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Objective: Regina v Presser [1958] VR 45, is the most seminal case regarding fitness to plead for accused persons in Australia and New Zealand. It is not widely understood that Presser was a 14-year-old boy with intellectual disability. We aim to describe a clearer narrative regarding Edward John Presser.Method: Review of attainable newspaper reports framed within an historical context of fitness and relevant case law.Results: Presser's narrative is described in greater detail than previously understood by clinicians and lawyers. Ramifications for fitness assessment are discussed including doli incapax and human rights considerations.Conclusions: The Presser criteria are widely applied; however, the case involved a 14-year-old boy with intellectual disability. Greater awareness of Presser's narrative assists clinicians providing expert evidence regarding fitness to plead for adolescents and persons with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview on several books related to political science including "Leisure and Government," by Ian Adams, "Ireland's Terrorist Trauma: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," edited by Yonah Alexander and Alan O'Day, and "Race and Local Politics," edited by Wendy Ball and John Solomos.

The human body can be regarded as an extraordinarily complex electrical machine. It will respond to externally applied electromagnetic stimuli and aspects of its functionality can be interrogated electromagnetically to aid in diagnosis. The paper describes examples of interactions between electromagnetism and the body. The hazards ofelectric shock are considered along with the use of the defibrillator for restarting the heart. Electromagnetic therapies are discussed in the light of the disappointing lack of objective evidence to support claims for their effectiveness.Finally, two examples of new diagnostic techniques using electromagnetic energy are described. Electrical impedance tomography produces cross-sectional images of the distribution of electrical impedance in the body and magnetic nerve stimulation uses currents induced by large magnetic field pulses to stimulate nerves and the human brain without causing pain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]