constructing a novel Lyapunov - Krasovskii functional, the system under consideration is subject to interval timevarying delay and norm-bounded disturbances. Linear matrix inequality approach is used to solve the finite-time stability problem. Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  A bacterium that was able to tolerate and reduce as high as 50 mM of sodium molybdate to molybdenum blue has been isolated from a metal recycling ground. The isolate was tentatively identified as Serratia sp. strain Dr.Y8 based on the carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. ANOVA analysis showed that isolate Dr.Y8 produced significantly higher (P Serratia marcescens strain Dr.Y6, E. coli K12 and E. cloacae strain 48, respectively. Its molybdate reduction characteristics were studied in this work. Electron donor sources such as sucrose, mannitol, fructose, glucose and starch supported molybdate reduction. The optimum phosphate, pH and temperature that supported molybdate reduction were 5 mM, pH 6.0 and 37°C, respectively. The molybdenum blue produced from cellular reduction exhibited a unique absorption spectrum with a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm. Metal ions such as chromium, silver, copper and mercury resulted in approximately 61, 57, 80, and 69% inhibition of the molybdenum-reducing activity at 1 mM, respectively. The reduction characteristics of strain Dr.Y8 suggest that it would be useful in future molybdenum bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  A molybdate-reducing bacterium has been locally isolated. The bacterium reduces molybdate or Mo6 to molybdenum blue (molybdate oxidation states of between 5 and 6). Different carbon sources such as acetate, formate, glycerol, citric acid, lactose, fructose, glucose, mannitol, tartarate, maltose, sucrose, and starch were used at an initial concentration of 0.2% (w/v) in low phosphate media to study their effect on the molybdate reduction efficiency of bacterium. All of the carbon sources supported cellular growth, but only sucrose, maltose, glucose, and glycerol (in decreasing order) supported molybdate reduction after 24 h of incubation. Optimum concentration of sucrose for molybdate reduction is 1.0% (w/v) after 24 h of static incubation. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, valine, OH-proline, glutamic acid, and alanine (in the order of decreasing efficiency) supported molybdate reduction with ammonium sulfate giving the highest amount of molybdenum blue after 24 h of incubation at 0.3% (w/v). The optimum molybdate concentration that supports molybdate reduction is between 15 and 25 mM. Molybdate reduction is optimum at 35 °C. Phosphate at concentrations higher than 5 mM strongly inhibits molybdate reduction. The molybdenum blue produced from cellular reduction exhibits a unique absorption spectrum with a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm. The isolate was tentatively identified as Serratia marcescens Strain Dr.Y6 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16s rDNA molecular phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present a multi-wavelength and multi-instrument investigation of a halo coronal mass ejection (CME) from active region NOAA 12371 on 21 June 2015 that led to a major geomagnetic storm of minimum Dst=−204 nT. The observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory in the hot EUV channel of 94 Å confirm the CME to be associated with a coronal sigmoid that displayed an intense emission (T∼6 MK) from its core before the onset of the eruption. Multi-wavelength observations of the source active region suggest tether-cutting reconnection to be the primary triggering mechanism of the flux rope eruption. Interestingly, the flux rope eruption exhibited a two-phase evolution during which the “standard” large-scale flare reconnection process originated two composite M-class flares. The eruption of the flux rope is followed by the coronagraphic observation of a fast, halo CME with linear projected speed of 1366 km s−1. The dynamic radio spectrum in the decameter-hectometer frequency range reveals multiple continuum-like enhancements in type II radio emission which imply the interaction of the CME with other preceding slow speed CMEs in the corona within ≈10 - 90R⊙. The scenario of CME-CME interaction in the corona and interplanetary medium is further confirmed by the height-time plots of the CMEs occurring during 19 - 21 June. In situ measurements of solar wind magnetic field and plasma parameters at 1 AU exhibit two distinct magnetic clouds, separated by a magnetic hole. Synthesis of near-Sun observations, interplanetary radio emissions, and in situ measurements at 1 AU reveal complex processes of CME-CME interactions right from the source active region to the corona and interplanetary medium that have played a crucial role towards the large enhancement of the geoeffectiveness of the halo CME on 21 June 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Imidazo-benzamides are considered to be good anti-cancer agents. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of a novel imidazo-benzamide derivative N-(2-(3-(tert-butyl)ureido)ethyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide (TBUEIB) in lung cancer cell line A549.The antiproliferative activity of TBUEIB was investigated using MTT, LDH and trypan blue assay. The apoptotic potential was investigated using various staining techniques and further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting.TBUEIB inhibited fifty precent A549 cells at a dose of 106 μM. The novel compound was found to exert a modulatory effect on apoptotic marker caspase-3 as well as epigenetic regulatory proteins like DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). In silico studies with the compound and other epigenetic proteins such as Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and ubiquitin-like with PHD (plant homeodomain) and RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domains 1(UHRF1) showed good modulatory effects.The overall results obtained in the study conclude that the novel compound TBUEIB has potential anti-cancer activities, mainly by targeting the expression of DNMT1 enzyme, which may have re-activated the major tumor suppressor genes involved in the cell cycle, leading to the apoptosis of the cancer cells. The results also indicate that the compound has more than one target in the epigenetic pathway implying that the compound may be a potential multi-target compound.Methods: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Imidazo-benzamides are considered to be good anti-cancer agents. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of a novel imidazo-benzamide derivative N-(2-(3-(tert-butyl)ureido)ethyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide (TBUEIB) in lung cancer cell line A549.The antiproliferative activity of TBUEIB was investigated using MTT, LDH and trypan blue assay. The apoptotic potential was investigated using various staining techniques and further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting.TBUEIB inhibited fifty precent A549 cells at a dose of 106 μM. The novel compound was found to exert a modulatory effect on apoptotic marker caspase-3 as well as epigenetic regulatory proteins like DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). In silico studies with the compound and other epigenetic proteins such as Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and ubiquitin-like with PHD (plant homeodomain) and RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domains 1(UHRF1) showed good modulatory effects.The overall results obtained in the study conclude that the novel compound TBUEIB has potential anti-cancer activities, mainly by targeting the expression of DNMT1 enzyme, which may have re-activated the major tumor suppressor genes involved in the cell cycle, leading to the apoptosis of the cancer cells. The results also indicate that the compound has more than one target in the epigenetic pathway implying that the compound may be a potential multi-target compound.Results: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Imidazo-benzamides are considered to be good anti-cancer agents. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of a novel imidazo-benzamide derivative N-(2-(3-(tert-butyl)ureido)ethyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide (TBUEIB) in lung cancer cell line A549.The antiproliferative activity of TBUEIB was investigated using MTT, LDH and trypan blue assay. The apoptotic potential was investigated using various staining techniques and further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting.TBUEIB inhibited fifty precent A549 cells at a dose of 106 μM. The novel compound was found to exert a modulatory effect on apoptotic marker caspase-3 as well as epigenetic regulatory proteins like DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). In silico studies with the compound and other epigenetic proteins such as Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and ubiquitin-like with PHD (plant homeodomain) and RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domains 1(UHRF1) showed good modulatory effects.The overall results obtained in the study conclude that the novel compound TBUEIB has potential anti-cancer activities, mainly by targeting the expression of DNMT1 enzyme, which may have re-activated the major tumor suppressor genes involved in the cell cycle, leading to the apoptosis of the cancer cells. The results also indicate that the compound has more than one target in the epigenetic pathway implying that the compound may be a potential multi-target compound.Conclusion: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Imidazo-benzamides are considered to be good anti-cancer agents. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of a novel imidazo-benzamide derivative N-(2-(3-(tert-butyl)ureido)ethyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide (TBUEIB) in lung cancer cell line A549.The antiproliferative activity of TBUEIB was investigated using MTT, LDH and trypan blue assay. The apoptotic potential was investigated using various staining techniques and further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting.TBUEIB inhibited fifty precent A549 cells at a dose of 106 μM. The novel compound was found to exert a modulatory effect on apoptotic marker caspase-3 as well as epigenetic regulatory proteins like DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). In silico studies with the compound and other epigenetic proteins such as Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and ubiquitin-like with PHD (plant homeodomain) and RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domains 1(UHRF1) showed good modulatory effects.The overall results obtained in the study conclude that the novel compound TBUEIB has potential anti-cancer activities, mainly by targeting the expression of DNMT1 enzyme, which may have re-activated the major tumor suppressor genes involved in the cell cycle, leading to the apoptosis of the cancer cells. The results also indicate that the compound has more than one target in the epigenetic pathway implying that the compound may be a potential multi-target compound.Graphical abstract: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Imidazo-benzamides are considered to be good anti-cancer agents. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of a novel imidazo-benzamide derivative N-(2-(3-(tert-butyl)ureido)ethyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide (TBUEIB) in lung cancer cell line A549.The antiproliferative activity of TBUEIB was investigated using MTT, LDH and trypan blue assay. The apoptotic potential was investigated using various staining techniques and further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting.TBUEIB inhibited fifty precent A549 cells at a dose of 106 μM. The novel compound was found to exert a modulatory effect on apoptotic marker caspase-3 as well as epigenetic regulatory proteins like DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). In silico studies with the compound and other epigenetic proteins such as Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and ubiquitin-like with PHD (plant homeodomain) and RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domains 1(UHRF1) showed good modulatory effects.The overall results obtained in the study conclude that the novel compound TBUEIB has potential anti-cancer activities, mainly by targeting the expression of DNMT1 enzyme, which may have re-activated the major tumor suppressor genes involved in the cell cycle, leading to the apoptosis of the cancer cells. The results also indicate that the compound has more than one target in the epigenetic pathway implying that the compound may be a potential multi-target compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]