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This book deals with the EM analysis of closed microwave cavities based on a three-dimensional FDTD method. The EM analysis is carried out for (i) rectangular microwave ovens and (ii) hybrid-cylindrical microwave autoclaves at 2.45 GHz. The field distribution is first estimated inside domestic rectangular ovens in xy-, yz-, and zx-plane. Further, the RF leakage from the oven door is determined to study the effect of leakage radiation on wireless communication at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, the EM analysis of the autoclave is carried out based on 3D FDTD using staircase approximation. In order to show the capability of autoclaves (excited with five source) for curing the aerospace components and materials, the field distribution inside autoclave cavity is studied in presence of aerospace samples. The FDTD based modelling of oven and autoclave are explained with the appropriate expressions and illustrations.

Embedded computer systems use both off-the-shelf microprocessors and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to implement specialized system functions. Examples include the electronic systems inside laser printers, cellular phones, microwave ovens, and an automobile anti-lock brake controller. Embedded computing is unique because it is a co-design problem - the hardware engine and application software architecture must be designed simultaneously. Hardware-Software Co-Synthesis of Distributed Embedded Systems proposes new techniques such as fixed-point iterations, phase adjustment, and separation analysis to efficiently estimate tight bounds on the delay required for a set of multi-rate processes preemptively scheduled on a real-time reactive distributed system. Based on the delay bounds, a gradient-search co-synthesis algorithm with new techniques such as sensitivity analysis, priority prediction, and idle- processing elements elimination are developed to select the number and types of processing elements in a distributed engine, and determine the allocation and scheduling of processes to processing elements. New communication modeling is also presented to analyze communication delay under interaction of computation and communication, allocate interprocessor communication links, and schedule communication. Hardware-Software Co-Synthesis of Distributed Embedded Systems is the first book to describe techniques for the design of distributed embedded systems, which have arbitrary hardware and software topologies. The book will be of interest to: academic researchers for personal libraries and advanced-topics courses in co-design as well as industrial designers who are building high-performance, real-time embedded systems with multiple processors.

If one were forced to use a single key word to describe the decade of the 1980's, a very prominent one would be'technology.'Leading the forefront of tech­ nology advancement were breakthroughs in electronics. Devices that were uncommon or unknown in 1980 became commonplace, and almost indispens­ able, by 1989. This trend has continued into the 1990's and it does not seem to be abating in any way. Microwave ovens, video recorders, telephone answer­ ing machines, compact disc players, computers, and a host of smaller or less sophisticated devices now appear in most households. The development of small and inexpensive computers, i. e., personal computers, has placed computing resources within reach of many more people. In addition, many traditional, and largely mechanical devices, have been enhanced by electronics. For example, specialized microprocessors are combined with arrays of electronic sensors to control and monitor sophisticated engineering components in most new auto­ mobiles. In this and many other ways, we are touched by the new electronics in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Initially, personal computers were little more than toys. They contained only a small fraction of the computing power of their immediate ancestors, the mini­ computers and mainframe computers. However, rapid improvements in integ­ rated circuit design and chip manufacture produced regular reductions in size and cost of computer components. During the same time, processor speed and sophistication increased.

The second half of the twentieth century has witnessed remarkable advances in technology. The unquestioned leader in this race has been computer technology. Even the most modest personal computers today have computing power that would have astounded the leading technol­ ogists a few decades earlier, and what's more, similar advances are pre­ dicted for many years to come. Looking towards the future, it has been conservatively estimated that in 2047 computers could easily be 100,000 times more powerful than they were in 1997 (Moore's law [Moore] would lead to an increase on the order of around 10 billion) [Bell]. Because of its enormous capability, computer technology is becoming pervasive across the technology spectrum. Nowadays it is not surpris­ ing to discover that very common household gadgets like your toaster contain computer technology. Televisions, microwave ovens, and even electric shavers contain software. And what's more, the use of computer technology has been estimated to double every two years [Gibbs]. In order to keep up with the growing technology demands and to fully utilize the ever more powerful computing platforms, software projects have become more and more ambitious. This has lead to software systems becoming dominant forces in system functionality. Further­ more, the ambition to realize significant portions of a system's function­ ality through software has extended into the high consequence realm. Presently, software controls many critical functions in (1) airplanes, (2) electronic commerce, (3) space-bound systems, (4) medical systems, and (5) various transportation systems such as automobiles and trains.

Prometheus brought fire to mankind Arthur R. von Hippel “Dielectrics and Waves”, 1954 Our contribution? There are only few areas of research and development of a comparable scientific and technological extension as microwave and high frequency processing. “Pr- essing” means not only application of radiation of 300 MHz to 300 GHz f- quency to synthesis, heating or ionisation of matter but also generation, transm- sion and detection of microwave and radio frequency radiation. Microwave and high frequency sources positioned in the orbit are the foun- tion of modern satellite telecommunication systems, gyrotron tubes being pr- ently developed in different countries all over the world will most probably be the major devices to open up a new era of energy supply to mankind be means of - sion plasma. Although initiated by military purposes during the Second World War (RADAR, Radio Detection and Ranging), microwave and high frequency utilisation has spread over almost every important aspect of normal day life since than, from individual mobile phones and kitchen microwave ovens to industrial food processing, production of composites as sustainable building materials, green chemistry, medical applications and finally infrastructure installations like GPS and Galileo, to name only few examples. These different areas of microwave and high frequency radiation application can not be unified within one group of scientists and technologists. There are s- eral distinguished communities active e.g., in the area of telecommunication s- tems, strong microwaves for fusion plasma or plasma based materials processing.

Embedded systems are ubiquitous. They appear in cell phones, microwave ovens, refrigerators, consumer electronics, cars, and jets. Some of these embedded s- tems are safety- or security-critical such as in medical equipment, nuclear plants, and X-by-wire control systems in naval, ground and aerospace transportation - hicles. With the continuing shift from hardware to software, embedded systems are increasingly dominated by embedded software. Embedded software is complex. Its engineering inherently involves a mul- disciplinary interplay with the physics of the embedding system or environment. Embedded software also comes in ever larger quantity and diversity. The next generation of premium automobiles will carry around one gigabyte of binary code. The proposed US DDX submarine is e?ectively a?oating embedded so- ware system, comprising 30 billion lines of code written in over 100 programming languages. Embedded software is expensive. Cost estimates are quoted at around US$15– 30 per line (from commencement to shipping). In the defense realm, costs can range up to $100, while for highly critical applications, such as the Space Shuttle, the cost per line approximates $1,000. In view of the exponential increase in complexity, the projected costs of future embedded software are staggering.

Between February 17 and 20, 2004, approximately fifty scientists from ten countries came together at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia to participate in a NATO sponsored Advanced Research Workshop whose appellation is re flected in the title of this volume, namely Quasi Optical Control of Intense Microwave Transmission. The fashionable label “quasi optical ” has come into use in recent decades to denote structures whose characteristic dimensions exceed (sometimes by large factors) the free space radiation wavelength. Such structures were and are developed to replace the traditional single eigenmode ones in situations when high frequenc ies (short wavelengths) are combined with high powers, a combination that could otherwise lead to RF breakdown and high Ohmic wall heating rates. Treatments of guided wave propagation in oversized structures is aimed at pr eserving the propagating field coherence and thus to provide efficient transmission of RF power to remote destinations such as antennas, microwave ovens, plasma chemical reactors, nuclear fusion machines, and the like.

This book presents the author's view of how the global semiconductor industry will evolve, based on recent megatrends not only in the industry but also in society, including the rapid proliferation of AI, the global semiconductor shortage, the rising importance of semiconductors in the value chain, and the movement to democratize semiconductors. It describes and explains major transformations taking place in the industry as a result, which necessitate significant changes not only to its technology but also its economic model and industrial structure. Finally, the book elaborates on the author's theory of super-evolution of semiconductors that will lead to the success of the industry in the emerging knowledge-based digital society.

This book gives a complete introduction to cybersecurity and its many subdomains. It's unique by covering both technical and governance aspects of cybersecurity and is easy to read with 150 full color figures. There are also exercises and study cases at the end of each chapter, with additional material on the book's website. The numerous high-profile cyberattacks being reported in the press clearly show that cyberthreats cause serious business risks. For this reason, cybersecurity has become a critical concern for global politics, national security, organizations as well for individual citizens. While cybersecurity has traditionally been a technological discipline, the field has grown so large and complex that proper governance of cybersecurity is needed. The primary audience for this book is advanced level students in computer science focusing on cybersecurity and cyber risk governance. The digital transformation of society also makes cybersecurity relevant in many other disciplines, hence this book is a useful resource for other disciplines, such as law, business management and political science. Additionally, this book is for anyone in the private or public sector, who wants to acquire or update their knowledge about cybersecurity both from a technological and governance perspective.

This textbook provides introductory concepts of the Internet of Things (IoT) in a concise and clear format. It presents in-depth information on the technological transformations and attributes of IoT. It also presents various examples of the applications of IoT in the field of civil engineering, both in laboratories and in the field. Various self-explanatory illustrations, figures, photographs and numerical details are included for a better understanding of concepts. A summary of contents and a list of review questions are provided at the end of each section for self-evaluation of the learnings from each chapter. A dedicated chapter for teachers is also provided which discusses pedagogy and curriculum development for the emerging field of IoT with reference to civil engineering education. The book also suggests methods of utilisation and integration of IoT concepts in education through assignments, tutorials, project works and research topics. This book is a valuable learning resource for undergraduate civil engineering students with limited exposure to computer science and engineering. It also functions as a reference resource for postgraduate students and scholars dealing with the application of IoT in civil engineering.

This book contains selected high-quality reviewed papers that have been accepted and presented at the 19th International Conference of Intelligent Unmanned Systems (ICIUS 2023), which was held in Adelaide, Australia, on 5–7 July 2023. The book is composed of articles that cover the advanced progress in unmanned systems, such as bio-inspired, underwater, aerial, and off-earth systems, as well as their subsystems, including control and navigation, communication, and machine vision systems. The book is suitable for researchers, engineers, graduates, and hobbyists who have interest in intelligent unmanned systems and their advances.

One of the greatest challenges facing food product developers today is that of preserving aroma and flavor stability over time without comprising quality. With Aroma and Flavor in Product Development: Characterization, Perception, and Application, researchers and product innovators will find a thorough elucidation of the dynamic interplay of aroma and flavor in complex formulations across various applications, and of the crucial role of foundational elements in crafting globally appealing products. This guide provides essential insights into perception, formation, and development, enabling developers to enhance food items'organoleptic qualities and thereby provide consumers with an enhanced sensory experience. It is unique in its focus on raw material properties, processing changes, and flavor application tools, offering comprehensive coverage of encapsulation methods, isolation, extraction, and release mechanisms. Employing tools such as gas chromatography and descriptive sensory analysis, the text decodes complex chemical compositions to enable effective communication and replication of desired sensory experiences. Readers will finish this text not only with a strong grasp on the latest insights into aroma and flavor research trends, such as sustainable sourcing and novel extraction methods, but also with a vision for the future of food product development.

This book gives an overview of the latest technologies in the conversion of wastes products to biofuel or chemicals which are more eco-friendly and sustainable as compared to the ordinary petroleum derivatives. It describes a variety of technology such as combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation, which are used in the processing of solid/liquid waste produced by the different residential and industrial sectors into more economically useful by-products. The content of this book resonates with researchers, industrial practitioners, and government policymakers who are looking into developing more sustainable practices in dealing with waste products and looking into waste to energy technologies.

Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) are the key drivers of the economy and development of a country. The economic and social impacts of STI require a deep understanding of the STI ecosystem, which includes the interactions between actors, their technologies, and their business models. This book,'Science, Technology, and Innovation Ecosystems: A National and Global Perspective,'focuses on the STI ecosystem of India in comparison to other innovation-backed global countries. It will include a study of the entire STI ecosystem, focusing on the system interconnectedness required for strengthening it. The building of interconnection within actors of the STI ecosystem is one of the paramount requirements to reinvigorate the STI ecosystem as a whole. The book will also present the crucial role of STI in bringing socio-economic development from a national and international perspective. It addresses the development of viable solutions for a sustainable future and a positive societal transformation with the help of innovative science-based approaches. This book showcases the future of science in terms of emerging frontier and strategic technologies, giving us a snapshot of future STI efforts worldwide. Emphasis is given to the policy directives and program interventions backed by evidence to revamp the STI system by addressing the societal and economic needs of the country. The book will strategically bring the concept of the relevance of the Intellectual Property (IP) ecosystem in building the country's innovation capacity along with specific pieces of evidence on how the IP system should be roped in to bring higher innovation efficiency. An insight is provided to chart out the pathway for creating a knowledge-based economy focusing on knowledge production to knowledge consumption through knowledge diffusion.

This book introduces a'triple-bottom-line'approach to the concept and practice of family business sustainability. It is geared towards a broad audience covering social, economic, and environmental issues, to focus on implementation of sustainable practices. Having this in mind, this book provides possible ways of successfully managing family businesses in a sustainable manner, which should also lead to long-term business longevity. The social perspectives addressed by this book discuss the social responsibility of the family business, using a two-way approach contributing to the development of society. The economic outlook is introduced by aiming at a sustainable competitive advantage with an economic impact, and how a family business should adapt to changes and be proactive to gain economic sustainability. The environmental dimension is focused on actions against global warming and global agreements aimed at businesses to change their policies to prioritize the environment as part of their strategy. This book thus explores possibilities for family firms to add values along all chains in business activities and to contribute to introducing green environment products, or environmentally safe products. Each part of the book represents an important pillar of the family business unit that helps the firm to achieve and sustain its competitive advantage using the triple-bottom-line approach. Besides the objectives and the content, each chapter provides one short story applicable to a chapter's content and a case study for each chapter or topic. As learning tools besides case studies, the book provides key summaries, terminology, group assignments, and projects.

This book focuses on the sustainable security practices in the domain of blockchain, quantum, and post-quantum technologies dealing with the real-time applications. The topics discussed in this book include banking applications, protection of digital assets in healthcare, military defense applications, supply chain management, secure messaging, and keyless secure infrastructures.Blockchains and quantum technologies are the emerging technological developments both in academic and industrial domains. The problems related to quantum threat and execution of post-quantum signatures in a blockchain platform have become hot topics in today's scientific community because they have remarkably progressed in recent years and have found a variety of applications.This book is a valuable resource for academicians, researchers, students, and technicians in the field of blockchain and quantum computing.

This textbook is designed for a one-semester course on Food Engineering, and it offers a concise, in-depth and integrated introduction to the fundamental engineering and physicochemical principles and practices of utility in food processing and manufacturing operations. The textbook includes topics mandated by the Institute of Food Technologists for accreditation of Food Science curricula and helps prepare the students better for taking advance courses related to unit operations in food manufacturing. It is also relevant for Food Process Engineering courses, containing materials that most instructors can cover in three semester hours of instruction. In the first three chapters, readers will find an overview of the basic knowledge of physics and chemistry and an introduction to the engineering language needed to eliminate confusion going forward. In the following chapters, the author covers the main concepts of food thermodynamics, heat transfer–radiation in foodmaterials, mass transfer and fluid dynamics in food, along with real-life examples and exercises to help students relate better to the topics. The author also gives a brief introduction to the main mathematical and analytical concepts required in food engineering.This textbook equips readers to understand a diversity of food engineering related topics and each chapter is enriched with practical examples and Check Your Understanding sections, as well as several problems. The textbook is aimed at undergraduate food science students in their first required introductory food engineering course, but practitioners involved in designing, optimizing, and managing the processing of food products will also find it a useful account.

This book includes peer-reviewed high-quality articles presented at the 6th International Conference on Communications and Cyber-Physical Engineering (ICCCE 2023), held on April 28 and 29, 2023, at CMR Engineering College, Hyderabad, India. ICCCE is one of the most prestigious conferences conceptualized in the field of networking and communication technology offering in-depth information on the latest developments in voice, data, image, and multimedia. Discussing the latest developments in voice and data communication engineering, cyber-physical systems, network science, communication software, image, and multimedia processing research and applications, as well as communication technologies and other related technologies, it includes contributions from both academia and industry. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, research scholars, and PG students working to formulate their research ideas and find the future directions in these areas. Further, it serves asa reference work to understand the latest engineering and technologies used by practicing engineers in the field of communication engineering.

This book offers a comprehensive description of the issues at the boundary between the use of nuclear power and society. Highlighting critical social topics such as economic liberalization, risk communication, radioactive waste, accountability, and non-proliferation, it provides an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted relationship between nuclear technology and societal impacts. The book covers a wide range of topics including the intersection of nuclear technology with economics, engineering, environmental studies, and law. Readers delve into the lessons learned from the TEPCO Fukushima accident, understand the complexities of risk communication, and explore the legal frameworks governing nuclear energy use. The highlighted issues at the interface between nuclear power utilization and society are meticulously organized, referring to historical information and insights from European and American government agencies and international organizations. This book is an essential read for graduate students, researchers, professors, engineers, government officials, and anyone interested in the social issues surrounding nuclear utilization. Written by an experienced professional who served as chairman of the Japan Atomic Energy Commission, it combines expert analysis with an engaging style to make complex topics accessible to a broad audience. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This book highlights stories of the most important 13 ground-based observatories and 14 space probes in human history, leading readers through each significant step of human's astronomical observation journey. From the earliest Hooker Telescope and the Mount Wilson Observatory, to the latest FAST, JWST and DAMPE, the targets of observation range from large systems such as the solar system, the milky way, and the universe, to individual planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and the remote stars, and to the matters that reveal the origin of the universe, such as dark matter and cosmic background radiation. The book presents the mysteries of the sky in an easily readable manner suitable for audiences of all ages who are curious about the universe and thirsty to know all the important discoveries in the past century, especially the last decade. With carefully-selected contents, the book weaves together a series of tales to make the convoluted history of astronomical observation full offun and excitement, ensuring that readers never lose interest during reading.

This book discusses the roles of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) in smart health care, including the integration of cloud computing with IoT and ML for managing healthcare data. It presents the fundamentals and many applications of IoT and ML in different areas of smart health care. It deliberates upon security and privacy issues, including trust concerns about smart healthcare systems based on IoT and ML algorithms. This book is concluded by discussing challenges and future work directions in smart health care using IoT and ML, and it serves as a reference resource for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry.

The application of microwaves has been a major advancement in food processing over the past 50 years, and yet to date there have been very few publications focusing exclusively on microwave processing and none covering the latest technological and theoretical advances. Microwave Processing of Foods: Challenges, Advances and Prospects fills this gap by covering all aspects of the microwave processing of foods including the latest novel advances in this fast-moving subject area. This text presents multidisciplinary views of novel microwave systems, novel process modeling, engineering and design, as well as practical approaches on methodology and findings regarding the effect of microwave on the food quality and process safety. The volume comprises several chapters on the newest processing and machinery aspects, engineering design and process modeling, process safety and novel processes based on full or partial application of microwave in food processing. This book also considers economic aspects, food quality issues and future trends of microwave application in the food industry. Each chapter in this text functions as a critical review, presenting the current state of knowledge based on the personal experience of the authors and the current state of published research in one particular area of food processing. While the main focus is on processing, the physical principles and the chemical and microbiological basis of the process are also covered, plus the impact of the technology on the quality and safety of food. This book presents a comprehensive and fully up-to-date reference on the principles and applications of microwave processing of food products.

Infertility is an important health problem affecting around 15% of couples worldwide, with profound psycho-social consequences and impairment of patients'quality of life. It has been shown that the male factor is solely and partially implicated in 20-50% of the cases of infertility. Male infertility is a complex issue that can be related to a variety of congenital or acquired factors that lead to a decline in the quantity and/or the quality of semen. Over the recent years, there have been major advances in basic understanding of the factors that regulate male fertility, the diagnostic tests for assessment of male fertility potential, and the therapeutic options for the management of male subfertility/infertility. However, despite advances in technologies and diagnostic methods in the field of andrology, there remains a significant subset of these subfertile men who are classified as having unexplained or idiopathic male infertility. In addition, there are ongoing debates and controversies on the clinical management of infertile men under certain conditions like varicocele, genital tract inflammation/infection or non-obstructive azoospermia. This book discusses advances in cellular, molecular, and genetic aspects of spermatogenesis and sperm evaluation in the context of clinical scenarios. It also addresses clinical dilemmas and controversies through a discussion of the basic science underlying these conditions. The authors form an impressive international collaboration to provide a unique perspective that specializes in all key areas of andrology. Current and Future Advances in Male Infertility provides insights into strategies to reduce the burden of male gonadotoxins, to enhance men's fecundity and to help optimize the care of infertile men. It aims to bridge the gap between researchers and clinicians by integrating basic science and clinical application.

This four-volume set constitutes the post-conference proceedings of the 7th EAI International Conference on Advanced Hybrid Information Processing, ADHIP 2023, held in Harbin, China, during September 22-24, 2023. The 108 full papers presented were selected from 270 submissions and focus on theory and application of hybrid information processing technology for smarter and more effective research and application. The theme of ADHIP 2022 was Hybrid Information Processing in Meta World. The papers are named in topical sections as follows: wireless communication for social information processing, artificial intelligence technology; Mobile education, mobile monitoring, behavior understanding and object tracking; wireless networks for social information processing, image information processing; mobile monitoring, civilian audio and acoustic signal processing.

This book evaluates the contributions of the electronic control unit software of an electric vehicle on sustainability and society, such as the reduction of emissions during a product design and the improvements in the vehicle. A sustainable transport model is proposed, demonstrating its economic viability. By validating software in a more efficient way and adding new functionalities to the software to enhance driving efficiency, energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Therefore, software validation and development have a significant impact on sustainability. This book offers innovative validation solutions based on artificial intelligence techniques to reduce validation time and emissions. The impact of driving efficiency on sustainable transport models is studied in detail, making proposals to be considered in the current environmental policies under discussion within the European Union in order to improve the sustainability of transport models. Vehicles are becoming sophisticated electronic systems due to the fact that they are integrating a significant number of electronic control units. This trend will certainly continue in the year to come. Consequently, software validation techniques are a key element for car manufacturers in order to ensure the quality of the vehicle. This book contributes to these efforts.

This book explains ‘what goes on in a manufacturing company as a product goes through its lifecycle'. It describes more than 70 product-related activities that take place during the product lifecycle phases of ideation, development, production, service, and recycling. The various documents, data, working methods, and computer programs used in each activity are outlined. The book tells the story of a project carried out by a Master's degree student in a manufacturing company to find out for the CEO exactly what happens with products across their lifecycle. Due to the storytelling approach of the book, the reader will learn, as if they are present in the company, about the activities that take place along the product lifecycle. They will see how the company is organized, what data and documents are created and used in each activity, and which applications are being used. They will see, from the interviews carried out by the student, what people are doing, the difficulties they face, and the improvement opportunities they see. This will give them a good understanding of the various activities that take place, and provide a basis for improving performance and implementing new processes and applications.

This book provides a critical account, a state-of-the-art review, as well as novel research methods of information technology development and the corresponding changes of socio-economic spatial organization in China.With the rapid development of the Internet over the past three decades, the development of information technology and its impact on social economy have become an important frontier issue of human and economic geography. Actually, the influence of information technology is complex and dynamic, involving almost all aspects of socio-economic activities and our daily life. It is also influencing the methods and disciplines that we use to understand it. In general, industrial development and regional management and innovation are the core contents of socio-economic spatial organization. Therefore, changes in industrial clusters, transportation logistics, regional development and innovation, urban planning and management, and rural development under the background of the information age were analysed to understand the relationship among information revolution, socio-economic spatial organization, and human and economic geography.Primarily intended for scholars and graduate students across a range of disciplines, such as geography, urban-rural planning, information science, urban science, economics and sociology, and people engaged in regional planning, urban management and information management, this book proves to be an innovative and up-to-date resource.

This book explores the critical role of wireless consensus protocols in modern wireless networks. Building upon over two decades of research, it offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental principles, historical evolution, and unique challenges associated with wireless consensus. Beyond the theoretical underpinnings, the book delves into practical solutions for ensuring fault tolerance and resilience against malicious attacks, introducing cutting-edge techniques like fault-tolerant wireless consensus and Byzantine fault-tolerant wireless consensus. Recognizing the transformative potential of blockchain technology, the book also explores its integration with wireless networks, highlighting the emergence of wireless blockchain. Through in-depth analysis, real-world case studies, and forward-thinking insights, this book empowers readers to understand, design, and implement robust wireless consensus systems. Overall, wireless consensus protocols are essential for enabling reliable decision-making and coordination in wireless networks, particularly in challenging environments with unreliable communication and no central authority. These protocols empower devices to reach agreement on a common state or course of action, ensuring network consistency and security. Additionally, efficient consensus algorithms are crucial for resource-constrained wireless settings, optimizing bandwidth and energy usage to facilitate scalability and broad adoption. With applications spanning IoT, mobile computing, and distributed robotics, wireless consensus underpins critical operations like coordination and data fusion. This book serves as a valuable resource for both academics and industry professionals. Advanced-level computer science students will find it a suitable supplementary text, while researchers and practitioners seeking a deep understanding of wireless consensus protocols will benefit from its comprehensive coverage. By blending theoretical foundations with practical applications in contemporary wireless networks, this book offers a robust guide for navigating the complexities of the field.

This book includes high-quality papers presented at Third International Conference on Computational Electronics for Wireless Communications (ICCWC 2023), held at Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, India, during October 20–21, 2023. The book presents original research work of academics and industry professionals to exchange their knowledge of the state-of-the-art research and development in computational electronics with an emphasis on wireless communications. The topics covered in the book are radio frequency and microwave, signal processing, microelectronics, and wireless networks.

The book provides a conceptual framework and roadmap for applications and research trends in Smart Computing Techniques in Industrial IoT. This volume aims to provide information on emerging fields of intelligent computing techniques with a particular emphasis on industrial IoT development and applications of artificial intelligence, deep learning techniques, computational intelligence methods, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), optimization techniques, blockchain, and cloud computing. It will be a useful guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying artificial intelligence, deep learning, industry 4.0, industry 5.0, smart cities, machine learning, deep learning computational intelligence, and edge/cloud computing.

This book traces the intertwining story of electricity and neuroscience from ancient times to the late 20th century. Throughout the book, basic concepts of electricity, electromagnetism, and neuroscience are addressed and illustrated. It is replete with remarkable discoveries and colorful characters that dramatically changed human culture. Electricity and neuroscience are topics that have fascinated science historians for centuries. Yet, it has only been over the past several decades that medical science historians have appreciated the close interrelationship of these two topics. Robert Baloh uses a historical context of discovery to provide an ideal framework for understanding modern concepts of electricity and neuroscience. The stories of these pioneering researchers can be inspirational for those beginning a career in neuroscience as well as for more experienced researchers.

As public awareness of social and environmental issues grew, more consumers began to support firms committed to developing and operating environmentally sustainable and socially responsible supply chains. Consumers, investors, and regulators began demanding transparency and accountability, pushing companies to address the environmental footprint of their products and operations. The book addresses essential questions, such as how a firm shifts its focus from being profit-focused to being triple-bottom-line driven and how a firm develops its supply chain with a conscience. Written by practice leaders and leading scholars, it sheds light on different paths a firm can take to embrace its role as a sustainability champion, paving the way for a future where profit and the planet coexist. The book is intended as a tribute to Professor Hau Lee's seminal contributions, elevating the triple bottom line to the forefront of the Operations Management (OM) research agenda. It stimulates practitioners and researchers to engage in deeper and broader discussions about ways to strike a better balance among profit, people, and the planet.

The notes that Ludger Kühnhardt wrote in 235 countries and territories around the world create a fascinating panorama, reflected in the personal impressions, encounters and experiences of a political scientist and journalist working all over the world. The book reconstructs the connections between Europe's transformations and the emerging global era over six decades from 1960 to the threshold of the post-Corona world of 2020.

This book commemorates five decades of research by Professor Magdy F. Iskander (Life Fellow IEEE) on materials and devices for the radiation, propagation, scattering, and applications of electromagnetic waves, chiefly in the MHz-THz frequency range as well on electromagnetics education. This synopsis of electromagnetics, stemming from the life and times of just one person, is meant to inspire junior researchers and reinvigorate mid-level researchers in the electromagnetics community. The authors of this book are internationally known researchers, including 12 IEEE fellows, who highlight interesting research and new directions in theoretical, experimental, and applied electromagnetics.Provides a single-source reference to many of the most significant developments of the past 5 decades in theoretical, experimental, and applied electromagnetics;Offers readers in each sub-discipline discussed current research trends, the state of the art, the chief toolsneeded in that area, and the vision of a research leader for that area;Includes content of particular interest in Antennas and Propagation, as well as Microwave Theory and Techniques.

This book contains a collection of papers focused on hybrid intelligent systems based on soft computing techniques. In this book, new directions on the theoretical developments of fuzzy logic, neural networks and optimization algorithms, as well as their hybrid combinations, are offered. In addition, the abovementioned methods are discussed in application areas such as control and robotics, pattern recognition, medical diagnosis, decision-making, prediction and optimization of complex problems. There are a group of papers with the main theme of type-1, type-2 and type-3 fuzzy logic, which basically consists of papers that propose new concepts and algorithms based on type-1, type-2 and type-3 fuzzy logic and their applications. There is also a set of papers that offer theoretical concepts and applications of meta-heuristics in different areas. Another group of papers outlines diverse applications of hybrid intelligent systems in real problems. There are also some papers that presenttheory and practice of neural networks in different applications. Finally, there are papers that offer theory and practice of optimization and evolutionary algorithms in different application areas

This book describes and explains the world of particle accelerators and the physics they study. The presentation is non-technical (E=mc2 is the only equation!) and the prose accessible. By following the co-evolution of particle accelerators and particle physics, readers will learn why the accelerators are built, how they work, and what'results'they produce. The book highlights the great ideas (e.g. synchrotron) and technological advances (superconducting magnets) that boosted the potential of accelerators and led to new discoveries, eventually resulting in the standard model of particle physics. Many concepts are illustrated with figures derived from three-dimensional models; these include theaccelerators, detectors, and particles. Background information about the main protagonists, along with pointers to further reading, e.g. from'Scientific American,'are provided in endnotes.

Large-scale chemical fertilizer application causes irreparable damage to soil structure, mineral cycles, soil microbial flora, plants, and other food chains across ecosystems, culminating in heritable mutations in future generations of consumers. A better way forward is the use of nanofertilizers to focus on macro elements (N, P, K), as switching to nanofertilizers may result in large environmental benefits by replacing the majority of these nutrients. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of nanomaterials using bacteria, algae, yeast, fungus, actinomycetes, and plants has opened up a new avenue of research in the production of inorganic nanoparticles as ecologically friendly fertilizers. Nanofertilizers should also attain increased efficiency because of a several-fold increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of nano-forms of nutrients and their suitability for foliar application, where environmental losses are further reduced. Nanostructured fertilizers can also improve nutrient useefficiency through strategies such as targeted distribution and progressive or controlled-release as they can precisely release their active molecules in response to environmental cues and biological demands. Recent research shows nanofertilizers can increase agricultural productivity by speeding up seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic activity, nitrogen metabolism, and carbohydrate and protein synthesis. The potential agricultural benefits of nanofertilizers, their modes of action, and the fate of nanomaterials in soil are all discussed in this book. It also covers nanofertilizer formulation and delivery, applications, uptake, translocation, and their fate in plants, as well as their impact on plant physiology and metabolism. Nutrient nanoformulation is a valuable method that has the potential to alter the agricultural sector and provide solutions to current and future concerns for sustainable and climate-sensitive crops

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International and First International Workshop on Human Activity Recognition and Anomaly Detection, Conjunction with IJCAI 2024, held in Jeju, South Korea, during August 3–9, 2024. The 9 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Anomaly Detection with Foundation Models and Deep Learning for Human Activity Recognition.

This book provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the latest technology and industry application cases of 5GtoB. It focuses on the application and solutions of 5G in steel, ports, coal, manufacturing, electricity, police, railway, education and medical industries. With rich cases, novel content, simple language and strong practicality, it can be used as teaching materials for colleges and universities, as well as reference books for R&D and practitioners involved in 5G network applications in the fields of network communications, computer science, software engineering and electrical engineering.

Taking the new structural economics as the theoretical tools, this book obtains the maximum understanding of the history, development, current situation, and trend of the change of world economic structure, as well as China's role in its development and its underlying laws and policies, analyzes the polarization between the rich and poor for countries worldwide, and provides a way for them to achieve common prosperity. The world is going through a new round of major transformation. Profound adjustment has been made in international economy, science, culture, security, and politics, and the international development environment is undergoing profound changes. In this context, this book profoundly and systematically explains the underlying economic transition logic of world development and the general trend of China's relationship with the world and presents the entire process of world economic development. Readers who pay close attention to the development of the world economy, China's economic development, and China's role in the world economy will find this book very fascinating.

Functional food technology aims to boost consumer well-being by providing health benefits beyond that of fundamental nutrition. Meat and meat products have numerous disease-preventing and health-promoting benefits. However, the meat industry has faced many new challenges since the World Health Organization (WHO) studies suggesting that small increases in the risk of several cancers may be associated with high consumption of processed meat. In addition, consumers often associate meat with a negative health image. This negative image of meat is mainly due to fat content such as saturated fatty acids and cholesterol and process induced toxicants like N-nitroso compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the alliance of these with chronic diseases. In this context, the functional food concept applied to meat processing has gained importance, especially by reduction/replacement of fat, sodium, nitrites, reduction of process induced toxicants and addition of beneficial components such as probiotics and bioactive compounds. Hand Book of Processed Functional Meat Products provides meat industry professionals with a step-by-step guide to post-mortem muscle chemistry, functional and cultured meat products-design and development, bioactive compounds, reduction of carcinogenic compounds, application of enzymes and nanotechnology, innovation in sensory assessment, authentication and marketing, 3D printing in the development of meat based products and regulatory and consumer challenges in functional meat products. This book differs from other publications on functional meat product processing in that it offers comprehensive coverage and in-depth discussion of the most recent scientific and technological applications in functional meat products. Many meat science and technology books available on the market describe meat chemistry, properties and basic science with only a rudimentary understanding of meat processing, functional meat products development and applications. Therefore, this work will be helpful for food industry professionals, policy makers, researchers, students, teachers and nutritionists and dieticians for a complete and up-to-date overview of functional meats processing and quality evaluation.

This book illustrates past and recent advances in radiation-based technologies for their application in waste biomass valorization. The radiation technologies are useful for biomass pretreatment for overcoming biomass recalcitrance or direct conversion of biomass into bio-oil or high-value products. The book demonstrates the technological aspects of several radiation-based technologies such as microwave, ultrasound, gamma, x-ray, laser, and electric field. These highly advanced cutting-edge technologies are a sustainable approach and serve the dual purpose of value addition and waste remediation. These technologies are in different stages of their development and attempts have been made to move them to large-scale applications; thus, this book focuses on the different developmental stages of each technology along with futuristic suggestions and inputs. The book not only attempts to cover technical aspects such as the design and functioning of the equipment but also covers the current industrial prospect of each technology. It addresses the bottlenecks that are challenging its growth and movement to large-scale applications and introduces the cost, market cover, and government policies for the implementation of technologies in the industries. Finally, it provides future perspectives and opportunities in irradiation-based technologies for sustainable growth of future waste biomass-based biorefinery. This book provides interdisciplinary viewpoints from multiple sciences and is helpful and valuable to a wide readership in the various fields of mechanical and chemical engineering, biophysics, bioprocessing, high-value product generation, and biorefinery.