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Control of Integral Processes with Dead Time provides a unified and coherent review of the various approaches devised for the control of integral processes, addressing the problem from different standpoints. In particular, the book treats the following topics: How to tune a PID controller and assess its performance; How to design a two-degree-of-freedom control scheme in order to deal with both the set-point following and load disturbance rejection tasks; How to modify the basic Smith predictor control scheme in order to cope with the presence of an integrator in the process; and how to address the presence of large process dead times. The methods are presented sequentially, highlighting the evolution of their rationale and implementation and thus clearly characterising them from both academic and industrial perspectives.

The topics of control engineering and signal processing continue to?o- ish and develop. In common with general scienti?c investigation, new ideas, concepts and interpretations emerge quite spontaneously and these are then discussed,used,discardedorsubsumedinto theprevailingsubjectparadigm. Sometimes these innovative concepts coalesce into a new sub-discipline within the broad subject tapestry of control and signal processing. This p- liminary battle between old and new usually takes place at conferences, through the Internet and in the journals of the discipline. After a little more maturity has been acquired by the new concepts then archival publication as a scienti?c or engineering monograph may occur. A new concept in control and signal processing is known to have - rived when suf?cient material has evolved for the topic to be taught as a specialised tutorial workshop or as a course to undergraduate, graduate or industrial engineers. Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing are designed as a vehicle for the systematic presentation of course material for both popularand innovative topics in the discipline. It is hoped that prosp- tive authors will welcome the opportunity to publish a structured and s- tematic presentation of some of the newer emerging control and signal p- cessing technologies in the textbook series.

This book presents the study to design, develop, and implement improved PI control techniques using dead-time compensation, structure enhancements, learning functions and fractional ordering parameters. Two fractional-order PI controllers are proposed and designed: fractional-order predictive PI and hybrid iterative learning based fractional-order predictive PI controller. Furthermore, the proposed fractional-order control strategies and filters are simulated over first- and second-order benchmark process models and further validated using the real-time experimentation of the pilot pressure process plant. In this book, five chapters are structured with a proper sequential flow of details to provide a better understanding for the readers. A general introduction to the controllers, filters and optimization techniques is presented in Chapter 1. Reviews of the PI controllers family and their modifications are shown in the initial part of Chapter 2, followed by the development of the proposed fractional-order predictive PI (FOPPI) controller with dead-time compensation ability. In the first part of chapter 3, a review of the PI based iterative learning controllers, modified structures of the ILC and their modifications are presented. Then, the design of the proposed hybrid iterative learning controller-based fractional-order predictive PI controller based on the current cyclic feedback structure is presented. Lastly, the results and discussion of the proposed controller on benchmark process models and the real-time experimentation of the pilot pressure process plant are given. Chapter 4 presents the development of the proposed filtering techniques and their performance comparison with the conventional methods. Chapter 5 proposes the improvement of the existing sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) to form a novel arithmetic-trigonometric optimization algorithm (ATOA) to accelerate the rate of convergence in lesser iterations with mitigation towards getting caught in the same local position. The performance analysis of the optimization algorithm will be carried out on benchmark test functions and the real-time pressure process plant.

This book summarizes the application of linear algebra-based controllers (LABC) for trajectory tracking for practitioners and students across a range of engineering disciplines. It clarifies the necessary steps to apply this straight-forward technique to a non-linear multivariable system, dealing with continuous or discrete time models, and outlines the steps to implement such controllers. In this book, the authors present an approach of the trajectory tracking problem in systems with dead time and in the presence of additive uncertainties and environmental disturbances. Examples of applications of LABC to systems in real operating conditions (mobile robots, marine vessels, quadrotor and pvtol aircraft, chemical reactors and First Order Plus Dead Time systems) illustrate the controller design in such a way that the reader attains an understanding of LABC.

This book provides readers with guidelines for designing integrated multi-MHz-switching converters for input voltages/system supplies up to 50V or higher. Coverage includes converter theory, converter architectures, circuit design, efficiency, sizing of passives, technology aspects, etc. The author discusses new circuit designs, new architectures and new switching concepts, including dead-time control and soft-switching techniques that overcome current limitations of these converters. The discussion includes technology related issues and helps readers to choose the right technology for fast-switching converters. This book discusses benefits and drawbacks in terms of integration, size and cost, efficiency and complexity, and enables readers to make trade-offs in design, given different converter parameters.Describes a study for increasing switching frequencies up to 30 MHz at input voltages up to 50V or higher in the scaling of the size of switching converter passives;Analyzes various buck converter implementations and shows that a preference due to higher efficiency depends on the operating point, on the available switch technologies, and on the implementation of the high-side supply generation;Describes an efficiency model based on a four-phase model, which enables separation of loss causes and loss locations.

Model Predictive Control is an important technique used in the process control industries. It has developed considerably in the last few years, because it is the most general way of posing the process control problem in the time domain. The Model Predictive Control formulation integrates optimal control, stochastic control, control of processes with dead time, multivariable control and future references. The finite control horizon makes it possible to handle constraints and non linear processes in general which are frequently found in industry. Focusing on implementation issues for Model Predictive Controllers in industry, it fills the gap between the empirical way practitioners use control algorithms and the sometimes abstractly formulated techniques developed by researchers. The text is firmly based on material from lectures given to senior undergraduate and graduate students and articles written by the authors.

A new edition of a book is always warranted when it needs to be updated because of advances in the?eld over time. Although the basics of physics, instrumentation, and radiobiology have not changed, their tech- logical applications have been changing and improving continually. Nuclear medicine professionals worldwide appreciate the book so much that the previous edition has been published in Japanese. Changes in content and appreciation of the book are the two guiding factors in writing this third edition. Like the previous editions, the book is aimed at residents taking the American Board of Nuclear Medicine, the American Board of Radiology (Physics part), and the American Board of Radiology with Special C- petency in Nuclear Medicine examinations,and for the technologists taking the Nuclear Medicine Technology Certifying Board. The book contains 16 chapters,and at the end of each chapter,references and suggested readings have been updated and new questions have been added where appropriate. The?rst 10 chapters have only minor changes because of the basic nature of the contents. A section on the chi-square test and evaluation of diagnostic tests has been added in Chapter 4. Additional radionuclides have been included in Table 5. 1. In Chapter 8, the section on scintillation detectors has been rearranged and the section on dead time has been expanded. In Chapter 10, the sections on uniformity, gamma camera tuning, and quality control tests have been revised. A new section on software and DICOM has been added in Chapter 11.

The presence of considerable time delays in many industrial processes is well recognized and achievable performances of conventional unity feedback control systems are degraded if a process has a relatively large time delay compared to its time constants. In this case, dead time compensation is necessary in order to enhance the performances. The most popular scheme for such compensation is the Smith Predictor, but it is unsuitable for unstable or lightly damped processes because the compensated closed-loop system always contains the process poles themselves. An alternative scheme for delay elimination from the closed-loop is the finite spectrum assignment (FSA) strategy and it can arbitrarily assign the closed-loop spectrum. One may note that the Smith­ Predictor Control can be found in delay systems control books and many process control books, but the FSA control is rarely included in these books. It is therefore timely and desirable to fill this gap by writing a book which gives a comprehensive treatment of the FSA approach. This is useful and worthwhile since the FSA provides not only an alternative way but also certain advantages over the Smith-Predictor. The book presents the state-of-the-art of the finite spectrum assignment for time-delay systems in frequency domain. It mainly contains those works carried out recently by the authors in this field. Most of them have been published and others are awaiting publication. They are assembled together and reorganized in such a way that the presentation is logical, smooth and systematic.

This concise yet comprehensive primer on ionising radiation protection includes chapters on foundational nuclear physics, radiation units, the biological effects of radiation exposure, radiation risk and epidemiological studies, internal and external radiation hazards, background radiation, radioactive waste management, and radiation detection. The background knowledge to understand each topic is included early in the book. Each topic is introduced slowly and the complexity and depth are increased to a level commensurate with a master's degree. End-of-chapter exercises enable the reader to consolidate their knowledge. This text is ideal for anyone wanting to gain insight into the most important areas of the field and will well-equip those wishing to explore the subject in further depth/detail/breadth.

These 3-volume proceedings includes selected and reviewed papers from CONAT 2024 – the 13th edition of the International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering, held in Brasov, Romania, in November 2024. Authors are experts from research, industry and universities coming from around the world. The papers are covering the latest developments in automotive vehicles and environment, advanced transport systems and road traffic, advanced powertrain systems, new materials, manufacturing technologies and logistics, accident research and analysis and innovative solutions for automotive vehicles. The congress is organized by SIAR (Society of Automotive Engineers from Romania) in cooperation with SAE International and Transilvania University of Brasov. This first volume presents the papers on Advanced Powertrain Systems, Advanced Engineering Methods as well as Vehicle Dynamics and Vehicle Systems.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of traffic and transport, covering a wealth of state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research, highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological areas, the topics covered include traffic data analysis, transport planning, multimodal and integrated transport, modelling and analysis of passenger behaviour, etc. The aim of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academics and industry professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of traffic and transportation. Engineers and researchers from academia, industry and government will also explore the solutions that combine ideas from different disciplines in the field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students working in the field of traffic and transportation.

This book covers the practical application of AI-based methods in modern power systems. The complexity of current power system operations has dramatically increased due to the higher penetration of renewable energy sources and power electronic components. Therefore, providing efficient techniques is essential for secure and clean power system operation. This book focuses on the data-driven operation of the digitalized power system using machine language (ML). First, the basics of power system operation and control are presented, covering various areas of system control and operation. Next, significant advances in modern power systems and their corresponding challenges are discussed, and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered techniques, specifically machine learning, are introduced to address these issues. The book also explores AI-powered applications in the operation of power systems. These applications include various aspects of the data-driven process in both situational awareness and control areas. They are presented as practical examples indicating the implementation of an ML-based method to solve operational problems. Artificial Intelligence in the Operation and Control of Digitalized Power Systems is a valuable guide for students, researchers, and practicing engineers to AI-based techniques and real-world applications in power systems.

Drawing on 25 years of experience, Consultant surgeon Mr Stephen Lash offers a fresh approach to the practice of surgery. His three perspectives or ‘Boxes'explore the ‘How'the ‘What'and the ‘Why'of surgery drawing lessons from Elite athletes to Toyota and from pilots to personality. Each box contributes a novel perspective to the surgeon's learning and practice and offers practical tips to apply in theatre. It is easy to read and designed to be used alongside training and stimulate interesting conversations during the surgical debrief, best served with coffee. “There are endless books about surgical technique, but a woeful lack of information on how to be a surgeon. This book helps fill that gap.” Prof Andrew Luff MA, MBBS, FRCS, FRCOphth Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon “I am convinced that it will not only appeal to the surgeons for which it was written but to a wider public as well. After all what is an operating theatre if not an open window on the real world?” Giampaolo Gini MD PhD President of the European Vitreo-Retinal Society This book is an ideal companion to surgeons everywhere from Dentists on the high street to Consultants in specialist units, medical students to key opinion leaders and anyone interested in this particular type of person willing to cut into another in pursuit of wholeness.

The multi-volume set of LNCS books with volume numbers 15059 up to 15147 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2024, held in Milan, Italy, during September 29–October 4, 2024. The 2387 papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 8585 submissions. The papers deal with topics such as computer vision; machine learning; deep neural networks; reinforcement learning; object recognition; image classification; image processing; object detection; semantic segmentation; human pose estimation; 3d reconstruction; stereo vision; computational photography; neural networks; image coding; image reconstruction; motion estimation.

The multi-volume set of LNCS books with volume numbers 15059 up to 15147 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2024, held in Milan, Italy, during September 29–October 4, 2024. The 2387 papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 8585 submissions. They deal with topics such as computer vision; machine learning; deep neural networks; reinforcement learning; object recognition; image classification; image processing; object detection; semantic segmentation; human pose estimation; 3d reconstruction; stereo vision; computational photography; neural networks; image coding; image reconstruction; motion estimation.

This book presents the select proceedings of the Control Instrumentation and System Conference (CISCON 2023) held at Manipal Institute of Technology, MAHE, Manipal. It examines a broad spectrum covering the latest trends in instrumentation, sensors and systems, and industrial automation and control. The topics covered include image and signal processing, robotics, renewable energy, power systems, and power drives, performance attributes of MEMS, multi-sensor data fusion, machine learning, optimization techniques, process control, safety monitoring, safety-critical control, supervisory control, system modeling, and virtual instrumentation. The book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in sensors, adaptive management, automation and control, and allied fields.

Topics in Modal Analysis, Testing & Parameter Identification, Volume 9: Proceedings of the 42nd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2024, the nineth volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Modal Analysis, Modal Testing and Modal Parameter Identification including papers on: Analytical Methods Modal Applications Basics of Modal Analysis Experimental Techniques Multi Degree of Freedom Testing Boundary Conditions in Environmental Testing Operational Modal Analysis Modal Parameter Identification Novel Techniques

This book provides readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of CdTe and CdZnTe detector technology for medical imaging, industrial testing and security scanning, especially as it pertains to new applications. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications inthe X-ray testing. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from leading world specialists in the field. The conversion of the X-ray and gamma-ray signal into analogue/digital value will be covered in some chapters. Some would also provide a review of CMOS chips for CdTe and CdZnTe image sensors. This book serves as an excellent reference for people already working in the field as well as for people wishing to enter it.

The book focuses on the topology and modulation of non-isolated and isolated high-power DC/DC converters. Firstly, two non-isolated soft-switching resonant step-up structures are proposed. Secondly, the auxiliary-and-main-currents-diversion idea is introduced to significantly reduce the switching loss of the converter, based on which a series of isolated ZCS resonant converters is proposed. Thirdly, the transformer magnetic flux density of isolated resonant converter is totally studied and an asymmetric pulse frequency modulation is proposed to avoid the transformer saturation problem. Finally, three different types of ±35kV/500kW DC grid-connected converters are successfully demonstrated in Zhangbei Renewable Energy Base of China.

This book gathers outstanding papers presented at the 18th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, organized by China Electrotechnical Society (CES), held in Nanchang, China, from September 15 to 17, 2023. It covers topics such as electrical technology, power systems, electromagnetic emission technology, and electrical equipment. It introduces the innovative solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines. The book is very much helpful and useful for the researchers, engineers, practitioners, research students, and interested readers.

This book presents the proceedings of the XXV DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics (HEP) Symposium 2022, held at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India. This proceeding marks the 25th edition. The latest results covering both the theoretical and the experimental aspects of the HEP research were presented under 10 broad topics ranging from Astroparticle and cosmology to Higgs and top quark physics, namely (1) article Astrophysics and Cosmology, (2) Beyond Standard Model Physics, (3) Formal Theory, (4) Detector Development Future Facilities and Experiments, (5) Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics and QCD, (6) Higgs Physics, (7) Quark and Lepton Flavor Physics, (9) Societal Applications: Medical Physics, Imaging, and (10) Top Quark and EW Physics.

This book provides insights of World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems, Security, and Sustainability (WS4 2023) which is divided into different sections such as Smart IT Infrastructure for Sustainable Society; Smart Management Prospective for Sustainable Society; Smart Secure Systems for Next Generation Technologies; Smart Trends for Computational Graphics and Image Modeling; and Smart Trends for Biomedical and Health Informatics. The proceedings is presented in two volumes. The book is helpful for active researchers and practitioners in the field.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians, and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchersand graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies.

This book is a must-read for those interested in the aging phenomenon of materials used in new energy systems, such as photovoltaic and electric vehicles. It provides a fundamental framework for this topic and important basic data and references for insulation materials used in these systems. It covers the aging of photovoltaic systems installed in different environments, including space, as well as the aging of the discharge present in the drive motors of electric vehicles. This book is suitable for researchers and students interested in green energy systems and can be used for teaching, research, and science popularization.

This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the RILEM Spring Convention and Conference, held in Milan, Italy on April 7-12, 2024. The theme of the Conference was “Advanced construction materials and processes for a carbon neutral society”, which was aimed at discussing advanced construction/eco-friendly materials and processes, for new and existing structures, towards a carbon neutral society. The volume covers the current and emerging approaches that lead to an optimized design and maintenance of constructions and systems. It includes the development of materials and structural service life models and life cycle design, in order to maximise longevity and level of service while minimising the environmental impact of constructions and systems. It also includes the analysis and design of larger systems, such as communities, cities or regions, aiming at reducing risk andincreasing resilience. The following subtopics are included: advanced materials and structural concept to enhance the resilience and robustness of the built environment and communities at local and global scales; risk based inspection and maintenance; life cycle analysis and service models; performance based design; improved design strategies by integrating materials and structures.

This book presents peer reviewed articles from the 2nd International Conference on Green Energy Conversion Systems held in Djerba, Tunisia, from 13–15 September 2023. It brings together researchers and professionals from all over the world to share and discuss recent advancements and developments in renewable energy and its applications and foster future collaboration tending towards zero carbon.

This book highlights recent research advancements in the area of microgrids and virtual power plants. Microgrids and virtual power plants are the future of power generation and delivery systems, and there has been significant research interest in this area over the past decade. The key emphasis of this book is on the various modelling, analysis, and management aspects of microgrids and virtual power networks. Interesting topics such as their planning, operation, and technology accommodation are presented in detail. The chapters in the book discuss existing and new modelling approaches, control and management methods, as well as their structures, planning, monitoring, protection, and coordination. This book introduces and covers these topics in a comprehensive and coherent way for professionals and researchers.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of quantum-confined semiconductor lasers, focusing on quantum dot lasers (QDLs) and interband quantum cascade lasers (ICLs). Through theoretical and numerical exploration, the author scrutinizes the amplitude and frequency noise spectra, studies the dynamics induced by delayed optical reinjection, and investigates the generation of squeezed states for both laser types. Notably, his predictions align with experimental results, demonstrating the robustness of this approach. Structured meticulously, the book begins with an overview of QDL and ICL technology, followed by in-depth chapters on classical noise and dynamics, and quantum aspects, particularly the generation of squeezed states. Clearly written, the text strikes a balance between words and equations, maintaining accessibility without sacrificing depth. It includes an extensive bibliography, a testament to the thoroughness of the research and a useful feature for all newcomers to the field.

This book comprises peer-reviewed papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Advanced Engineering Optimization Through Intelligent Techniques (AEOTIT) 2023. The book combines contributions from academics and industry professionals and covers advanced optimization techniques across all major engineering disciplines like mechanical, manufacturing, civil, electrical, chemical, computer, and electronics engineering. The book discusses different optimization techniques and algorithms such as genetic algorithm, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, and III, particle swarm optimization, gravitational search algorithm, ant lion optimization, dragonfly algorithm, teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm, grey wolf optimization, Jaya algorithm, Rao algorithms, many other latest meta-heuristic techniques, machine learning algorithms, and their applications. Various multi-attribute decision-making methods such as AHP, TOPSIS, PROMETHEE, desirability function, SWARA, R-method, BHARAT method, Taguchi method, fuzzy logic, and their applications are also discussed. This book serves as a valuable reference for students, researchers, and practitioners and helps them in solving a wide range of optimization problems.

This book constitutes the post-conference proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Data Analytics and Management in Data Intensive Domains, DAMDID/RCDL 2023, held in Moscow, Russia, during 24-27 October 2023. The 21 papers presented here were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. These papers are organized in the following topical sections: Data Models and Knowledge Graphs; Databases in Data Intensive Domains; Machine learning methods and applications; Data Analysis in Astronomy & Information extraction from text. Papers from keynote talks have also been included in this book.