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Background and Aims: Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is an effective endoscopic treatment for refractory GERD with small or absent hiatal hernia (< 2 cm in length and width). The single-session laparoscopic hernia repair followed by transoral incisionless fundoplication (HH + TIF) aims to repair mechanical defects in the lower esophageal sphincter that leads to GERD in patients with hiatal hernias ≥ 2 cm. The procedure effectively treats GERD without causing added post-surgical dysphagia and gas bloating commonly associated with partial laparoscopic fundoplication. We aimed to assess patient satisfaction, symptom resolution, safety, and proton pump inhibitor use following the HH + TIF procedure., Methods: Thirty-three patients underwent single-session laparoscopic hernia repair with intraoperative TIF using the EsophyX Z device (EndoGastric Solutions, Inc.) between June 2015 and June 2018. The presence of GERD and normal esophageal motility were confirmed with pH testing and manometry prior to the procedure. Data were collected on pre- and post-procedure symptoms, patient satisfaction, PPI use, and complications. Median post-procedure follow-up with symptom surveys was 9 months (11-29 months)., Results: Patients reported significant decreases in common GERD symptoms including heartburn, regurgitation, cough, and hoarse voice. Eighty-one percent (27/33) of patients were off daily PPIs. Ninety-four percent (31/33) of patients reported 75% or greater satisfaction with the procedure and outcomes. One patient had a superficial mucosal laceration after the procedure, likely due to vomiting, which was treated conservatively., Conclusions: The majority of patients reported 75% or greater satisfaction with the procedure and had an improvement in GERD symptoms as well as decreased PPI use. There were no serious adverse events.

Mass gatherings bring large numbers of people into physical proximity. Typically, this physical proximity has been assumed to contribute to ill health (e.g., through being stressful, facilitating infection transmission, etc.). In this paper, we add a new dimension to the emerging field of mass gatherings medicine. Drawing on psychological research concerning group processes, we consider the psychological transformations that occur when people become part of a crowd. We then consider how these transformations may have various consequences for health and well-being. Some of these consequences may be positive. For example, a sense of shared identity amongst participants may encourage participants to view others as a source of social support which in turn contributes to a sense of health and well-being. However, some consequences may be negative. Thus, this same sense of shared identity may result in a loss of disgust at the prospect of sharing resources (e.g., drinking utensils) which could, in turn, facilitate infection transmission. These, and related issues, are illustrated with research conducted at the Magh Mela (North India). We conclude with an agenda for future research concerning health practices at mass gatherings., (Copyright © 2015 Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Understanding what groups stand for is integral to a diverse array of social processes, ranging from understanding political conflicts to organisational behaviour to promoting public health behaviours. Traditionally, researchers rely on self-report methods such as interviews and surveys to assess groups' collective self-understandings. Here, we demonstrate the value of using naturally occurring online textual data to map the similarities and differences between real-world groups' collective self-understandings. We use machine learning algorithms to assess similarities between 15 diverse online groups' linguistic style, and then use multidimensional scaling to map the groups in two-dimensonal space (N=1,779,098 Reddit comments). We then use agglomerative and k-means clustering techniques to assess how the 15 groups cluster, finding there are four behaviourally distinct group types - vocational, collective action (comprising political and ethnic/religious identities), relational and stigmatised groups, with stigmatised groups having a less distinctive behavioural profile than the other group types. Study 2 is a secondary data analysis where we find strong relationships between the coordinates of each group in multidimensional space and the groups' values. In Study 3, we demonstrate how this approach can be used to track the development of groups' collective self-understandings over time. Using transgender Reddit data (N= 1,095,620 comments) as a proof-of-concept, we track the gradual politicisation of the transgender group over the past decade. The automaticity of this methodology renders it advantageous for monitoring multiple online groups simultaneously. This approach has implications for both governmental agencies and social researchers more generally. Future research avenues and applications are discussed., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Virtual reality technology is argued to be suitable to the simulation study of mass evacuation behavior, because of the practical and ethical constraints in researching this field. This article describes three studies in which a new virtual reality paradigm was used, in which participants had to escape from a burning underground rail station. Study 1 was carried out in an immersion laboratory and demonstrated that collective identification in the crowd was enhanced by the (shared) threat embodied in emergency itself. In Study 2, high-identification participants were more helpful and pushed less than did low-identification participants. In Study 3, identification and group size were experimentally manipulated, and similar results were obtained. These results support a hypothesis according to which (emergent) collective identity motivates solidarity with strangers. It is concluded that the virtual reality technology developed here represents a promising start, although more can be done to embed it in a traditional psychology laboratory setting.

Globally, the hazardous substance in children's goods is of great concern. Toxic chemicals are potentially harmful to the health and growth of infants and children. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)-contaminated children's jewelry is widely encountered in many countries. This study aims to determine the concentration of metal toxicants (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, and Fe) in event-based (Independence Day festival) children's jewelry, considering time-limited and fast production products that may compromise the quality and safety parameters during manufacturing. The determinations are for the time-constraint industrial production of children's jewelry in the context of the toxic substances in a variety of base materials used. This is the first time event-based children's jewelry has been monitored and critically assessed for metal contamination. Forty-two samples, including metallic, wooden, textile, rubber, plastic, and paint-coated plastic children's jewelry, were tested. Seventy-four percent of samples detected Pb and Cd in quantifiable amounts. Ni in 71%, Cu in 67%, Co in 43%, and Zn and Fe were detected in 100% samples with quantifiable amounts. Twenty-two ID-CJ samples exceeded the US regulatory limit for Pb and four samples for Cd. However, twenty-nine samples for Pb, eleven for Cd, five for Co, and one for Cu exceeded the EU regulatory limit. The highest concentration of Pb was found in paint-coated plastic jewelry, and the highest Cd was found in metallic jewelry. These results suggest that the potential hazards of event-based children's jewelry deserve the attention of government agencies seeking to limit children's exposure to toxic chemicals. Intergovernmental organizations and individual countries regulate chemicals in consumer products, but a coordinated international approach is lacking. Some continents and countries still lack in regulations for children's products, especially jewelry, and toys., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background and Aims: Post-surgical biliary leaks (PSBL) are one of the most prevalent and significant adverse events emerging after liver or biliary tract surgeries. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) alone or combined with another approach (Rendez Vous) as treatment of PSBL obtains optimal outcomes due to the possibility of modifying the resistances in the biliary tree., Methods: A retrospective double-center study was conducted in two tertiary centers. Consecutive patients who underwent at least one attempt of PSBL correction by ERCP or Rendez Vous procedure between January 2018 and August 2023 were included. The primary outcome was overall endoscopic clinical success. In contrast, the secondary outcomes were hospital stay exceeding five days and endoscopic clinical success with the first endoscopic procedure at the tertiary center. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess outcomes., Results: 65 patients were included. Patients with one or multiple) leaks had more possibility to achieve the endoscopic clinical success compared to those affected by the association of leaks and stricture (96% vs 67%, p value 0.005). Leaks occurring in the main biliary duct had less probability (67%) to achieve the overall endoscopic clinical success compared to those in the end-to-end anastomosis (90%), in the resection plane or biliary stump (96%) or first or secondary order biliary branches (100%, p value 0.038). A leak-bridging stent positioning had more probability of achieving the endoscopic clinical success than a not leak-bridging stent (91% vs 53%, p value 0.005)., Conclusions: ERCP and Rendez Vous procedures are safe and effective for treating PSBL, regardless of the type of preceding surgery, even if technical or clinical success was not achieved on the first attempt. A stent should be placed, if feasible, leak-bridging to enhance treatment efficacy., Competing Interests: Declarations. Disclosures: Drs. Dario Quintini, Dr. Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo, Dr. Ilaria Tarantino, Dr. Giacomo Sarzo, Dr. Alberto Fantin, Dr. Roberto Miraglia, Dr. Luigi Maruzzelli, Dr. Dario Ligresti, Dr. Lucio Carrozza, Dr. Gabriele Rancatore, Dr. Salvatore Gruttadauria, Dr. Umberto Cillo, Dr. Francesco Ferrara, and Dr Mario Traina have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The various group and category memberships that we hold are at the heart of who we are. They have been shown to affect our thoughts, emotions, behavior, and social relations in a variety of social contexts, and have more recently been linked to our mental and physical well-being. Questions remain, however, over the dynamics between different group memberships and the ways in which we cognitively and emotionally acquire these. In particular, current assessment methods are missing that can be applied to naturally occurring data, such as online interactions, to better understand the dynamics and impact of group memberships in naturalistic settings. To provide researchers with a method for assessing specific group memberships of interest, we have developed ASIA (Automated Social Identity Assessment), an analytical protocol that uses linguistic style indicators in text to infer which group membership is salient in a given moment, accompanied by an in-depth open-source Jupyter Notebook tutorial ( https://github.com/Identity-lab/Tutorial-on-salient-social-Identity-detection-model ). Here, we first discuss the challenges in the study of salient group memberships, and how ASIA can address some of these. We then demonstrate how our analytical protocol can be used to create a method for assessing which of two specific group memberships-parents and feminists-is salient using online forum data, and how the quality (validity) of the measurement and its interpretation can be tested using two further corpora as well as an experimental study. We conclude by discussing future developments in the field., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Buffalo physiology intricately balances energy, profoundly influencing health, productivity, and reproduction. This study explores nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk, revealing OXPHOS Complex I gene expression variations in buffalo tissues through high-throughput RNA sequencing. Unveiling tissue-specific disparities, the research elucidates the genomic landscape of crucial energy production genes, with broader implications for veterinary and agricultural progress. Post-slaughter, tissues from post-pubertal female buffaloes underwent meticulous processing and RNA extraction using the TRIzol method. RNA-Seq library preparation and IlluminaHiSeq 2500 sequencing were performed on QC-passed samples. Data underwent stringent filtration, mapping to the Bubalus bubalis genome using HISAT2. DESeq2 facilitated differential expression gene (DEG) analysis focusing on 57 Mitocarta 3-derived genes associated with OXPHOS complex I. Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein transcripts of OXPHOS complex 1 exhibited tissue-specific variations, with 51 genes expressing significantly across tissues. DEG analysis emphasized tissue-specific expression patterns, highlighting a balanced OXPHOS complex I subunit expression in the kidney vs. brain. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment showcased mitochondria-centric terms, revealing distinct proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses emphasized Thermogenesis and OXPHOS pathways, enriching our understanding of tissue-specific energy metabolism. Noteworthy up-regulation of NDUFB10 in the heart and kidney aligned with heightened metabolic activity. Brain-specific up-regulation of NDUFAF6 indicated a focus on mitochondrial function, while variations in NDUFA11 and ACAD9 underscored pivotal roles in the heart and kidney. GO and KEGG analyses highlighted tissue-specific mitochondrial ATP synthesis and NADH dehydrogenase processes, providing molecular insights into organ-specific metabolic demands and regulatory mechanisms. Our study unveils conserved and tissue-specific nuances in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial OXPHOS complex I genes, laying a foundation for understanding diverse energy demands and potential health implications., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Inorganic elements are added to toys as impurities to give desired stability, brightness, flexibility, and color; however, these elements may cause numerous health issues after acute or chronic exposure. In this study, the inorganic profile of 14 elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, and Zn) in 63 toy makeup products was identified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after microwave acid digestion method. Additionally, organic allergen fragrance was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The systemic exposure dosage (SED), margin of safety (MoS), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard indices were used to assess the safety evaluation. Then, 57 out of 63 samples (90.48%) exceeded the limits at least for one toxic element with descending order Ni > Cr > Co > Pb > Sb > Cd > As > Hg. The SED values were compared with tolerable daily intake values and remarkably differences were found for Al and Pb. The MoS values for 57.15% of samples exceeded the limit value for Al, As, Cd, Co, Hg, Mn, Sb, and Zn elements. The LCR values were observed at 100% (n = 63), 79.37% (n = 50), 85.71% (n = 54), 77.78% (n = 49), and 18.87% (n = 10) for Cr, Ni, As, Pb, and Cd, respectively. Also, the skin sensitization risks were obtained for Cr and Ni at 26.980% (n = 17) and 9.52% (n = 6), respectively. The HQ values for 80% of samples were found to be ≥ 1 at least for one parameter. The investigation of fragrance allergens in samples did not show any significant ingredients. As a result, toy makeup products marketed in local stores were found to be predominantly unsafe. Children should be protected from harmful chemicals by regular monitoring and strict measures., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Based on the theoretical framework of the Model of Preventive Behaviours at Work, the aim of this study was to describe the the occupational rehabilitation strategies the literature reports that support workers who have suffered an occupational injury in adopting preventive behaviours., Methods: To conduct this scoping review, we used a systematic methodology in 7 steps : (1) definition of the research question and inclusion/exclusion criteria; (2) scientific and gray literature search; (3) determination of manuscripts' eligibility; (4) extraction and charting of information; (5) quality assessment; (6) interpretation; and (7) knowledge synthesis., Results: We selected 46 manuscripts of various types (e.g. randomized trials, qualitative studies, governmental documents). Manuscripts were mainly of good or high quality according to our quality assessment. The strategies for coaching, engaging, educating and collaborating were mostly reported in the literature to support the development of the six preventive behaviours during occupational rehabilitation. The results also suggest that heterogeneity exists regarding the specificity of the strategies reported in the literature, which may have hindered our ability to provide rich and detailed descriptions. Literature also mainly describes individually oriented behaviours and reports strategies requiring a low level of worker involvement, which represent issues to adress in future researh projects., Conclusion: The strategies described in this article reprensent concrete levers that occupational rehabilitation professionals can use to support workers in the adoption of preventive behaviours at work on return from having suffered an occupational injury., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Recently, phthalate exposure has become a major public health concern. However, gaps still remain in our understanding of phthalate profile characteristics, source screening, and gas-phase estimation. This study measured phthalate concentrations in dust and window films in 101 dormitories at 13 universities in Beijing, China, from October to December 2019. Based on the phthalate concentrations in the dust and window films, we estimated the gas-phase phthalate concentrations using steady-state and instantaneous equilibrium models, respectively, and male and female students' dermal exposure using the Monte Carlo simulation. Commonly used materials and supplies were screened for phthalate sources and evaluated using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results showed that the detection frequency of ten phthalates ranged from 79.2 to 100% in dust and from 84.2 to 100% in window films. Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were the most abundant phthalates in both indoor media and were also predominant in the indoor materials and supplies. The PMF results indicated that the potential sources of phthalates in dust and window films had both similarities and differences. Indoor door seals, paint, coatings, cables, air-conditioning rubber cable ties, wallpaper, and window seals were highly probable sources of phthalates. The gas-phase phthalate concentrations estimated using the two methods differed, especially for phthalates with high octanol-air partition coefficients (K oa ), varying by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, compared with related studies, the gas-phase concentrations were significantly underestimated for phthalates with high K oa values, while the estimated gas-phase concentrations of phthalates with low K oa values were closer to the measured values. The estimated dermal exposure using the two methodologies also considerably differed. Such findings suggest that more attention should be focused on the exposure risk from the dust phase and window film phase phthalates., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study investigated the relationship between personality traits, religiosity and satisfaction with life in young Muslim and Christian women. The current research involved a convenience sample (N = 200; M age  = 21.26) that was drawn from Kinnaird College for Women University Lahore, and Youhanabad Town Lahore, Pakistan. The Big Five Inventory, Centrality of Religiosity Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were administered. Results of correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between 'conscientiousness' and 'religious ideology' among Muslim women, whereas 'openness' and 'agreeableness' were strongly associated with all the dimensions of religiosity in Christian women. Findings of hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that extraversion and agreeableness significantly predicted life satisfaction among Muslim and Christian participants respectively. Religiosity did not contribute to life satisfaction among both groups. Results of independent sample t-test showed that Christian women reported significantly higher degrees of extraversion and life satisfaction as compared to Muslim women who in contrast reported significantly higher level of agreeableness, neuroticism, and public religious practice. The findings are discussed in the context of gender, religion, culture and mental health., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

While severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and moral injury among civilians affected by armed conflicts is generally understudied, even less research exists on civilian populations during an active war. This paper reports a large-scale study that administered standard assessments of PTSD and moral injury severity, as well as rich demographic questionnaires, to nearly 1300 Ukrainian civilians during the ongoing Russian invasion. Analyses revealed an extremely high prevalence of severe PTSD symptoms and moral injury, relative to both proposed clinical cut-offs and to earlier measurements from a similar population. Further regression analyses identified risk factors and protective factors. Greater severity of PTSD symptoms was observed among women, older and forcibly displaced individuals, and individuals from geographic regions under Russian occupation. Higher education correlated with milder PTSD symptoms. Moral injury was particularly strong in younger individuals. The present study is one of the first to report a large scale set of psychological data collected from the civilian population of Ukraine during the ongoing Russian invasion. It is obvious from the scope and long-term nature of the atrocities that psychological treatment of the civilian population will be required both presently, while the hostilities are ongoing, and in the future. This data contributes to a detailed understanding of the psychological response to traumatic stress, including its overall prevalence and presence in specific demographically and geographically defined civilian groups., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) results in a total healthcare cost of 12.3 billion dollars to the United States annually. GERD is often seen with hiatal hernias. Our study aims to compare short-term functional outcomes and postoperative symptom relief afforded by hiatal hernia repair with transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), together known as hybrid repair, to those of hiatal hernia repair with surgical fundoplication (conventional repair). We performed a retrospective chart review on 112 consecutive patients who underwent robot assisted laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair at a community hospital by a single surgeon. We found that the short-term functional results and symptom relief with hybrid repair were no superior to those with conventional repair. We did not find a significant difference between hybrid and conventional repair in terms of in 30 day complications, ER visits or inpatients admissions. The number of patients who were symptomatic at delayed follow-up was not significantly different between both the groups. As such, short-term functional outcomes and symptom relief with hybrid hiatal hernia repair are no superior to those with conventional repair. Therefore, surgical repair of hiatal hernia with surgical fundoplication remains the standard of care until further data is available on long-term outcomes of the hybrid approach., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

In this study we aimed to assess whether individuals with ASD are prone to higher infection rates, or to severe COVID-19 illness. Individuals with ASD and age- and gender-matched controlled counterparts (total n = 32,812) were assessed for COVID-19 infection rates and hospitalizations. Results indicated higher infection rates among individuals with ASD, with the largest effect among individuals aged 40-60 (OR = 2.05, 95%CI 1.33-3.15, p < .001), as well as higher odds for hospitalizations, evident primarily in men (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.14-5.02, p = 0.02) but not women. Medical and environmental risk factors may associate ASD with higher infection and morbidity rates. Healthcare policy providers should consider proactive steps to protect this population from the associated risks., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Almost 2 years into the pandemic and with vaccination of children significantly lagging behind adults, long-term pediatric humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are understudied. The C19.CHILD Hamburg (COVID-19 Child Health Investigation of Latent Disease) Study is a prospective cohort study designed to identify and follow up children and their household contacts infected in the early 2020 first wave of SARS-CoV-2. We screened 6113 children < 18 years by nasopharyngeal swab-PCR in a low-incidence setting after general lockdown, from May 11 to June 30, 2020. A total of 4657 participants underwent antibody testing. Positive tests were followed up by repeated PCR and serological testing of all household contacts over 6 months. In total, the study identified 67 seropositive children (1.44%); the median time after infection at first presentation was 83 days post-symptom onset (PSO). Follow-up of household contacts showed less than 100% seroprevalence in most families, with higher seroprevalence in families with adult index cases compared to pediatric index cases (OR 1.79, P = 0.047). Most importantly, children showed sustained seroconversion up to 9 months PSO, and serum antibody concentrations persistently surpassed adult levels (ratio serum IgG spike children vs. adults 90 days PSO 1.75, P < 0.001; 180 days 1.38, P = 0.01; 270 days 1.54, P = 0.001). In a low-incidence setting, SARS-CoV-2 infection and humoral immune response present distinct patterns in children including higher antibody levels, and lower seroprevalence in families with pediatric index cases. Children show long-term SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. These findings are relevant to novel variants with increased disease burden in children, as well as for the planning of age-appropriate vaccination strategies., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Children's plastic toys may contain toxic metals to which infants and young children can be orally exposed and may pose acute or chronic adverse health effects. This research aims to evaluate the total metal concentrations (TMCs) of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Mn in children's plastic toys bought in the local markets of Karachi, Pakistan, and compare TMCs to different toy safety regulatory limits. A total of 44 children's plastic toys sourced in the Karachi local markets were analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer for contamination of hazardous elements. Toy samples were divided into two groups: plastic toys (DCT) and plastic toys with paints or coatings (DPCT). For plastic toys, 83% (19) of samples had TMCs that exceeded European Union (EU) toy safety regulation limits for Pb, and 65% (15) of samples that exceeded for Cd. For plastic toys with paints or coating, 43% (9) of samples had TMCs that exceeded EU migration limits for Pb and 24% (5) for Cd. More than 20 samples exceeded the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (US CPSC), Canadian, and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) toy safety regulation limits. In toy samples (n = 44), very high TMCs of Pb (64%), Cd (45%), Cr (5%), and Ni (2%) were observed. Zn, Cu, and Mn TMCs existed but were below the regulation limits. The contamination levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni and smaller extent of Zn, Cu, and Mn still pose health issues in children and may cause serious problems in their health., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act led to the rapid implementation of telemedicine across healthcare office settings. This innovation has the potential to improve healthcare use and ensure continuity of care. However, this delivery model could have an unintended consequence of worsening racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare utilization if adoption varies across sub-populations., Objective: To examine associations between telemedicine use and race/ethnicity between 3/1/2020 and 11/30/2020, and the influence of other individual- and geographical-level factors on this relationship., Design: Cohort study PARTICIPANTS: EMR data from 55 clinics in a FQHC network MAIN MEASURES: The dependent variable was visit type (in-person vs. telemedicine). Predictors of interest were patient race and ethnicity. To account for repeated visits within each patient nested within clinic, a three-level, mixed-effects, multivariable, logistic regression model was used. Subgroup analyses examined correlates of telemedicine use in African American and Hispanic cohorts, separately., Key Results: The analytic sample included 233,302 visits for 67,733 unique patients. African Americans (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.69), Asians (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.65), and American Indians / Alaska Natives and other Pacific Islanders (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98) were significantly less likely to use telemedicine compared to Whites. Hispanics were also less likely to have a telemedicine visit (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.51) compared to non-Hispanics. Nonacute visits were more likely to be conducted via telemedicine. Distance to clinic exhibited a dose-response relationship such that patients who lived farthest from the clinics were most likely to have telemedicine visits. In the subgroup analyses to examine predictors of telemedicine use, the dose-response relationship between distance from clinic and telemedicine use persisted, with increasing distance associated with increasing likelihood of telemedicine use, in both African American and Hispanic cohorts. Nonacute visits were associated with telemedicine use in the Hispanic cohort, but not in the Black / African American cohort., Conclusion: Racial/ethnic disparities in telemedicine use persisted among this cohort. However, telemedicine improved utilization for African Americans and Hispanics living farther away from the clinic., (© 2021. This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Background: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided liver biopsy is a novel technique to obtain adequate liver samples for diagnosis of liver parenchymal diseases. There are studies that have evaluated the feasibility and safety of EUS-guided parenchymal liver biopsy (EUS-LB), however, factors that can influence specimen quality are yet to be determined. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-LB and evaluate factors associated with specimen quality., Methods: We performed a detailed search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science™ databases to identify studies in which results of EUS-guided liver parenchymal biopsies were reported published up to July 2020. A random effects model was used to estimate pooled values (mean ± SE) for total specimen length (TSL) and complete portal tracts (CPT). Subgroup analyses were applied to find out the procedural factors associated with better specimen quality using Cochran's Q test. A total of 10 meta-analyses were done focusing on international studies. Total of 1326 patients who underwent EUS-LB. EUS-LBs performed for suspicion of parenchymal liver disease. Pooled mean values for TSL and CPT with subgroup analyses., Results: Twenty-three studies with a total of 1326 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Overall pooled mean TSL and CPT were 45.3 ± 4.6 mm and 15.8 ± 1.5, respectively. In subgroup analysis, core biopsy needles proved to better in terms of CPT than fine-needle aspiration needles (18.4 vs 10.99, p = 0.003). FNB with slow-pull or suction technique provided a similar TSL (44.3 vs 53.9 mm, p = 0.40), however, slow-pull technique was better in terms of CPT (30 vs 14.6, p < 0.001). Heterogeneity was present among the studies. Another limitation is the low number randomized control trials., Conclusion: EUS-guided parenchymal liver biopsy is a good alternative to other methods of liver sampling. Using FNB needles with a slow-pull technique can provide better results., (© 2020. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Prosociality is often considered as quintessential in coping with the threats of health emergencies. As previous research has suggested, prosocial behaviors are shaped by both dispositional factors and situational cues about the helping situation. In the present research, we investigated whether 'bonding' types of prosociality, helping directed towards close others within one's social network, and 'bridging' types of prosociality, helping directed towards vulnerable people across group boundaries, are predicted by basic individual values and threat appraisals concerning COVID-19. During the pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the US and India (N.sub.total = 954), using the Schwartz value inventory and a multifaceted measure of threat assessment to predict prosocial helping intentions. After controlling for other value and threat facets, self-transcendence values and threat for vulnerable groups uniquely predicted both bonding and bridging types of prosociality. Furthermore, threat for vulnerable groups partially mediated the effect of self-transcendence on prosocial helping intentions: People who endorsed self-transcendent values were particularly concerned by the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups, and thus willing to engage in prosocial behaviours to help those in need. Our findings support the idea that prosociality is stimulated by empathic concerns towards others in need and underline the importance for future research to consider the broad spectrum of threats appraised by people during health emergencies., Author(s): Emanuele Politi [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jasper Van Assche [sup.3] [sup.4] , Adrian Lüders [sup.5] , Sindhuja Sankaran [sup.6] [sup.8] , Joel Anderson [sup.7] , Eva G.T. Green [sup.2] Author [...]

Research on social media use and its impact on social relationships has produced mixed findings. Online groups that target people with a shared identity or experience may be one aspect of social media use that is more likely to generate positive outcomes, yet their effects are understudied. People with minority identities may be particularly likely to benefit from online communities due to greater barriers accessing in person support. The extent to which people feel similar to online group members, the importance of the focal identity or experience, and the ways in which they participate may help explain who gets the most out of online groups. Using an online survey, the current study used path analysis to test these potential predictors of support availability and sense of belonging within two Facebook groups for multiracial people (N = 461). Results indicated that multiracial people who perceived others in the group as more similar to themselves experienced greater belonging and perceived the group as better able to provide support. Users who viewed their multiracial identity as highly important also experienced better social support outcomes. Finally, active participation and self-disclosure were both associated with better support outcomes. This study indicates the potential for online groups to facilitate positive outcomes through connections to similar others. Findings contribute to the literature on online group use by identifying specific contexts, types of engagement, and user characteristics that can promote positive outcomes during social media and online group use., Author(s): Rebecca Godard [sup.1] , Susan Holtzman [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03rmrcq20, grid.17091.3e, 0000 0001 2288 9830, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, , Kelowna, Canada Social networking sites [...]

The study of the antecedents of employee followership behavior is one of the hot topics in management psychology research. Based on self-determination theory and using a questionnaire method, this research investigated the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee followership behavior, and explored the roles of relational identification and spiritual intelligence in this relationship. A Chinese sample of 372 paired leader-employee data was used to verify the proposed theoretical model. The findings suggested that spiritual leadership had a positive relationship with employee followership behavior, and that relational identification played a mediating role in this positive relationship. In addition, the positive relationship between spiritual leadership and relational identification was more significant when employees' spiritual intelligence was high than when it was low. Also, the indirect effect of spiritual leadership on employee followership behavior through relational identification relied on employees' spiritual intelligence, such that the indirect effect was stronger when employees' spiritual intelligence was high than when it was low. Our research further provided several theoretical and practical implications for future research., Author(s): Zunkang Cui [sup.1] , Xiaotong Ji [sup.2] , Pingqing Liu [sup.3] , Ruiyan Li [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01skt4w74, grid.43555.32, 0000 0000 8841 6246, School of Materials Science and [...]

Author(s): Dongfang Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] , Siwei Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Qi Wu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Menghao Ren [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/053w1zy07, grid.411427.5, 0000 0001 0089 3695, [...], Among the different tastes, the preference for spiciness seems to be quite common around the world. While widely liked by many people, the psychological effects of eating spicy food have not received too much attention. Can the preference and consumption of spicy food affect our behaviors? More importantly, can spicy food eating affect our emotion perception process which is the core driver of social cognition? The present research explores these questions. More specially, the results showed that spicy food preference positively predicted the perceptual sensitivity for the facial expression of anger and disgust, and the relationship was mediated by trait aggression and trait pathogen avoidance. Additionally, we further explored the effects of spicy food consumption on the perception of anger and disgust, the results demonstrated that consuming spicy food can increase individual&apos;s state aggression, which subsequently facilitates the perception of angry expressions. The results of these studies will help us to reveal that how the taste of spiciness shapes the emotion perception process. They will deepen our understanding of the emotion perception process and the relationship between our mind and body, and have great implications for our food industry and our policymakers.

The concept of women as &apos;child-bearers&apos; and the overarching view of motherhood as a prerequisite for female fulfilment has formed the basis for societal expectations of the female gender for centuries. However, the number of women who choose not to have children is increasing. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of millennials&apos; perception of voluntarily childless women in the UK. It also aimed to explore the extent to which these perceptions are culturally specific and are shaped by societal expectations and the media. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with participants aged between twenty-three and thirty-eight years. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis informed by a social constructionist epistemological standpoint. Data analysis related to millennial perceptions of voluntarily childless women in the UK revealed three dominant themes: (1) women are expected to behave in accordance with socially constructed gender norms; (2) women are presumed to desire children, as dictated by their gender; and (3) external positive perspectives contrast with internal negative perceptions. Findings indicated that women remain captive to the culture of prevalent gendered expectations that conflate womanhood with motherhood. Millennial mothers displayed external positive perspectives toward voluntarily childless women, but internal prejudices and biases were apparent in the data. Despite the rapidly evolving changes in relation to social norms and gender roles in modern-day life, millennial perceptions in the UK align with the long-standing traditional belief that women must become mothers in order to realise social satisfaction and ultimate fulfilment in their lives., Author(s): Hannah E. Colledge [sup.1] , Jessica Runacres [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/02yhrrk59, grid.57686.3a, 0000 0001 2232 4004, University of Derby, , Derby, East Midlands, UK (2) https://ror.org/00d6k8y35, grid.19873.34, 0000 [...]

Author(s): Yingbao Huo [sup.1] , Zongrui Liu [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/031y8am81, grid.440844.8, 0000 0000 8848 7239, School of Business Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, , 3 Wenyuan [...], Little research has investigated the effect of servant leadership (SL) on employees&apos; negative feedback-seeking behaviors (FSB). We integrate three theoretical perspectives, social exchange, social identification and social learning, to test the processes through which SL facilitates employees&apos; negative FSB. By conducting a longitudinal study with the sample of 403 employees, we find that leader-member exchange (LMX), leader identification, and self-efficacy, which are functioned as theoretical perspectives, social exchange, social identification and social learning, play mediating roles in SL-negative FSB relationship. Further, LMX and leader identification sequentially mediates the relation of SL and negative FSB. LMX, self-efficacy sequentially mediates the influence of SL on negative FSB.

Author(s): Jia-Qiong Xie [sup.1] , Xue-Qin Yin [sup.2] [sup.3] , Jiang Qiu [sup.2] [sup.4] [sup.5] , Jing Yang [sup.1] , Yuan-Yuan Huang [sup.1] , Mei Li [sup.1] , Ke Chen [...], Interindividual differences in personal values are prevalent both within and across societies. Interindividual differences in personal value and the relationships with mental health disorders and life satisfaction remain to be holistically considered, especially in China. The present study aims to characterize personal value profiles based on Schwartz&apos;s theory model and to examine differences in several mental health-related disorders and life satisfaction potentially across these profiles. Using convenience sampling, a sample of 8,540 Chinese college students (M.sub.age = 18.89, SD.sub.age = 2.02, 57.7% male) from three universities completed a questionnaire assessing personal values, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, substance disorders, crime/violence, and life satisfaction. The latent profile analysis identified five personal value profiles, which were labelled as traditional social orientation, open personal orientation, open social orientation, moderate traditional social orientation, and average. Chinese college students in the three social orientation profiles reported low mental health disorders and high life satisfaction. In contrast, students in the personal orientation profile reported high mental health disorders and low life satisfaction. The results indicate the heterogeneity of Chinese college students&apos; personal values and the positive relationship of social-oriented values with mental health and life satisfaction in collectivist cultures.

Author(s): O. P. Ibragimova [sup.1] [sup.2] , Anara Omarova [sup.1] [sup.2] , Bauyrzhan Bukenov [sup.1] [sup.2] , Nassiba Baimatova [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03q0vrn42, grid.77184.3d, 0000 0000 8887 5266, [...], Acetophenone is a reagent used in various consumer products, including fragrance chemicals in toys and childcare products. Contact with acetophenone-containing materials can harm human health, and therefore acetophenone migration levels should be controlled. A new procedure for the quantification of acetophenone migrated to air and water from toys and school supplies using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection is proposed. The optimal combination of acetophenone response and its relative standard deviations was achieved for air samples after 10-min extraction at 25°C and for water samples after the addition of 3.5 g of salt, agitation/preincubation at 500 rpm for 5 min at 60°C, and 20-min extraction by polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber. The developed procedure provided linear calibration with R.sup.2 > 0.996 at 1-50 [micro]g/m.sup.3 in air and 1-20 [micro]g/L in water, and low limits of detection and quantification of acetophenone in the air (0.01, 0.04 [micro]g/m.sup.3) and water (0.01, 0.03 [micro]g/L). Spike recoveries of acetophenone were 109-116% for air and 90-111% for water. Acetophenone concentrations migrated from toys and school supplies into the air ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 [micro]g/m.sup.3, except for eraser type II (9.7 [micro]g/m.sup.3) which exceeded the maximum permissible concentration by 3.2 times. Acetophenone concentrations migrated to water were 1.3-3.5 [micro]g/L.

Author(s): Guodong Cui [sup.1] , Fuxi Wang [sup.2] , Ying Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/041pakw92, grid.24539.39, 0000 0004 0368 8103, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of [...], Although literature frequently argues that diversity stimulates innovative work behavior, theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on this relationship remain inconsistent. Based on self-category theory, this study aims to comprehensively investigate when and how team cognitive diversity benefits or inhibits innovative work behavior. We introduced a new context of research (i.e., virtual teams) during COVID-19 and tested a moderated mediation model using a two-wave survey of 238 employees from 56 virtual teams in China. The results indicated that team cognitive diversity negatively related to knowledge sharing, which in turn inhibited innovative work behavior. In addition, openness to experience moderated the relationship between team cognitive diversity and knowledge sharing, such that cognitive diversity positively related to knowledge sharing among employees with a high openness to experience, while it negatively related to knowledge sharing among those with low openness. These findings enrich the existing literature on innovation by clarifying the mechanisms and boundary conditions of team cognitive diversity and innovative work behavior.

Author(s): Kailin Cheng [sup.1] , Chuanjun Liu [sup.2] , Jiangqun Liao [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03cve4549, grid.12527.33, 0000 0001 0662 3178, Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, , Haidian District, 100084, [...], Air pollution is a global concern with both health and psychological costs. Drawing upon the unethical impacts of air pollution, this paper proposes that haze could give rise to unethical tendencies through enhanced anonymity. Big data analysis of daily web searches across a period of three years revealed that an increase in web searches for unethical words was associated with hazy days. Three subsequent experiments established the causal effects of psychologically experiencing haze or personally experiencing hazy days on unethical intentions and cheating behaviors. Moreover, these effects were mediated by perceived anonymity, intensified by the low visibility in haze. In support of deindividuation, masking, which could boost perceived anonymity, amplified the unethical effects of air pollution. Taken together, these findings suggest that perceived anonymity was a key psychological process underlying the unethical effects of haze. The findings of the study provide insights for researchers and policy makers to tackle the adverse effects of anonymity, especially on polluted days.

Author(s): Carin Bergh [sup.1] , Jenny M. Hoobler [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.49697.35, 0000 0001 2107 2298, Department of Human Resource Management, University of Pretoria, , Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa [...], We explore whether abusive supervision may occur more in mixed-race supervisor-subordinate dyads. Specifically, our model tests whether, in mixed-race dyads, a manager&apos;s implicit racial bias may be associated with racial microaggressions, and, subsequently, subordinates&apos; perceptions of the degree to which that manager is an abusive supervisor. Social identity theory supports the why of these predictions. We also test when it may be possible for some managers to overcome their racial biases-by engaging in behaviors reflective of viewing their subordinates as individuals, rather than members of another race, via individuation theory. In this vein, we investigate a way in which race-based mistreatment and abusive supervision may be mitigated. We tested our predictions in 137 manager-employee dyads in two chemical manufacturing firms in South Africa. We found a positive relationship between manager implicit racial bias and abusive supervision, and that this relationship is lessened by individualized consideration-a moderator of the mediated effect of manager racial microaggressions on bias and abuse. Thus, our hypotheses were supported. We conclude with implications for victimized employees, and possible strategies to combat race-based aggression for organizations.

Author(s): Mohammad Ghazi Shahnawaz [sup.1] , Kaveri Gupta [sup.1] , Korsi Dorene Kharshiing [sup.1] , Drishti Kashyap [sup.1] , Masrat Khursheed [sup.1] , Neda Haseeb Khan [sup.1] , Ritika Uniyal [...], The present research explored individual and group level risk factors in preventive health and panic buying behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, COVID-19 anxiety, and personal identity were considered individual-level risk factors. Group based identities such as family, religious groups, and identification with one&apos;s nation were considered as group level risk factors. Standardized scales have been used to measure all the constructs under study. Data were collected electronically from 305 Indian respondents. Hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS Version 22 was used to test the hypotheses. Results showed that personal identity and identification with the nation predicted preventive health behavior. Panic buying behavior was predicted by the location of the respondents (containment versus non-containment zones), perceived severity, and one&apos;s personal identity. The interplay of individual and social factors is reflective of both individual and collective agencies in the adoption of preventive health behaviors, while only individual-level factors led to panic buying behavior. The findings of this study have implications for curbing, managing, and reinforcing desirable and non-desirable behavior during the present pandemic as well as in the future as well.

Author(s): Yanhui Mao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Xinyue Kang [sup.3] , Yao Lai [sup.3] , Junkai Yu [sup.3] , Xuyuan Deng [sup.3] , Yuxi Zhai [sup.4] , Feng Kong [sup.5] , [...], The present work investigated fundamental mediating mechanisms (i.e., flow experience, organizational identification, and trust), underlining the impact of authentic leadership on employee resilience during the turbulent COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 901 frontline employees working in a construction engineering company in China participated in this study. They were asked to respond to a battery of questionnaires comprising Trust Scale (affective-based, cognitive-based, and competence-based), Flow Proneness Questionnaire (FPQ), Organizational Identification Scale, Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and Employee Resilience Scale. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that: (1) Authentic leadership positively predicted employee resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic, directly and indirectly. (2) As for the indirect relationship, two parallel mediation effects and one chain mediation were detected: employees&apos; flow at work and organizational identification respectively and dependently mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and employee resilience; trust and organizational identification played as a chain mediation role within authentic leadership-employee resilience association. The study provides empirical evidence for organizations&apos; resilience-building and leadership training programs. Findings also contribute to the literature by facilitating flow intervention, promoting organizational identification and trust to enhance the effect of authentic leadership in promoting positive psychological functioning of employee resilience. Limitations with respect to future research directions were also outlined.

Author(s): Douglas P. Kennedy [sup.1] , Alex Haley [sup.1] , Roni Evans [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.17635.36, 0000000419368657, University of Minnesota, Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, , [...], Addressing teachers&apos; ability to better navigate stress and emotional responses has the potential to improve classroom behaviors, student learning as well as teachers&apos; wellbeing. While there is growing interest in mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), there is need for greater attention to design aligned with relevant theories and transparent reporting to improve the rigor and translation of research. While utilized widely in health and behavior fields, behavior change theory has not been applied extensively in education or MBI research. This descriptive methodological paper articulates the intervention mapping and design process of an MBI to improve teachers&apos; stress and emotional regulation. To improve reporting, we use a post hoc application of a well-established behavioral model. Application of the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) as part of an intervention mapping approach for an MBI to align teacher&apos;s needs with intervention elements most likely to achieve desired behavioral outcomes. The paper illustrates an approach which includes defining the problem in behavioral terms, identification of target behaviors and behavioral change techniques, and selection of strategies and modes of intervention delivery. A systematic intervention mapping approach applying the BCW can yield a holistic MBI for the desired behavior change, enhanced emotion and stress regulation in teachers. This example of applying the BCW to the design of an MBI demonstrates how intervention designers and researchers can make decisions about which techniques and delivery components to include in their interventions, and how to systematically describe them. Such approaches have the potential to improve the reporting and methodological rigor of future MBI research and the successful application of interventions in practice.

Author(s): Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan [sup.1] , Ali Haider Mohammed [sup.1] [sup.2] , Abdulrasool M. Wayyes [sup.1] , Sinan Subhi Farhan [sup.3] , Omar Abdulwahid Al-Ani [sup.1] , Ali Blebil [...], Governments worldwide have imposed lockdowns in their countries to restrict unnecessary movement and curb the spread and transmission of the Covid-19 as a mitigation measure. The education sector has also implemented rapid changes, and this has transformed the operational procedures for both students and lecturers. As the pandemic has progressed, its emotional and psychological toll is equally bearing on students, leading to lockdown fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the level of lockdown-induced fatigue and its correlation with personal resilience and coping skills among university students in Iraq. This study used quantitative methods of research using a cross-sectional study design. A questionnaire survey was distributed electronically among 819 university students in Iraq. The study used three standardised scales: the lockdown fatigue scale, brief resilience scale, and coping behaviours questionnaire for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were done using SPSS. Overall, students indicated a high level of lockdown fatigue with a mean score of 33.48out of 50. Fear of personal safety and the wellbeing of the family was the most fear expressed by the students. The ability to go through stressful times and unpleasant events was the most common worry among the students. Female, urbanised, and science field students were the most students who suffered from lockdown-induced fatigue. However, positive coping behaviours and personal resilience were significantly correlated with decreasing fatigue levels during the lockdown period. Level of lockdown fatigue accelerated in an alarming stage among university students in Iraq. Hence, students need to build their emotional resilience and learn how to navigate surviving hard times and bounce back after a loss. This could be facilitated by counselling services being availed to educational and social institutions to benefit university students.

Author(s): Alex Yue Feng Zhu [sup.1] , Kee Lee Chou [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411382.d, 0000 0004 1770 0716, Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, , Tuen Mun, Hong Kong [...], On the basis of conceptualizing militant action as non-normative political participation, the group-based model of appraisal and emotions (GAE) depicts a pathway that explains public support for militant protest as the outcome of group-based subjective situational assessment and consequent emotional feelings. With data from two samples (one identified with militant protesters and the other with moderate protesters) in the anti-ELAB movement, we validated two classical pathways in the GAE among Hong Kong residents. Among people identifying with militant protesters, perceiving excessive police action and collective efficacy with militant protesters were significantly associated with support for militant protest via contempt rather than anger. Among people identifying with moderate protesters, perceiving excessive police action and collective efficacy with moderate protesters were significantly associated with support for moderate protest via anger rather than contempt. In addition, we extended the GAE by validating a new pathway that those identifying with moderate protesters would also support militant protest when they felt contempt. The findings indicate that the association between emotion and attitude toward collective action is not fully based on group identification. Our findings unpacked public support for militant protest into support from people identifying with militant protesters and support from those identifying with moderate protesters. The results of this research indicate that the solidarity between militant and moderate protesters in the anti-ELAB movement was not only a tactical cooperation but also a common emotional response (contempt). Our findings propose political communication as a potentially effective manner to deradicalize public attitudes, the core of which should be to mitigate people&apos;s contempt.

Author(s): Muhammed Sukru Aydin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9601.e, 0000 0001 2166 6619, Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Istanbul University, , Istanbul, Turkey Introduction Lying can be described as [...], This study investigates the influence of helping and collaboration on children&apos;s prosocial lie-telling behaviours. A total of 112 children, aged between 42 and 60 months (57 girls), participated in the study. The children in the control group were given an undesirable gift task. To see the impact of time spent with the children in the placebo control group, children completed a puzzle and then received an undesirable gift task. The children in the two different experimental groups were the recipients of helping or collaboration tasks, then their prosocial lies were measured. Results showed that the children in the experimental groups showed a significantly higher prosocial lie-telling behaviour than the control group. It was also found that there was a significant difference between the placebo group and the experimental helping group. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify the predictive effects of control and experimental conditions on prosocial lie-telling behaviour. It was founded that being in the control and placebo control group significantly reduced the likelihood of prosocial lie telling behaviour. Results were discussed in light of the impact of children&apos;s closeness with others and minimal group effects in prosocial lie-telling and cultural factors that might affect prosocial lies.

Author(s): Birga M. Schumpe [sup.1] , Jocelyn J. Bélanger [sup.2] , Claudia F. Nisa [sup.2] , Antonio Pierro [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7177.6, 0000000084992262, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, [...], This paper makes a case for explaining diversity effects through cognitive factors as compared to demographic or other differences in backgrounds. We argue that studying perceived diversity in conjunction with diversity beliefs can explain positive and negative effects through a motivated opening or closing of the mind (Need for Cognitive Closure, NFCC). NFCC is the motivation to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity. In Study 1, we experimentally demonstrate that asking participants to think about differences among their coworkers increases their NFCC. Study 2 shows that greater uncertainty about social norms in the workplace is positively related to NFCC. Study 3 confirms the mediating role of NFCC in explaining divergent thinking attitudes in expatriates working in various multicultural cities around the world. Study 4 demonstrates that perceived diversity is positively associated with NFCC when people hold negative beliefs about diversity, whereas positive beliefs mitigate this effect. Lastly, Study 5 shows that the interaction between perceived diversity and diversity beliefs is further moderated by task type. Taken together, the present research highlights the importance of studying cognitive factors to explain diversity effects.

Author(s): Matthias Donat [sup.1] , Anna Willisch [sup.1] , Anett Wolgast [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9018.0, 0000 0001 0679 2801, Department of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, , [...], The aim of this study was to investigate concurrent relations of belief in a just world (BJW), justice experiences, and empathy to cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization. Our theoretical framework contained a distinction between personal and general BJW and between affective and cognitive empathy. Due to theory and recent research, we expected students&apos; BJW, lecturer and fellow student justice, and empathy to relate negatively to cyber-bullying perpetration. Furthermore, BJW and academic justice experiences are also expected to negatively relate to cyber-bullying victimization. In order to test our hypotheses, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study with N = 663 German university students (M.sub.age = 22.6, SD.sub.age = 3.5; 68% female). Gender, internet use, and social desirability were considered as control variables. A structural equation model showed that students&apos; personal BJW, academic justice experiences, and both empathy dimensions but not general BJW negatively related to cyber-bullying perpetration. Additionally, students&apos; personal BJW and academic justice experiences but not general BJW or empathy were associated with cyber-bullying victimization. Male students and those with a low social desirability were more likely to report cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization. Altogether, not only university students&apos; personal BJW and empathy but also their academic justice experiences related to cyber-bullying perpetration or victimization. Thus, researchers should develop strategies aiming to prevent or reduce cyber-bullying. Those should simultaneously foster students&apos; personal BJW and empathy as well as an academic environment characterized by just behavior of lecturers and students.

Author(s): Estelle Michinov [sup.1] , Nicolas Michinov [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.410368.8, 0000 0001 2191 9284, Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior and Communication (LP3C), Department of Psychology, Univ Rennes, , [...], With the COVID-19 outbreak, the population was suddenly forced to "stay at home". Although research suggests that social isolation affects health and wellbeing, reactions may vary depending on individuals. The current study assessed the relationships between personality variables (preference for solitude and Big Five personality), mental health (anxiety, stress, loneliness), and creativity, and tried to determine whether the identified personality profiles affect individuals&apos; mental health and creativity. French respondents (N = 430) filled in an online questionnaire during the first lockdown in Spring 2020. The results showed that the preference for solitude and personality variables of the Big Five predicted individuals&apos; mental health and creativity. Moreover, a cluster analysis revealed three profiles of individuals: "Affiliation", "Emotionally Stable Lonely" and "Emotionally Unstable Lonely". Results showed that individuals with "Affiliation" and "Emotionally Unstable Lonely" profiles expressed higher stress and anxiety, and the latter performed better on a divergent creative thinking task. By contrast, those with an "Emotionally Stable Lonely" profile expressed a lower level of loneliness, and performed better on a creative insight task. These findings reveal the importance of personality profiles in psychological reactions during lockdowns. With this knowledge, health professionals could develop appropriate interventions to accompany high-risk individuals in situations of social isolation.

Author(s): Kiara Roth [sup.1] [sup.2] , Kai Kaspar [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10253.35, 0000 0004 1936 9756, Philipps-University of Marburg, , Marburg, Germany (2) grid.6190.e, 0000 0000 8580 3777, University [...], Holding companies accountable for their decisions&apos; environmental side effects becomes increasingly important in the light of current debates on the climate crisis. The present study investigated a young sample&apos;s (n = 925) causal and moral responsibility attributions to a company&apos;s manager and their subordinate employee, who were either young or middle-aged. The agents jointly made a profit-oriented decision which either harmed or helped the environment. Results were analyzed with respect to the valence of the side effect, the agents&apos; social role, the agents&apos; age group, and participants&apos; affective state. We successfully replicated findings from prior studies, showing that more intention and moral responsibility is ascribed to the manager in case of a negative side effect than in case of a positive side effect, and that the manager deserves more blame for negative side effects than the employee, whereas the employee deserves more praise for positive side effects. Additionally, responsibility attributions varied with the agents&apos; age group, participants&apos; positive and negative affective state, and participants&apos; gender. By incorporating these hitherto neglected factors, the study complements existing theories of responsibility attribution and intergroup perception. The findings further highlight the contribution of affective mechanisms as driving factors of responsibility attributions. Combining moral responsibility research, intergroup research, and affective measures promises to foster the understanding of how and to whom people ascribe blame, praise, and causal responsibility for environmental consequences.

Author(s): Gaëlle Marinthe [sup.2] [sup.1] , Benoit Testé [sup.2] , Rodolphe Kamiejski [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.433893.6, 0000 0001 2184 0541, Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and [...], Desecration of national symbols is a recurring societal phenomenon that can lead to highly defensive reactions from some citizens, especially on the part of those expressing a strong attachment to the nation. In this paper, we investigated the effects of blind and constructive patriotism when faced with an ingroup (vs. outgroup) national flag burning on ingroup bias, taking into consideration the mediating role of perceived threat. In two studies (N = 252), the level of blind patriotism predicted stronger ingroup bias-due to more negative evaluation of visible minorities and/or more positive evaluation of the ingroup-when another ingroup member burnt an ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag. This effect was partly mediated by a greater threat to the group&apos;s image perceived by blindly patriotic people when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt (Study 2). Study 2 also highlighted a main effect of the symbol: ingroup bias was stronger when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the role played by modes of national attachment and the consequences of desecrating symbols.

Author(s): Anna Wlodarczyk [sup.1] , Larraitz Zumeta [sup.2] , Nekane Basabe [sup.2] , Bernard Rimé [sup.3] [sup.4] , Dario Páez [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8049.5, 0000 0001 2291 598X, Escuela [...], Two quasi-experimental and longitudinal studies examined positive effects of participation in positively valence collective religious and secular activities. Collective emotional gatherings strengthen social cohesion, enhance personal and collective self-esteem, positive affect, and positive shared beliefs among participants, through processes of emotional synchrony. Furthermore, perceived emotional synchrony is associated with experiencing qualitatively different self-transcendent and enjoyment emotions. In Study 1 we compared the effects of participating in Sunday Mass and other secular Sunday activities on enhancement of transcendence beliefs and collective self-esteem and tested the mediational role of perceived emotional synchrony and self-transcendent and enjoyment emotions. In Study 2 serial mediational analyses supported a model in which perceived emotional synchrony increases self-transcendent and enjoyment emotions, which subsequently foster enhancement of positive outcomes (controlling for the baseline) of participation in ritualized folkloric event. The results are discussed from the perspective of neo-Durkheimian model of ritual, emphasizing the role of perceived emotional synchrony over self-trascendent emotions, and from a socio-cultural approach to well-being.

Author(s): Özgür Salih Kaya [sup.1] , Ibrahim Keklik [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.6935.9, 0000 0001 1881 7391, Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Middle East Technical University, [...], This study intended to examine the adjustment experiences of Syrian immigrant university students through their immigration process in Turkey. A qualitative design was utilized. The participants consisted of 14 students attending to state universities in Ankara, 7 of whom were males and 7 females. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted by one of the researchers. Two main categories were identified while analyzing the process of social adaptation of Syrian immigrant university students. These categories were: (a) Integration in Turkey and (b) adaptation to university life. There were six themes under these categories. These themes were; risk factors, protective factors, future expectations, resilience, sense of exclusion/belonging, and facilities at university. Each theme is further divided into subcategories. The findings of the study were discussed in the same order with these subcategories. The results showed that the Syrian university students experienced a relatively easier and faster process of adjustment compared to other Syrians in Turkey. The effects of war seemed to influence the interviewees&apos; endurance against hardships in Turkey and their integration process in Turkey. Some of the most prominent factors impacting the interviewees&apos; process of social inclusion in Turkey were their social and psychological supports, individual characteristics, attending to a university, and social activities at the respective university. Implications, limitations of the study and recommendations for future research were discussed.

Author(s): Özden Melis Ulug [sup.1] [sup.2] , Nevin Solak [sup.3] , Betül Kanik [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.254277.1, 0000 0004 0486 8069, Department of Psychology, Clark University, , 950 Main [...], The coronavirus pandemic has caused unemployment to skyrocket, exposed the longstanding inequalities in health care services and working conditions, and mainly affected the poor in different parts of the world. In the current study, we focus on social identity and social class-related factors that are critical during the pandemic to gain insights into what predicts support for policies favoring economic equality in the post-pandemic period. We argue that to the extent that individuals 1) identify with all humanity during the pandemic, 2) are aware of their socio-economic status-based privilege, 3) do not hold classist attitudes, they would support policies favoring economic equality. In Study 1, survey data from 1212 participants in Turkey were analyzed by means of hierarchical linear regression analysis. The findings showed that stronger identification with all humanity, higher awareness of socio-economic status-based privilege, and less endorsement of classist attitudes predict more support for socio-economic equality policies in the post-pandemic period, after controlling for socio-demographic and socio-political characteristics of participants. Study 2 (N = 212) replicated the findings in a different context, namely the U.S. Our findings extend previous studies by showing the importance of a global identity, such as shared human identity, in the ongoing and potentially in the aftermath of the pandemic. In addition, our findings highlight the joint contributions of socio-economic factors such as classist attitudes and awareness of class-based privilege to the support for socio-economic policies.

Hostile online communication is a global concern. Academic research and teaching staff are among those professionals who routinely give public comments and are thus vulnerable to online attacks. This social psychological and criminological study investigated online harassment victimization among university researchers and teachers. Survey participants (N = 2,492) were university research and teaching staff members from five major universities in Finland. Victimization was assessed with a 20-item inventory. The study included a wide range of both background and general measures on well-being at work. Participants also took part in an online experiment involving a death threat targeting a colleague. Results showed that 30% of the participants reported being victims of online harassment during the prior 6 months. Victims were more often senior staff members, minority group members, and from the social sciences and humanities. Those active in traditional or social media were much more likely to be targeted. Victims reported higher psychological distress, lower generalized trust, and lower perceived social support at work than non-victims. Individuals who were targeted by a colleague from their work community reported higher post-traumatic stress disorder scores and a higher impact of perceived online harassment on their work compared to other victims. In the experimental part of the study, participants reported more anxiety when a close colleague received a death threat. Participants also recommended more countermeasures to a close colleague than to an unknown person from the same research field. Results indicate that online harassment compromises well-being at work in academia. There is an urgent need to find ways of preventing online harassment, both in workplaces and in society at large., Author(s): Atte Oksanen [sup.1] , Magdalena Celuch [sup.1] , Rita Latikka [sup.1] , Reetta Oksa [sup.1] , Nina Savela [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.502801.e, 0000 0001 2314 6254, Faculty of [...]