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Background: Patients with T4 colon adenocarcinomas have an increased risk of peritoneal metastases (PM) but the histopathologic risk factors for its development are not well-described., Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with PM, time to recurrence, and survival after recurrence among patients with T4 colon cancer., Patients and Methods: Patients with pathologic T4 colon cancer who underwent curative resection from 2005 to 2017 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and classified by recurrence pattern: (a) none - 68.8%; (b) peritoneal only - 7.9%; (c) peritoneal and extraperitoneal - 9.9%; and (d) extraperitoneal only - 13.2%. Associations between PM development and patient, primary tumor, and treatment factors were assessed., Results: Overall, 151 patients were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 66.2 months; 27 patients (18%) developed PM (Groups B and C) and 20 (13%) patients recurred at non-peritoneal sites only (Group D). Median time to developing metastases was shorter for Groups B and C compared with Group D (B and C: 13.7 months; D: 46.7 months; p = 0.022). Tumor deposits (TDs) and nodal stage were associated with PM (p < 0.05), and TDs (p = 0.048) and LVI (p = 0.015) were associated with additional extraperitoneal recurrence. Eleven (41%) patients with PM underwent salvage surgery, and median survival after recurrence was associated with the ability to undergo cytoreduction (risk ratio 0.20, confidence interval 0.06-0.70)., Conclusion: PM risk after resection of T4 colon cancer is independently associated with factors related to lymphatic spread, such as N stage and TDs. Well-selected patients can undergo cytoreduction with long-term survival. These findings support frequent postoperative surveillance and aggressive early intervention, including cytoreduction., (© 2022. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Background: Despite studies demonstrating that patients with peritoneal metastases from low-grade appendiceal adenocarcinoma (AA) do not respond well to systemic chemotherapy (SC), patients frequently undergo combination of SC with cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) regardless of grade., Methods: A nationwide retrospective analysis using the National Cancer Database evaluated patients with AA with peritoneal metastasis from 2016 to 2021. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the impact of SC in addition to CRS/HIPEC on overall survival (OS) stratified by tumor grade., Results: A total of 1,449 patients were included: 481 low-grade, 428 intermediate-grade, and 540 high-grade tumors. Clinical variables, such as age, sex, and comorbidity index, were similar across tumor grades. Cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy without SC was utilized in 65.73% of low-grade cases compared with 41.01% in intermediate-grade and 11.11% in high-grade cases. Systemic chemotherapy was utilized alone in 17.74% and with CRS/HIPEC in 16.53% of low-grade cases. In adjusted survival analysis, addition of SC to CRS/HIPEC was associated with worse OS for patients with low-grade AA (hazard ratio [HR] 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-6.50) but not for intermediate (HR 1.65, 95% CI 0.82-3.35) and high-grade tumors (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.67-2.45). The addition of time to definitive surgery variable nullified the negative impact of adding SC to CRS/HIPEC in low-grade AA (HR 1.76, 95% CI 0.68-4.53)., Conclusions: Negative OS impact of SC may be mediated by delays in effective surgical/intraoperative therapy. If CRS/HIPEC is planned for patients with metastatic low-grade AA, avoiding SC may facilitate earlier surgical intervention and improve survival., (© 2024. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Background: Mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinomas (MAA) and non-mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinomas (NMAA) demonstrate differences in rates and patterns of recurrence, which may inform the appropriate extent of surgical resection (i.e., appendectomy versus colectomy). The impact of extent of resection on disease-specific survival (DSS) for each histologic subtype was assessed., Patients and Methods: Patients with resected, non-metastatic MAA and NMAA were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2020). Multivariable models were created to examine predictors of colectomy for each histologic subtype. DSS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and examined using Cox proportional hazards modeling., Results: Among 4674 patients (MAA: n = 1990, 42.6%; NMAA: n = 2684, 57.4%), the majority (67.8%) underwent colectomy. Among colectomy patients, the rate of nodal positivity increased with higher T-stage (MAA: T1: 4.6%, T2: 4.0%, T3: 17.1%, T4: 21.6%, p < 0.001; NMAA: T1: 6.8%, T2: 11.4%, T3: 25.6%, T4: 43.8%, p < 0.001) and higher tumor grade (MAA: well differentiated: 7.7%, moderately differentiated: 19.2%, and poorly differentiated: 31.3%; NMAA: well differentiated: 9.0%, moderately differentiated: 20.5%, and 44.4%; p < 0.001). Nodal positivity was more frequently observed in NMAA (27.6% versus 16.4%, p < 0.001). Utilization of colectomy was associated with improved DSS for NMAA patients with T2 (log rank p = 0.095) and T3 (log rank p = 0.018) tumors as well as moderately differentiated histology (log rank p = 0.006). Utilization of colectomy was not associated with improved DSS for MAA patients, which was confirmed in a multivariable model for T-stage, grade, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy [hazard ratio (HR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-1.22]., Conclusions: Colectomy was associated with improved DSS for patients with NMAA but not MAA. Colectomy for MAA may not be required., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are crucial for N 2 O emission as they carry out the key step of nitrification. Dicyandiamide (DCD) and acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) are typical nitrification inhibitors (NIs), while the comparative effects of these NIs on N 2 O production and ammonia oxidizers' (AOB and AOA) growth are unclear. Four treatments including a control, urea, urea + DCD, and urea + C 2 H 2 were set up to investigate their effect of inhibiting soil nitrification, nitrification-related N 2 O emission as well as the growth of ammonia oxidizers with a fluvo-aquic soil using microcosms for 28 days. N 2 O emission and net nitrification rate increased after the application of urea, but were significantly restrained in urea + NI treatments, while C 2 H 2 was more effective in reducing N 2 O emission and nitrification rate than DCD. The abundance of AOB, which was significantly correlated with N 2 O emission and net nitrification rate, was more inhibited by C 2 H 2 than DCD. Furthermore, the application of urea in all the soils had little impact on the AOA community, while obvious shifts of AOB community structure were found compared with the control. All AOB sequences fell within Nitrosospira cluster 3, and the AOA community was clustered to group 1.1b. Collectively, it indicated that application of urea combined with NIs (DCD or C 2 H 2 ) could potentially alter N 2 O emission, mainly through regulating the growth of AOB but not AOA in this fluvo-aquic soil.

Although numerous studies have addressed the influence of exogenous pollutants on microorganisms, the effect of long-term industrial waste effluent (IWE) pollution on the activity and diversity of soil bacteria was still unclear. Three soil samples characterized as uncontaminated (R1), moderately contaminated (R2), and highly contaminated (R3) receiving mixed organic and heavy metal pollutants for more than 20 years through IWE were collected along the Mahi River basin, Gujarat, western India. Basal soil respiration and in situ enzyme activities indicated an apparent deleterious effect of IWE on microbial activity and soil function. Community composition profiling of soil bacteria using 16S rRNA gene amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method indicated an apparent bacterial community shift in the IWE-affected soils. Cloning and sequencing of DGGE bands revealed that the dominated bacterial phyla in polluted soil were affiliated with Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, indicating that these bacterial phyla may have a high tolerance to pollutants. We suggested that specific bacterial phyla along with soil enzyme activities could be used as relevant biological indicators for long-term pollution assessment on soil quality. Graphical Abstract Bacterial community profiling and soil enzyme activities in long-term industrial waste effluent polluted soils.

Objective: Epidemiological studies have shown that circulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are lower in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients than in non-MetS individuals. In this study, we investigated the relationship of polymorphisms in the SHBG gene with the serum SHBG levels and MetS in Han Chinese., Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 316 subjects who were recruited from a health checkup population at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid levels, total testosterone, and SHBG levels were obtained in addition to the seven SHBG single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)., Results: The variant allele (AG or AA) carriers in rs6259, compared to the wild-type allele carriers (GG), have a lower risk for MetS [OR 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33-0.96] and higher serum SHBG and TT levels (P = 0.016, 0.004). CT or TT allele carriers in rs3760213, compared to CC allele carriers, also have a lower risk for MetS (OR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.34-1.00) and significantly higher SHBG and TT levels (P = 0.029, 0.009). Carriers having both of the variant alleles had the lowest risk of MetS (OR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.275-0.950) and the highest SHBG levels. The risk of MetS rose with the decrease in serum SHBG levels for rs6259 and rs376021 carriers., Conclusion: rs6259 and rs3760213 SNPs are associated with the risk of MetS and lower serum SHBG level in Chinese Han males.

Soil nitrifiers have been showing an important role in assessing environmental pollution as sensitive biomarkers. In this study, the abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were investigated in long-term industrial waste effluent (IWE) polluted soils. Three different IWE polluted soils characterized as uncontaminated (R1), moderately contaminated (R2), and highly contaminated (R3) were collected in triplicate along Mahi River basin, Gujarat, Western India. Quantitative numbers of ammonia monooxygenase α-subunit (amoA) genes as well as 16S rRNA genes indicated apparent deleterious effect of IWE on abundance of soil AOA, AOB, bacteria, and archaeal populations. Relatively, AOB was more abundant than AOA in the highly contaminated soil R3, while predominance of AOA was noticed in uncontaminated (R1) and moderately contaminated (R2) soils. Soil potential nitrification rate (PNR) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in polluted soils R2 and R3. Reduced diversity accompanied by apparent community shifts of both AOB and AOA populations was detected in R2 and R3 soils. AOB were dominated with Nitrosospira-like sequences, whereas AOA were dominated by Thaumarchaeal "group 1.1b (Nitrososphaera clusters)." We suggest that the significant reduction in abundance and diversity AOA and AOB could serve as relevant bioindicators for soil quality monitoring of polluted sites. These results could be further useful for better understanding of AOB and AOA communities in polluted soils.

Background: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) with disseminated disease (pseudomyxoma peritonei) are heterogeneous tumors with variable clinicopathologic behavior. Despite the development of prognostic systems, objective biomarkers are needed to stratify patients. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it remains unclear if molecular testing can improve the evaluation of disseminated AMN patients., Methods: Targeted NGS was performed for 183 patients and correlated with clinicopathologic features to include American Joint Committee on Cancer/World Health Organization (AJCC/WHO) histologic grade, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score, and overall survival (OS)., Results: Genomic alterations were identified for 179 (98%) disseminated AMNs. Excluding mitogen-activated protein kinase genes and GNAS due to their ubiquitous nature, collective genomic alterations in TP53, SMAD4, CDKN2A, and the mTOR genes were associated with older mean age, higher AJCC/WHO histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, and lower mean PCI (p < 0.040). Patients harboring TP53, SMAD4, ATM, CDKN2A, and/or mTOR gene alterations were found to have lower OS rates of 55% at 5 years and 14% at 10 years, compared with 88% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years for patients without the aforementioned alterations (p < 0.001). Based on univariate and multivariate analyses, genomic alterations in TP53, SMAD4, ATM, CDKN2A, and/or the mTOR genes in disseminated AMNs were a negative prognostic factor for OS and independent of AJCC/WHO histologic grade, PCI, CC score, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy treatment (p = 0.006)., Conclusions: Targeted NGS improves the prognostic assessment of patients with disseminated AMNs and identifies patients who may require increased surveillance and/or aggressive management., (© 2023. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Purpose: Denitrification is an important biochemical process in global nitrogen cycle, with a potent greenhouse gas product N(2)O. Wastewater irrigation can result in the changes of soil properties and microbial communities of agricultural soils. The purpose of this study was to examine how the soil denitrification genes responded to different irrigation regimes., Materials and Methods: Soil samples were collected from three rural districts of Beijing (China) with three different irrigation regimes: clean groundwater (CW), reclaimed water (RW), and wastewater (WW). The abundance and diversity of three denitrification microbial genes (nirS, nirK, and nosZ) were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) molecular approaches., Results and Discussion: The abundance of nirS in the WW treatment was higher than that in the CW treatment, and no significant difference was found between the RW and CW or WW treatments. The abundance of nirK gene of the RW and WW treatments was higher than that of the CW treatment. There was no difference for nosZ gene among the three treatments. Correspondence analysis based on the DGGE profiles showed that there was no obvious difference in the nosZ gene composition, but nirS and nirK genes changed with different irrigation regimes., Conclusions: Irrigation with unclean water sources enhanced the soil NO (3) (-) content and changed the abundance and composition of soil denitrifiers, and different functional genes had different responses. Irrigation with unclean water sources increased the abundance of nirK gene and changed the community structures of nirS and nirK genes, while nosZ gene was relatively stable in the soil. These results could be helpful to explore the mechanisms of the variation of denitrification processes under long-term wastewater irrigation and partially explain the reason of more N(2)O output in the field with wastewater irrigation.

Purpose: Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of mercury (Hg) on soil nitrification activities and the microbial communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)., Methods: The soil samples spiked with different Hg concentrations were incubated for a period of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks in triplicate and the potential nitrification rate (PNR) of the samples was determined. The abundance of AOB and AOA was measured after an 8-week incubation by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of the amoA genes, while the community compositions by cloning and sequencing approaches., Results: The soil PNR differed with different incubation periods. It tended to decrease with increasing soil Hg concentrations at week 1, basing on which the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) was 1.59 mg kg(-1). There was no significant difference in the abundance of AOB or AOA among the treatments. The AOB community was dominated by Nitrosospira-like sequences and more than 70% of the obtained clones were affiliated with the cluster 3a.2. The percentage of cluster 3a.1 in AOB community appeared to a consistent trend of decreasing with ascending soil Hg concentrations. While all the AOA sequences in the clone libraries were grouped into cluster S (soil and sediment origin)., Conclusions: This study revealed that Hg could inhibit soil potential nitrification and the extent varied with incubation periods. Soil Hg pollution changed the composition of soil AOB to some extent. These findings will be helpful to recognize the effects of Hg on the activity and community composition of soil ammonia oxidizers.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term liquid dairy manure (LDM) application on the activity and structure of soil bacterial and archaea communities in two cropping seasons over 1 year of a no-till crop rotation system. The experiment was run in a sandy clay loam texture Oxisol, in Brazil, including LDM doses of 60, 120, and 180 m 3  ha -1  year -1 , installed in 2005. Soil sampling was conducted during spring 2018 and autumn 2019 at 0-10-cm depth. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, microbial respiration and quotient were performed. Over the 14-year period, LDM application increased soil microbial community activity. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed dominance by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla (67% in spring and 70% in autumn). Genera Pirulla and Nitrososphaera showed enrichment at LDM doses of 120 and 180 m 3  ha -1  year -1 doses, respectively. During spring, following black oat cropping, shifts in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and AD3 phyla were observed due to LDM application, correlating with soil chemical indicators such as pH, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn. Our findings indicate that plant development strongly influences microbial community composition, potentially outweighing the impact of LDM. Our findings indicate that the application of liquid dairy manure alters the soil bacterial activity and community; however, this effect depends on the developing plant., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a strong greenhouse gas, and it is of great significance for N 2 O reduction to study the effects of biochar on its production pathway. In this research, the contributions and mechanisms of biochar on autotrophic nitrification (ANF), heterotrophic nitrification (HNF), and denitrification (DF) to N 2 O emissions were studied by using 15 N stable isotopes and high-throughput sequencing after laboratory incubation. The results showed that biochar addition at 2% (B2) significantly reduced the N 2 O emissions from the ANF by an average of 20.6%, while adding 5% biochar (B5) had no significant effect on the ANF. Both B2 and B5 significantly reduced the N 2 O emissions from the HNF by 15.7% and 13.2%, respectively, and reduced the N 2 O emissions from the DF by 40.9% and 11.7%, respectively. B2 enhanced the relative contribution rate of the ANF to N 2 O emissions by 6.3%, while B5 had little effect on it. Biochar addition significantly changed the copy numbers of the AOA and AOB, as well as the nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes, but it had no significant effect on the community composition of the AOA and had minimal effect on the AOB community. B2 significantly increased the abundance of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK type denitrifiers and had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ type denitrifiers. These results revealed that the inhibitory effects of biochar on N 2 O emissions from nitrification might be attributed to the direct immobilization and adsorption of inorganic N by biochar and to its promotion of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK-type denitrifiers and the genera Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ-type denitrifiers. The soil exchangeable NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N concentrations were the primary factors affecting the N 2 O emission rates. These results help to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of biochar on N 2 O production pathways in agricultural soil.

An in situ integrated system, consisting of ecological floating islands (EFI), ecological riverbeds (ER), and ecological filter dams (EFD), was built in a ditch only receiving the effluent of sewage plant; the effect of in situ technologies on the distribution of aquatic pathogen was investigated. The results showed the aquatic pathogen decreased along the ditch. Specifically, the relative abundance of Legionella, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter decreased from 0.032, 0.035, and 0.26 to 0.026%, 0.012%, and 0.08%, respectively. Sedimentation, filtration, and sorption (provided by plant roots and biofilms on substrates) were principal processes for the removal. The nitrogen removal bacteria to prevent the potential risk of eutrophication were also evaluated. The EFI and ER were the dominant sites for Nitrosomonas (34.96%, 32.84%) and Nitrospira (35.74%, 54.73%) enrichment, while EFI and EFD facilitated the enrichment of denitrification bacteria. Notably, the relative abundance of endogenous denitrifiers (DNB-en) (including Dechloromonas at 9.72%, Thermomonas at 0.58%, and Saccharibacteria at 2.55%) exceeded those of exogenous denitrifiers (DNB-ex) (Thauera at 0.20%, Staphylococcus at 0.005%, and Rhodobacter at 0.27%). This study demonstrated that the in situ integrated system was effective in reducing the abundance of pathogens in the drainage channel, and the deficiency of DNB-ex and carbon sources made nitrate removal difficult., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Studies published recently proposed that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) may be beneficial for hypersaline (salinity > 50 g NaCl L -1 ) industrial wastewater treatment. However, knowledge of AOA activity in hypersaline bioreactors is limited. This study investigated the effects of salinity, organic matter, and practical pickled mustard tuber wastewater (PMTW) on AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in two sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs). Results showed that despite observed salinity inhibition (p < 0.05), both AOA and AOB contributed to high ammonia removal efficiency at a salinity of 70 g NaCl L -1 in the two SBBRs. The ammonia removal efficiency of SBBR2 did not significantly differ from that of SBBR1 in the absence of organic matter (p > 0.05). Batch tests and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) reveal that salinity and organic matter inhibition resulted in a sharp decline in specific ammonia oxidation rates and amoA gene copy numbers of AOA and AOB (p < 0.05). AOA demonstrated higher abundance and more active ammonia oxidation activity in hypersaline and high organic matter environments. Salinity was positively correlated with the potential ammonia oxidation contribution of AOA (p < 0.05), resulting in a potential transition from AOB dominance to AOA dominance in SBBR1 as salinity levels rose. Moreover, autochthonous AOA in PMTW promoted the abundance and ammonia oxidation activities of AOA in SBBR2, further elevating the nitrification removal efficiency after feeding the practical PMTW. AOA demonstrates greater tolerance to the challenging hypersaline environment, making it a valuable candidate for the treatment of practical industrial wastewater with high salinity and organic content., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis is a known negative prognostic factor in appendix cancer (AC) patients. However, currently the minimum number of LNs required to adequately determine LN negativity is extrapolated from colorectal studies and data specific to AC is lacking. We aimed to define the lowest number of LNs required to adequately stage AC and assess its impact on oncologic outcomes., Methods: Patients with stage II-III AC from the National Cancer Database (NCDB 2004-2019) undergoing surgical resection with complete information about LN examination were included. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the odds of LN positive (LNP) disease for different numbers of LNs examined. Multivariable Cox regressions were performed by LN status subgroups, adjusted by prognostic factors, including grade, histologic subtype, surgical approach, and documented adjuvant systemic chemotherapy., Results: Overall, 3,602 patients were included, from which 1,026 (28.5%) were LNP. Harvesting ten LNs was the minimum number required without decreased odds of LNP compared with the reference category (≥ 20 LNs). Total LNs examined were < 10 in 466 (12.9%) patients. Median follow-up from diagnosis was 75.4 months. Failing to evaluate at least ten LNs was an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio 1.39, p < 0.01)., Conclusions: In appendix adenocarcinoma, examining a minimum of ten LNs was necessary to minimize the risk of missing LNP disease and was associated with improved overall survival rates. To mitigate the risk of misclassification, an adequate number of regional LNs must be assessed to determine LN status., (© 2023. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Water quality, increasingly recognized for its significant impact on health, is garnering heightened attention. Previous studies were limited by the number of water quality indicators and the duration of analysis. This study assessed the drinking water quality and its associated health risk in suburban areas of Wuhan, a city in central China, from 2016 to 2021. We collected 368 finished water samples and 1090 tap water samples and tested these for 37 different indicators. The water quality was evaluated using the water quality index, with trends over time analyzed via the Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, an artificial neural network model was employed for future water quality prediction. Our findings indicated that the water quality in rural Wuhan was generally good and had an improvement from 2016 to 2021. The qualification and excellent rates were 98.91% and 86.81% for finished water, and 97.89% and 78.07% for tap water, respectively. The drinking water quality was predicted to maintain satisfactory in 2022 and 2023. Additionally, principal component analysis revealed that the primary sanitary issues in the water were poor sensory properties, elevated metal contents, high levels of dissolved solids, and microbial contamination. These issues were likely attributable to domestic and industrial waste discharge and aging water pipelines. The health risks associated with the long-term consumption of this water have been steadily decreasing over the years, underscoring the effectiveness of Wuhan's ongoing water management efforts., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The One World, One Health concept implies that antibiotic resistance (AR) in the soil-microbe-plant resistome is intricately linked to the human resistome. However, the literature is mainly confined to sources and types of AR in soils or microbes, but comprehensive reviews tracking AR in the soil-microbe-plant resistome are limited. The present review applies the source-pathway-receptor concept to understand the sources, behaviour, and health hazards of the soil-microbe-plant resistome. The results showed that the soil-microbe-plant system harbours various antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Anthropogenic sources and drivers include soil application of solid waste, wastewater, biosolids, and industrial waste. Water-, wind-, and human-driven processes and horizontal gene transfer circulate AR in the soil-microbe-plant resistome. The AR in bulk soil, soil components that include soil microorganisms, soil meso- and macro-organisms, and possible mechanisms of AR transfer to soil components and ultimately to plants are discussed. The health risks of the soil-microbe-plant resistome are less studied, but potential impacts include (1) the transfer of AR to previously susceptible organisms and other resistomes, including the human resistome. Overall, the study tracks the behaviour and health risks of AR in the soil-plant system. Future research should focus on (1) ecological risks of AR at different levels of biological organization, (2) partitioning of AR among various phases of the soil-plant system, (3) physico-chemical parameters controlling the fate of AR, and (4) increasing research from low-income regions particularly Africa as most of the available literature is from developed countries., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Many patients with mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma experience peritoneal recurrence despite complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Prior work has demonstrated that repeat CRS/HIPEC can prolong survival in select patients. We sought to validate these findings using outcomes from a high-volume center., Patients and Methods: Patients with mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma who underwent CRS/HIPEC at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2004 and 2021 were stratified by whether they underwent CRS/HIPEC for recurrent disease or as part of initial treatment. Only patients who underwent complete CRS/HIPEC were included. Initial and recurrent groups were compared., Results: Of 437 CRS/HIPECs performed for mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma, 50 (11.4%) were for recurrent disease. Patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC for recurrent disease were more often treated with an oxaliplatin or cisplatin perfusion (35%/44% recurrent vs. 4%/1% initial, p < 0.001), had a longer operative time (median 629 min recurrent vs. 511 min initial, p = 0.002), and had a lower median length of stay (10 days repeat vs. 13 days initial, p < 0.001). Thirty-day complication and 90-day mortality rates did not differ between groups. Both cohorts enjoyed comparable recurrence free survival (p = 0.82). Compared with patients with recurrence treated with systemic chemotherapy alone, this select cohort of patients undergoing repeat CRS/HIPEC enjoyed better overall survival (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: In appropriately selected patients with recurrent appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma, CRS/HIPEC can provide survival benefit equivalent to primary CRS/HIPEC and that may be superior to that conferred by systemic therapy alone in select patients. These patients should receive care at a high-volume center in the context of a multidisciplinary team., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Wetlands are known to experience fluctuations in water levels and receive exogenous nitrogen inputs that affect various organisms, including soil microorganisms. To study the impact of these factors on microbial diversity, we collected intact soil columns from a Phragmites australis-dominated site in the Qixing River National Nature Reserve in Northeast China. In a laboratory experiment, we simulated water level fluctuations and exogenous nitrogen inputs to the soil columns and examined the associated changes in the relative abundance of 51 bacterial genera involved in nitrogen cycling processes. Our findings revealed that different bacterial genera exhibited varying relative abundances across treatments. Specifically, Massilia showed the highest total relative abundance at the genus level, while Planctomyces had the second highest, and Campylobacter had the lowest abundance. The DESeq2 model, based on negative binomial distribution, revealed that the tags of bacterial genera were significantly correlated with soil depth, but not with water levels or nitrogen concentrations. However, the addition of a 30 mg/L nitrate solution caused a decrease in the relative abundances of bacterial genera with decreasing water levels, while a 60 mg/L concentration of nitrogen resulted in a decrease and then an increase in the relative abundances of bacterial genera with decreasing water levels. Our study provides valuable insights into the response of nitrogen-cycling bacteria to changes in different environmental conditions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The metagenomics-based behavior and risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated during cattle manure thermophilic anaerobic digestion with tetracycline and copper, namely, bulk-copper oxide, nano-copper oxide, and copper sulfate, which are common feed additives. Although bulk-copper oxide reduced ARGs' diversity, it enriched high-risk ARGs the most than the other two copper species, while copper sulfate could strongly mitigate the ARG risk by decreasing their abundances. Compared to corresponding individual effects, copper and tetracycline combinations may decrease ARGs' co-occurrence potential by 22.0%, and particularly, tetracycline combined separately with copper sulfate and nano-copper oxide reduces the ARGs' risk in abundance (by 7.2%) and human health (by 4.0%). These were mainly driven by bioavailable copper, volatile fatty acids, and pH, as well as the main potential hosts in phyla Firmicutes, Coprothermobacterota, and Euryarchaeota. Notably, the twin risks of pathogenicity and ARGs should be emphasized due to the ARGs' positive correlation with human pathogens of Clostridioides difficile and Arcobacter peruensis. These findings are important for understanding the potential ARGs' risk in treatments of livestock wastes containing feed additives of different sizes and speciation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Grass uptake and phytoaccumulation factors of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and dicyandiamide (DCD) were quantified. Following the application of urea fertilizer treated with the inhibitors in Irish grassland, grass samples were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 day time intervals following five application cycles. Uptake of NBPT by grass was below the limit of quantitation of the analytical method (0.010 mg NBPT kg -1 ). Dicyandiamide concentrations in grass ranged from 0.004 to 28 mg kg -1 with the highest concentrations measured on days 5 and 10. A reducing trend in concentration was found after day 15. The DCD phytoaccumulation factor was ranged from 0.004% to 1.1% showing that DCD can be taken up by grass at low levels when co-applied with granular urea. In contrast, NBPT was not detected indicating that grass uptake is unlikely when co-applied with granular urea fertilizer. The contrasting results are likely due to very different longevity of DCD and NBPT along with the much lower rate of NBPT, which is used compared with DCD., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Context: Explosives have a wide range of applications in many fields due to their high energy and high density. Recently, a new synthesized co-crystal explosive DAF:ADNP presents high detonation performance and low sensitivity. This work is aimed to understand how the structure and intermolecular interactions affect the performance of the DAF:ADNP co-crystal. The results indicate that the formed π-π interactions and stronger hydrogen bonds in the co-crystal enhance its stability and its impact sensitivity is reduced. The strong intralayer H···N and H···O interactions and interlayer π-π stacking are the main driving force for the formation of the co-crystal. Compared with the pure crystals, the detonation performance of the co-crystal slightly decreases, while its sensitivity reduces., Methods: All calculations were used the DFT-PBE-D method with Vanderbilt-type ultrasoft pseudopotentials and plane wave (340.0 eV) in the CASTEP package. Radial distribution function were calculated by NVT-MD simulations for 100 ps with a time step of 1 fs at 298 K. Hirshfeld surfaces were generated by CrystalExplorer 3.0 and reduced density gradient analyses were performed by Multiwfn 3.0., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Context: Cocrystallization technology can effectively regulate crystal structure, alter packing mode, and improve physicochemical performances of energetic materials at molecule level. CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive has high energy density than HMX, but it also exhibits high mechanical sensitivity. To decrease the sensitivity and improve the properties of CL-20/HMX energetic cocrystal, the three-component energetic cocrystal CL-20/HMX/TNAD was designed. The properties of CL-20, CL-20/HMX, and CL-20/HMX/TNAD cocrystal models were predicted. The results show that CL-20/HMX/TNAD cocrystal models have better mechanical properties than CL-20/HMX cocrystal model, implying that the mechanical properties can be effectively improved. The binding energy of CL-20/HMX/TNAD cocrystal models is higher than CL-20/HMX cocrystal model, indicating that the three-component energetic cocrystal is more stable, and the cocrystal model with the ratio 3:4:1 is predicted to be the most stable phase. CL-20/HMX/TNAD cocrystal models have higher value of trigger bond energy than pure CL-20 and CL-20/HMX cocrystal models, meaning that the three-component energetic cocrystal is more insensitive. The crystal density and detonation parameters of CL-20/HMX and CL-20/HMX/TNAD cocrystal models are lower than CL-20, illustrating that the energy density is declined. The CL-20/HMX/TNAD cocrystal has higher energy density than RDX and can be regarded as a potential high energy explosive., Methods: This paper was performed with molecular dynamics (MD) method with the software of Materials Studio 7.0 under COMPASS force field. The MD simulation was performed under isothermal-isobaric (NPT) ensemble, the temperature and pressure was 295 K and 0.0001 GPa, respectively., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Natural pristine environments including cold habitats are thought to be the potent reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant genes and have been recurrently reported in polar glaciers' native bacteria, nevertheless, their abundance among the non-polar glaciers' inhabitant bacteria is mostly uncharted. Herein we evaluated antibiotic resistance profile, abundance of antibiotic-resistant genes plus class 1, 2, and 3 integron integrases in 65 culturable bacterial isolates retrieved from a non-polar glacier. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis identified predominantly Gram-negative 43 (66.15%) and Gram-positive 22 (33.84%) isolates. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, Gammaproteobacteria were dominant (62.79%), followed by Betaproteobacteria (18.60%) and Alphaproteobacteria (9.30%), whereas Phyla Actinobacteria (50%) and Firmicutes (40.90%) were predominant among Gram-positive. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method evaluated significant antibiotic resistance among the isolates. PCR amplification revealed phylum Proteobacteria predominantly carrying 21 disparate antibiotic-resistant genes like; bla AmpC 6 (100%), bla VIM-1, bla SHV and bla DHA 5 (100%) each, bla OXA-1 1 (100%), bla CMY-4 4 (100%), followed by Actinobacteria 14, Firmicutes 13 and Bacteroidetes 11. Tested isolates were negative for bla KPC, qnrA, vanA, ermA, ermB, intl2, and intl3. Predominant Gram-negative isolates had higher MAR index values, compared to Gram-positive. Alignment of protein homology sequences of antibiotic-resistant genes with references revealed amino acid variations in bla NDM-1, bla OXA-1, bla SHV, mecA, aac(6)-Ib3, tetA, tetB, sul2, qnrB, gyrA, and intI1. Promising antibiotic-resistant bacteria, harbored with numerous antibiotic-resistant genes and class 1 integron integrase with some amino acid variations detected, accentuating the mandatory focus to evaluate the intricate transcriptome analysis of glaciated bacteria conferring antibiotic resistance., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Iron tailings matrix is deficient in nutrients, and phytoremediation is one of the effective methods to improve tailings nutrients. The response of phytoremediation to tailings microorganisms remains to be studied. The present study analyzed rhizospheric soil of two kinds of plants bacterial diversity and community structure and their relationship with soil environmental factors. The results indicate that the rhizospheric soil bacteria species of Robinia pseudoacacia and Juniperus sabina were not significantly different from that of bare tailings, but rhizospheric soil bacterial community compositions and abundance were significantly different from that of bare tailings. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), soil total nitrogen (TN), and soil organic matter (SOM) were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community diversity. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that AN, TN, and SOM were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Nitrospirae, and were significantly negatively correlated with that of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. FAPROTAX function prediction showed that the functional microbial communities of rhizospheric soil of the two plants were significantly different from those of bare tailings. Overall, the findings support an increase of microbial diversity, SOM, and nitrogen in rhizospheric soil of revegetated tailings compared to bare tailings. These results provide theoretical support for the development and application of phytoremediation in abandoned mines., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and assess a risk nomogram of bacterial infection in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) in southwest China., Method: We established a prediction model based on a training dataset of 249 AAV patients. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) was used to screen feature variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to build a prediction model for feature variables. Nomogram was used to predict the risk of bacterial infection in AAV patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate and verify the prediction accuracy of the model. Calibration and clinical useful range was assessed using calibration curve and decision curve analysis, respectively., Results: Bactericidal permeability enhancement protein of ANCAs (BPI-ANCAs), procalcitonin (PCT), and white blood cell (WBC) were the characteristic variables in this study. Nomogram showed that positive BPI-ANCAs and PCT had higher positive predictive value for bacterial infection in AAV patients. The area under curve (AUC) of the model was 0.703 (95% confidence interval: 0.640-0.766). In the validation model, the AUC was 0.745 (95% confidence interval: 0.617-0.872). Decision curve analysis showed that the nonadherence nomogram was clinically useful within the threshold probability range of 0.31-0.85., Conclusions: Nomogram combined with BPI-ANCAs and PCT has the guiding significance for predicting bacterial infection risk in AAV. As an ANCA-specific autoantibody, BPI-ANCAs is helpful for clinicians to understand the role of specific autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of AAV. Key Points • BPI-ANCAs, PCT, and WBC could predict bacterial infection in AAV patients. • Nomogram showed that positive BPI-ANCAs had a high positive predictive value for bacterial infection in AAV patients., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).)

The decomposition mechanisms of energetic CL-20:2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane (DNP) and CL-20:2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazaheptane (DNG) co-crystals at high temperatures (1000, 2000, and 3000 K) were studied by density functional tight-binding molecular dynamics (DFTB-MD) simulations. At different temperatures, their decomposition mechanisms are very different. At 1000 K, conformational changes are observed only for the CL-20:DNG co-crystal, in which the CL-20 changes from β-CL-20 to γ-CL-20. When the temperature is increased to 2000 K, CL-20, DNP, and DNG begin to decompose, and there are five paths for the main initial mechanisms. Further increasing the temperature to 3000 K promotes a more complete decomposition. The initial reactions of CL-20 in the two co-crystals have two channels. There are two initial decomposition channels in the DNP molecule and only one channel in the DNG molecule. As the temperature increases, the decomposition products of the two co-crystals are different. Our work may provide the in-depth understanding of the decomposition mechanisms of high-energy CL-20-based co-crystals at high temperatures., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Arsenic is known to be a notorious human carcinogen and rice consumption is becoming the primary human exposure route for As, especially in many Asian countries. As one of redox-sensitive elements in soil, sulfur plays an indisputable role in controlling As behaviors. However, information on the effects of persulfe (PS) on the toxicity and accumulation of As in rice plant under flooded conditions is limited. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of PS amendment on the growth and accumulation of As species in rice plants grown in As-contaminated paddy soil. Results revealed that PS application increased the As, Fe, and Mn in porewater at the early stage, and then declined. Application of PS increased the biomass of stem and root, while inhibited the formation of iron plaque on the root surface. The As translocation from root to rice above tissues and accumulation of As species in brown rice were declined by amendment with PS. The inorganic arsenic (iAs) and DMA were the two main species in brown rice, and decreased by 13~26% and 40~60% respectively upon PS application. The results suggested that amendment with PS might be feasible for reducing the accumulation of As in rice grains grown in As-contaminated paddy soil. However, further detailed studies on the potential soil biogeochemical and physiological mechanisms are recommended., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Lung cancer is the prime cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with a contribution of 85% from non-small cell lung cancer. Before a few decades back, conventional chemotherapy was the most chosen treatment option for NSCLC but with side effects. Now, the treatment approaches have shifted to a new trend, targeted therapy, and a better treatment strategy with minimal side effects compared to chemotherapy. Advances in technologies and understanding the pathways lead to the discovery of new targets and through which it is possible to improve treatment outcomes and patient compliance. Unlike chemotherapy, targeted therapy focuses on the tumor cells and does not produce toxicity to healthy cells. The last two decades were very crucial in the development of many small molecules with the capability to target-specific proteins or genes in the disease progression pathway. Although the targeted therapy approach was a gemstone with many successful drugs for the treatment of NSCLC, various resistance mechanisms and activation of bypass signaling pathways put many of these drugs in the trash. In this review, we will discuss the major targeted proteins involved in NSCLC as well as the inhibitor drugs developed to target them for now and along with the future directions., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Submerged macrophytes and microbial communities are important parts of lake ecosystems. In this study, the bacterial community composition in rhizosphere sediments and water from areas cultivated with (PL) and without (CK) shining pondweed (Potamogeton lucens Linn.) was investigated to determine the effects of P. lucens Linn. on the structure of the bacterial communities in Nansi Lake, China. Molecular techniques, including Illumina MiSeq and qPCR targeting of the 16S rRNA gene, were used to analyze the composition and abundance of the bacterial community. We found that bacterial alpha diversity was higher in PL water than in CK water, and the opposite trend was observed in sediment. In addition, 16S rRNA gene copy number in sediment was lower in PL than in CK. We found 30 (e.g., Desulfatiglans) and 29 (e.g., Limnohabitans) significantly different genera in sediment and water, respectively. P. lucens Linn. can change chemical properties in sediment and water and thereby affect the bacterial community. At the genus level, members of bacterial community clustered according to source (water/sediment) and area (PL/CK). Our study demonstrated that submerged macrophytes can affect the bacterial community composition in both sediment and water, suggesting that submerged macrophytes affect the transportation and cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The effect of wastewater irrigation on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities of soil mesocosms planted with lettuces was studied over an experiment made of five cultivation campaigns. A limited effect of irrigation with either raw or treated wastewater was observed in both α-diversity and β-diversity of soil bacterial communities. However, the irrigation with wastewater fortified with a complex mixture of fourteen relevant chemicals at 10 μg/L each, including pharmaceutical, biocide, and pesticide active substances, led to a drift in the composition of soil bacterial community. One hundred operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified as responsible for changes between treated and fortified wastewater irrigation treatments. Our findings indicate that under a realistic agronomical scenario, the irrigation of vegetables with domestic (treated or raw) wastewater has no effect on soil bacterial communities. Nevertheless, under the worst-case scenario tested here (i.e., wastewater fortified with a mixture of chemicals), non-resilient changes were observed suggesting that continuous/repeated irrigation with wastewater could lead to the accumulation of contaminants in soil and induce changes in bacterial communities with unknown functional consequences., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Nitrification in soils is an essential process that involves archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidizers. Despite its importance, the relative contributions of soil factors to the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and their nitrification performances are seldom discussed. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AOA and AOB abundance and different environmental conditions (pH, TC, TN, moisture, and temperature) on nitrification performance. The soils of the long-term fertilized tea orchards and forests were sampled in the field, and nitrification experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The acid soils were collected from the field and used in laboratory incubation experiments to calculate the nitrification rate, including the net nitrification rate (NN rate), nitrification potential (NP), and nitrification kinetics. The basic parameters, different forms of nitrogen content, and AOA and AOB amoA gene copies were also analyzed. Compared with the forest soil, the tea orchard soil had a lower pH and higher nitrogen content (p < 0.05). The AOA and AOB abundance in the soils of the forests and tea orchards were pH-dependent. The NN rate and NP had good relationships with AOA or AOB in the forest soil; however, poor relationships were observed in the tea orchard soil. When pH < 4, the performances of AOA and AOB were restricted by pH and the environment, especially in long-term fertilized farmlands. Long-term fertilization can cause soil acidification, which regulates the abundance of AOA and AOB and their nitrifying ability. The soil environment rather than AOA or AOB could control nitrification in long-term fertilized farmlands with a pH below 4. These findings could improve fertilization efficiency and control nutrient runoff in hilly agricultural ecosystems., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: Appendiceal cancer is a rare disease process with complex treatment strategies. The objective of this study was to identify mutation-based genetic subtypes that may differ from the current histological classification, compare the genetic make-up of primaries and metastases, and find novel targetable alterations., Methods: The analyses involved the curation and normalization of gene mutation panels from appendiceal adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma (n = 196) stored in the AACR GENIE Database v6.0. Genes mutated in less than one patient and tumors profiled with incomplete mutation panels were excluded from the study. The optimal number of AC subtypes was established using the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization algorithm. Statistical comparisons of mutation frequencies were performed using Pearson's χ 2 test., Results: AC patients were stratified into five mutation subtypes, based on a final set of 41 cancer-related genes. AC0 had no mutations. The most frequently mutated genes varied between the subtypes were: AC1: KRAS (91.9%) and GNAS (77.4%); AC2: KRAS (52.5%), APC (32.5%), and GNAS (30%); AC3: KMT2D (38.7%), TP53 (38.7%), KRAS (35.5%), EP300 (22.6%); and AC4: TP53 (97.2%), KRAS (77.8%), and SMAD4 (36.1%). Additionally, AC3 was less likely to be mucinous (22.6% vs. 50.0-74.2%, p < 0.001) and had a higher mutation frequency (3.6 vs. 0-3.1, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between primary tumors and metastases in the 41 assessed genes (p = 0.35)., Conclusions: The characterization of these subtypes suggests a need for molecular approaches to complement anatomical and histopathological staging for AC. A prospective comparison of subtype prognosis and response to surgery and adjuvant treatment is needed to identify the clinical applications of the novel molecular subtypes., (© 2021. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Background: The feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for primary appendiceal tumors compared to that of open surgery has not been demonstrated to date because primary appendiceal tumors are rare. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgeries for primary appendiceal tumors., Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, the data of patients who had been histologically diagnosed with primary appendiceal tumors at 43 tertiary hospitals in Japan between 2000 and 2017 were analyzed. In total, 922 patients were assessed, and 679 cases were eligible for analysis. Using propensity scores, the baseline characteristics were matched for 114 open surgery cases and 114 laparoscopic surgery cases. The primary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (excluding patients with stage IV disease with distant metastasis) and overall survival., Results: The rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery was 1.5%. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 80.4% (95% confidence interval: 71.0-89.7) and 78.2% (95% confidence interval: 69.0-87.3) in the laparoscopic and open surgery groups, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.57). No significant difference was observed in the 5-year overall survival rates between the laparoscopic [83.5% (95% confidence interval: 74.4-92.7)] and open surgery [72.7% (95% confidence interval: 62.3-83.0); p = 0.09] groups. In multivariate analysis, laparoscopic surgery was not identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival [hazard ratio: 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.23-1.06), p = 0.0707]., Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is comparable to open surgery and can be considered a treatment option for primary appendiceal tumors., (© 2020. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The band structure, total density of states, and atomic orbit projected density of states analysis were performed to investigate HMX/NMP cocrystal by using the first-principles calculations. Results show that the HMX/NMP cocrystal is equipped with a direct band gap and the interactions between HMX and NMP molecules are rather weak. The O orbits hybridize with H orbits, and the parts of charge transform from H to O atoms by analyzing the DOS. The HMX/NMP cocrystal possesses three types of intermolecular interactions between HMX and NMP; these interactions and the arrangement of two molecules in the structure are the main reasons for the low sensitivity of the cocrystal. The C-H…O type hydrogen bond is the key role in forming the structure, and the strength of the hydrogen bond interaction for C-H…O-N is higher than that of C-H…O-C., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)