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This new edition fully updates and expands Faro and Mohamed's Functional Neuroradiology, a gold standard, comprehensive introduction to the state-of-the-art functional imaging in neuroradiology, including the physical principles and clinical applications of Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. With chapters written by internationally distinguished neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and physicists, Functional Neuroradiology is divided into 12 major sections, including: Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging, Multi-Modality Functional Neuroradiology, BOLD Functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Presurgical Brain Tumor Mapping, Emerging neuroimaging techniques, Functional Spine and Hydrocephalus imaging, and Neuroanatomical Gray and Whitematter Brain Atlases. This second edition is fully updated throughout and includes more than 15 new chapters on topics such as: Brain tumor Radiogenomics, CNS Tumor Surveillance and Functional MR Perfusion Imaging, CNS Machine Learning, Focused Ultrasound therapy, TBI Sports Related Injury, and CNS Lymphatic system. By offering readers a complete overview of functional imaging modalities and techniques currently used in patient diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technology, Functional Neuroradiology is a vital information source for physicians and cognitive neuroscientists involved in daily practice and research.

Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of the incidental findings of the nervous system, with emphasis on asymptomatic brain and spinal lesions that have the potential to cause illness. It includes very informative chapters, organized into four main groups: first, incidental findings of the brain and cranium, including intracranial, intraventricular and skull base lesions, infarcts and calcification; secondly, incidental findings of the spine and spinal cord, including spinal cord tumors, syringomyelia, arteriovenous malformations and craniovertebral junction anomalies; thirdly, incidental findings of the spinal nerves and peripheral nerves, including tumors of the plexi and peripheral nerves; and fourthly, other lesions, including acquired incidental lesions of the brain and spine as well as the medicolegal and psychiatric aspects related to these lesions. The uniqueness of this compilation lies in the fact that several abnormalities exist in the nervous system that have the potential to cause life threatening illness; yet because they are asymptomatic and incidental, this leads to major management dilemmas related to whether or not to surgically the lesion. The proponents of an early surgical management subscribe to the philosophy that getting rid of an entity earlier on when it is asymptomatic, leads to an early cure and obviates any risk of it becoming aggressive and incurable later on; those opting for a ‘wait and watch'policy subscribe to the view that no intervention (as well as subjecting the patient to the risk of surgery) is mandated until the lesion becomes symptomatic. This may subject a person to a lifetime of anxiety related to how that lesion is going to evolve, when in all likelihood, the subject may remain asymptomatic throughout his/her life. The psychological aspects of the patient who is extremely disturbed by the presence of this incidental lesion; and, who cannot adjust to the reality that the treating doctor actually does not have a well-defined plan for it, are issues that are adequately addressed with clinical illustrations and examples. This comprehensive reference book will be an ideal source for neuroscientists at all levels, from graduate students to researchers in specific disciplines studying this region, including neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, neuropathologists and psychiatrists, who seek both basic and more advanced information regarding the incidental findings of the nervous system.

The goal of this book is to provide brief-but-comprehensive information that can aid in rapid differential diagnosis and allow for more thorough follow-up if needed. This guide is intended to fit easily into the pocket of a lab coat or on your desk, giving readers an efficient way to find information about a specific disease or disorder to prepare for an upcoming case. The book is divided into two parts: Part 1 involves general psychometric and reference information including score classifications, formulas for score conversion, likelihood chaining, and reliable change, psychometric data for stand-alone and embedded PVTs, and the effects of common medications on cognition. Part 2 of the book is organized alphabetically by disease or disorder to promote quick searching, and each chapter provides straightforward information including definitions, subtypes, etiology, epidemiology, course, diagnostic criteria, expectations for test results, and links to more comprehensive sources. Wheneverpossible, information is gathered through up-to-date literature and high quality pubilcations such as systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Helpful references are provided for more extensive follow-up or further reading.

This book provides a structured and analytical guide to the use of artificial intelligence in medicine. Covering all areas within medicine, the chapters give a systemic review of the history, scientific foundations, present advances, potential trends, and future challenges of artificial intelligence within a healthcare setting. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine aims to give readers the required knowledge to apply artificial intelligence to clinical practice. The book is relevant to medical students, specialist doctors, and researchers whose work will be affected by artificial intelligence.

This book, written by renowned experts from across the world, provides readers with a detailed and up-to-date understanding of posterior circulation stroke and its management. Anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, and imaging findings are clearly and thoroughly described with the aid of illustrative cases and schematic drawings. The management-oriented chapters explain all forms of treatment, including the use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, stenting, and surgical therapy, i.e., bypass and decompression. Throughout, full account is taken of recent significant advances in knowledge and clinical practice. Stroke affecting the posterior circulation continues to pose particular challenges for clinicians. This book will help readers to avoid misdiagnosis, which still occurs far too frequently, and to manage individual patients optimally. It will be an excellent learning resource for residents in neurology, neurosurgery, radiology, interventional radiology, and vascular surgery, as well as an ideal reference for more experienced practitioners in these specialties.

This book aims to present the age-related alterations in redox signaling networks and their diagnostic biomarkers in aging cells using multidisciplinary approach. Establishing sensitive and specific biomarkers of dynamic redox homeostasis is crucially important in the development of effective antiaging and senolytic interventions. Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the understanding of redox signaling events which highlight the process of aging and age-related pathologies. A major challenge in biological aging research is developing reliable biomarkers to determine the consequences of disrupted redox signaling networks long before the clinical diagnosis of age-related diseases is made. Therefore, we have chosen to concentrate on aging-induced aberrant redox signaling networks, their biomarkers, and pathological consequences in this book. Although oxidation is a natural metabolic process, the imbalance in the level of oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress and eventually leads to inflammatory conditions, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Novel redox-sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of aging-induced proteinopathies such as amyloid ß and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, and islet amyloid polypeptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus recently drew the attention of researchers. Inside this textbook, readers will find comprehensive perspectives on the association between redox homeostasis and the aging process both at the molecular and clinical levels. Due to the inherent relationship between impaired metabolic activities and oxidative stress, the temporal interaction between intermediary metabolism and disturbed redox status can lead to greater susceptibility to aging-induced diseases and disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. This knowledge could be a key to continued research toward improving medication regimens such as in cancer and cardiovascular therapies, and procedural outcomes for patients. This book brings together current research evidence and knowledge on redox signaling and biomarkers in aging in chapters written by leading global experts in this rapidly evolving field. We hope that this textbook is of interest to a wide group of researchers, advanced students, scientifically curious non-specialist readers and clinicians alike.

This book presents state of the art knowledge on stroke pathophysiology, covering both basic and clinical aspects in detail. Readers will find up-to-date information on hemodynamics, cerebral vessel degeneration, cell death, and neurorepair. The mechanisms and clinical manifestations of large artery atherosclerosis, small vessel disease, and cardioembolism are extensively discussed, and the relation between specific conditions and stroke is explored. The book has a unique organizational style, with inclusion of historic experimental and clinical study results. The numerous photos and illustrations will facilitate understanding of practical aspects and rapid retrieval of fundamental information. As comprehension of stroke pathophysiology has deepened, a variety of drugs for stroke treatment have been developed and tested, and in recent years much research has focused on neurorestorative therapy using stem cells. It therefore seems timely to bring together within one volume the most important current knowledge on stroke pathophysiology. The book will be invaluable for stroke physicians, surgeons, and students alike.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of PET and SPECT in not only classic neurodegenerative disorders but also cerebrovascular disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy, head trauma, coma, sleeping disorders, and inflammatory and infectious diseases of the CNS. The new edition has been revised and updated to reflect recent advances and includes additional chapters, for example on the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in imaging data analysis, the study of brain connectivity using PET and SPECT images, and the role of PET imaging in modulation of brain functioning by deep brain stimulation. The authors are renowned experts whose dedication to the investigation of neurological disorders through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical neurologist and a nuclear medicine specialist to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be invaluable for neurologists and radiologists/nuclear medicine specialists and will also be informative for interested general practitioners and geriatricians. Companion volumes on PET and SPECT in psychiatry and in neurobiological systems complete a trilogy.

This book discusses recent advances in the field of translational stroke research. The editors have designed the book to provide new insight into the importance of regeneration and repair mechanisms for stroke victims. The editors have brought together a talented group of international stroke researchers and clinicians to contribute to this volume, which is written for students, researchers and physicians in biotechnology, neurosciences, neurology, neuroradiology and neurosurgery.Throughout the world, stroke is still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity; there are 152,000 strokes in the United Kingdom, 62,000 in Canada, and approximately 15 million people worldwide. Large communities of stroke survivors are eagerly awaiting scientific advances in translational stroke research related to regeneration and recovery of function that would offer new therapeutics for rehabilitation and regeneration utilizing novel stem cell and molecular-based approaches. This volume will allow the reader to undersnd the future of stroke treatment from its inception in the laboratory through to clinical trial design. The reader will learn about the recent advances made in these areas related to basic and applied stroke research and their translational potential.Dr. Paul A. Lapchak is Professor of Neurology and Director of Translational Research in the Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles CA, USA. Dr. Lapchak is an internationally recognized expert conducting translational drug development research for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Dr. John H. Zhang is Professor of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Physiology, and Director, Center for Neuroscience Research at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA. Dr. Zhang is an internationally recognized expert working on drug development for hemorrhagic stroke.

Since publication of the first edition in 1994, the second edition in 1999, and the third edition in 2009, many new advances in sleep medicine have been made and warrant a fourth edition. This comprehensive text features 19 additional chapters and covers basic science, technical and laboratory aspects and clinical and therapeutic advances in sleep medicine for beginners and seasoned practitioners. With the discovery of new entities, many new techniques and therapies, and evolving basic science understanding of sleep, Sleep Disorders Medicine, Fourth Edition brings old and new knowledge about sleep medicine together succinctly in one place for a deeper understanding of the topic. Neurologists, internists, family physicians, pediatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists, otolaryngologists, dentists, neurosurgeons, neuroscientists, intensivists, as well as those interested in advancing their knowledge in sleep and its disorders, will find this edition to be an invaluable resource to this bourgeoning field.

This book presents state of the art knowledge on stroke management in a unique organizational style. Ischemic stroke is extensively covered, with inclusion of overviews that dynamically describe all relevant diagnostic and therapeutic processes in a time sequence mirroring real practice. The individual components of management and key issues are fully discussed with the aid of complementary illustrations that facilitate understanding of practical aspects and enable the reader to retrieve fundamental information quickly. In addition, the book considers the various causes of stroke and provides detailed guidance on means of secondary prevention. The recent demonstration of the substantial benefit of intra-arterial thrombectomy using stentrievers in patients with acute ischemic stroke represents a great moment in the history of stroke management. As we embark on a new era, there is an urgent need to review and evaluate current modalities for stroke diagnosis and treatment. In tackling this task, this book will be invaluable for physicians, angiographic interventionists, surgeons, and students seeking to acquire up-to-date knowledge on stroke.

A critical and comprehensive look at current state-of-the-art scientific and translational research being conducted internationally, in academia and industry, to address new ways to provide effective treatment to victims of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and other ischemic diseases. Currently stroke can be successfully treated through the administration of a thrombolytic, but the therapeutic window is short and many patients are not able to receive treatment. Only about 30% of patients are'cured'by available treatments. In 5 sections, the proposed volume will explore historical and novel neuroprotection mechanisms and targets, new and combination therapies, as well as clinical trial design for some of the recent bench-side research.

This ground breaking title presents the many different neurologic syndromes and vastly expanding data in the brain sciences from an evolutionary, or neuro-archeological, perspective, as well as a clinical one. The neuro-archeological perspective offers a more thorough picture of the field – providing hindsight that leads to great insight and foresight. It thus provides the reader with the core foundational aspects of many perplexing neurologic syndromes. Authored by a noted authority in cognitive neurology and including ample tables, diagrams and images, the book covers the full range of behavioral neurological, psychological and neuropsychiatric syndromes, as well as their underlying disease states, relevant neuropsychological tests and contemporary neuroimaging, both structural and functional. The evolutionary approach offers a comprehensive, novel, and completely updated overview of each topic. An invaluable title unlike any other in the field, Cognitive, Conative and Behavioral Neurology: An Evolutionary Perspective is a landmark resource and will be of great interest to neurologists, psychiatrists, neuroscientists, and trainees in all fields.

This book deals with neuroimaging of the brain, head, neck, and spine. During the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this subject, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors, internationally renowned experts in their field, have contributed chapters that are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As a result, this book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in neuroimaging. It is particularly relevant for general radiologists, radiology residents, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and other clinicians wishing to update their knowledge in this discipline.

Thrombolytic therapy is finally starting to reach patients in a variety of settings all over the world. Formerly in the domain of sub-specialists, thrombolytic therapy now rests in the realm of Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care, Vascular, and Neuro hospital Medicine physicians. Increasingly, non-neurologists use thrombolytic therapy. This is a significant advancement since the 2nd edition to Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Stroke published, creating a significant need for a 3rd edition. Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Stroke, 3rd edition will be a practical and thorough reference to all those caring for acute stroke patients. Extensively updated from previous editions, new data and cases will provide guidance to this most effective stroke treatment. This text will be of great interest to physicians, residents and advanced practice nurses who treat acute stroke patients.

The intention of this unique title is to bridge the gap between psychiatry and neuroscience, allowing a fruitful dialogue between both sciences. Recognizing that psychiatry has received important contributions from the basic neurosciences and that the basic neurosciences have received inspiration and objectives from the open problems of psychiatry, Psychiatry and Neuroscience: Bridging the Divide is designed to identify the borders, trends and implications in both fields today. Comprehensive and developed by a renowned group of experts from both fields, the book is divided into four parts: Epistemological Considerations About the Study of Normal and Abnormal Human Behaviors; From Basic Neurosciences to Human Brain; Neurosciences, Learning, Teaching and the Role of Social Environment and Explaining Human Pathological Behaviors: From Brain Disorders to Psychopathology. A unique and invaluable addition to the literature in psychiatry and neuroscience, Psychiatry and Neuroscience: Bridging the Divide offers an important and clearer understanding of the relationship between psychiatry and neuroscience.

All anesthesiologists are confronted with patients who show bleeding disorders,whether congenital, acquired, or pharmacologically induced. Although manystudies, meta-analyses, guidelines, and textbooks have been published on thesubject, they mostly cover specific aspects or require a thorough knowledge ofhemostasis. The goal of this book is to provide the anesthesiologist with an overviewof hemostasis and the mechanisms underlying bleeding and coagulation ingeneral and to assist in the understanding of specific coagulation disorders asthey may occur in the various anesthesia subspecialties. It is hoped that, throughthe provision of practical information and tools, the book will help residents andtrained anesthesiologists to manage one of the most frustrating challenges that theyface: the bleeding patient. A full understanding of coagulation requires a lifelongcareer, and this book is not intended to replace the consulting hematologist,whose expert opinion should always be sought. The available procoagulantblood products and drugs all have potentially dangerous side-effects;furthermore, in bleeding disorders pitfalls are frequent and a misdiagnosis canhave potentially catastrophic consequences. The aim of the editors is thusinstead to enhance the collaboration between the disciplines of Anesthesiology and Hematology.

White matter injury can result from both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as a host of other CNS diseases and conditions such as neonatal injuries, neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injuries, carbon monoxide poisoning, and drug or alcohol overdoses. The extent of white matter injury is extremely important to patient outcomes. Several recent technological developments including advanced neuroimaging and the breeding of new rodent models of white matter injury have provided growing insight into initial damage and repair after a stroke or other damaging event. The proposed book will be the first to provide a systematic expert summary of normal white matter morphology as well as white matter injury following stroke and other CNS injuries.

This updated and refined new edition is the only book to provide a comprehensive approach to the intensive care of neurologically injured patients from the emergency room and ICU through the operating room and post-surgical period. It reviews neuroanatomy, neuroradiology, and neurophysiology, examines the neurological problems most frequently seen in intensive care, and describes the various types of neurosurgery. General issues are discussed, such as cardiac care, fluids and electrolytes, nutrition, and monitoring as well as more specific conditions and complications including elevated intracranial pressure, seizures, and altered mental states.

More than 60 papers written by internationally recognized experts cover the broad spectrum of brain edema. The main topics treated are: ischemia & hemorrhage, trauma (experimental and clinical), cerebral hemorrhage, tumor, hydrocephlaus & intracranial pressure (ICP), neuromonitoring & neuroimaging, treatments, blood brain barrier, and miscellaneous.

The goal of this book is to make a link between fundamental research in the field of cognitive neurosciences, which now benefits from a better knowledge of the neural foundations of cerebral processing, and its clinical application, especially in neurosurgery – itself able to provide new insights into brain organization.The anatomical bases are presented, advances and limitations of the different methods of functional cerebral mapping are discussed, updated models of sensorimotor, visuospatial, language, memory, emotional, and executive functions are explained in detail. In the light of these data, new strategies of surgical management of cerebral lesions are proposed, with an optimization of the benefit–risk ratio of surgery. Finally, perspectives about brain connectivity and plasticity are discussed on the basis of translational studies involving serial functional neuroimaging, intraoperative cortico-subcortical electrical mapping, and biomathematical modeling of interactions between parallel distributed neural networks.

86 short papers originating from the 13th International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring held in July 2007 in San Francisco present experimental as well as clinical research data on invasive and non-invasive intracranial pressure and brain biochemistry monitoring. The papers have undergone a peer-reviewing and are organized in eight sections: brain injury: ICP management and cerebral physiology; hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics; advanced neuromonitoring; biomedical informatics; imaging; ICP: brain compliance, biophysics, and biomechanics; stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hematoma; and experimental studies and models. The papers address the increasing use of decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of brain edema as well after brain injury and the rapidly expanding field of advanced neuromonitoring and neuroimaging.

This volume of proceedings contains in their entirety the reports submitted at the 6th International Congress of Minimally Invasive Surgery and the 3rd World Congress of the Academy for Multidisciplinary Neurotraumatology, held concurrently in Nagoya, Japan, in March 2005, and provides valuable insights into the latest innovations in clinical neurosurgery for practitioners from a broad range of disciplines.