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Introduction. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized with a rapid progression of prevalence in last 3 decades, especially in countries with low and middle income. Next three decades this number of diabetes in the world is expected to be doubled. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of diabetes is the primary way to prevent and delay cardiovascular complications. Patients and methods. In this retrospective study, we used the data from National electronic system e-health which was performed in late 2014, wich gives us nearly precise data, and we made statistical analysis for diabetes in last 5 years (2015-2019). Results. In 2015 we have registered 103480 patients with DM, in 2016 108130 patients, in 2017 114408, in 2018 119999 and in 2019 124450 patients with DM. 95% of patients are with T2DM and 4, 1% with T1DM. According the data from State statistical office for population of Republic of Macedonia, the prevalence of T2DM for the years 2015-2019 is as follows: 5,66% in 2015, 6.13% In 2016, 6.55% I 2017, 7,06% in 2018 and 7,2% in 2019. Conclusions. The number of registered patients with diabetes in last 5 years has grown up for 20970 or 20%, in the last 5 years the number of patients with type 2 diabetes has grown up for 18272 patients or 11%. The prevalence of T2DM has increased for 1.54%. Involvement of primary health care professionals has improved the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

The translation and use of the term "public health" in the Republic of Macedonia creates confusions among students, professionals and the public. Its use and meaning in Macedonian language is associated more to the ownership over the healthcare system by the state, rather than to explain the primary goal and mission of public health to protect, promote and restore the health of the public. There is a need to clarify, change and standardize the use of this terminology in the Republic of Macedonia. Medical Faculty in Skopje should take leadership by introducing this change in the public health curriculum of the postgraduate studies.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze current scientific impact of Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Republic of Macedonia in the Scopus Database (1960-2014).Material and Methods: Affiliation search of the Scopus database was performed on November 23, 2014 in order to identify published papers from the Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje (UC&M), Republic of Macedonia. A total number of 3960 articles (3055 articles from UC&M, 861 articles from Faculty of Medicine, UC&M, and 144 articles from Faculty of Pharmacy, UC&M) were selected for analysis (1960-2014). SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) and h-index were calculated from the Scopus database.Results: The number of published papers was sharply increased with maximum of 379 papers in 2012 year. The largest number of papers has been published in Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, Journal of Molecular Structure, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Acta Pharmecutica, and Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. The biggest SJR and SNIP has journal Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. First three places of the top ten authors belong to Dimirovski GM, Gavrilovska L, and Gusev M. Top three places based on Scopus h-index (total number of published papers) belong to Kocarev L, Stafilov T, and Polenakovic M. The majority of papers originate from UC&M, but significant numbers of papers are affiliated to Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institute of Chemistry as a members of UC&M, as well as Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Articles are the most dominant type of documents followed by conference papers, and review articles. Medicine is the most represented subject. Conclusion: Officials of the Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje should undertake more effective and proactive policies for journal publishers and their Editorial Boards in order to include more journals from UC&M in the Scopus database.

We present English abstracts of MSc theses in Public Health (MScPH) defended in 2012 at the Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. English summaries are published as they are translated by authors and included in the final version of defended MScPH. Macedonian Medical Master of Science theses are deposited in the Central Medical Library and National and University Library “St. Kliment Ohridski” in Skopje.At the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje 17 MSc theses in Public Health there were defended in 2012, five of them are not deposited in the Central Medical Library. All deposited MScPH have abstracts in Macedonian and English language, with key words, mentors and co mentors. Editorial Board does not take any responsibility either for the content, nor the quality of the abstracts. Primary responsibility for the quality of the MSc theses belongs to the mentors, to the institutions they are representing, and to the Vice-Dean of science. Defended MScPH can be cited as they are published in this and in the previous reports.

We present abstracts of published papers in international journals deposited in PubMed. Search details were: ((Macedonia[Affiliation] NOT Greece[Affiliation]) NOT "Prilozi"[Journal]) AND ("2012/01/01"[PDAT] : "2012/12/31"[PDAT]), dated September 01, 2013. A total number of 88 papers were selected in PubMed during 2012 year, two of which were not from Republic of Macedonia (one from Greece and one from Kosovo) and were excluded.A total number of 86 papers are included in 2012 year in Pubmed from Republic of Macedonia from which one paper (Mile B, Valerija K, Krsto G, Ivan V, Ilir D, Nikola L. Doxycycline-rifampin versus doxycycline-rifampin-gentamicin in treatment of human brucellosis. Trop Doct. 2012 Jan;42(1):13-7.) was indexed with the names instead of surnames. Authors of this paper should contact Editoarial Board of the Journal Trop Doct in order to correct the errors. Six papers are deposited in the PubMed without abstracts.Editorial Board does not take any responsibility for neither the content, nor the quality of the abstracts.

We present English abstracts of MSc theses defended in 2012 at the Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. English summaries are published as they are translated by authors and included in the final version of defended MSc. Macedonian Medical Master of Science (MSc) theses are deposited in the Central Medical Library and National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski" in Skopje.At the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje 10 MSc theses there were defended in 2012, three of them without English abstract (30.0%): one from the University Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, one from the University Clinic of Pediatric Diseases, and one from University Clinic of Neurosurgery.Editorial Board does not take any responsibility either for the content, nor the quality of the abstracts. Primary responsibility for the quality of the MSc theses belongs to the mentors, to the institutions they are representing, and to the Vice-Dean of science.Defended MSc can be cited as they are published in this and in the previous reports.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze medical scientific papers in the Republic of Macedonia indexed in the Scopus database. Material and Methods: A search of the Scopus database was performed on February 23, 2013 in order to identify published papers from the field of medical sciences affiliated with the country Macedonia. A total number of 967 articles were selected for analysis and h-index was calculated from these documents. Results: The papers were published in a total of 160 journals. The largest number of papers has been published in domestic journals. Two scientists are top two with 59-65 published papers, the next group of eight scientists have published 25-44 papers, and the rest of the authors have published less than 25 papers, each. The published papers have been cited 4380 times (mean citation of 4.5 per paper) with the Hirsh index (h-index) of 27. Conclusion: An important factor for increasing the quality of the Macedonian medical journals is validation of the published papers in the journals indexed in the Scopus database by the Scientific Board of the Medical Faculty, which is associated with submission and/or defence of PhD theses. Such policy would trigger Editorial Boards of the Macedonian medical journals to improve the quality of their journals and include them in the Scopus database.

Background: Infection by the pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus results in significant pathology disease in many cases in different populations worldwide. The natural killer (NK) cells are among the major effectors important in early innate immune responses to viral infections, interacting with host cells through their activating or inhibiting receptors. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze Killer Ig-Like Receptor ( KIR ) gene polymorphisms in critically ill Macedonian patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection. Material and Methods: The studied sample consists of 63 critically ill Macedonian patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection. The population genetics analysis package, Arlequin, was used for analysis of the data. Results: We found that all 16 KIR genes were observed in the studied individuals and framework genes ( KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4, and KIR3DL2 ) were present in all individuals. The results of tested linkage disequilibrium (LD) among KIR genes demonstrated that KIR genes present a wide range of linkage disequilibrium. Comparison of KIR gene frequencies between critically ill H1N1/09 Macedonian patients and healthy subjects reveals statistically significant difference for frequency of KIR2DL1 (F=1 in the patients group, and 0.94 in the control group, p=0.045). Conclusion: We did not found any significant association of all 16 KIR genes or KIR genotypes with critically ill (H1N1)pdm09 Macedonian patients, except for the KIR2DL1 .

We present abstracts of published papers in international journals deposited in PubMed between 2011-01-01 and 2011-12-31 from the scientists affilited in institutions from the Republic of Macedonia[(Macedonia[Affiliation]) NOT [(Greece[Affiliation]) NOT (Prilozi[Jour])] (searched July 1, 2012). English summaries are published as they are deposited by PubMed.A total number of 86 papers were indexed in PubMed during 2011 year [77 papers from 2011 and 9 papers from 2012 (ahead of print)].Three papers (Gucev Z, Ristoska-Bojkovska N, Popovska-Jankovic K, Sukarova-Stefanovska E, Tasic V, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Efremov GD. Cystinuria AA (B): digenic inheritance with three mutations in two cystinuria genes. J Genet. 2011 Apr;90(1):157-9; Jakovski Z, Nikolova K, Jankova-Ajanovska R, Janeska B, Pojskic N, Marjanovic D. Allele frequencies of the new European Standard Set (ESS) loci plus SE33 locus in a population from the Republic of Macedonia. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2012 May;6(3):e90-2. Epub 2011 Jul 28; Tasic V, Lozanovski VJ, Gucev Z, Blau N, Cheong HI, Sayer JA. Failure to thrive and nephrolithiasis in a boy with congenital cyanotic heart anomaly. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Dec;26(12):2153-7. Epub 2011 Mar 1.) are without abstract.Editorial Board does not take any responsibility either for the content, nor the quality of the abstracts.

Silva S.T.G., Miranda Neto E.G., de Mendonça C.L., Carvalho C.C.D. &Afonso J.A.B. [Clinical-loboratory evaluation of monensin employment in prevention of lactic ruminal acidosis in goats]. Avaliação clinico-laboratorial do emprego da monensina sódica na prevenção da acidose láctica ruminal em caprinos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 35(1):76-84. 2013. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: stdetarso@hotmail.com The increase in technification and search for higher yields, increases the chances of errors in management, favoring the occurrence of disturbances such as acidosis lactic fermentation in the rumen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of monensin in the prevention of ruminal lactic acidosis induced in goats by the observation of clinical manifestations and hematological and biochemical parameters. They were induced acidosis by intra-ruminal administration of sucrose at a dose of 10 g / kg body weight at eight o’clock in the morning, before feeding rumen. The animals showed clinical signs such as apathy, appetite capricious, and bloat from 4h IP. There was a change in color of the ruminal fluid, becoming milky, but a significant decrease in rumen pH (p 0.05) Between groups. The monensin Offered daily for 40 days at a dose of 33mg/animal, did not Prevent the onset of rumen acidosis in goats lactis study and did not cause marked changes in hematologic and biochemical profile of these animals., O incremento na tecnificação e busca por maior produção, aumenta as chances de erros no manejo, favorecendo o acontecimento de distúrbios fermentativos como a acidose láctica ruminal.Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o uso da monensina sódica na prevenção da acidose láctica ruminal induzida em caprinos, através da observação das manifestações clínicas e dos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos. Os animais foram induzidos à acidose por meio da administração intra-ruminal de sacarose na dose de 10g/kg de peso vivo, às oito horas da manhã, antes da alimentação matinal, sendo feitas coletas às 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 32h, 48h, 72h após a indução. Os animais apresentaram sinais clínicos como apatia, apetite caprichoso e timpanismo a partir da 4h PI. Houve mudança na cor do fluído ruminal, tornando-se leitosa, além de uma diminuição significativa do pH ruminal (p0,05) entre os grupos. A monensina sódica oferecida diariamente, durante 40 dias, na dose de 33mg/animal, não previne o desencadeamento da acidose láctea ruminal nos caprinos deste estudo e não provocou alterações marcantes no perfil hematológico e bioquímico desses animais.

We present English abstracts of PhD theses defended in 2011 at the Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. English summaries are published as they are translated by authors and included in the final version of defended PhD. Macedonian Medical Doctor of Phylosophy (PhD) theses are deposited in the Central Medical Library and National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski" in Skopje.At the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje 22 PhD theses there were defended in 2011, two of them wihout English abstract (9.09%): one from the Institute for Forensic Medicine and one from the University Clinic of Urology. Nine PhDs are without Key words (40.91%), and most of them (12) are with structured abstracts (54.5%).Editorial Board does not take any responsibility either for the content, nor the quality of the abstracts.Primary responsibility for the quality of the PhD theses belongs to the mentors, to the institutions they are representing, and to the Vice-Dean of science. They should be more actively involved in the preparation of Doctor of Phylosophy theses in order international standards to be achieved.Defended PhDs can be cited as tey are published in this and in previous reports.

We present English abstracts of MSc theses in Public Health defended in 2007-2010 at the Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. English summaries are published as they are translated by authors and included in the final version of defended MSc. Macedonian Medical Master of Science (MSc) theses are deposited in the Central Medical Library and National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski" in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.At the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje 26 MSc theses were defended in 2007-2010, 8 MSc are without abstarcts (30.8%) and 13 MSc are without Key words (50.0%).Editorial Board does not take any responsibility either for the content, nor the quality of the abstracts. We have to repeat that primary responsibility for the quality of the MSc theses belongs to the mentors, to the institutions they are representing, to the Vice-Dean of science, and to Reponsible person for MSc in Public Health. All of them should be more actively involved in the preparation of Master of Science theses in Public Health in order international standards to be achieved.

Scheffer J.P., Atallah F.A., Gomes C., Estupañan O.F.T., Silva S.J.Q., Silva T.I.R., Vale D.F. & Oliveira A.L.A. [Reconstructive surgery in traumatic wound care in small animals]. Cirurgia reconstrutiva no tratamento de feridas traumáticas em pequenos animais. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 35(Supl. 1):70-78, 2013. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque California, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brasil. Email: jussarapeters@yahoo.com.br The term reconstructive surgery, refers to using techniques of tissue reconstruction, like grafts, flaps, to correct traumatic skin defects, when primary closure is not possible due to excess tension. The grafts can be done as a lot of shapes, or just using relieving tension sutures. The retails can be done as axial patterns or as the pad pattern, though the first been the most efficient. Independently of the technique used, some pre and post operatory care must be taken, to sure the surgical success, like a soundly, non traumatic, avoiding surgical tension, distortion, hematomas, retail infection and flap circulatory compromise. At the time of the surgical technique choice, should be taken into account the wound area, location, tension lines, skin avalilability and surgeons preference. The use of cadavers for the study and development of anaplasty technique is indicated, since the main factor for flap necrosis is the error in the surgical option. Surgical oncology demands imagination, skills, good anatomy knowledge. Reconstructive surgery has been routinely used in Veterinary Medicine, for its use in returning the tissue function and acceptable esthetics., O termo cirurgia reconstrutiva, refere-se a utilização de técnicas de reconstrução tecidual, como flaps, enxertos, na correção de defeitos de pele traumáticos, quando fechamento primário não é possível devido ao excesso de tensão. São varias as técnicas de cirurgia reconstrutiva, como enxertos e retalhos cutâneos, ou somente a utilização de suturas para alivio de tensão ou incisões de relaxamento. Os enxertos podem ser realizados em forma de malha, lâminas, enxertos por punção ou porpinçamento, em tiras ou enxertos de coxins. Já os retalhos podem ser retalhos de padrão axial, sendo o mais eficiente, retalhos de avanço, transposição e rotacionais. Independente da técnica utilizada, alguns cuidados no pré e pós operatório são necessários para garantir o sucesso do procedimento, como por exemplo, a utilização de técnica cirúrgica meticulosa e atraumática, com bom planejamento, evitando complicações como excesso de tensão, hematomas, infecção do retalho e comprometimento circulatório. No momento da escolha da técnica a ser utilizada, deve-se levar em conta localização da ferida, tamanho, as linhas de tensão, disponibilidade de pele e principalmente a preferência e experiência do cirurgião quanto à técnica a ser utilizada. A utilização de cadáveres para estudo e aprimoramento das técnicas de anaplastia é indicada, pois a principal causa de necrose do retalho ou enxerto é o erro na utilização das técnicas. Cirurgia reconstrutiva exige que o cirurgião seja flexível, tenha boa imaginação, além de compreensão da anatomia vascular, tornando-se possível a escolha da técnica a ser aplicada, por isso é importante o correto posicionamento do animal, tricotomia bem ampla e experiência profissional. Cirurgia reconstrutiva está sendo cada dia mais utilizada na medicina veterinária, por serem uteis na reconstrução tecidual devolvendo a funcionalidade e mantendo um aspecto estético aceitável.