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The article includes a systematic review of therapeutic interventions being used to improve mental health of males and females incarcerated in U.S. jails and prisons. Using pertinent keywords, we searched the following databases: SocINDEX, CINAHL Complete, Medline Complete, PsychINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text for studies published between 2010 and 2021. The initial search yielded 9,622 articles. After screening, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Review indicated use of a diverse range of interventions to address mental health outcomes including, but not limited to, PTSD, depression, and anxiety. A few studies did not focus on specific mental health outcomes, but rather on behavioral outcomes such as distress, affect, mood, time spent in the hospital, number of acts of self-injury, competency restoration, and wellbeing of the participants. The review includes implications for future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia lags behind other linguistic and culturally diverse countries in policy direction and approaches to early multilingual education, despite well-established research documenting the intellectual, linguistic, sociocultural, familial and economic benefits of multilingualism in the early years. This is evidenced by the absence of a national policy framework that addresses early multilingual education in Australia, and the relatively limited attention given to research on the role of early childhood education in supporting and extending children's home languages. Within this context, using data from a larger study on early multilingual education, this article builds on empirical data from interviews with four educators representing two early childhood education settings. This article aims to examine the educators' perspectives of their settings' policy and practice, in the absence of broader curriculum frameworks, regarding their role in extending children's home languages. Despite this policy gap, the authors explore how these settings facilitated the diverse linguistic and cultural assets of children and families by supporting and extending children's home languages. Drawing on Bourdieu's framework of social practice, they examine various pedagogical approaches implemented at the settings that validated children's multilingualism, and explore the range of opportunities afforded to multilingual children in using their home languages at the settings. The findings reveal that despite the educators' well-developed understandings of the benefits of early multilingualism, there is some confusion regarding appropriate pedagogical approaches for multilingual support in early childhood education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the link between parent-emerging adult relationship quality and emerging adult physical health outcomes. In addition, mediators and moderators of these links were explored. The sample consisted of 869 college students (ages 18–25 years) who completed online anonymous surveys. Results indicated that high levels of parent-emerging adult openness were significantly related to low levels of emerging adult health problems. In addition, parental involvement was negatively and significantly related to emerging adult body mass index and health problems. Mediation analyses conducted through structural equation modeling demonstrated that parent-emerging adult relationship quality was indirectly (but not directly) related to youth health outcomes via emerging adult internalizing symptoms (but not via emotion regulation). Moreover, there was no evidence for significant gender differences, therefore the overall pattern of findings were similar for women and men. Implications for interventions focusing on parent-emerging adult relationships and emotion regulation were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 30 years of continuing empirical research on status inconsistency (SI) do no permit a final conclusion regarding the empirical tenability of this body of theory This is unmanly due to the fact that the empirical research done so far cannot be regarded as a representative or complete counterpart of the whole body of status Inconsistency theory In particular the relational concepts elaborated by Johan Galtung have not been exposed to empirical tests yet Based on a representative probability sample of n = 1 717 adolescents attending 7th and 9th grades of secondary school the present paper provides a multi level analysis regarding aggression and social conflict as predicted by some of Galtung's individual level and aggregate level rank concepts respectively First rank incongruence is shown to be a source of conflict in the friendship dyad. Secondly, the empirical analysis yields strong evidence in favour of both the criss-cross and rank disequilibrium hypothesis As expected the lack of criss-cross turns out to be a structural determinant of aggression The conflict preventing function of criss-crass is discussed and the degree of rank disagreement is suggested to be a structural characteristic that may modify this conflict preventing `unction of cuss cross Thirdly rank disequilibrium is shown to be another major source of aggression and conflict, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims : To investigate associations between CVD risk factors and socio-economic status (SES) in middle-age men during a period of economic changes. Methods : Crossectional surveys at age 37, 40 and 43 in a birth cohort of men in Helsingborg, Sweden. All male residents born 1953-4 (n=1460) were invited; participation rates were 68% (n=991) at baseline. Of these enrolled, 78% (n=770) were re-examined after three years and 71% (n=702) again after six years follow-up. Main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), S-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), smoking and leisure time physical activity (LTPA), education, employment, ethnicity. Results : Baseline unemployment rate was low, n=23 (2.4%), but three and six years later it had increased to 61 (8.2%) and 51 (7.5%) respectively. At baseline, BMI and S-cholesterol were significantly higher in unemployed than in employed men (ΔBMI 1.6 kg/m 2 , CI: 0.2; 2.9, Δ S-cholesterol 0.6 mmol/L, CI: 0.1; 1.0), and in men with short versus long education (Δ BMI 0.9 kg/m 2 , CI: 0.4; 1.4, Δ S-cholesterol 0.2 mmol/L, CI: 0.03: 0.4), independent of other SES factors. Over the study period crossectional associations with employment status disappeared for BMI, but remained between short education and BMI. Short education was also associated with a significant increase in BMI (Δ=0.4 kg/m 2 , CI: 0.1; 0.7) during 6-year follow-up. Conclusions : This study shows that associations between unemployment and CVD risk factors were lost when unemployment rates increased. When the attributable risk of unemployment associated with CVD risk factors is estimated, it is vital to consider the general unemployment rates in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships with parents and friends may work together to increase the risk of adjustment problems in emerging adulthood. However, it is still undetermined if social relationships act in an additive (i.e., serve as unique predictors) or moderating (i.e., interact with other predictors) fashion. In a cross-sectional sample of 859 female college students (M age = 19.53, SD = 1.49; 73.9% White) from a large university in the south-central United States, we assessed how parents and best friends impact emerging adult internalizing symptoms, risky behavior, and health problems. We found that low levels of best friend risky behavior attenuated the links between father-emerging adult relationship quality and risky behavior and internalizing symptoms, and high levels of father-emerging adult relationship quality magnified the association between mother-emerging adult relations and internalizing symptoms. Ultimately, these results indicate that relationships with parents and friends served as additive or unique predictors of emerging adult health and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative technology that is rapidly gaining popularity in and out of the classroom. With improvements in hardware and software technology and the push for one-to-one computing, teachers have access to innovative VR supports and resources. These innovative technologies have the potential to improve instruction for diverse learners in today's classroom, particularly students with identified disabilities. VR, as an interactive and visual tool, provides teachers with the ability to support and enhance traditional classroom materials for students, particularly those with disabilities. However, teacher time is often compromised and finding new technology can be daunting. This article intends to assist educators in utilizing VR in the classroom, with minimal effort and money. Using a detailed vignette, we guide the reader through a detailed example of how VR apps can be located and implemented for students with disabilities who struggle with motivation and engagement through experiential learning. Finally, we offer additional apps and their delivery devices as a starting point for teachers to begin creating more immersive and interactive content through VR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic adolescents and emerging adults experience high rates of mental health conditions—a risk factor for hospitalization. Using nationally representative data from the 2016 HCUP KID, we estimated the prevalence and costs of mental health–related hospitalizations for autistic adolescents and emerging adults in the United States. Hospital discharges for ages 10–20 years (n = 1,346,849) were analyzed using survey-adjusted logistic regression and general linear modeling. Mental health–related hospitalizations among autistic young people (n = 14,368) were mostly for neurodevelopmental, disruptive, depressive, and bipolar disorders. Mental health–related hospitalizations were almost 11 times more likely (OR = 10.98, 95% CI = 10.00–12.00) for autistic youth compared youth with complex and chronic conditions, and two times (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.88–2.19) more likely compared to population controls. Predicted mean service delivery costs of mental health–related hospitalizations for autistic adolescents and emerging adults were US$7,401.23 per stay, resulting in US$106 million in estimated total service delivery costs in 2016. Mental health–related hospitalizations can indicate poor quality care, be traumatic, and increase suicide risk. Community mental health care for autistic young people is needed. Autistic young people are more likely to have mental health conditions, like depression and bipolar disorder, than people without autism. These mental health issues sometimes lead to hospitalizations, which can be expensive and traumatic. Because of this, we wanted to understand mental health–related hospitalizations among autistic young people aged 10–20. We found that the main mental health reasons for the hospitalization of autistic young people were neurodevelopmental, disruptive, depressive, and bipolar disorders. These hospitalizations cost an average of US$7401.23 per stay, for a total of US$106 million in service delivery costs in 2016. Mental health–related hospitalizations were compared between young people with autism, young people with complex and chronic conditions, and young people with no chronic conditions. Autistic young people were almost 11 times more likely to be hospitalized for mental health reasons than young people with complex and chronic conditions, and two times more likely than young people with no complex and chronic conditions. We believe the United States needs better community-based mental health care for young people with autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although evidence-based practices for improving academic engagement for students with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (EBD) have been identified, many teachers do not implement these practices with optimal fidelity. Thus, effective strategies are needed to improve teacher fidelity. Performance feedback is an effective professional development strategy, but it is unclear whether ancillary strategies like goal setting might further improve fidelity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of email performance feedback with and without goal setting on teacher implementation of opportunities to respond and behavior-specific praise using a multiple probe design. Participants were four general and special educators at a U.S. alternative school for students with EBD. Results indicated that a combination of written performance feedback and goal setting was effective, and that performance feedback alone was also effective. We were unable to determine whether the goal-setting component strengthened the performance feedback. Teachers provided positive feedback about the utility and feasibility of performance feedback with goal setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common knee injury among athletes and physically active adults. Despite surgical reconstruction and extensive rehabilitation, reinjuries are common and disability levels are high, even years after therapy and return to activity. Prolonged knee dysfunction may result in part from unresolved neuromuscular deficits of the surrounding joint musculature in response to injury. Indeed, "upstream" neurological adaptations occurring after injury may explain these persistent functional deficits. Despite evidence for injury consequences extending beyond the joint to the nervous system, the link between neurophysiological impairments and patient-reported measures of knee function remains unclear. Hypothesis: Patterns of brain activation for knee control are related to measures of patient-reported knee function in individuals after ACL reconstruction (ACL-R). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, participants with unilateral ACL-R (n = 25; 10 men, 15 women) underwent task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging testing. Participants performed repeated cycles of open-chain knee flexion/extension. Neural activation patterns during the movement task were quantified using blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) signals. Regions of interest were generated using the Juelich Histological Brain Atlas. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine the relationship between mean BOLD signal within each brain region and self-reported knee function level, as measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee index. Partial correlations were also calculated after controlling for time from surgery and sex. Results: Patient-reported knee function was positively and moderately correlated with the ipsilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (r = 0.57, P = 0.005) and the ipsilateral supplementary motor area (r = 0.51, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Increased ipsilateral secondary sensorimotor cortical activity is related to higher perceived knee function. Clinical Relevance: Central nervous system mechanisms for knee control are related to subjective levels of knee function after ACL-R. Increased neural activity may reflect central neuroplastic strategies to preserve knee functionality after traumatic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital commons support novel organizational models such as cosmolocalism and open cooperativism that seek to challenge the capitalist mode of production. They set out to establish a counter-hegemony vis-à-vis the current hegemony of neoliberalism. The paper engages in the debate between Marinus Ossewaarde, Wessel Reijers and Vasilis Kostakis over the emancipatory potential of the digital commons by reviewing the P2P Lab and Tzoumakers as illustrative cases of cosmolocalism and open cooperativism. The paper shows that the P2P Lab and Tzoumakers exhibit core features of cosmolocalism and prefigure a sketch of open cooperativism. For the digital commons in general and P2P Lab/Tzoumakers in particular to contribute to the counter-hegemony of open cooperativism, it is necessary to link to a chain of equivalence criss-crossing the commons, ethical market entities and a partner state via cross-sectoral value propositions, inclusive governance, and economic models, innovative law policies and open sustainability standards, all aiming to force capitalism adjust to a commons-oriented post-capitalist transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We often fall victim of an illusory sense of control and agency over our thoughts and actions. Magicians are masters at exploiting these illusions, and forcing techniques provide a powerful way to study apparent action causation—the illusion that our action caused the outcome we get. In this article, we used the Criss-Cross force to study whether people can tell the difference between an action which had an impact on the outcome they get and one which has no impact. In the Criss-Cross force, participants are asked to cut to a card, and while they are genuinely free to cut the cards at any position, the cut does not affect the card they are given (i.e., they always get the top card). We investigate the psychological processes that underpin the success of this force. Experiment 1 (N = 60) showed that participants cannot tell the difference between a forced and a controlled outcome. Experiment 2 (N = 90) showed that contrary to common magicians' knowledge, misdirection does not play a role in the success of the force. Finally, Experiment 3 (N = 60) suggests that rather than misdirection, an attribute substitution error explains why people fail to understand that their action does not have an impact on the outcome they get. Debriefing also shows the importance of participants' expectations in the perception of the trick, as well as the role of prediction of the outcome in participants' sense of agency over the events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentoring underrepresented students in aging research during the COVID-19 pandemic affords many opportunities for innovation and learning, for both students and program leaders. Here, we describe lessons learned from an Advancing Diversity in Aging Research (ADAR) program at a women-centered, minority-serving undergraduate institution. We share program elements and assessment results related to scholars' education in aging, support through community-building and mentorship, and research experiences in gerosciences. Notably, we highlight lessons learned for retaining and training undergraduate students as graduate school-ready researchers: 1) draw students into a community focused on social justice, 2) show students that geroscience is inclusive and integrative, 3) model professionalism with flexibility, 4) keep open lines of communication, and 5) build a team of mentors around each scholar. By sharing insights from our community of practice in geroscience research and education, we hope to model best practices for URM student support in aging research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does it mean to find echoes of an innovatory moment in the past, or a discipline’s cutting edge in another’s worn down tool, or people in different fields quite unknown to one another following a similar intellectual trajectory over the same three or four years? A short case study of what looks uncannily like ‘independent invention’ is prefaced by reflections on replicatory practice in the social sciences. Some US sociological theorizing on the workings of fractal distinctions within disciplines, specifically across many foundational arguments in social science, finds a counterpart in UK anthropological theorizing on scale and replication in social phenomena at large. The conjunction is amusing; it could well be instructive. In any event, there is a challenge here to comparisons across disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

New parabanate products containing 1, 3, 5, 7-tetraazabicyclo[3, 3, 0]octane-2, 6-dione are described. The synthesis of αω-diisocyanato-telechelics starting from two diisocyanates having a preformed parabanic unit using a [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction was studied. The obtained products were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses and solubility tests. The proposed structure was confirmed by analytical data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Retrieval results in both costs and benefits to episodic memory. Output interference (OI) refers to the finding that episodic memory accuracy decreases with increasing test trials. Release from OI is the restoration of original accuracy at some point during the test. For example, a release from OI in recognition memory testing occurs when the semantic similarity between stimuli decreases midway through testing, suggesting that item representations stored on early trials cause interference on tests occurring on later trials to the extent that the earlier items share features with the latter items. In two recognition memory experiments, we demonstrate release from OI for words and faces. We also test whether release from OI is the result of interference or is due to a boost in attention caused by reorienting to a novel stimulus type. A test for the foils presented during the initial test list supports the interference account of OI. Implications for models of memory are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of our study was to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties, namely tensile and bending strength of natural fibre composites. Natural fibre composites are composites consisting of fibres made from plants and animals. The natural fibre chosen for this study was Tampico fibre. The moulds were made according to ASTM D638 and D790 standards for both tensile and bending specimens. The first set of composites were arranged in three different orientations namely uniaxial, biaxial and criss-cross. The moulds were prepared using the hand-lay-up technique. These fibres were combined with Epoxy LY-556 pitch and Hardener HY-951 in a specific proportion to make the composite. The second set of composites included an additional variant in the form of biaxial E-glass fibres of 270GSM density, to compare the differences in the mechanical strength. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were performed on the specimen to understand the lattice structure and prevalent bonds formed within the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the requirement that teachers implement evidence-based instruction in their classrooms, a significant research-to-practice gap persists. Far too often, teachers resort to quick fixes found through online searches or rely on conventional wisdom to make instructional decisions. This is no surprise as identifying evidence-based interventions can be time-consuming, overwhelming, and confusing. Indeed, claims of practices being evidence based are ubiquitous, even for practices that clearly lack evidence to support their efficacy. In addition, once an evidence-based practice is selected, the process for implementing it and evaluating its effectiveness can be an additional challenge. The purposes of this article are to distinguish between an evidence-based practice as an instructional strategy and evidence-based education as a problem-solving process and to assist teachers in identifying, implementing, and evaluating evidence-based practices in their classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This case study describes the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (MA-CORD) health marketing campaign, examines the strategies used in such campaigns, and offers lessons learned to improve health marketing for future interventions. MA-CORD Health Marketing Components and Implementation. The three main components were an outdoor printed advertisement and texting campaign, social media with a focus on Facebook, and the Summer Passport Program, an event-based initiative in parks for children. The advertisements consisted of billboards, bus advertisements, and handouts. The text messaging component, which required families to actively text a keyword to join, had a low opt-in rate. Facebook page "likes" increased from 1,024 to 1,453 in New Bedford and from 175 to 1,091 in Fitchburg. Fitchburg received technical assistance and paid for ads on Facebook. The Summer Passport participation in parks ranged from 120 to 875 children with participation in the free park lunch program doubling in Fitchburg. Discussion. Key lessons learned are engage communication experts from each community at the beginning of the project, use text messaging components with in-person staff onsite to assist participants in the opt-in process, build momentum for a Facebook presence through purchasing Facebook advertisements, and partner with local park departments for programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With sport becoming increasingly mediatized in the global arena that further criss-crosses with the promotion of globalization and Western discourses surrounding manhood and identities, there has been, in contemporary China, a rise of alternate theorizations of masculinities that deviate from hegemonic masculine practices surrounding 'wen' (文) and 'wu' (武) as well as Maoist ideologies. While such accounts, focusing on demonstrating individuality and individualization, cultivating entrepreneurial spirit and possessing wealth, career success and conspicuous consumption, advocate for a greater understanding of masculinities that call for the diversity and fluidity of Chinese gender roles and male identities, there has also been a revival of traditional masculine ideologies associated with the Chinese Dream, a doctrine established and conveyed by President Xi Jinping, which seeks to highlight China's quest for modernization and national power while placing 'wu' masculine values and culture at the forefront of its agenda. Against such a backdrop, this article, drawing on interviews with and observations of male badminton athletes from Mainland Chinese provincial professional and university teams, argues that, in contemporary China, both traditional and newly emerged masculine values and endeavours are integral to the theorization of masculinities of Chinese men, which are contended to be multiple, pluralized and individualized. With a dearth of academic literature that focuses on the co-presence of and inter-relationships between traditional and new masculinities which are embodied by modern Chinese men, this paper contributes renewed theoretical insights into how the various forms of masculinities coexist, intermix and, ultimately, negotiate with one another to reconstruct Chinese contemporary masculinities, in line with the gender order and hierarchy so upheld within China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance in episodic memory is determined both by accurate retrieval from memory and by decision processes. A substantial body of literature suggests slightly poorer episodic memory accuracy for older than younger adults; however, age-related changes in the decision mechanisms in memory have received much less attention. Response bias, the willingness to endorse an item as remembered, is an important decision factor that contributes to episodic memory performance, and therefore understanding age-related changes in response bias is critical to theoretical development. We manipulate list strength in order to investigate two aspects of response bias. First, we evaluate whether criterion placement in episodic memory differs for older and younger adults. Second, we ask whether older adults have the same degree of flexibility to adjust the criterion in response to task demands as younger adults. Participants were tested on weakly and strongly encoded lists where word frequency (Experiment 1) or similarity between targets and foils (Experiment 2) was manipulated. Both older and younger adults had higher hit rates and lower false-alarm rates for strong lists than for weak lists (i.e., a strength-based mirror effect). Older adults were more conservative (less likely to endorse an item as studied) than younger adults, and we found no evidence that older and younger adults differ in their ability to flexibly adjust their criterion based on the demands of the task. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This 'thank you note' pays tribute, albeit briefly, to the enormous contribution Ken Plummer's work has made to sociology and to the study of sexualities in particular. He played a pioneering role in developing social understandings of sexuality, highlighting the importance of everyday interactions and social encounters. More specifically, over his career he addressed a range of important issues including, for example, sexuality and narrative analysis, generational sexualities, the significance of queer, sexual and intimate citizenship and the need for global critical sexualities studies. Along the way, it also sketches out some of the ways his work criss-crossed and informed my own research and scholarship in enriching and stimulating ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What happens when we walk past a faded mural? What changes when that mural is finally restored? As we place our feet on the ground, and brush past a painted brick wall, is it possible to see, feel, or listen to law and its stories told, retold, heard, or not heard? Perhaps, but this requires some quite challenging conceptual shifts in how we experience and understand the materialization of law, and its locations, especially when multiple laws inhabit the same place. My argument is that different types of law inhabit physical spaces differently, whether state, federal, local, or Aboriginal. Sometimes, in fact often, different laws simultaneously inhabit the same place, as in the case of a mural called "40,000 Years" that runs down a long, low brick wall in inner-city Redfern in Sydney, Australia. In this article, I delve into the paint, bricks, and restoration of this mural to unravel how it shares, hosts, holds, refracts, and aesthetically materializes different types of visible and invisible laws, including a variety of western and Aboriginal laws. When multiple laws cohabit, such as they do with this mural located on a city street that is also Aboriginal Country, fractal patterns of different types of law emerge, criss-crossing the physical landscape, creating what I call a "kaleidoscopic legal place." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ways in which current affairs related to diversity and difference, nationally and globally, are represented to Australian children in children's digital news media and through family discussions. The discussion is based on qualitative research that explores parents' views and practices in addressing news media and diversity and difference issues with their children. In addition, this project includes a discursive analysis of stories found in Behind The News (BTN), the primary digital news media source for Australian children, aged 8–13 years, from 2015–2018. The news stories are related to three significant topics: the marriage equality debate, refugees and terrorism. Within feminist post-structuralist, post-developmentalist and critical theorist frameworks, a focus is given to examining the dominant discourses that prevail in the stories, which provide insight into how childhood and children's access to certain types of knowledge is viewed and regulated through media and family practices. Drawing on thematic and Foucaultian discursive analyses, the pilot study findings demonstrate that children's news media is closely scrutinised and regulated, with major news stories framed within dominant discourses of childhood innocence, as well as the agenda and particular interests of the producers of children's new media. These topics, which have dominated news in recent years, are frequently considered by some adults as inappropriate or difficult topics to discuss with children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's access to certain knowledge, often deemed inappropriate for children by adults, has been at the core of many controversies in children's early education. The article reports on a study investigating two children's news media publications designed to support the school curriculum in Aotearoa New Zealand. The author concludes by offering suggestions for expanding conceptualizations of news media for and by children and, furthermore, how educators can engage in critical media literacy with children across multiple age groups, including the early years. [Extracted from the article]

This paper discusses the strategic mine planning process at Newmont’s Twin Creeks Operation. A multi-period Mixed Integer Liner Programming (MILP) model is utilised to optimise a large scale, complex operation with multiple open pits and underground mine sources under tight process blending constraints with the option to stockpile. In addition to life-of-mine production scheduling optimisation using MILP, the strategic planning process includes cost analysis, phase design validations and sensitivity to constraints such as mining rates, mill blending or throughput. Through this planning approach, Twin Creeks Operation is realising significant value from cost reductions and higher near term free cash flow resulting in increases to life-of-mine net present value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the role of youth anger regulation and reactivity in the link between parenting and social adjustment among a sample of 84 youth residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods in a mid-southwestern city. Using path analysis, findings indicate that parents’ responsive and discipline-related behaviors were associated with antisocial and prosocial behaviors in different ways. Parental support was positively associated with prosocial behavior (directly and indirectly through anger regulation), while permissive discipline was positively associated with antisocial behavior directly and indirectly through anger reactivity. The patterns of associations in the model remained significant even after youth age and sex were entered as covariates. Implications of the study for intervention programs targeting anger regulation and parenting in youth and families in high-risk settings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of our product development effort for PETI-330, an investigation to determine the effect of a thermal cure cycle and thermal postcure treatment on laminate properties was conducted. Laminates of PETI-330/T650-35 carbon fabric (un-sized) were fabricated by resin transfer molding (RTM) using a high temperature injector. The resin was degassed at 525-550 °F (274-288 °C) and subsequently injected into an Invar tool and cured for 1 h at 700 °F(371 °C). The laminates were characterized for quality by ultrasonic inspection and acid digestion, the dry glass transition temperatures (Tg values) were determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Specimens (7.6 cm × 7.6 cm) were subsequently machined from the panels and free-standing postcures were performed at 600 °F(316 °C), 625 °F (329 °C), 675 °F (357 °C) and 700 °F(371 °C) for 6 and 12 h at each temperature in flowing air at 1 atmosphere. The postcured specimens were characterized for weight loss, and dry and wet Tg values. The postcured laminates were machined into specimens approximately 7.6 cm × 6.4 cm and isothermal aging was performed for 100 h at 625 °F (329 °C), 650 °F(343 °C) and 700 °F(371 °C). After isothermal aging, the aged specimens were characterized for weight loss, dry and wet Tg and micro-cracking using optical microscopy. The results of this study are presented. Based on these results, the postcure conditions that gave the best combination of results were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The various types of lung cancer each have unique properties and their cells show specific changes in molecular regulatory control mechanisms. Each type has mutations/amplifications/over expression of several oncogenes, mutations or loss of cancer suppressor genes, increased telomerase activity and loss of chromosome 3p. These molecular genotypic changes are discussed with regard to the unique phenotypic characteristics of human lung cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most human cancers are caused by toxic organic or inorganic chemicals. Environmental exposure allows these chemicals to enter the body and almost every body cell. Within the body cells, five multi-enzyme systems process these chemicals. The chemicals can be activated to their ultimate carcinogenic molecular structures (usually to free radicals) or they can generate free radicals from water molecules. As electrophilic radicals, they can attack and co-valently bind to guanine in G-C or other DNA base pair units within the chromosomes resulting in genomic alterations, possibly in mutations. As protection against this, the radicals can be inactivated and any altered/mutated genes may be repaired. The five carcinogen-processing systems contain more than 300 enzymes. Each enzyme is coded from inherited genes. Therefore, one inherits high versus low genetic susceptibility to the processing of toxic chemicals and the repair of damaged genes through these intracellular carcinogen-processing enzyme systems. Hence, carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process based on both environmental and genetic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work by non-selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes. Evidence indicates that metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway play a critical role in the process of learning and memory. We evaluated whether acute naproxen treatment impairs short-term working memory, episodic memory, or semantic memory in a young, healthy adult population. Participants received a single dose of placebo or naproxen (750 mg) in random order separated by 7-10 days. Two hours following administration, participants completed five memory tasks. The administration of acute high-dose naproxen had no effect on memory in healthy young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-four thousand American youth lose Medicaid entitlements after discharge from foster care annually. The circumstance of being uninsured is a formidable barrier to health care that leaves the youth vulnerable to unmet health care needs. Given that foster youth often develop physical and/or mental health problems as a result of abuse or neglect, continuous access to health care is especially important. This descriptive phenomenology study explores the lived experience of transitional uninsured former foster youth. Nine uninsured former foster youth were recruited from a nonprofit community organization in an urban county and interviewed using semistructured interviews. Four themes identified from the analysis were (a) “Surviving the real world”: emancipation without essential documentation; (b) “It’s not always going to be fine”: managing mental and physical health without health care insurance; (c) “Roadblocks”: barriers to securing health care insurance; and (d) “Just not knowing”: Medicaid eligible albeit without health care insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

One of the biggest challenges that teachers of adolescents face is the necessity to motivate them. This article begins with an overview of motivational theories and then focuses on process theory and its application in the middle school and high school classrooms. An effective teacher can create motivation in students by forming relationships with them and stimulating the affective domain. Included in the article are suggestions for classroom application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music teachers can learn some tricks of the trade from their colleagues who coach sports teams. Many of the techniques that help students excel and bond in various games are applicable to the general music classroom and rehearsal room. It's all about attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines latent growth models of parental knowledge of boys' behavior from ages 10 to 15, and whether earlier child or family characteristics are related to intercept and growth in parental knowledge. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study on the precursors of antisocial behavior, 288 boys completed interviews at ages 10, 11, 12, and 15 years. Boys' reports started low, increased and plateaued at age 12. High levels of maternal responsivity in early childhood were associated with a high initial status in knowledge. Growth was predicted only by high levels of boys' prior externalizing problems. Results are discussed with respect to differences in factors that predict initial status versus growth in parental knowledge during the transition to adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groups of adolescents were identified on the basis of developmental trajectories of their families' rules and their parents' knowledge of their activities. Characteristics of the adolescent, peer antisociality, and family context were tested as antecedents. In sum, 404 parent-adolescent dyads provided data for adolescents aged 10-16. Most adolescents were classified into groups characterized by low levels and reductions in family rules over time. However, low socioeconomic status and residence in unsafe neighborhoods increased membership in the group characterized by consistently high levels of family rules. Most adolescents were assigned membership in groups characterized by relatively stable moderate-to-high levels of parental knowledge of their activities. However, greater externalizing problems and peer antisociality, as well as residence in an unsafe neighborhood, increased membership in the group characterized by low and decreasing levels of knowledge. Results suggest that personal and contextual risk antecedes nonnormative decreases in parental knowledge, whereas contextual risk inhibits normative reductions in family rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the significance of natural learning process in music teaching. The natural learning process is the method used by young children when they first learn to walk. The process involves the element of imagery. In the process, instead of controlling the whole process of learning, teacher should outline the goal, create the desire to learn and let the student manage the rest. It is stated that students need assistance for developing a target of where they're going. One mode of motivating students is stated to make them listen to a recording of a piece they are working on and then to desire of playing up to that standard. After developing a mental image and providing a model for the students, a music teacher is advised to motivate students wanting to learn.

Background: Home monitoring (HM) is able to detect more pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) than routine care (RC) in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), but there is currently no evidence for benefits in health outcomes. Patient experiences of using HM and a health economics assessment have not been rigorously assessed to date. This study aimed to assess the effects of HM on hospital admissions, quality of life, antibiotic requirements, exacerbation frequency, lung function, nutritional outcomes, anxiety, depression, costs and health outcomes, as well as the qualitative effects on the patient experience. Methods: This randomised controlled mixed-methods pilot study recruited CF adults cared for in one large regional CF centre. Participants were randomly allocated 1:1 to the intervention cohort [twice-weekly HM of symptoms measured by the Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Symptom Diary – Chronic Respiratory Infection Symptom Score (CFRSD-CRISS) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)] or a control cohort (routine clinical care) for the 12-month study period. Measurements were recorded at study visits at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Spirometry, body weight, comorbidities, medications, hospital inpatient days, courses of antibiotics (oral and intravenous) and PEx (defined by the modified Fuchs criteria) were recorded at each study visit. Health status, capability and cost-effectiveness were measured at each study visit by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A), EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire and an adapted resource use questionnaire. The patient experience of HM was assessed by semi-structured qualitative interviews at baseline and 12 months. Results: Eighty-eight participants were recruited, with 44 (50%) randomised to receive HM and 44 (50%) randomised to receive RC. Patient hospital inpatient bed days per annum and overall health-related quality of life were similar between the groups. Protocol-defined PEx requiring intravenous and oral antibiotics were detected more frequently in the HM group, with no other differences between the groups in the secondary outcomes. The total mean National Health Service (NHS) costs were approximately £1500 more per patient for the RC arm than the HM group. The qualitative analysis demonstrated that the patient experience of HM was generally positive and overall the intervention was well accepted. Conclusion: The findings of this trial confirm that HM is effective in detecting PEx in adults with CF. There were no significant differences in hospital inpatient bed days and overall health-related quality of life between the groups. Despite the cost of the HM equipment and the salary of the research fellow to respond to the results, health economics analysis suggests the intervention was less expensive than RC. HM was generally well accepted, with most participants reporting that it resulted in them feeling more empowered and reassured. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02994706) on 16 July 2014 and published in a peer reviewed journal. Data from this trial has been presented in abstract form at the ECFS Conference in Lyon in September 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories of why humans forget have been challenged by the newly discovered list-length/output-interference paradox, in which—under certain testing conditions—learning is not harmed by the amount of verbal material studied, whereas retrieval of that material becomes more difficult with increases in the number of items tested. The latter finding is known as output interference, and the results of the experiment reported here indicate that a release from output interference is obtained when the nature of the items is changed during testing. Specifically, when participants are asked to recognize items from two categories, output interference is minimized when items from each category are tested separately in large blocks. This finding supports models of forgetting that assume interference arises from information about the to-be-learned material that is stored in memory; in contrast, this finding is difficult to explain using models that assume forgetting is the result only of changing context. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

At a time of international debate about the value of tropical peatlands in Malaysia and Indonesia, this paper explores continuities and changes in colonial representations of peatlands over time. The principal aim is to understand how arguments for both development and conservation are framed and expressed in relation to wider narratives about the suitability or unsuitability of tropical peatlands for commercial development. Of particular interest is the ways in which scientific findings (both for and against peatlands development) are communicated in popular media. The substantive focus of the paper is Malaysian media; we undertake a qualitative content analysis of representations of tropical peatlands in English-language Malaysian media over a 20-year period. Close attention to a particular form of linguistic expression, namely textual metaphor, emerged from a combination of secondary reading and the evident presence of different metaphors within the data set itself. Informed by relevant studies, these are classified as ontological, cybernetic, organic and aquatic. As well as differences, we find similar metaphorical expressions criss-crossing lines of debate. Land container (ontological) metaphors that envision tropical peatlands as receptacles of economically valuable natural resources are by far the most common. We conclude that market-centred conservation is the principle alternative to mainstream, extractive development in Malaysia (as elsewhere). At a time when the value of peatlands is expressed mainly in terms of economic use and exchange value, the circulation of counternarratives that emphasise intrinsic and/or future value thus remain equally crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two phenylethynyl terminated oligomers designated PETI-298 and PETI-330 were developed at the NASA Langley Research Center and have emerged as leading candidates for composite applications requiring high temperature performance (i.e. ≥ 288 °C for 1000 hours) combined with the ability to be readily processed into composites without the use of an autoclave or complex or lengthy cure or postcure cycles. These high performance/high temperature composites are potentially useful on advanced aerospace vehicles in structural applications and as aircraft engine components such as inlet frames and compressor vanes. The number designation (i.e. 298, 330) refers to the glass transition temperature in degrees Centigrade as determined on neat resin cured for 1 hour at 371 °C. The resins are processable by non-autoclave techniques such as resin transfer molding (RTM), vacuum assisted RTM (VARTM) and resin infusion (RI). Both resins exhibit low complex melt viscosities (0.1-10 poise) at 280 °C and are stable for ≥ 2 hours at this temperature. Typically, the resins are melted, de-gassed and infused or injected at 280 °C and subsequently cured at 371 °C for 1-2 hours. Virtually no volatiles are evolved during the cure process. The resin synthesis is straightforward and has been scaled-up to 25 kg batches. The chemistry of PETI-298 and PETI-330 and the RTM AS-4 and T-650 carbon fabric laminate properties, and those of BMI-5270 for comparison, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, bilingual identity and home language retention/ attrition in bilingual children has had little research attention. This is particularly true in the early years of life where identity construction emerges in the context of early childhood education. This article begins with an overview of the Australian context to focus attention on the limited provision of bilingual support in early childhood settings. By drawing on the work in identity and hybridity negotiation, the 'voices' of six Latin American parents are discussed to show how identities are negotiated and intersect with language retention within the social fields of 'race', ethnicity and gender differences. Three emerging themes are highlighted: the diversity of the parents' experiences in negotiating identity and language retention in family life; the parents' experiences of identity as multiple; and identity as a site of transformation and struggle in child rearing and gendered family practices. These findings demonstrate the significance of parents' perspectives and experiences of identity and language retention in raising their children bilingually, which can inform equitable and innovative practices in the provision of bilingual support in early childhood settings. In conclusion, the author invites early childhood educators to reframe their understandings of identity construction in young bilingual children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the individual and systemic stress endured by children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic, research examining culturally responsive school experiences and supports to enhance resilience is critical. This study examined the relationship between caregivers' perceptions of COVID-19 impact, mental health distress among children and caregivers, and school-based sociocultural protective factors, including culturally responsive practices in schools and the relationships between teachers and caregivers, concurrently and longitudinally. Data were collected from caregivers of elementary-aged children at two-time points from March to April 2020 (N = 174) and one year later in 2021 (N = 114). Regression analyses revealed that COVID-19 impact positively predicted and parent-teacher joining negatively predicted mental health concerns among children and families, concurrently and longitudinally. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between caregivers' perceptions of teachers' social awareness and justice practices and mental health symptoms for children in 2020. Parent-teacher joining longitudinally moderated the relationship between COVID-19 impact and caregivers' mental health concerns. This study provides implications regarding sociocultural resilience factors that should be considered in schools amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay analyzes the efforts to preserve Club Atlético, a site that served as a clandestine detention, torture, and killing center under the Argentine civic-military dictatorship (1976–1983). Located in the south part of Buenos Aires, Club Atlético is a memory site in ruins: its materiality challenges architectural design conventions. Examining (1) historical artifacts, the (2) archeological excavation, and (3) a virtual reconstruction of Club Atlético, this article reveals the multiple ways in which a site of memory can be represented, beyond the traditional memorial. Focusing on these three scales, it explores the relationship between the many written and oral survivors' testimonies and the material evidence retrieved from the site, while also recognizing the tensions that emerge from Club Atlético's dual function as archeological site and space of memory. Ultimately, the article reveals, how testimony is used to draw physical and metaphorical boundaries between the site as a place of memory and the site as heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to use examine the utility of recently published, developmentally informed measures of parental active tracking for work on youth health behaviors. Information on parental active tracking and health behaviors were collected in six independent survey studies (n 's = 157–408). A series of empirical questions regarding parental active tracking were examined. The recently published measures of parental active tracking in high school and college were shown to have sufficient internal consistency, to be well described by single latent factors, to be empirically distinct from helicopter parenting, to be inconsistently linked with youth risk behaviors, and to demonstrate closer linkages with youth substance use when accounting for parental motivations for tracking. The measures of parental active tracking employed provide face valid, psychometrically sound, and empirically supported indices for use examining parental influences during adolescence and young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most Western societies, parents' gender roles and values have shifted significantly over the past decades. However, it is not yet clear whether parents' gender-related values impact both their own and their partners' coparenting and parenting practices. This study examined the relations between parents' gender equality values, their coparenting, and parental warmth and hostility. Drawing 6745 families from an ongoing Australian panel study, we used actor-partner interdependence modeling to estimate the associations between mothers' and fathers' equality values and their (co)parenting. Results revealed a significant positive partner effect of mothers' gender equality values on fathers' warmth and coparenting, but no significant actor effects for mothers' or fathers' values. We also found that mothers' work status moderated the relationship between parents' values and coparenting. In conclusion, these findings suggest that it is important to consider mothers' gender values and its transactional influence on fathers' involvement for understanding contemporary parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]