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This textbook introduces the clinical applications of biomolecules in disease diagnosis, covering a range of topics in biochemistry. The book discusses carbohydrate and protein metabolism abnormalities, lipid digestion and absorption defects, disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and the chemistry and biological roles of water- and fat-soluble vitamins. It also covers the roles of different macroelements and essential trace elements in physiological processes and the prevention of chronic diseases. The final chapter focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the role of enzymes in disease development and diagnosis. The book chapter also explores the causes and effects of free radicals in the body, including oxidative stress and diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the chapter discusses cancer development, causes, diagnosis methods, biomarkers, and current treatments such as targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. This book is a useful resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners in biochemistry, medicine, and health sciences.

There are different types of treatment for breast cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Deciding on the types of treatment depends on several factors, such as the stage and grade of cancer, biomarkers, and general health of patients. The seventh volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Breast Cancer Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive reviews on different treatment opportunities on breast cancer. An update on treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ is provided. Ablative breast cancer surgery, radiotherapy, and percutaneous breast cancer treatment are explained. Promising hormone immunotherapy combination as well as targeted therapies for breast cancer is also discussed. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers and oncologists who wish to extend their knowledge on breast cancer treatment.

This book is the first publication to widely introduce the contributions of nanoarchitectonics to the development of functional materials and systems. The book opens up pathways to novel nanotechnology based on bottom-up techniques. In fields of nanotechnology, theoretical and practical limitations are expected in the bottom-up nanofabrication process. Instead, some supramolecular processes for nano- and microstructure formation including molecular recognition, self-assembly, and template synthesis have gained great attention as novel key technologies to break through expected limitations in current nanotechnology. This volume describes future images of nanotechnology and related materials and device science as well as practical applications for energy and biotechnology. Readers including specialists, non-specialists, graduate students, and undergraduate students can focus on the parts of the book that interest and concern them most. Target fields include materials chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, nanotechnology, and even biotechnology.

This edited book introduces readers to new analytical techniques and controller design schemes used to solve the emerging “hottest” problems in dynamic control systems and networks. In recent years, the study of dynamic systems and networks has faced major changes and challenges with the rapid advancement of IT technology, accompanied by the 4th Industrial Revolution. Many new factors that now have to be considered, and which haven't been addressed from control engineering perspectives to date, are naturally emerging as the systems become more complex and networked. The general scope of this book includes the modeling of the system itself and uncertainty elements, examining stability under various criteria, and controller design techniques to achieve specific control objectives in various dynamic systems and networks. In terms of traditional stability matters, this includes the following special issues: finite-timestability and stabilization, consensus/synchronization, fault-tolerant control, event-triggered control, and sampled-data control for classical linear/nonlinear systems, interconnected systems, fractional-order systems, switched systems, neural networks, and complex networks. In terms of introducing graduate students and professional researchers studying control engineering and applied mathematics to the latest research trends in the areas mentioned above, this book offers an excellent guide.

This textbook provides a rigorous analytical treatment of the theory of Maass wave forms. Readers will find this unified presentation invaluable, as it treats Maass wave forms as the central area of interest. Subjects at the cutting edge of research are explored in depth, such as Maass wave forms of real weight and the cohomology attached to Maass wave forms and transfer operators. Because Maass wave forms are given a deep exploration, this book offers an indispensable resource for those entering the field.Early chapters present a brief introduction to the theory of classical modular forms, with an emphasis on objects and results necessary to fully understand later material. Chapters 4 and 5 contain the book's main focus: L-functions and period functions associated with families of Maass wave forms. Other topics include Maass wave forms of real weight, Maass cusp forms, and weak harmonic Maass wave forms. Engaging exercises appear throughout the book, with solutions available online.On the Theory of Maass Wave Forms is ideal for graduate students and researchers entering the area. Readers in mathematical physics and other related disciplines will find this a useful reference as well. Knowledge of complex analysis, real analysis, and abstract algebra is required.

This book is a comprehensive guide to the techniques, clinical applications, and benefits of the different forms of liquid biopsy employed in patients with a variety of tumor types, including lung, breast and colorectal cancer. Offering detailed explanations, it discusses the how changes in tumors can be tracked using these cutting-edge technologies, which enable the detection and analysis of diverse circulating biomarkers: tumor cells, tumor DNA, tumor RNA (free or in exosomes), and fluid biomarkers identifiable by means of targeted proteomics. The use of such advanced technologies is enabling us to tackle questions and problems in a way that was not possible just a few years ago. We now have at our disposal an effective means of overcoming the problem of intratumor heterogeneity, which has limited the value of conventional biopsy approaches. As a consequence, oncology practice is about to change radically, toward truly personalized precision medicine. This book provides both clinicians and researchers with a thorough and up-to-date overview of progress in the field.

This book presents recent research on probabilistic methods in economics, from machine learning to statistical analysis. Economics is a very important – and at the same a very difficult discipline. It is not easy to predict how an economy will evolve or to identify the measures needed to make an economy prosper. One of the main reasons for this is the high level of uncertainty: different difficult-to-predict events can influence the future economic behavior. To make good predictions and reasonable recommendations, this uncertainty has to be taken into account. In the past, most related research results were based on using traditional techniques from probability and statistics, such as p-value-based hypothesis testing. These techniques led to numerous successful applications, but in the last decades, several examples have emerged showing that these techniques often lead to unreliable and inaccurate predictions. It is therefore necessary to come up with new techniques for processing the corresponding uncertainty that go beyond the traditional probabilistic techniques. This book focuses on such techniques, their economic applications and the remaining challenges, presenting both related theoretical developments and their practical applications.

This book provides readers an extensive overview of recent progress in basic and clinical research on cancer immunotherapy. Thanks to rapid advances in molecular biology and immunology, it has become increasingly evident that cancer growth is influenced by host immune responses. With the success of a number of clinical trials, immunotherapy has become a promising treatment modality of cancer. This book covers five major topics, including monoclonal antibodies, biological response modifiers, cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular therapy and oncolytic viruses. It also examines the combination of different immune strategies as well as the combination of immunotherapy with other treatments to increase anti-tumor effects. Through the comprehensive discussion of the topic, the book sheds valuable new light on the treatment of tumors.

This book covers a broad area of engineering research in translational medicine. Leaders in academic institutions around the world contributed focused chapters on a broad array of topics such as: cell and tissue engineering (6 chapters), genetic and protein engineering (10 chapters), nanoengineering (10 chapters), biomedical instrumentation (4 chapters), and theranostics and other novel approaches (4 chapters). Each chapter is a stand-alone review that summarizes the state-of-the-art of the specific research area.Engineering in Translational Medicine gives readers a comprehensive and in-depth overview of a broad array of related research areas, making this an excellent reference book for scientists and students both new to engineering/translational medicine and currently working in this area. The ability for engineering approaches to change biomedical research are increasing and having significant impact. Development of basic assays and their numerous applications are allowing for many new discoveries and should eventually impact human health. This book brings together many diverse yet related topics to give the reader a solid overview of many important areas that are not found together elsewhere. Dr. Weibo Cai has taken great care to select key research leaders of many sub-disciplines who have put together very detailed chapters that are easy to read yet highly rich in content. _______________This book brings together many diverse yet related topics to give the reader a solid overview of many important areas that are not found together elsewhere. Dr. Weibo Cai has taken great care to select key research leaders of many sub-disciplines who have put together very detailed chapters that are easy to read yet highly rich in content. It is very exciting to see such a great set of chapters all together to allow one to have a key understanding of many different areas including cell, gene, protein, and nano engineering aswell as the emerging field of theranostics. I am sure the readers will find this collection of important chapters helpful in their own research and understanding of how engineering has and will continue to play a critical role in biomedical research and clinical translation. Sanjiv Sam Gambhir M.D., Ph.D.Stanford University, USA Engineering in Translational Medicine is a landmark book bridging the fields of engineering and medicine with a focus on translational technologies and methods. In a single, well-coordinated volume, this book brings together contributions from a strong and international scientific cast, broadly covering the topics. The book captures the tremendous opportunities made possible by recent developments in bioengineering, and highlights the potential impact of these advances across a broad spectrum of pressing health care needs. The book can equally serve as a text for graduate level courses, a reference source, a book to be dipped into for pleasure by those working within the field, or a cover-to-cover read for those wanting a comprehensive, yet readable introduction to the current state of engineering advances and how they are impacting translational medicine. Simon R. Cherry, Ph.D.University of California, Davis, USA

This book contains the papers from invited lecturers as well as selected contributions presented at the 6th International Meeting on Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry (I.M.C.P.P.) held in Geneva, Switzerland, 5-7 June 1991. At this meeting the basic theme of the previous meetings in this series (Chicago 1979, Troms0 1980, Odense 1982, Bethesda 1985, Troms0 1988) was continued, namely, to bridge the gap between experimental development and clinical reality in psychopharmacology. After more than 25 years of intensive research in biological psychiatry, basic understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying major psychiatric diseases has advanced significantly but is still far from complete. Likewise, the hypotheses underlying the development of new psychotropics have been refined and produced a wide spectrum of novel, yet designed compounds. The crucial condition for all progress in this field is reliable, informative clinical testing of new compounds. It is our hope that this book, as a continuation of the earlier publications in this series, provides further evidence of the ongoing interaction between preclinical and clinical scientists, who only together can assure progress in this exciting area of research and clinical practice.

Five years after its predecessor, the second edition of Inborn Metabolic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment is appearing in an almost completely revised form. Its main feature is an even stronger emphasis on the clinical presentation of inborn errors of metabolism. For that reason, clinical approach has not only remained the central theme of the first chapter, but also become the starting point for all chapters dealing with either a single specific disorder or a group of diseases. Particular attention has been paid to clinical presentation under acute, subacute or chronic forms, to the appearance of initially aspecific symptoms evolving into a more characteristic syn­ drome at a later age, or vice versa, to clinical heterogeneity and its relation to genetic and biochemical heterogeneity. Brief reference to other diagnostic possibilities is also given in all disease-related chapters. Description of the metabolic derangements is restricted to the main pathophysiological features which provide the rationale for diagnosis and treatment. Methods to ascertain the diagnosis and diagnostic tests are listed comprehensively. As in the first edition, treatment is discussed extensively. Details are given for dietary treatment and drug administrations in acute situations, during infections and in maintenance treatment. The impressive progress of knowledge with respect to genetic lesions in inborn errors of metabolism remains condensed to the essentials. For more detailed information, particularly with respect to pathophysiology and genetics, we highly recommend the seventh edition of The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, by Charles R. Scriver et al. (McGraw-Hill, 1995).

Volume 7 of Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives appears under the aegis of a new publisher: the distinguished firm of Springer­ Verlag New York, Inc. This volume presents three timely reviews on alkaloids: Chapter 1 reviews the homoerythrina and related alkaloids. a group of compounds occurring in seventeen species that are native to countries bordering the western Pacific. Since the last review in 1981, the number of these alkaloids has doubled. Chapter 2 is a comprehensive review of the carbon-13 NMR spectros­ copy of steroidal alkaloids. Because more than 350 plant species have yielded steroidal alkaloids and these alkaloids exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities, including teratogenicity, this catalog of spectral and physical data should prove very useful to workers in this field. Chapter 3 presents a detailed review of proton and carbon-I3 NMR shift assignments and physical constants of norditerpenoid alkaloids. This chap­ ter is an extensive supplement to the review that appeared in Volume 2 of this series. In addition to the catalog of spectral and physical data, this chapter includes tables of proton and carbon shift assignments, a table of the occurrence of alkaloids in plant species, an index of al1 X-ray crystal structure determinations of norditerpenoid alkaloids, and tables containing molecular formulas versus calculated high-resolution mass values and calculated high-resolution mass values versus molecular formulas of nor­ diterpenoid alkaloids. Each chapter in this volume has been reviewed by an expert in the field. Indexes for both subjects and organisms are provided.

Reef ecosystems extend throughout the tropics. Exploited by small-scale fishers, reefs supply food for millions of people, but, worldwide, there are growing worries about the productivity and current state of these ecosystems. Reef fish stocks display many features of fisheries elsewhere. However, habitat spatial complexity, biological diversity within and among species, ecosystem intricacy and variable means of exploitation make it hard to predict sustainable modes and levels of fishing.

These volumes record the presentations made at the VIII International Symposium on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Manheld at Indiana University, Bloomington, USA from May 22- May 27, 1994. This was a continuation of meetings held every three years with the idea of bringing clinicians and basic scientists together, which we hope results in cross-fertilization of ideas. Some of the papers presented in this volume represent oral contributions and others are from posters, but we emphasize that both are considered of equal merit. As is obvious from a perusal of the titles of the papers there has been a shift in the focus of this meeting, which reflects a general shift in the area of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The emphasis has definitely shifted to gene structure and molecular genetics, with the beginnings we hope of gene therapy as an important branch of this area of science. Although many of the inherited diseases discussed in this text can be treated with drugs, the major thrust in the futurewill be in gene therapy, where the gene (or cDNA) will be used to treat the patient with enzyme deficiency, particularly if the patient is young. As can be seen from the Iist of authors there is a remarkable degree of international cooperation in this area across countries and continents. We thank the many participants who have attended these symposia many times, and we welcome the large group of scientists from Eastern Europe who are attending this meeting for the first time.

In the first section of this volume, we have attempted to bring together some of the papers that reflect exciting new areas of development in relation to neuroendocrine investigation. Very recently, specific nucleotide recognition sequences for thyroid hormones, steroid hormones and the fundamental intracellular regulator, cyclic AMP, have been determined. In this section, the preliminary characterization and investigation of the nuclear binding proteins that mediate the actions of cAMP are described. Not only does this represent an important advance in cell biology, but it may represent a further level of alteration in control in normal and disease states. Intercellular pituitary'cross talk'is well described in the in vitro setting. The active molecules are clearly It is now important able to exert significant actions at the subnanomolar level. to design experiments in order to define the precise physiological relevance of these novel and potentially important observations. Paracrine and autocrine cellular interactions are of established importance in growth control in a variety of body tissues. But it is only very recently that the investigation of normal and abnormal anterior pituitary growth has reached the forefront of neuroendocrine research. This is perhaps surprising, beause the inhibitory effects of doapmine agonism on lactotroph growth and differentiation have been appreciated for some time. The anterior pituitary gland produces numerous growth factors that exert a variety of functional effects on pituitary hormone synthesis and release.

Analysis of multidirectional immunological responses at the tumor site allows forming a new concept of The Tumor Immunoenvironment, which is introduced and discussed in the present book with a particular focus on the role of immune cells in controlling the tumor microenvironment at different stages of cancer development. The main goal of this publication is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the complex and unique role of the immune system, tumor-associated inflammation and tumor-mediated immunomodulation in cancer progression in a way that allows understanding the logistics of cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor lesions.

One of the main attractions of research into hypersensitivity disorders is that it brings together scientists from a very broad range of disciplines. As the most common hu­ man immunologic disorder, it excites the interest and concern of clinicians, geneticists, basic and clinical immunologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, and physiologists. General agreement has been forged on the the pathophysiology of the disease and the mechanisms responsible for its maintenance, but many areas remain as black boxes for which we have only hypotheses. In 1992 Vienna hosted an international symposium to consider the explosion of in­ formation being generated by the identification, cloning, and expression of common envi­ ronmental allergens: The present second international conference on the MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF ALLERGENS AND THE ATOPIC IMMUNE RESPONSE, again jointly organized and co-chaired by Professors Alec Sehon (Winnipeg) and Dietrich Kraft (Vi­ enna), provided an exciting opportunity for many leaders in this field to share data, argue hypotheses and seek future opportunities to enlarge our understanding of these very com­ plex diseases. This symposium was co-sponsored by the International Union of Immu­ nological Societies (I. U. I. S.) and the International Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. It was held in the hospitable and comfortably elegant surroundings of Que­ bec City.

th th This volume comprizes articles presented at the joint IX International and 6 Euro­ pean Symposium on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man held in Gmunden, Austria, June 1 through 7, 1997. Since the first of this series of meetings was held in Israel in 1973, conventions were organized every three years in different parts of the world including the USA, Japan, and Europe. The different aspects of purine and pyrimidine metabolism bring together re­ searchers working in molecular genetics, biochemical pharmacology, biochemistry, devel­ opmental biology, immunology, epidemiology and the clinics. Oriented research in the field has been seminal for the development of potent anticancer and antiviral drugs. As the number of genes which are cloned, grows, the understanding of metabolism is increas­ ingly enlarged and might provide leads to further improve therapeutic concepts and to bet­ ter understand mechanisms responsible for the development of resistance against these drugs. In certain diseases purine and pyrimidine analogs represent not only the drugs of choice but in fact are the sole therapeutic alternative at present. The field has also taken an early lead in attempting to correct inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism by gene therapy. The organization of this meeting involved a large number of people who dedicated their time in an effort to make this symposium a success. We thank the Abstract Review Committee, the International Advisory Board and in particular the Symposium Secretariat for doing a wonderful job.

In situ hybridization has developed as a means of localizing specific DNA and RNA sequences within tissues. The great strength of this approach is the ability to relate the distribution of specific nucleic acids with cell structures and the protein products of the target gene by means of immunohistochemistry. Complementary DNA, RNA or oligonucleotide probes, suitably labelled, are hybridized to specific DNA or RNA targets within tissues. The spatial information thus obtained has contributed greatly to our understanding of such diverse areas of research as gene mapping, viral infection, cytogenetics, protein synthesis, prenatal diagnosis and tissue grafting. This book is not intended as another recipe book, although it does describe theoretical and practical aspects of the technology. Rather, the authors critically describe the contribution made by in situ hybridization to specific areas of medical research.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF CLIMATOLOGY The'Ettore Majorana Centre'for Scientific Culture, founded at Erice in 1963 by prof. Nino Zichichi, pursues the fundamental aim to create in Europe a cultural forum of high scientific standard, which can allow young research workers to appreciate current problems of major interest in the various fields of scientific research., Since the beginning, its International Schools (over 70, today) have actively worked in disseminating scientific culture produced at the most advanced frontiers of human knowledge, spanning varied domains from biology to nuclear physics, earth sciences, meteorology, architecture, medical sciences and so on, Recently, in 1979, the International School of Climatology has been created with the purpose to organize post-doctorate cour,;es, in which outstanding and up-to-date outlooks, theories and results in the climatic field must be presented in didactic form. Climatic variability was the subject of the first Course, in that climatic changes represent one of the most exciting phenomenologies to study; in fact, even if the climate has changed many times in the past, so making it reasonable to as­ sume that it will do so in the future, it is still not easy to understand the above mentioned changes from an hydrodynamical point of view.

Being up to Date: Status Quo and Trends of TreatmentFor those involved in the identification and management of patients with inborn errors of metabolism, this book is now recognised as the standard textbook in this interdisciplinary field. It has proved to be indispensable for professionals in specialities ranging from pediatrics, neonatology, pathological biochemistry and genetics to neurology, internal medicine, nursing, dietetics and psychology. This 5th edition has been extensively revised and updated.What´s new- Additional chapter focusing on inborn errors affecting adults, particularly the late neurological presentations- Numerous updates on diagnostic procedures and treatment- Newly discovered disorders.As with previous editions, the book opens with a section presenting the clinical approach to inborn metabolic diseases for those cases in which a diagnosis is being sought. This now includes a chapter on the clinical presentation of metabolic diseases in the older age range, using an analogous structure. If a particular diagnosis is already suspected, the reader may refer to the following sections of the book containing general chapters on diagnostic procedures and treatment, and on specific groups of disorders. As with earlier editions, the chapters have been written by authors who are internationally recognised experts on their subjects. They provide information in a clear, relevant and concise manner using a coherent structure.

The problems associated with the movement of water and solutes throughout the plant body have intrigued students of plants since Malpighi's conclusions in 1675 and 1679 that nutrient sap flows upward and downward in stems through vessels in both wood and bark. Steven Hale's ingenious experiments on the movement of water in plants in 1726 and Hartig's observations of sieve-tube exudation in the mid-19th century set the stage for continued intensive studies on long-range transport in plants. In spite of this interest for more than 200 years in the movement of solutes and water in plants, it has only been within the last 20 to 30 years that extensive research effort has been directed toward a critical evaluation of the interactions among the various cellular organelles. The important roles played by the exchange of metabolites in the control and regulation of cellular processes is now widely recognized, but in most instances poorly understood.

Autonomous robots may become our closest companions in the near future. While the technology for physically building such machines is already available today, a problem lies in the generation of the behavior for such complex machines. Nature proposes a solution: young children and higher animals learn to master their complex brain-body systems by playing. Can this be an option for robots? How can a machine be playful? The book provides answers by developing a general principle---homeokinesis, the dynamical symbiosis between brain, body, and environment---that is shown to drive robots to self- determined, individual development in a playful and obviously embodiment- related way: a dog-like robot starts playing with a barrier, eventually jumping or climbing over it; a snakebot develops coiling and jumping modes; humanoids develop climbing behaviors when fallen into a pit, or engage in wrestling-like scenarios when encountering an opponent. The book also develops guided self-organization, a new method that helps to make the playful machines fit for fulfilling tasks in the real world.The book provides two levels of presentation. Students and scientific researchers interested in the field of robotics, self-organization and dynamical systems theory may be satisfied by the in-depth mathematical analysis of the principle, the bootstrapping scenarios, and the emerging behaviors. But the book additionally comes with a robotics simulator inviting also the non- scientific reader to simply enjoy the fabulous world of playful machines by performing the numerous experiments.

Cancer gene therapy is a novel therapy that targets the underlying genetic defects in the cancer cell. Progress in this field has been rapid and gene therapy promises to further extend personalized cancer treatment. In this volume leading experts have contributed their experience in developing gene therapies for a variety of cancers. Translational gene therapy approaches are emphasized. Chapters include discussions of specific gene delivery technologies as well as their application to various cancers with extensive discussions of ongoing clinical trials. This information should be useful to both students, fellows, and experienced scientists with an interest in this rapidly developing area.

Stimulation of the immune system's ability to control and destroy tumors cont- ues to be the goal of cancer immune therapy; but the scope has rapidly expanded; approaches are constantly updated; new molecules are continually introduced; and immune mechanisms are becoming better understood. This book has no intention of covering every aspect of immune therapy but rather focuses on the novelty of cancer immune therapy in an attempt to give readers an opportunity to absorb the new aspects of immune therapy from a single source. In this regard, three areas were selected: cytokine immune therapy, cell-based immune therapy, and targeted immune therapy. In each of these three sections, only the novel aspects of immune therapy were described instead of attempting to cover any historical achievement. In the first section, Cytokine Immune Therapy, the IL12 family, IL18, IL21, IL24, IL28, and IL29 were emphasized in regard to the an- tumor function and application in treating tumors. Most of these selected cyt- ines were discovered in last 10 years. In the second section, Cell-based Immune Therapy, the focus was engineering potent immune regulatory or effector cells such as dendritic cells, T cells, and stem cells. Cell engineering design is primarily based on the increased understanding of the interaction of tumor antigen-presenting cells, antigen- specific effector cells, and the tumor microenvironment.

At the time of the first edition of Principles of Cancer Biotherapy in 1987, this book represented the first comprehensive textbook on biological therapy. In 1991, when the second edition was published, there was still some doubt on the part of many oncologists and cancer researchers as to the therapeutic value of these new approaches. By 2003 and the fourth edition, it was generally agreed that biopharmaceuticals were producing major opportunities for new cancer therapies. Cancer biotherapy has now truly matured into the fourth modality of cancer treatment. This fifth revised edition describes the tremendous progress that has been made in recent years using biologicals in cancer treatment. This book summarizes an evolving science and a rapidly changing medical practice in biotherapy. In this new millennium, it is now possible to envision a much more diversified system of cancer research and treatment that will afford greater opportunities for a patient's personalized cancer treatment. This was first envisioned in the 1987 initial edition of this textbook and is now a “new” and popular approach to cancer treatment. Some forms of cancer biotherapy use the strategy of tumor stabilization and control through continued biological therapy, akin to the use of insulin in the treatment of diabetes. This textbook illustrates new methods of thinking and new strategies for control of cancer. It is always difficult to move from past dogma to future opportunity, but this fifth edition of Principles of Cancer Biotherapy illustrates why it is so important to the patients for researchers and clinicians to explore and quickly apply these new opportunities in cancer biotherapy.

Twenty-five years after the disclosure of the telomeric DNA sequence and 22 years after the discovery of telomerase, it has become clear that telomeres and telomerase influence disease of human ageing including cancer. This book summarizes our current knowledge on the role of telomeres and telomerase in ageing, regeneration, and cancer with a special focus on ageing stem cells. Moreover, the book reviews current ef forts to target telomeres and telomerase for anticancer treatment or reg- erative therapies. 1. 1 Ageing The molecular analysis of ageing is an emerging research field that will have great impact on patients care, lifestyle, and on disease prevention in the human population worldwide. Major molecular mechanisms that influence the ageing process include (1) the accumulation of molecular damage affecting DNA and p- teins, (2) alterations in gene expression, including alterations in checkpoint responses, metabolic pathways, and developmental pathways, and (3) the decline in adult stem cell function. All these mechanisms lead to a decrease in organ main- nance and function, thus representing a major factor limiting the quality of life d- ing ageing. Moreover, the accumulation of molecular damage increases genetic alterations and the cancer risk during ageing. Indeed, increased age is the leading cause of cancer. Understanding the molecular basis of ageing will ultimately point to targets for novel therapies aiming to improve the function of cells and organs in the ageing organism, thus allowing increased vitality or what we think of as “healthy ageing.

Das Standardwerk der urologischen Onkologie endlich in Neuauflage! Die neue'Uroonkologie'ist noch besser geworden und bietet dem Leser alles, was er von einem modernen Lehrbuch erwarten darf. Sie ist vollständig und umfassend: alle erforderlichen Grundlagen für eine erfolgreiche Therapie (von Molekularbiologie über Studienplanung bis zu alternativen Therapieansätzen) sind berücksichtigt; der Schwerpunkt liegt auf einer ausführlichen Beschreibung von Diagnostik und Therapie aller urologischen Tumorerkrankungen. Aktuell: sämtliche Kapitel wurden intensiv überarbeitet bzw. neu verfasst und sind somit auf dem letzten Stand; alle wichtigen Studien wurden berücksichtigt. Praxisnah: eine klare Sprache, viele Tabellen und instruktive Abbildungen erleichtern die Wissensaufnahme; zahlreiche Therapieschemata sorgen für eine schnelle Orientierung und ermöglichen die direkte Umsetzung in die tägliche Praxis. Zuverlässig: anerkannte Experten aus ganz Deutschland stehen für maximale fachliche Kompetenz. Neu in der 4. Auflage: Rehabilitation bei Tumorpatienten; Notfälle in der Uroonkologie; Grundlagen der Palliativmedizin; Uroonkologie beim älteren Patienten.

Since the publication of the first edition sixteen years ago, Inborn Metabolic Diseases – Diagnosis and Treatment has become a classic textbook, indispensable for those involved in the care of children and adults with inborn errors of metabolism, including pediatricians, biochemists, die- th cians, neurologists, internists, geneticists, psychologists, nurses, and social workers. This new 4 edition has been extensively revised. An additional clinician, John Walter, has joined the three other editors, there is a new chapter on neonatal screening, including tandem MS/MS, and several new disorders have been included, for example defects involving the pentose phosphate pathway (polyol metabolism) and disorders of glucose transport. However, the focus of the book remains clinical, describing symptoms and signs at presentation, how to come to a diagnosis and methods for treatment. As with the previous edition, the book can be used in two main ways. If the diagnosis is not known the reader should first refer to Chapter 1. This chapter, which includes a number of algorithms and tables, lists the clinical findings under four main headings: the neonatal period and early infancy; acute presentation in late infancy and beyond; chronic and progressive disease; and specific organ involvement. In addition a list of important symptoms or signs can be found at the end of the chapter which then refers either to the text, a table, a figure, an algorithm, a list of disorders, or a combination of these.

th This volume contains articles presented at the X International Symposium on Purines and Pyrimidines in Man, held on May 14 19, 2000 in Tel Aviv, Israel. The first symposium in this series took place in Tel Aviv in 1973. Since then, the symposium has been held every three years in different parts of the world, including Europe, USA and Japan. The participants, in this series of symposia, are characterised by a wide interest in the various aspects of purines and pyrimidines in man, which include biochemistry, genetics, pharmacology, physiology, clinics, etc. Presentations in the symposia include clarification of metabolic pathways, characterisation of enzyme structure and kinetics and discoveries of new inborn errors of metabolism and suggestions for new therapeutic approaches for these inborn errors. In addition, development of new purine and pyrimidine derivatives for the treatment of cancer and viral diseases, and many more subjects of mutual interest were brought to the fore. With the development of therapeutic means and of new research tools, we have witnessed changes in the areas of interest. The interest in gout and uric acid urolithiasis has lessened, whereas molecular aspects, the role of purine and pyrimidine substances in neurotransmission and in purinergic signaling appear to gain greater interest. The articles, included in this volume, contain new data pertaining to the various aspects detailed above.