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Analysing Albert Smith's and Charley Dickens's 1858 and 1860 trips to the sites of the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the article suggests that the experience of war, especially of wars fought abroad, is characterised by affective unease and epistemological breakdowns. Smith and Dickens enact war tourism in Hong Kong, Canton and Shanghai as they perform incongruous and tone-deaf cross-cultural relations in a 'theatre of war'. Similarly, contemporary novels reveal the complicated entanglements of the Sino-British (opium) relationship as writers try to make sense of a world in which cultural contact is fraught with violence and cognition is brought to its limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-1918 literature has played a major part in determining the way the First World War has been remembered in the British national consciousness. The post-war literary boom in the late 1920s and early 1930s has shaped many impressions of the war, allowing images of the Western Front to dominate memory. This article, however, explores alternative ways that post-war literature has commemorated the war, beginning with the Armistice, to track the significance of memory in Britain in the immediate post-war decades. My concern here is the focus on memory in non-war fiction and some memoir: those stories written in the inter-war decades that do not look backwards, but instead deal with the aftermath, By considering the fiction of writers such as Irene Rathbone, Virginia Woolf, Dorothy L. Sayers and Winifred Holtby as they engage with the complex issues surrounding how to remember, I will examine whether these writers, as women, endorsed the culture of disillusionment or offered alternative modes of remembrance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the culture of print and polemic associated with the Cromwellian invasion of Scotland and the resistance of the Church of Scotland. It argues that print solidified Parliamentary ideas during the invasion but that it did not continue to do so after English dominance had been established. These texts illustrate the divisions between the mentalité of the Cromwellian rank-and-file and that of the rather small and probably unrepresentative body of opinion formers who sought to control and represent it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural phenomenology of the 1930s and 1940s emphasized British history as the slow accumulation of centuries of civilization, which was about to be swept away by fascism and Nazism. Anxiety about this temporal rupture informs Storm Jameson's Cloudless May, which is set in France on the cusp of the armistice. This article argues that the novel is as much about wartime in France as it is about wartime in Britain. Through affective, embodied timescapes and landscapes, it reaches out to a British readership at a time when the relationship between the two countries was at an uncertain and trying standstill. Portraying an internationalized regional consciousness, Jameson reconciles geopolitical and artistic concerns to fashion together a form of politically-engaged, experimental writing in the late modernism of the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at British short stories of and about the First World War, written and published between 1914 and 1939. Drawing on a corpus of over 400 stories, the authors discuss the short story's merit as a contribution to the cultural history of the Great War. Short stories document the war and its perception in small fragments, addressing everyday concerns, interests and anxieties of those who experienced the conflict at first hand, whether as civilians on the home front or combatants in one of the many theatres of war: land, air and sea, France, Belgium or the Middle East. While memoirs and novels established themselves as the main genres for the depiction of the war's long-term effects, and poetry as the major medium of its commemoration, the short story offers a glimpse into the immediate experience of the war, a snapshot of the moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the content of Canadian mass-market magazines "Chatelaine," and "Canadian Home Journal," and offers an analysis of the short story "Lady Going West." The author comments of the relation of these literature with the Second World War. The author opines on the role of the literature in constructing femininity during the war and in presenting Canada as national entity within an international community. The author emphasizes Canada's relationship with Great Britain.

With the end of the Spanish Civil War in the spring of 1939 and the outbreak of the Second World War the following September, the nation that many antifascist Germans identified as their ideological utopia — France — turned against them. After France's declaration of war on Germany in September 1939, all Germans living in France became 'enemies of the French state' and were forced to report to internment camps. Drawing on a variety of archival and published documents — poems, plays, novels, personal memoirs, posters and camp reports — produced by German antifascists who were interned in French internment camps in 1939-40, this study examines how imprisonment in France affected the German antifascist concept of France and the political ideals it represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This presentation explores how contemplative practices, especially those anchored in an active listening to silence, are integrated into creative writing courses. It pays particular attention to a course taught at the United States Military Academy at West Point and to a course on the poetry of war and peace taught at the University of Connecticut. The presentation includes not only excerpts from student writing during the courses but also ongoing correspondence with students as they have maintained meditation practices during their military service in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature on civil war onset, several empirical results are not robust or replicable across studies. Studies use different definitions of civil war and analyze different time periods, so readers cannot easily determine if differences in empirical results are due to those factors or if most empirical results are just not robust. The authors apply a methodology for organized specification tests to check the robustness of empirical results. They isolate causes of variation in empirical results by using the same definition of civil war and analyzing the same time period while systematically exploring the sensitivity of eighty-eight variables used to explain civil war in the literature. Several relationships with the onset of civil wars prove robust: large population and low income levels, low rates of economic growth, recent political instability and inconsistent democratic institutions, small military establishments and rough terrain, and war-prone and undemocratic neighbors. Variables representing ethnic difference in the population are robust only in relation to lower level armed conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the literary works of French author Louis Aragon. Representation of the author's experiences of the Second World War in his prose writings; Desire of the author to ensure remembrance of those who died in the war; Examples of the author's writings.

The purpose of this article is to describe and explain one important component of mid-nineteenth century British opinion on war and peace. The main avenues of inquiry are provided by the principles of utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham and, in particular, the ways in which these were employed, modified and in some respects abandoned by one of Bentham's followers, Thomas Perronet Thompson. The activities of Thompson during the 1840s and 1850s can be usefully explored alongside those of another Benthamite, John Bowring. Thompson and Bowring worked closely together on many issues. Their contribution to various organizations, debates and campaigns is analysed, and their outlook compared with that of other figures, notably Richard Cobden. Britain's suspicion of France and wars against Russia and China provides useful case studies, illustrating the clash of ideas and the priorities that shaped policy and discussion. Thompson stayed closer to the Benthamite foundation than did Bowring, and the activities of both men offer valuable insights into the internal divisions and external pressures that plagued movements for peace and reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Balkan wars (1912–13) represent, together, the first total war of the Ottoman state. During this conflict, the Ottomans endeavoured to enlist all its citizens into the war effort. The aim of this study is twofold. First, to explore Ottoman propaganda and the set of symbols it employed to promote patriotism and cohesion among soldiers and civilians. Second, by using memoirs written by army officers, contemporary press articles, literature produced by and for non-Muslims, theatre plays, etc., it will dwell upon the responses from below to this propaganda, and the reactions of the different groups inside Ottoman society to the mobilization, to the war and to the military disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the anti-war views of several Vietnamese poets and writers. Reasons why Vietnamese writers and thinkers did not openly protest as Hanoi's Communist leaders squandered three generations of precious human capital on a succession of wars; Details of the humanist literature movement; Imprisonment of poet Hoang Cam for his works.

Describes the broadsheets published by 'The Times' in 1915. Insights from the publications; Introduction of a series of broadsheets by Sir Walter Raleigh for the use of soldiers and sailors on active service; Effects of literature passages on soldiers; Design for voluntary groups supporting the armed forces.

The article focuses on the relationship between poetry and soldiers. The contemporary poetry in the United States continues to draw on war for its themes, figures, and forms, poets and soldiers tend to perceive themselves at a pronounced remove. The relationship of poetry with wars is still very much alive at the beginning of the twenty-first century, because there was no shortage of wars about which to write, yet the once intertwined existence of soldier and poet, which perhaps reached its apex in the composite soldier-poet of World War I has been replaced by diffidence, curiosity, and even distrust.

The article discusses information on the prisoners of war (POW) of the America armed forces in the U.S. It cites that POW has been briefly covered with the military career and offers a complete presentation on the difficulties found in the country's POW literature. Moreover, it deals with psychological pressures on the prisoners resistance to the accommodation and responses. In addition, the difficult aspect of POW's history is the intriguing perspectives on different foundation of the war in the history.

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In this article, the author observes that it is not possible to confine the boundaries of the process of education. A brief on the literature of the period between 1946 to 1948 has been provided. What also provides details about the cold war period are various principles and recommendations that educational psychologists have given to study the education process. A major focus of the Educational Foundations project at Teacher's College, Columbia University has been the peculiar features of a democratic personality. The most important research on this democratic education process has been by the University of Miami, Florida. It has been explained in detail.

This article examines the importance of literature in school instruction in the U.S. With the imminence of war as an added force in 1940, the Committee on International Relations of the National Council of Teachers and English explored the possibilities of literature as a means of sustaining peace, brotherhood, and democracy. Faced with the reality of war two years later, the Basic Aims Committee of the National Council of Teachers of English defined the purposes that literature should serve in time of conflict by way of enriching personal living, deepening understanding of social relationships, illuminating the contemporary scene, developing insight into the American attitude of minds and conditions of life, and promoting national unity.

Comments on the ideological relationship between history and fiction. Representation of war across a range of historical periods and in a variety of geographical locations; Inspirational extracts from fiction, accounts of earlier battles or visions of home; Relationship between literature and history in the context of human activity.