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This clinical guide, now in an extensively revised second edition, describes the latest developments in planning, materials, and techniques for successful fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs). The fabrication of conventional and digital RPDs are demonstrated in a simple and easy-to-understand format, with the aid of numerous color figures and video clips with scientific support on each page. Care has been taken to provide reliable guidance on all aspects of clinical practice relating to RPDs. Readers will find information on decision-making regarding treatment options, clasp-retained RPDs and esthetic solutions, attachments and double crown systems in RPDs, implant-assisted RPDs, maintenance and post-insertion problems for all types of RPDs, the role of RPDs in the management of temporomandibular disorders and the treatment of maxillofacial defects, the re-establishment of occlusal vertical dimension and maximal intercuspation, the rules for disinfection in prosthodontic practice.

Text This book equips dental care providers with a thorough understanding of the Periodontic-Endodontic Interface. It discusses embryonic development of the tooth, oral health and pathology, as well as the diagnosis and management of periodontal disease and endodontic disease, occurring both separately and together. Evidence-based information is given on Periodontal and Endodontic pathogens, lesions and infections with various forms of manifestation. The clear and easy-to-read text is complemented by numerous high-quality photographs and tables that assist understanding and helps with the identification of management solutions. The book is valuable resource for all dental practitioners with an interest in endodontics, periodontics, restorative dentistry, and for higher-level students. USPs Discusses periodontal and endodontic disease, occurring both separately and together Includes clinical cases to illustrate practical tips Gives evidence-based information on lesions, infections and oral health SEO MetaData This book equips dental care providers with a thorough understanding of the Periodontic-Endodontic Interface

This comprehensive atlas illustrates the important relationship between periodontal and systemic health and disease with a wealth of superb illustrations. The periodontium as a part of the oral tissues is of great interest to dentists and its importance extends beyond local disorders to a wide range of conditions that may affect periodontal health. The atlas covers both local and systemic disorders including inflammatory diseases, developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, cancer and a vast number of other diseases, that may present with gingival or periodontal lesions. Now in its 2nd edition, Periodontal Manifestations of Local and Systemic Diseases helps periodontists, oral medicine specialists, general dentists, and dental students to diagnose and manage patients with complex medical problems. The book is unique because no other books specifically focused on the periodontal manifestations of oral and systemic diseases have been availablein this form. Nineteen years after the first edition the book has been almost entirely rewritten, expanded and updated. Over 50% of the pictorial material has been renewed and enriched with high quality color images. The book is written by a team of experienced experts and will be a valuable resource for the community.

This book focuses on the evolution, biogeography, systematics, taxonomy, and ecology of New World and Australasian marsupials, greatly expanding the current knowledge base. There are roughly 140 species of New World marsupials, of which the opossum is the best known. Thanks to recent research, there is now an increasing amount of understanding about their evolution, biogeography, systematics, ecology, and conservation in the Americas, especially in South America. There are also some 270 marsupial species in the Australasian region, many of which have been subject to research only in recent years. Based on this information and the authors'extensive research, this book provides comprehensive insights into the world's marsupials. It will appeal to academics and specialized researchers, students of zoology, paleontology, evolutionary biology, ecology, physiology and conservation as well as interested non-experts.

This book, now in an extensively revised second edition, is designed to provide the reader with a full understanding of the role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in helping to solve many of the most challenging problems in endodontics. It will shorten the learning curve in application of this exciting imaging technology in a variety of contexts: difficult diagnostic cases, treatment planning, evaluation of internal tooth anatomy prior to root canal therapy, nonsurgical and surgical treatments, early detection and treatment of resorptive defects, and outcomes assessment. The ability to obtain an accurate 3D representation of a tooth and the surrounding structures by means of noninvasive CBCT imaging is changing the approach to clinical decision making in endodontics. Clinicians long accustomed to working in very small, three-dimensional spaces are no longer constrained by the limitations of two-dimensional imaging. The challenges of mastering the new technology can, however, be daunting. The detailed guidance contained in this book will help endodontists to take full advantage of the important benefits offered by CBCT.

This book covers the application of emerging technologies, occurring after the 4th industrial revolution, in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and introduces a new era of personalized medicine in this discipline. It describes the manufacturing and data acquisition methods, in detail, including the advantages and disadvantages of each process. The workflow of using the emerging technologies in reconstructive treatments, orthognathic surgery, implant dentistry, robotic surgery and bio‑fabrication have been covered in separate chapters.Several related cases in conjunction with the workflow are presented and discussed as clinical examples of each, for practical discussion of the workflow and process trajectory. Each chapters provides introduction, definition, application and plausible pitfalls of employing these technologies in specific areas. Given the multiple materials and techniques, the logic behind selection of each in different fields of practice and thorough explanation of process provides surgeons with a background on how and why a certain approach is employed, and if application of emerging technologies would outdo traditional treatment processes. The importance of fabricating living tissues is discussed as one of the most recent progresses in the field. The bench-to-bedside transition, their clinical application, and their remarkable positive impact on oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures are covered. This book is arranged for oral and maxillofacial, and plastic surgeons and in-training-fellows in associated fields.

This handbook showcases an Africa-wide compendium of Stone Age archaeological sites and methodological advances that have improved our understanding of hominin lifeways and biogeography in the continent. The focal time spans the Pleistocene Epoch (c. 2.5 million–11,700 years ago) during which important human traits, such as obligate bipedalism that freed the hands to engage in creative activities, a large brain relative to body size, language, and social complexity, developed in the general forms that they are found today. The handbook is the first of its kind, and it is expected to play a significant role in human evolutionary research by:❖ Collating the African Stone Age record, which exists in a fragmented state along the lines of national boundaries and colonial experiences.❖ Showcasing emerging conceptual and methodological advances in African Pleistocene archaeology.❖ Providing reference datasets for teaching and researching African prehistory.❖ Making Africa's Stone Age record accessible to researchers and students based in Africa who may not have access to journal publications where most new field discoveries are published.The Handbook features 128 chapters, of which 116 are site entries grouped by the host countries and presented in an alphabetical order. A number of those site-related entries examine multiple archaeological localities lumped under specific projects or study areas. The rest of the contributions deal with methodological topics, such as luminescence and radiocarbon dating, field data recovery, lithic analysis, micromorphology, and hominin fossil and zooarchaeological records of Pleistocene Africa. The introductory chapter provides an historical overview of the development of Stone Age (Paleolithic) archaeology in Africa beginning in the mid-19th century, and paleoenvironmental and chronological frameworks commonly used to structure the continent's Pleistocene record. By making a good amount of AfricanStone Age literature accessible to researchers and the public, we wish to promote interest in human evolutionary research in the continent and elsewhere.

Periodontitis is a disease that affects more than half the adult population in the world. Treatment is often based on ancient recommendations consisting in mechanically removing material from damaged zones. However, novel therapeutic management strategies exist, from prevention to efficient treatment, and regeneration. The need of integrative approaches to circumvent this worldwide pledge can be achieved through: A better understanding of this complex disease by promoting scientific research and a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, including epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, physiology, therapeutics, psychology, etc. A better outreach by promoting vulgarization and recommendations for health professionals.A better information of the empowered patients, leading them to consider prevention and to take part in their therapeutic course. The book “Periodontitis: Advances in Experimental Research” includes atimely collection of chapters covering all the fields of research about periodontitis, consisting in concise reviews by the best specialists themselves and with clinical perspectives for periodontitis. Recent technological advances have allowed to explore shadowed areas of periodontology. The book “Periodontitis: Advances in Experimental Research” is a unique occasion to set a milestone for a more integrated field of periodontitis, with a broad scientific, medical, and public audience thanks to dedicated sections in each chapter: Abstract and main body (scientific audience and expert clinicians)Highlights (scientific audience and clinicians)Impact for Practice (clinicians and economical/political decision makers)Summary for Patients (patients and economical/political decision makers)

This 2-volume set provides a state-of-the-art study of the fossil record and taxonomy of the main vertebrate groups from Greece. Greece stands between 3 continents and its vertebrate fossil record is of great importance for paleontological and evolutionary studies in Europe, Asia and Africa. Fossils from classic, world-famous localities (e.g., Pikermi, Samos) form an essential part of the collections of the most important museums in the world and have been studied by numerous scientists. Recent paleontological research led to the discovery and study of numerous new sites. The volumes contain a taxonomic review of all named and identified taxa, their taxonomic history and current status, as well as historical, phylogenetic and biogeographic information. Volume 2 contains a synopsis of the fossil record and taxonomy of important groups of mammals represented in the fossil record of Greece. The volume starts with specific chapters on laurasiatherians like insectivores and bats, moving on to the main part of the book that deals with three of the most important fossil groups in the country. The fossil record of even-toed animals is summarized with chapters on bovids, cervids, suoids, anthracotheres, hippos, giraffes, and tragulids. The fossil record of odd-toed animals is presented with special chapters on horses, tapirs, rhinos, and chalicotheres. The last part of this volume deals with meat-eating, carnivoran groups, like felids, viverrids, hyaenas, canids, bears, ailurids, mephitids and mustelids. The volume ends with a special chapter on insular endemic mammals from the various islands of Greece.

This book offers readers details in application of high-frequency ultrasound in dermatology, a new method playing increasingly important roles in diagnosis of skin diseases. At first, chapters introduce anatomy and ultrasound features of normal skin. Then terminology, image quality, and artifact of dermatologic ultrasound are presented. After that, ultrasound features of benign and malignant skin tumors, inflammation, autoimmune disease, and traumas are described with diagnostic tips for specific disease. It will be a valuable reference book not only for dermatologist and radiologist, but also for plastic surgeon and cosmetologist.

This book is the first evidence-based evaluation of the present limitations and controversies in clear aligner therapy. It discusses problems in software, mechanotherapy, attachment optimization, interceptive treatment, the mandibular advancement appliance, complex movements, interproximal reduction, extraction therapy, deep bite/open bite correction, finishing, and overcorrection. Unlike current available texts on clear aligner therapy, this book features a nonpartisan, critical analysis of the problems of the technique and demonstrates their clinical implications. Unique solutions to the current limitations of clear aligner therapy are presented, and systematic strategies and protocols for addressing a vast range and complexity of malocclusions commonly confronted by practitioners are introduced. The book helps orthodontists, dentists, dental students, dental educators, technicians, and bioengineers to investigate prevailing misconceptions, and to address significant controversiesand dilemmas in clear aligner therapy.

This edited volume provides the historical and geological background, as well as the details pertaining to the morphology and morphometric assessments, of a singular human cranial specimen from the Late Pleistocene discovered in Hofmeyr, South Africa. The chapters are divided into 4 main sections. Section 1 discusses the discovery and historical context of the skull, while section 2 addresses its geological and geochronological contexts through dating and stable isotope analyses. Section 3 details the general morphological and morphometric analyses (description, 3-D reconstruction, morphological comparisons), and section 4 details the specific morphological analyses performed (inner ear, dentition, endocranial morphology and size). The volume will be of interest to professional and student paleoanthropologists interested in the later phases of human evolution.

This monograph presents the results of over 10 years of paleontological and geological survey in the Baynunah Formation of the United Arab Emirates. Exposed widely in western Abu Dhabi Emirate, the Baynunah Formation and its fossils provide the only record of terrestrial environments and evolution in the Arabian Peninsula during the late Miocene epoch (12-5 Ma). This volume describes new fossils collected since 2002, presented systematically by taxon, and including mammals, reptiles, and invertebrates, as well as fossil trackways. The discoveries are framed within the results of new geological, geochemical, and geochrononological analyses, providing an updated and synthetic view of the age, environments, and biogeographic relationships of this important fossil assemblage.

This book provides clinicians with up-to-date, scientifically based guidance on the most important stages of endodontic treatment, i.e., cleaning and shaping of the root canal space, including mechanical preparation and chemical disinfection. Five internationally recognized experts present and discuss recent developments and new perspectives in the field. Important advances in root canal preparation and irrigation procedures are described with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. A key feature of the book is the detailed attention devoted to the latest research findings and to their impact on contemporary evidence-based clinical guidelines and modern clinical practice. On this basis, simple treatment protocols are proposed that take the anatomy of the root canals fully into account. In addition, emerging problems and trends are considered. The book will be an excellent resource for clinicians and advanced practitioners who are seeking to update their practice.

This handbook examines health and medical care in the Arab world from a systems biology approach. It features comprehensive coverage that includes details of key social, environmental, and cultural determinants. In addition, the contributors also investigate the developed infrastructure that manages and delivers health care and medical solutions throughout the region.More than 25 sections consider all aspects of health, from cancer to hormone replacement therapy, from the use of medications to vitamin deficiency in emergency medical care. Chapters highlight essential areas in the wellbeing and care of this population. These topics include women's health care, displaced and refugee women's health needs, childhood health, social and environmental causes of disease, health systems and health management, and a wide range of diseases of various body systems. This resource also explores issues related to access and barriers to health delivery throughout the region.Health in the Arab world is complex and rapidly changing. The health burden in the region is distributed unevenly based on gender, location, as well as other factors. In addition, crises such as armed conflicts and an expanding migrant population place additional stress on systems and providers at all levels. This timely resource will help readers better understand all these major issues and more. It will serve as an ideal guide for researchers in various biological disciplines, public health, and regulatory agencies.

This book summarizes the most relevant published paleontological information, supplemented by our own original work, on the record of Mesozoic mammals'evolution, their close ancestors and their immediate descendants. Mammals evolved in a systematically diverse world, amidst a dynamic geography that is at the root of the 6,500 species living today. Fossils of Mesozoic mammals, while rare and often incomplete, are key to understanding how mammals have evolved over more than 200 million years. Mesozoic mammals and their close relatives occur in a few dozen localities from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru spanning from the Mid- Triassic to the Late Cretaceous, with some lineages surviving the cataclysmic end of the Cretaceous period, into the Cenozoic of Argentina. There are roughly 25 recognized mammalian species distributed in several distinctive lineages, including australosphenidans, multituberculates, gondwanatherians, eutriconodonts, amphilestids and dryolestoids, among others. With its focus on diversity, systematics, phylogeny, and their impact on the evolution of mammals, there is no similar book currently available.

This book guides through all essentials in the field of periodontology including the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common periodontal conditions. Now in its 4th edition, this fully updated version marks the 25th anniversary of the first edition. It discusses the developments in classification while maintaining a no-nonsense logical approach to what many people find a complex subject. The book will help clinicians acquire and maintain the knowledge and skill to treat the many patients encountered in day-to-day practice. It covers the scientific background of periodontal-systemic disease interactions, the clinical application of periodontal surgery and the management of multi-rooted teeth. With newly incorporated supplementary information, the book will be a helpful source for general dentist, dental students, dental hygienists and even for postgraduate students.

Dieses Buch richtet sich als Ausbildungs- und Nachschlagewerk an alle, die mehr über die Schnittbilddiagnostik mit der Digitalen Volumentomographie in der Zahnmedizin erfahren wollen. Es ist insbesondere gedacht für:Zahnärztinnen und Zahnärzte, die keinen eigenen Volumentomographen betreiben, die daher nicht täglich mit Bildern der Digitalen Volumentomographie in Kontakt kommen, aber größere Sicherheit bei der Befundung und generell mehr Verständnis von Schnittbildern erreichen wollen. Das umfangreiche Spektrum der praxisrelevanten Indikationen zur DVT wird erlernt, wodurch Überweisungen sicherer und gezielter erfolgen können. Zugleich werden Befundberichte von DVTs mit den diagnoserelevanten Bildern verständlicher und besser beurteilbar.alle mit der Digitalen Volumentomographie bereits erfahrenen Betreiber eines Digitalen Volumentomographen. Ihnen dient dieses Buch als umfassendes Nachschlagewerk und Ratgeber, der wichtige Antworten auf praxisrelevante Fragen gibt.alle Ärzte, die (auch) im Kopf-Hals-Bereich mit enger Nachbarschaft zum Gebiet der Zahnmedizin tätig sind (Oto-Rhino-Laryngologen, Allgemeinmediziner, praktische Ärzte)Studentinnen und Studenten der Zahnmedizin und Medizin, die weiterführende Informationen zu den im Studium vermittelten Inhalten zur Funktionsweise der Digitalen Volumentomographie, zu Erkrankungsformen im Kiefer- und Nasennebenhöhlenbereich und zur radiologischen Diagnostik dieser Erkrankungen suchen.Die mehr als 30 Autoren dieses Buches – alle national und international ausgewiesene Experten in ihrem Gebiet – geben sowohl Basis- als auch Experteninformationen zur DVT-Technologie, zur regelrechten Anatomie und zu Normvarianten, zu radiologischen Erscheinungsbildern pathologischer Veränderungen, zu klinischen Handlungsempfehlungen und zukünftigen Entwicklungen.Der übersichtliche Aufbau dieses breitabgestützten Werkes, das mit großem Enthusiasmus aller Beteiligten zusammengestellt wurde, die klare Sprache, die konkreten Hinweise und die zahlreichen Illustrationen zeichnen diesen für jeden DVT-Nutzer wohl unentbehrlichen Praxisbegleiter aus.

This book is a practical, comprehensive guide to the management of children and adolescents in general dental practice. A logical, evidence-based approach to oral health is adopted throughout. The commonly encountered oral and dental problems and their diagnosis and treatment are covered in detail, with particular attention to dental caries, dental trauma, developmental anomalies, periodontal problems, and soft tissue conditions. Up-to-date guidance is provided on history taking, dental examination, preventive strategies and advanced behaviour management. In addition the relevance of common medical conditions to dental management is discussed. The book is divided into four sections, each of which focusses on a specific age group, helping the reader to relate clinical issues to the different dental developmental stages. The readily understandable text is supported by many informative colour illustrations and diagrams.

This book describes the latest minimally invasive approaches in endodontics and explains the principles that guide them. The advantages and limitations of these approaches are critically analyzed with the intention of defining new endodontic gold standards. The trend toward the use of more conservative procedures within endodontics reflects the wider adoption of minimally invasive dentistry in general and is being fostered by the introduction of new materials, devices, instruments, and techniques as well as the use of magnification and advanced three-dimensional diagnostic imaging technologies. In this book, readers will find clear explanation of these advances and their impacts. Minimally invasive access to the root canal system is described, and detailed attention is devoted to the application of novel strategies in root canal instrumentation and disinfection, root canal filling, coronal restoration, retreatment, and endodontic surgery. Minimally invasive alternatives to completeendodontic treatment, such as vital pulp therapies, and to dental extraction and implant placement, including surgical extrusion, intentional replantation, and tooth autotransplantation, are also discussed. Minimally Invasive Approaches in Endodontic Practice will be of value for endodontists at all levels of experience.

This book acquaints the clinician with the full range of parameters that need to be considered before undertaking an esthetic rehabilitation with veneers and describes current clinical concepts and techniques. The initial chapters provide the foundation for a comprehensive treatment plan. It is explained how digital smile design in conjunction with a wax-up and functional esthetic prototype allow a patient to visualize the possibilities. Occlusion prior to the initiation of treatment and following treatment is key to the longevity of restorations, and this aspect is given careful consideration. Detailed advice is also offered on proper selection of materials and their placement. The guidance provided will ensure that the reader is fully equipped to gather and assess all relevant information prior to commencement of the final treatment. The treatment itself can range from minimally invasive to more complex depending on the requirements of each individual case. Among the clinical concepts discussed in the book are the use of etched porcelain restorations, minimally invasive CAD/CAM veneers, and the ink glue technique.

This second edition of the multi-volume work goes beyond the comprehensive and systematic coverage of archaeology that appears in the first edition. The field of archaeology continues to grow and the collaborations between archaeologists and researchers in other areas - environmental studies, landscape studies, art history, demography, biomedicine, chemistry, museum specialists, etc. - continues to grow. This second edition builds on the massive collection of information and research from the first edition by adding new entries as well as updating the existing entries.The entries in this encyclopedia range from succinct summaries of specific sites and the scientific aspects of archaeological enquiry to detailed discussions of archaeological concepts, theories and methods, and from investigations into the social, ethical and political dimensions of archaeological practice to biographies of leading archaeologists from throughout the world. The different forms of archaeology are explored, along with the techniques used for each and the challenges, concerns and issues that face archaeologists today.This compendium is both a print reference and an online reference work. One of the encyclopedia's major innovations is that it harnesses the capabilities of an online environment, enhancing both the presentation and dissemination of information. Most particularly, the continuous updating allowed by an online environment should ensure that the Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology is a definitive reference work for archaeology and archaeologists.

This book recognizes and celebrates the contributions of Professor Ashok Sahni to the field of paleontology. Prof. Sahni established a School of Vertebrate Palaeontology at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, where he trained many of today's vertebrate paleontologists of India. The book covers topics on evolutionary patterns, macroevolutionary events, origination and radiation events, changes in physical environments & climate and their implications for biodiversity dynamics, intercontinental affinities and biogeographic connections in a plate tectonic framework. The book begins by exploring India in the age of the dinosaurs, discussing new fossil remains from the Jurassic Era, then moves through the Cretaceous and Eocene to provide a picture on faunal and floral changes in Gondwanaland in the context of plate tectonics. Furthermore, the book explores the evolutionary patterns and biotic dispersals that resulted from the northward drift of Indian plate during the Cretaceous and its collision with Asia in the Eocene. The respective chapters reveal the role of plate tectonics and climate in shaping the geographical distribution of plants and animals in Gondwana, specifically in India, as well as the post-India/Asia collision implications for biodiversity changes and biogeography in the region's continental environments. Given its scope, the book will appeal to vertebrate paleontologists, evolutionary biologists, and paleobiogeographers.

This book provides the theoretical knowledge required by students when learning how to diagnose oral diseases, plan treatment, and perform various types of dental restoration. It is also useful for clinicians wishing to update their treatment skills and broaden their understanding operative dentistry.Adopting an evidence-based approach, and in accordance with the philosophy of minimally invasive dentistry, it explains in detail the use of both classic and new restorative materials in various clinical situations. It also discusses the principles of smile analysis, as well the technique for esthetic composite restorations on posterior and anterior teeth, including direct and indirect veneers. In addition to richly illustrated, step-by-step descriptions of procedures, it offers essential information on basic topics, such as dental instruments and equipment, nomenclature and general principles of tooth preparation, isolation of the operating field, matrix and wedge systems,light curing, and pulpal protection. Furthermore it addresses the diagnosis of dental caries and tooth sensitivity of non-carious origin, like dentin hypersensitivity, dental erosion and cracked tooth syndrome, together with their treatment options. Also explaining the fundamental ergonomic principles of clinical practice, the book enables undergraduate students to embark on a successful professional career.

This book describes the most commonly methods used for the study of the internal anatomy of teeth and provides a complete review of the literature concerning the current state of research employing contemporary imaging tools such as micro-CT and CBCT, which offer greater accuracy whether using qualitative or quantitative approaches. In order to facilitate the management of complex anatomic anomalies, specific clinical protocols and valuable practical tips are suggested. In addition, supplementary material consisting in high-quality videos and images of different anatomies obtained using micro-CT technology is made available to the reader. The book was planned and developed in collaboration with an international team comprising world-recognized researchers and experienced clinicians with expertise in the field. It will provide the readers with a thorough understanding of canal morphology and its variations in all groups of teeth, which is a basic prerequisite for the success of endodontic therapy.

This book takes a non-technical approach in covering the evolution of South American mammalian fauna throughout geological history, and discusses how South America has changed due to mammalian invasions. Unlike other works on the subject, this book attempts to answer several crucial questions that often go unmentioned together in one cohesive monograph. What was the fauna like before the American interchange? What were the origins of the now-extinct groups when northern species arrived and out-competed them? How did the modern mammalian fauna come into being with such disparate animal groups? This information is given from a historical perspective throughout the book's 15 chapters, and is presented in an easily graspable fashion by mostly avoiding technical language. The book is written for academics, scientists and scholars engaged in paleontology, zoology and evolutionary biology, but may also appealto a larger audience of general readers interested in mammalian evolution. The book begins with an introduction, describing the tools necessary to interpret the evolutionary history of South American mammals in geological terms and some of the early people who helped found South American mammalian paleontology. Chapter 2 describes the Mesozoic first mammals of Gondwana and what we are learning about them, dominant before the K/T extinction event. Then chapters 3 through 8 cover the Cenozoic, or'Age of Mammals', highlighting the major mammalian groups of South America that replaced the earlier mammals of Gondwana. These groups include the marsupials, native ungulates, the xenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters, sloths), the caviomorphs (rodents), and the platyrrhine monkeys. Chapters 9 and 10 address the Antarctic La Meseta fossils and the Colombian La Venta fossil faunal assemblages. Chapter 11 discusses the neotropical mammals that invaded the Caribbean Islands, and illustrates the influence South America has had on adjacent faunas. Chapter 12 describes the origin of the Amazon River and the role it has played in the evolution of the mammals and other flora and fauna. Chapter 13 tells the story of the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), and chapter 14 follows this up with a discussion of the Pleistocene mammal communities and their eventual extinction. Chapter 15 concludes the text by discussing the modern mammals of South America, and how despite the extensive Pleistocene extinctions there is still a lot of mammalian diversity in South America.

This book presents a multidisciplinary evidence-based approach to the management of teeth with lesions of endodontic-periodontal origin. The book opens by addressing the etiology and classification of endodontic-periodontal lesions, and demonstrates its relevance to the daily practice. Specific endodontic, prosthetic, and periodontal considerations that should be incorporated into clinical decision making and treatment planning are then discussed in detail. Subsequent chapters describe modern clinical procedures in periodontal regenerative treatment, describe vertical root fractures as an endodontic-periodontal lesion, examine treatment alternatives following the extraction of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions, and discuss possible biological complications in implant supported oral rehabilitation. Finally, a summary chapter considers the integration of clinical factors and patient values into clinical decision making. The text is accompanied by many figures presenting informative clinical examples. The authors are internationally renowned scientists and clinicians from the specialties of Endodontology, Periodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation. Owing to its multidisciplinary and comprehensive nature, the book will be relevant and interesting to the entire dental community.

This book is an up-to-date, succinct, and easily accessible reference on the diverse anomalies that may arise in the developing dentition, including those relating to crown size and shape, tooth formation, tooth eruption, tooth number, and enamel and dentin formation. For each anomaly, information is provided on clinical and radiographic features, etiology, and management. Attention is also drawn to clinically relevant associations among anomalies. The inclusion of numerous high-quality photographs and images will assist the practitioner in establishing the correct diagnosis in each patient and in understanding the rationale for specific interventions. The book will also facilitate discussion of the anomaly with the caregiver or patient, including with respect to genetic and other implications and the appropriate treatment path. Anomalies of the Developing Dentition is an excellent clinical guide to the subject that will aid in timely identification and appropriate management. It will meet the needs of students and practitioners in multiple disciplines of both medicine and dentistry.

This excellently illustrated book aims to equip dentists, oral surgeons, and trainees with the detailed knowledge of anatomical variations in the oral region that is now required for optimal daily clinical practice. The book opens with an introductory section on anatomical variations from the point of view of different clinical practitioners – oral and maxillofacial surgeons, periodontists, and endodontists. The newest anatomical knowledge and variations are then presented in turn for the mandible, maxillary sinus, hard palate, floor of the mouth, lips, temporomandibular joint, and teeth. In each chapter, clinical annotations are included in order to enhance understanding of the relationships between surgery and anatomy. The internationally renowned authors have been carefully selected for their expertise in the topics that they discuss. Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry will be invaluable for general dentists, endodontists, periodontists, and implantologists and will also bean asset for anatomists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists, dental students, and dental hygienists.

This book provides wide-ranging information on current clinical and scientific knowledge on the various aspects of fissure sealing. Trends in the epidemiology of caries are first examined, followed by thorough description of the morphology of pits and fissures and types of sealant. The role of sealants in the prevention of caries is discussed. Diagnostic parameters are presented, along with step-by-step descriptions of clinical procedures for fissure sealing. Chapters are also included on alternative techniques of fissure sealing, sealing of carious fissures, and therapeutic fissure sealing. The final chapter in the book focuses on the cost effectiveness of the procedure. Tooth surfaces with pits and fissures are particularly vulnerable to caries development. Sealants were developed to help manage these sites of the tooth and safeguard the surfaces from decay. This book has been written by acknowledged experts in the field. It will be of value for all dental professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of current knowledge on the science and the clinical application of pit and fissure sealants.

This book describes the most commonly encountered endodontic complications and provides up-to-date information on their prevention and management. The opening chapters explain the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, outline the role of digital radiography and CBCT in managing complications, and highlight the need for close attention to anatomic landmarks in order to avoid damage to neurovascular anatomy. Endodontic problems associated with different procedural errors are then discussed in detail, covering a wide variety of access- and instrumentation-related complications and the difficulties that may arise when using obturation techniques. Readers will also find information on the endodontic–periodontal relationship, special issues in geriatric patients, and the potential medical emergencies and precautions in specific patient subsets. The clear, easy-to-read text is complemented by numerous high-quality photographs and tables that assist understanding and ready identification of management solutions. This book will be of value for all dental practitioners with an interest in endodontics, endodontic specialists, and higher-level students.

This excellently illustrated book equips dental students and practitioners with all the information and guidance required in order to ensure successful implementation of complete denture treatment in edentulous patients following appropriate treatment planning. Readers will find detailed guidance on tooth selection and arrangement, the try-in stage, and remounting and occlusal adjustment. Potential short- and long-term postinsertion problems are identified, with clear explanation of how to resolve them. Information is also provided on the use of stress-reducing materials for complete dentures. The final part of the book is devoted to techniques that can be employed in problematic cases. The text is supported by a wealth of high-quality photographs drawn from the authors'own extensive clinical experience. A companion volume covering every aspect of the planning stage is available separately.

This excellently illustrated book equips dental students and practitioners with all the information and guidance required in order to plan optimally the treatment of edentulous patients. Introductory chapters identify the anatomic landmarks and age-related changes in these patients and explain how evaluation should be performed. Preprosthetic planning and impression procedures are then described in detail, covering key principles, mouth preparation, selection of impression material and technique, construction and adjustment of the custom tray, and border molding techniques. The final part of the volume focuses on establishing the occlusal relationship. Readers will find clear explanation of concepts of occlusion in prosthodontics, the recording of maxillomandibular relations, types of mandibular movement, and other important topics. Throughout the book, much attention is devoted to problem solving. A companion volume covering the implementation of complete denture treatment, includingresolution of postinsertion problems, is available separately.

The book provides a comprehensive description of the fundamental operational principles, technical details of acquiring and specific clinical applications of dental and maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). It covers all clinical considerations necessary for optimal performance in a dental setting. In addition overall and region specific correlative imaging anatomy of the maxillofacial region is described in detail with emphasis on relevant disease. Finally imaging interpretation of CBCT images is presented related to specific clinical applications. This book is the definitive resource for all who refer, perform, interpret or use dental and maxillofacial CBCT including dental clinicians and specialists, radiographers, ENT physicians, head and neck, and oral and maxillofacial radiologists.

This volume offers readers a pragmatic approach to endodontic therapy for permanent molars, based on up-to-date evidence. All chapters were written by experts in the field, and focus on preparation for treatment, vital pulp therapy, access cavity preparation, root canal shaping, outcome assessment, retreatment, apical surgery, and specific aspects of restorations for root canal-treated molars. The role of micro-CT data in visualizing canal anatomy is compared to cone beam CT, and detailed information on current clinical tools, such as irrigation adjuncts and engine-driven preparation tools is provided. Important steps are illustrated in clinical photographs and radiographs, as well as by schematic diagrams. Tables and check boxes highlight key points for special attention, and clinical pitfalls. Guiding references are provided. Performing molar endodontics is often a daunting prospect, regardless of the practice setting. This is where “Molar Endodontics” is an ideal source of guidance for practitioners. Special devices and recent innovations in apex locators and nickel-titanium instruments have, however, made procedures significantly easier and more practical for non-specialists. This book will help conscientious clinicians to master molar endodontics with well-described and established clinical methods.

This book provides comprehensive information on the materials excavated at Pech de l'Azé IV, both by the original excavator François Bordes in the 1970s, and more recently by the authors and their scientific team. Applying a range of new excavation and analytical techniques, it presents detailed material on the formation of the site, its chronology and the nature of the hominin occupations. Pech de l'Azé IV is part of a complex of Lower and Middle Paleolithic cave sites in the Dordogne Valley of southwestern France. Although this region is well known for its rich concentration of Paleolithic sites since the mid-19th century and many of the sites have been repeatedly excavated, no detailed studies have fully documented the stone tool technology and faunal remains or the changes in them over time. The site was regularly occupied by groups of Neanderthals from approximately 100,000 to 40,000 years ago, during which time global-scale changes transformed the region from a relatively warm climate (similar to today's) to a very cold, glacial one. The site provides valuable insights into changes in Neanderthal behavior that reflect, at least in part, their adaptation to changes in the environment and the availability of important resources, such as prey species.

This atlas is unique in comparing the two disciplines of dental implant surgery and tooth-preserving surgery with respect to common procedures, problems, and failures and in providing excellent guidance on the prevention and management of complications. The etiology of a wide variety of implant-related and non-implant-related complications and failures is carefully explained. Since many complications have their roots in oral and periodontal surgical maneuvers, these maneuvers are themselves discussed and extensively illustrated. The most frequently used tooth preservation procedures are also fully described, with emphasis on correct surgical technique as a means to avoid complications. The use of these procedures is constantly weighed against the effects of tooth removal and insertion of dental implants. The text is complemented by the inclusion of a substantial number of helpful references. While the atlas is intended primarily for dentists involved in outpatient implant dentistry and oral surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgeons will also find the descriptions of innovative techniques or maneuvers to be of interest, including those relating to the selection of incision and flap design and the sinus floor elevation techniques.

This book is designed to meet the needs of both dental students and dentists by providing succinct and quickly retrievable answers to common dental questions. Students will find both that it clearly presents the particulars which should be familiar to every dentist and that it enables them to see the big picture and contextualize information introduced to them in the future. Practicing dentists, on the other hand, will employ the book as a daily reference to source information on important topics, materials, techniques, and conditions. The book is neither discipline nor specialty specific. The first part is wide ranging and covers the essentials of dental practice while the second part addresses individual specialties and the third is devoted to emergency dental treatment. Whether as a handy resource in the student s backpack or as a readily available tool on the office desk, this reference manual fills an important gap in the dental literature.

This superbly illustrated book presents the most current and comprehensive review of oral anatomy for clinicians and researchers alike. In 26 chapters, the reader is taken on a unique anatomical journey, starting with the oral fissure, continuing via the maxilla and mandible to the tongue and floor of the mouth, and concluding with the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. Each chapter offers a detailed description of the relevant anatomical structures and their spatial relationships, provides quantitative morphological assessments, and explains the relevance of the region for clinical dentistry. All dental health care professionals require a sound knowledge of anatomy for the purposes of diagnostics, treatment planning, and therapeutic intervention. A full understanding of the relationship between anatomy and clinical practice is the ultimate objective, and this book will enable the reader to achieve such understanding as the basis for provision of the best possible treatment for each individual patient as well as recognition and comprehension of unexpected clinical findings.

This clinical guide describes the latest developments in planning, materials, and techniques for successful fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs). The fabrication of RPDs is demonstrated in a simple and easy-to-understand format, with the aid of numerous color figures and video clips and scientific support on each page. Care has been taken to provide reliable guidance on all aspects of clinical practice relating to RPDs. Readers will find information on decision-making regarding treatment options, clasp-retained RPDs and esthetic solutions, attachments and double crown systems in RPDs, implant-assisted RPDs, maintenance and post-insertion problems for all types of RPDs, the role of RPDs in the management of temporomandibular disorders, re-establishing occlusal vertical dimension and maximal intercuspation.

This handbook has been designed for practicing dental clinicians and students, which includes dental hygienists, general dentists, periodontists, and students of dental hygiene and dentistry who are responsible for treating patients with a broad spectrum of periodontal diseases. The book will enable practicing clinicians and students to successfully meet the challenge of excellent patient care, by providing, in a concise and simplified format, both classic and contemporary practical measures that address all aspects of non-surgical periodontal disease management. Readers are carefully guided through an extensive body of accumulated knowledge in eight broad chapters which includes: the patient's involvement in disease control and prevention, the clinician's instrumentation for the diagnosis and basic treatment of gingivitis/periodontitis along with pharmacotherapeutics and supportive maintenance therapy to ensure long-term success. Numerous illustrations help to bring the presented ideas and suggestions to life and the succinct nature of the text will allow readers to transfer useful information quickly to their own clinical settings.

This book is designed to provide the reader with a full understanding of the role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in helping to solve many of the most challenging problems in endodontics. It will shorten the learning curve in application of this exciting imaging technique in a variety of contexts: difficult diagnostic cases, treatment planning, evaluation of internal tooth anatomy prior to root canal therapy, nonsurgical and surgical treatments, early detection and treatment of resorptive defects, and outcomes assessment. The ability to obtain an accurate 3D representation of a tooth and the surrounding structures by means of noninvasive CBCT imaging is changing the approach to clinical decision making in endodontics. Clinicians long accustomed to working in very small, three-dimensional spaces are no longer constrained by the limitations of two-dimensional imaging. The challenges of mastering the new technology can, however, be daunting. The detailed guidance contained in this book will help endodontists to take full advantage of the important benefits offered by CBCT. ​

This book provides dental professionals with a clear understanding of current clinical and scientific knowledge on the various aspects of pulp treatment for both primary and young permanent teeth. Diagnostic parameters are clearly presented, along with step-by-step descriptions of clinical procedures, including indirect and direct pulp treatments, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy. The rationale for the materials used in each technique and their individual merits and disadvantages are examined in detail. In the case of pulpotomy, all the materials used since the introduction of this treatment modality are discussed (e.g., formocresol, glutaraldehyde, ferric sulfate, and MTA) and the roles of sodium hypochlorite, electrofulguration, and laser therapy are elucidated. Special attention is devoted to pulpectomy and root canal treatment, with consideration of debriding and obturation techniques, rinsing solutions, and root-filling pastes. A further individual chapter is dedicated to restorations ofteeth treated with the different types of pulp therapy. The various conservative treatment modalities are also presented, including specific treatments for immature nonvital permanent teeth. The concluding chapter looks to the future and the potential value of stem cells in pulp therapy.​

This book provides clear, concise guidance on a range of essential treatment strategies for the provision of reliable endodontic care. Practical clinical procedures are described step by step and key concepts emphasized with the aid of a wealth of high-quality illustrations and photographs. Examples of best practice are documented by means of clinical case examples, and the provision of concise tips and recommendations ensures that the reader will quickly be able to find solutions to any one of the myriad of endodontic challenges with which he or she may be confronted. In addition, the most relevant key literature is reviewed in order to support and reinforce the discussed clinical concepts. The described endodontic treatment strategies are all grounded in a sound scientific evidence base. The book should enable practitioners to manage any endodontic case from first principles and will be of value for both dental practitioners and endodontic trainees/specialists.

This book offers up-to-date information on all aspects of the use of lasers in endodontics, focusing especially on the various laser applications, including primary and permanent root canal therapies, retreatments, apical surgery and pulp therapy. Every laser technique used in endodontics is carefully described and illustrated, with detailed coverage of both conventional methods and more recent developments such as laser-activated irrigation and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming. In addition, a separate section addresses the basic science of laser dentistry, explaining the physics, describing laser–tissue interactions, and discussing different types of laser. Extensive reference is made to the international literature in order to provide the reader with a clear, evidence-based understanding of the merits of various approaches. In offering a balanced mix of descriptions of clinical applications, clinical data, scientific research and logical criticism, the book will serve as an excellent reference for a wide audience comprising general dentists as well as specialists.

Ferraro's Fundamentals of Maxillofacial Surgery is the newly revised and updated second edition of the text originally edited by James W. Ferraro. Written for trainees and students as well as experts in oral and maxillofacial surgery, and experts in related subspecialties such as otolaryngology and plastic surgery, this highly illustrated text is an invaluable source of hands-on, practical knowledge for those taking the ASMS Basic Course, or for any specialist seeking a comprehensive review of maxillofacial surgery.

This is the first book devoted to the oral sedation of children in the dental office in order to facilitate their dental care. Written by well-respected and recognized leaders, educators, clinicians and researchers in the field of sedation, it reflects the latest evidenced-based practice and clinical expertise, provides guidance and offers an abundance of consistent and helpful tips. The book is structured to cover the various key elements that must be considered when attempting to provide safe sedation for children undergoing dental procedures. Topics addressed include, among others, patient assessment, drug selection, protocol steps, emergency management, and the most up-to-date guidelines. The contents of each chapter are focused to match the specific concerns associated with the pediatric patient.

This clinical guide is a concise up-to-date resource that covers a wide range of endodontic procedures, including non-surgical root canal therapy, surgical root canal therapy, trauma care and the management of fractured teeth, apexification, apexogenesis, revascularization, regeneration, Cvek partial pulpotomy, root canal retreatment, and periapical surgery. The provision of numerous flowcharts, checklists, and advice on error avoidance for each procedure will assist in decision-making in daily practice. Scientific and clinical evidence regarding the use and efficacy of the different forms of treatment is summarized, and helpful information is also presented on instrumentation. The inclusion of exam questions will assist those preparing for endodontic examinations. A Primer on Endodontic Treatment will be of value for dental students, residents in training to become endodontists, endodontists, pediatric dentists, and established dentists.

This volume brings together information about recent discoveries and current theories concerning the origin and early evolution of anthropoid primates­ monkeys, apes, and humans. Although Anthropoidea is one of the most dis­ tinctive groups of living primates, and the origin of the group is a frequent topic of discussion in the anthropological and paleontological literature, the topic of anthropoid origins has rarely been the foeus of direct discussion in primate evolution. Rather, diseussion of anthropoid origins appears as a ma­ jor side issue in volumes dealing with the origin of platyrrhines (Ciochon and Chiarelli, 1980), in discussions about the phylogenetic position of Tarsius, in descriptions of early anthropoid fossils, and in descriptions and revisions of various fossil prosimians. As a result, the literature on anthropoid origins has a long history of argument by advocacy, in which scholars with different views have expounded individual theories based on a small bit of evidence at hand, often with little consideration of alternative views and other types of evidence that have been used in their support. This type of scholarship struck us as a relatively unproductive approach to a critical issue in primate evolution.

It is now well known that the concept of drifting continents became an estab­ lished theory during the 1960s. Not long after this'revolution in the earth sciences,'researchers began applying the continental drift model to problems in historical biogeography. One such problem was the origin and dispersal of the New World monkeys, the Platyrrhini. Our interests in this subject began in the late 1960s on different conti­ nents quite independent of one another in the cities of Florence, Italy, and Berkeley, California. In Florence in 1968, A. B. Chiarelli, through stimulating discussions with R. von Koenigswald and B. de Boer, became intrigued with the possibility that a repositioning of the continents of Africa and South America in the early Cenozoic might alter previous traditional conceptions of a North American origin of the Platyrrhini. During the early 1970s this con­ cept was expanded and pursued by him through discussions with students while serving as visiting professor at the University of Toronto. By this time, publication of the Journal of Human Evolution was well underway, and Dr. Chiarelli as editor encouraged a dialogue emphasizing continental drift models of primate origins which culminated in a series of articles published in that journal during 1974-75. In early 1970, while attending the University of California at Berkeley, R. L. Ciochon was introduced to the concept of continental drift and plate tectonics and their concomitant applications to vertebrate evolution through talks with paleontologist W. A. Clemens and anthropologist S. L. Washburn.