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THE SENSE OF SMELL The nose is normally mistakenly assumed to be the organ of smell reception. It is not. The primary function of the nose is to regulate the temperature and humidity of inspired air, thereby protecting the delicate linings of the lungs. This is achieved by the breathed air passing through narrow passageways formed by three nasal turbinates in each nostril. The turbinates are covered by spongy vascular cells which can expand or contract to open or close the nasal pathways. The olfactory receptors, innervated by the 1st cranial nerve, are located at the top of the nose. There are about 50 million smell receptors in the human olfactory epithelia, the total size of which, in humans, is about that of a small postage stamp, with half being at the top of the left and half at the top of the right nostril. The receptive surfaces of olfactory cells are ciliated and extend into a covering layer of mucus. There is a constant turnover of olfactory cells. Their average active life has been estimated to be about 28 days.

Polymers are essential to biology because they can have enough stable degrees of freedom to store the molecular code of heredity and to express the sequences needed to manufacture new molecules. Through these they perform or control virtually every function in life. Although some biopolymers are created and spend their entire career in the relatively large free space inside cells or organelles, many biopolymers must migrate through a narrow passageway to get to their targeted destination. This suggests the questions: How does confining a polymer affect its behavior and function? What does that tell us about the interactions between the monomers that comprise the polymer and the molecules that confine it? Can we design and build devices that mimic the functions of these nanoscale systems? The NATO Advanced Research Workshop brought together for four days in Bikal, Hungary over forty experts in experimental and theoretical biophysics, molecular biology, biophysical chemistry, and biochemistry interested in these questions. Their papers collected in this book provide insight on biological processes involving confinement and form a basis for new biotechnological applications using polymers. In his paper Edmund DiMarzio asks: What is so special about polymers? Why are polymers so prevalent in living things? The chemist says the reason is that a protein made of N amino acids can have any of 20 different kinds at each position along the chain, resulting in 20 N different polymers, and that the complexity of life lies in this variety.

Since the respiratory airways branch to all parts of the lungs and ready access is provided through the nose or mouth, exploration of these passages for direct visualization or tissue sampling has long been a clinical challenge. This would be particularly helpful in diagnosing those pulmonary diseases that involve the bronchial tree or affect the surrounding lung parenchyma which prove difficult to diagnose or define by indirect methods. The pioneering efforts of Chevalier Jackson in 1918, using bismuth insufflation for radiologic visualization of the bronchial tree, and of Sicard and Forestier, who introduced poppy seed oil (lipiodol) in 1922, rapidly established bronchography as a practical radiologic diagnostic procedure. The initial enthusiasm was soon tempered by recognition of practical problems, and over the years the popularity of bronchography has waxed and waned as techniques were refined and new equipment, instrumentation and contrast agents evaluated. At the same time, alternative methods of diagnosis were being developed, notably sputum cytology, percutaneous needle aspira­ tion and biopsy, and bronchial brushing. In recent years, a number of medical and technologic developments have revived interest in transbronchial techniques and have made such a diagnostic approach more attractive. Improvements in topical airway anesthesia effectiveness have simplified passage of a variety of catheters, brushes, biopsy devices, fiberoptic or other bronchoscopic instruments along the bronchial passageways. Methods of guiding the catheter or other trans bronchial instrument toward the target site in the lung have also been refined.

This book provides a case study on how to design and build an introductory geology course for non-science majors. The book presents a foundation with the status of geoscience education and research in geoscience conceptual development as a backdrop for the design process. It then describes the instructional goal-setting process and development of the structural components of the course based on the determined goals. The book presents the three historical narratives (the earth is a historical entity, the earth is very old, and the earth is dynamic) that form the foundation of instruction. It also describes examples of the implicit, explicit, and reflective treatments of the nature of science to help student develop a better sense of the process of geology. Finally, the book gives preliminary results from some innovative approaches to research on student learning within the domains of geological content knowledge and NOS content knowledge within the course.

This book presents the proceedings of the 9th edition of the International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER 2023) and delves into the research trends of energy systems in terms of generation, storage and distribution so they can become more sustainable in the future. The topics covered include conventional, non-conventional and renewable energy technologies, energy storage and conversion, energy policy, energy economics, energy efficiency and management, electric vehicles and smart grids and the social and environmental aspects of energy. The topics presented in the book are a combination of experimental and modeling studies which include simulation, design and optimization of the systems. This proceedings volume is a compendium of the latest advances in energy research for scientific researchers, policymakers, academicians, and industry experts. It is also expected to benefit economists, rural activists, and social scientists, among others.

This book illustrates innovative support-decision models, methods, and advanced automation and robotic technologies aimed at enhancing the overall performance of Warehousing and Material Handling (WMH) in terms of time and space efficiency, service levels, labor safety, and ergonomics. It provides a collection of cutting-edge issues commonly faced in warehousing systems worldwide, along with a structured set of methodologies and technological solutions to address them.Warehousing and Material Handling (WMH) are pivotal processes within supply chain and production systems. They involve the handling, consolidation, and storage of goods such as raw materials, parts, components, and finished products within distribution centers. WMH is also a key component of distribution networks, serving as a hierarchy of facilities dedicated to receiving materials from vendors and shipping to customers while meeting service level and performance targets.The book offers readers the opportunity to explore this topic from multiple knowledge levels and perspectives. At the basic level, it introduces readers to the problems, issues, nomenclature, fundamental models, and methods to support the decision-making process. At an intermediate level, it delves into the state-of-the-art on critical issues in warehousing and material handling systems. Finally, at an advanced level, it delves into the most challenging and recent research and industry issues, addressing both providers and users of WMH solutions and technologies.The book's intended audience includes undergraduate students, graduate students, PhD students, post-doc researchers, scholars, and researchers from academia and industry. It is also relevant for practitioners and managers working in production, logistics, and supply chain environments. The authors'approach is multidisciplinary, with a special focus on logistics, automation, optimization, safety, ergonomics, and the overall sustainability of WMH systems and operations.

The book presents select proceedings of the 9th Conference on Transportation Systems Engineering and Management (CTSEM 2023). It broadly covers areas of transportation engineering, namely traffic engineering and safety, transportation planning and pavement engineering. In particular, the book delves into the current research in specific areas including but not limited to intelligent transportation systems and applications, public transport planning and management, urban and regional transportation planning, freight transport and logistics, traffic flow modeling and management, highway design and maintenance, pavement materials and characterization, accident investigations and crash preventive measures, pedestrian facilities and safety, pavement design and construction, pavement evaluation and management, and sustainable transportation. It also sheds light on topics like Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data and the Internet of Things (IoT), and their application in transportation systems. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in transportation engineering and civil engineering.

The book deals with the relationship and interaction between epikarst and surface karstification in seven chapters. The focus of the book is the development of the epikarst of different karst types and the genetics between the epikarst and landscape features. Chapter 1 gives a general description on the epikarst. Chapter 2 describes the sediment structure of subsidence dolines and interprets their development. It illustrates the interaction between the epikarst and surface karstification in different environments and rocks, which is primarily based on geoelectric resistance data of the bedrock of the karst. The investigations include covered karsts (Chapters 3 and 4), glaciokarsts (Chapter 4), a dolomite terrain (Chapter 6) and tropical karren (Chapter 7).

This book presents the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electrical, Control and Computer Engineering (InECCE 2023), held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 22 August 2023. The topics covered are sustainable energy, power electronics and drives and power engineering including distributed/renewable generation, power system optimization, artificial/computational intelligence, smart grid, power system protection and machine learning energy management and conservation. The book showcases some of the latest technologies and applications developed to solve local energy and power problems in order to ensure continuity, reliability and security of electricity for future generations. It also links topics covered the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) areas outlined by the United Nation for global sustainability. The book appeals to professionals, scientists and researchers with experience in industry. The book represents Volume 1 for this conference proceedings, which consist of a 2-volume book series

The book features original papers from the 4th International Conference on Smart IoT Systems: Innovations in Computing (SSIC 2023), organized by Manipal University, Jaipur, India during 26 – 27 October 2023. It discusses scientific works related to data engineering in context of computational collective intelligence consisted of interaction between smart devices for smart environments and interactions. Thanks to the high-quality content and the broad range of the topics covered, the book appeals to researchers pursuing advanced studies.

This book offers a comprehensive collection of review and case chapters that cover cadmium toxicity and remediation. It covers sources of cadmium contamination, its impact on human health, and prospective remediation strategies, taking a multi-disciplinary approach a focus on application of recent advanced biological technology. The chapters here bring together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability and health researchers to address the challenges caused by cadmium contamination, explaining the routes of exposure to environmental cadmium, how cadmium is transported in ecosystems, and the health risks linked to cadmium exposure in food and the environment. This book contains two sections. The first section describes the different sources and distribution of cadmium in soil and plant ecosystems. The second section addresses sustainable cadmium toxicity mitigation strategies and potential applications of recent biological technology. This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals studying cadmium contamination throughout the world.

This book is a long-overdue contribution to the history of Black feminist activism in the UK. It provides unique insights into both historical and contemporary issues that impact Black women, their families and their communities, including immigration, education, policing, domestic violence and poverty. It fills a void in sociological and feminist literature by centring the voices, lived experiences and perspectives of women of the African and Caribbean Diaspora in the UK. Through the use of research, archival materials, narrative interviews, photographs, poems and reflective conversations, the authors explore the social issues which inspired these women's action for change. In drawing on personal and professional testimonies grounded in over two decades of community activism and scholarly analysis, the authors weave together the story of the Abasindi Cooperative, a woman's organisation famed for its progressive and far-reaching social justice programmes. In so doing the authors reveal narratives of political struggle that have their resonance in present-day society. This book is an acknowledgment and celebration of the sociopolitical activism and achievements of Black women in the UK and represents the hope, solidarity and triumph possible when women organise collectively to tackle social and racial injustice.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 18th World Conference on Seismic Isolation (18WCSI), held in Antalya, Turkey, on November 6-10, 2023. Organized by Turkish Association for Seismic Isolation (TASI) and endorsed by Anti-Seismic Systems International Society (ASSISi Association), the conference discussed state-of-the-art information as well as emerging concepts and innovative applications related to seismic isolation, energy dissipation, and active vibration control of structures, resilience, and sustainability. The book covers highly diverse topics, including earthquake-resistant construction, protection from natural and man-made impacts, safety of structures, vulnerability, international standards on structures with seismic isolation, seismic isolation in existing structures and cultural heritage, seismic isolation in high-rise buildings, and seismic protection of non-structural elements, equipment, and statues.

The book fills the existing gap in the literature on clean and hydrogen combustion technologies for industrial applications. This gas is created due to the absence of a comprehensive textbook that covers such kinds of developments. This book can be used as a textbook for graduate-level courses in the areas of clean and hydrogen combustion and as a reference book for short courses to be offered to mechanical and aerospace engineers and young researchers worldwide. The book chapters consider investigating clean and hydrogen combustion techniques for different applications based on experimental measurements along with detailed numerical simulations. Detailed descriptions of the different numerical models are presented for given applications to solve for the flow/flame fields, which are very important, especially for beginners and undergraduate students in the fields of clean and hydrogen combustion.

A concise, portable surgery reference for residents, fellows, and attendings, this book covers a wide range of the most commonly performed procedures in general surgery. The information is presented in a clear and concise manner with a logical layout. A pocketbook size, this allows readers to use the book on the go and between cases. Focusing on a variety of surgical procedures it can be used to check up throughout the day to check up on operations at any given time. The comprehensive illustrations help the reader to understand the procedures described, thanks to inter-operative photographs which provide accurate representations of the various techniques of the operations. The wide scope of this book ensures coverage of the most common general surgery procedures and the most common operations that faculty, residents and students encounter.

This book mainly presents the state-of-the-art development in indoor sound environment. Not simply introducing the research on the acoustic environment or noise level of indoor building, the book considers the differences in the function of buildings and the perception of acoustic environment, as well as the relationship between sound quality and health and behavior. The book includes the multidisciplinary studies in architecture, acoustics, environmental science, psychology, sociology, and management. Therefore, it is used as a guide for government decision-makers, developers, planners, and architects to understand the effects of architectural design on building acoustic environment.

This open access book analyzes the achievements and challenges of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from the macro and industrial, real and financial, domestic and international perspectives, and explores the opportunities for future development and related public policy issues. It is a new research achievement of CICC Research and CICC Global Institute on major issues in China's new development stage. The year 2023 marks the tenth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Over the past decade, BRI has established more than 3,000 cooperation projects, galvanized nearly 1 trillion U.S. dollars of investment, created more than 420,000 jobs, and lifted nearly 40 million people out of poverty. BRI has made remarkable achievements in promoting connectivity and cooperative development between China and participating countries, and has been welcomed by the international community both as a public good and a cooperation platform. Compared with ten years ago, the global environment has undergone profound changes. COVID-19 epidemic has brought great impacts to the world, and the post-epidemic economic recovery is uneven, with some long-term scarring effects still emerging. New changes and constraints, such as geopolitical events, industry chain adjustment, and green transition, have also exerted far-reaching influences on the economic fundamentals and global governance. Under the new situation, international cooperation mechanisms, including BRI, are facing new problems and challenges, which need to be explored and solved in practice. This book is both academically rigorous and readable, and provides valuable references for public policy departments, enterprises, and financial institutions who seek to better understand the macro, financial and industrial trends of BRI.

This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2023 edition of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. It presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research that focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.

This second edition is a resource that offers guidance to advanced practice providers who are experienced or novice aesthetic practitioners and would like to improve their aesthetic practice and enhance patient safety and satisfaction. This new book reviews skin structure and anatomy, what happens as facial structures age, the effects of aging coupled with environmental exposures, pharmacology of medications used in aesthetics, light-based device properties, patient selection, danger zones, complications, new treatments, and benefits of treatments. In addition, it includes suggestions on how to communicate with patients to achieve successful outcomes. Aesthetic Procedures: Nurse Practitioner's Guide to Cosmetic Dermatology provides practitioners a one-source resource to attain more in-depth learning about cosmetic dermatology. Although there are several texts on individual aspects of aesthetic medicine, there is no all-inclusive book for advanced practice providers. This book also affords the primary care practitioner the opportunity to add minimally invasive cosmetic dermatology procedures to their practice and perform the treatments safely, efficiently and effectively while avoiding common mistakes and minimizing complication risks. Education and hands-on practice and training are paramount in creating a safe patient environment and as more clinicians turn to aesthetics to augment their practice, this book will be a valuable resource for practitioners all over the world.

This book features papers focusing on the implementation of new and future technologies, which were presented at the International Conference on New Technologies, Development and Application—Advanced Production Processes and Intelligent Systems held at the Academy of Science and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo on 20–22 June 2024. It covers a wide range of future technologies and technical disciplines, including complex systems such as Industry 4.0; robotics; mechatronics systems; automation; manufacturing; cyber-physical and autonomous systems; sensors; networks; control, energy, renewable energy sources; automotive and biological systems; vehicular networking and connected vehicles; and intelligent transport, effectiveness and logistics systems, smart grids, nonlinear systems, power, social and economic systems, education, and IoT. The book New Technologies, Development and Application VII is oriented toward Fourth Industrial Revolution “Industry 4.0”, which implementation will improve many aspects of human life in all segments and lead to changes in business paradigms and production models. Further, new business methods are emerging, transforming production systems, transport, delivery, and consumption, which need to be monitored and implemented by every company involved in the global market.

This volume constitutes selected papers presented during the Second International Conference on New Media Pedagogy: Research Trends, Methodological Challenges, and Successful Implementations, NMP 2023, held in Cracow, Poland, in November 2023. The 29 papers presented were reviewed and selected from 90 submissions. They focus on recent research and emerging concerns in the field of media pedagogy, such as determinants of teachers'functioning in computerised schools, digitally assisted didactics, ICT-based solutions for teaching support, e-learning during crisis, digital inclusion and exclusion, Artificial intelligence in education and more.

This book shows how energy flow plays a major role in: plate tectonics; the formation of continents; ocean basins; and building mountains. Energy flow also produces and drives volcanos, Earth's magnetic field, the wind belts, our weather, and ocean circulation. The studies of convection cells, eddies, and energy flow all contribute to our understanding of how they are all formed and driven. Insight accumulated during 55 years of research is presented using simple fluid mechanics. The mathematics is algebra. No calculus or advanced geometry is used, so the text is readable to a broad audience. Some laboratory and computer studies are described that help to visualize the applications. This book should appeal to anyone interested in how energy flow is responsible for much of the earth's larger “workings”. In addition to the general public, these include people who work in applied mathematics, fluid mechanics, earth science, and climate.

This book provides a guide for the marine community to understand and address the noise and vibration environment associated with ships. Controlling noise and vibration in an effective and optimal manner requires a comprehensive understanding of all the ship systems that are involved in achieving a quiet vessel. While there are numerous published articles addressing various components of shipboard noise and vibration, this represents the first comprehensive book on the subject. Beginning from the basic acoustics of noise and vibration, it builds to more complex considerations in undersea sound, ship design, and compliance. The book provides an understanding of the ‘source-path-receiver'modelling of shipboard noise and vibration. It delivers an overview of how to select and optimize both noise and vibration control treatments along with design guidance and methods to demonstrate compliance with acoustic regulations. It reflects the knowledge gained by the authors consulting over 40years each on hundreds of vessels, and represents an invaluable resource for ship builders and marine engineers.

This open access book fills a gap in the literature on shipping in a number of cross-cutting fields (including marine transportation law and policy, law of the sea, Indigenous rights, marine environmental management, and risk and safety studies). Moreover, the book includes a focus on the consideration of Indigenous rights in shipping, a topic of emerging importance. There are, to our knowledge, no directly competing titles with the same interdisciplinary approach to conceptualize, understand, and describe best practices for area-based management approaches. There are, however, related titles which cover some aspects of area-based management, usually from narrow disciplinary perspectives. Area-based management in the governance of shipping has become a useful and effective approach to promote maritime safety, maritime security, and pollution prevention and to mitigate the adverse impacts of shipping on the marine environment and coastal communities. Based on the results of a research project and a major workshop convened at Dalhousie University in Canada, this book consists of multidisciplinary studies and analyses of major issues pertaining to area-based management in shipping from a comparative perspective, but with the principal focus on Canada. The book contains both theoretical and empirical contributions.

This edited book is a comprehensive and forward-thinking exploration of the challenges and opportunities in building environmentally resilient and thriving cities. In a rapidly urbanizing world, the management of land, water, and pollution within built-up areas is a critical issue, and this book presents a wealth of knowledge to address it. It showcases a range of case studies and real-world applications that illustrate successful strategies and innovative solutions for urban sustainability. These practical examples offer valuable insights for urban planners, policymakers, and environmental practitioners.The book delves into cutting-edge research and visionary solutions. It goes beyond conventional approaches to explore emerging technologies and futuristic concepts, positioning itself at the forefront of urban sustainability. Readers will discover innovative ideas that can shape the future of urban development, making cities more livable, sustainable, and resilient.

This book comprehensively covers various aspects of biobased nanomaterials, including their types, fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and applications in different fields. The book starts with an introduction to biobased nanomaterials, highlighting their significance in various fields due to their unique properties. The first few chapters cover the different types of biobased nanomaterials, their properties, and how they are extracted from various natural sources. The methods of fabrication of biobased nanomaterials are discussed in detail, including the techniques for controlling their size, shape, and composition. It then delves into the characterization of biobased nanomaterials, discussing the different techniques used to determine their properties, including their morphology, size, structure, and composition. The subsequent chapters explore the various applications of biobased nanomaterials in different fields such as environmental applications, wound healing, tissue engineering, food industry, agriculture, sensing technology, biomedical applications, and energy storage devices. The advantages of biobased nanomaterials over traditional nanomaterials are highlighted, including their biodegradability and sustainability. The environmental concerns associated with biobased nanomaterials, as well as the health and safety concerns, are also discussed. The book concludes by looking at the prospects of biobased nanomaterials and how they can contribute to sustainable development. Overall, the book is an informative and comprehensive book that provides a thorough understanding of biobased nanomaterials and their various applications. It is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals in various fields such as materials science, chemistry, biology, and environmental science. alike.

This open access volume explores the impact of globalization on the contemporary study of deep-time art. The volume explores how early rock art research's Eurocentric biases have shifted with broadened global horizons to facilitate new conversations and discourses in new post-colonial realities. The book uses seven main themes to explore theoretical, methodological, ethical, and practical developments that are orienting the study of Pleistocene and Holocene arts in the age of globalization. Compiling studies as diverse as genetics, visualization, with the proliferation of increasingly sophisticated archaeological techniques, means that vast quantities of materials and techniques are now incorporated into the analysis of the world's visual cultures. Deep-Time Images in the Age of Globalization aims to promote critical reflection on the multitude of positive – and negative – impacts that globalization has wrought in rock art research. The volume brings new theoretical frameworks as well as engagement with indigenous knowledge and perspectives from art history. It highlights technical, methodological and interpretive developments, and showcases rock art characteristics from previously unknown (in the global north) geographic areas. This book provides comparative approaches on rock art globally and scrutinises the impacts of globalization on research, preservation, and management of deep-time art. This book will appeal to archaeologists, social scientists and art historians working in the field as well as lovers of rock art.

This book presents the diversity of Dinosaur tracks found in Mesozoic basins in Brazil and brings it in a paleoenvironmental context. Each chapter includes information about the geology of the site, the distribution of the footprints, their diversity as well as a paleontological interpretation. The book provides information about the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic aspects of the Mesozoic. All chapters contain a geological map, images of the footprints and dinosaur tracks and a reconstruction of the environment in which the tracks were found. The book is aimed at geoscientists and paleontologists, including researchers which focus on evolution subjects.

This volume contains twenty-six lectures on basic anatomy and physiology for first-year university students. Topics included are standard for anatomy and physiology courses, including cells and tissues, a brief review of chemistry, thermoregulation and homeostasis, the musculo-skeletal system, structure and function of blood vessels, respiration, the reproductive system, and more.Also included are sixteen worksheets with homework exercises that complement the lectures. Suggested answers to all the worksheets are also included at the end of the book.This is an ideal book for professors teaching basic anatomy and physiology courses as well as researchers, students, and professionals looking to brush up on the subject. The book complements the already published, Martin Caon (2020) “Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and physiology: 2900 Multiple Choice Questions and 64 Essay Topics. 3rd Ed.” Springer ISBN 978-3-030-47313-6

The book focuses on some of the most pressing issues in international investment law in Asia, such as the role of developing countries, the rebalancing between the investors'rights protection and the host states'right to regulate, the ISDS reform, among others. The book investigates these issues by looking into the bilateral investment treaties and investment arbitration cases in the region. The readers will benefit from this book's rich content and wide coverage. For instance, the readers would learn more about Asian states'Bilateral Investment Treaty law and practice and their standing on international investment law. The book provides a fresh angle to most readers who may be more exposed to the Western perspective on the topic, providing a more complete picture to add to the readers'understanding of international investment law and in particular its evolution and future possibilities.

This book takes a data-first approach to framing the built environment sector's unique challenges and how industry can address them through better use of data. It describes how the sector has failed to derive value from data, and the common causes underlying this failure. It then provides practical guidance on how to use data to construct and operate built environment assets in a manner that better meets society's needs. The book examines how industry norms, organizational culture, and our personal behaviours contribute to the successful use of data. It sets out a philosophy and vision for the use of data in the built environment, and how this in turn might help the sector realise better outcomes in terms of cost, schedule, quality, and sustainability. Data is a valuable asset, one that the built environment sector must generate, protect, manage, and exploit. The book works as a holistic primer to data and the built environment, written both for those who are new to data or the built environment, and including deep-dive material that will provide insight to experienced professionals.

This book acts as a compilation of papers presented in the 2nd Human Engineering Symposium (HUMENS 2023), held at Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. The symposium covers the following research topics: ergonomics, biomechanics, sports technology, medical device and instrumentation, artificial intelligence / machine learning, industrial design, rehabilitation, additive manufacturing, modelling and bio-simulation, and signal processing. The articles published will be of interest to researchers and practitioners from the medical device manufacturers, healthcare, rehabilitation and sports technology.

This book describes the disability rights movement that started in the USA and its influence on the disability rights movement in Lebanon, which has led to the endorsement of the Lebanese Disability Act 220/2000. The book introduces the reader to the Lebanese Disability Act 220/ 2000, its definition of disability, and its relation to the medical and social models of disabilities and then articulate the Act articles. Then, it defines the inclusive design paradigm that acknowledges the needs of all people at each stage of their life cycle and presents the difference between inclusive design and accessibility and disability notions. Moreover, the book reviews the different international accessible design standards (American and French) that are adopted in Lebanon with the absence of a nationalized Lebanese design standard and its effect on eliminating barriers and enhancing accessibility at university buildings. Besides, the book presents students'experiences and their satisfaction with the university built environments. 6 university buildings case studies at the American University of Beirut are assessed and analysed to check whether they adopt the inclusive design approach and then propose inclusive design solutions for both heritage and modern university buildings. What makes the book unique is its combination of empirical and theoretical application of inclusive design. The last section, reflects the author's inclusive design teaching pedagogy. In this section, the author shares samples of students'class design project and provides recommendations and guidelines for teaching inclusive design so it becomes mainstream.

The book addresses the interdisciplinary and multiscale theme of the design of sustainable, inclusive and creative urban green spaces in relation to the socio-ecological transition and in line with the systemic vision promoted by the 2030 Agenda, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the principles outlined by the New European Bauhaus (European Commission, 2021). The publication refers to the International Study Day organized in June 2022 by the Unit for Internationalization of the PDTA Department of the Sapienza University of Rome, develops and updates its themes, with essays that deepen theories and methodologies pursued in specific disciplinary and research fields, and with case studies of design experiments and achievements that constitute best practices at an international level in the sign of a conscious sustainability. The book is therefore part of an international and interdisciplinary dialogue and discussion focused on the challenges of climate change, economic crises and social inequalities as well as the questions that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic. These issues are fundamental in the rethinking and reconfiguration of the role of urban green spaces, conceived as a priority place for the existence of citizens, the archetype of European culture, the conservation of biodiversity, and the relationship with nature.

Nanomedicine biotechnology is applied to and used to study drug development, working mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapies. This textbook particularly written for biomedical applications of nanomedicine covers the whole range of disease treatments related to nanomedicine. This book serves the purpose of highlighting the current advancements of nanomedicines-based regimens which may be employed in disease treatment while it also contains the fundamental knowledge for biomedical researchers from all levels. Each chapter starts with an introduction/theory into the specified approaches for various disease states followed by detailed discussions for a comprehensive understanding. This book best suits advanced level students, but also provides an excellent updated material for researchers and healthcare workers related to nanomedicine and diseases treatment.

This major reference works brings together the current state of the art for joint preservation surgery of the knee, including arthroscopic and open procedures. Generously illustrated with radiographs and intraoperative photos, it presents the latest tips and techniques, providing the knee surgeon with the most up-to-date information for precise preparation and decision-making in this rapidly evolving area. This comprehensive guide is divided into ten thematic sections covering clinical evaluation; fundamentals of arthroscopic and open approaches; basic and advanced arthroscopic procedures; surgical management of meniscal disorders; management of ACL injuries; approaches to complex and multi-ligamentous injuries; limb malalignment; management of cartilage and subchondral bone; patellofemoral and extensor mechanism disorders; and rehabilitation and return to play considerations. Written by experts in the field, Knee Arthroscopy and Knee Preservation Surgery will be a highly valued resource for orthopedic and sports medicine surgeons, residents and fellows.

This encyclopedia volume comprehensively reflects the basic knowledge and latest research results in the field of mining and metallurgy technology, as well as the latest characteristics of the development in this field. In this reference book, the knowledge system, basic concepts, basic theories, as well as important figures, representative works and institutions of these two engineering categories are well organized in encyclopedic entries. Among them, the content on mining engineering mainly includes mining and mineral processing theory, mining and mineral processing methods, as well as the safety and environmental knowledge involved in mining and mineral processing. In the metallurgical engineering field, it mainly covers metallurgy and metallurgy industry, ferrous metallurgy, non-ferrous metallurgy, powder metallurgy, plastic working of metal, coking chemicals, refractories, energy for metallurgy, physical chemistry of metallurgical process, etc.This is thefirst volume of a series of encyclopedias co-published by Encyclopedia of China Publishing House (ECPH), Beijing and Springer Nature.

This book analyses major discourses of cultural diversity and human rights. The chapters contained in this book examine critically major issues confronting cultural diversity and human rights, both locally and globally. They analyze the challenges that different societies are confronted with, as they attempt to implement, protect and defend cultural diversity and human rights in an ever-changing world, and culturally diverse environment. Topics covered include celebrating cultural diversity in sport, human rights legacies of the African slave trade and the long-term implications of colonialism, assessment of human rights and sports, effectiveness in intercultural dialogue in dominant discourses of cultural diversity and human rights, and the rising importance of cultural diversity and human rights in sport for children and youth.This book will be helpful to readers to explore their own views and consider more broadly what may be in the best interests of a fair and just society, as envisioned in human rights treaties, human rights education in schools, and cultural diversity.