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This paper interrogates the extent to which imaginaries of climate and ecological breakdown attend to the memories, knowledges, and experiences of communities already impacted by histories of racism, colonialism, and poverty. Drawing on insights from Black studies and decolonial thinking, the article reflects on how the causes and effects of anthropogenic climate change can be mapped onto geographies of racialised violence and social dispossession. Specific emphasis is given to Rio de Janeiro, notably its port area, a geographical space where future-oriented narratives remain oblivious to the city's history of anti-Black violence and Indigenous genocide. In parallel, the paper looks at the recently built Museum of Tomorrow and its public representations of the Anthropocene. Overall, the article contends that pluralising accounts of the Anthropocene might offer alternative epistemic entry points for understanding and interrupting the mounting ecological catastrophe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the majority of Brazilian public schools, poverty and social injustice prevail. Most students come from disadvantaged realities, and their future seems to be already defined by a lack of social mobility, exclusion from civil rights, and violence—a situation that has worsened with the global pandemic. Rooted in ethnographic research in public schools in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, this paper explores the role of pedagogies of care in creating alternative, possible, and preferable narratives about the future of these students. By using the metaphor of "school as soil", the study identifies care in four dimensions: time, heterogeneity, mattering, and fertility. It draws on 12 semi-structured interviews with teachers from eight different public schools that were part of a larger doctoral project. By researching school as soil, we examine how pedagogies of care encourage teachers' speculation about preferable imaginaries for the future of their students. Results show that despite precarious resources and scarce institutional support, pedagogies of care appear in multiple reported situations, aiming to inspire learning processes, give voice and agency to the socially marginalized, and allow for ways of thinking that offer alternatives to the seemingly ubiquitous oppressive relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When, in 1822, Brazil declared its independence from Portugal, its vast territory was little known by the central government in Rio de Janeiro. There was a great need to create reliable maps that would delineate the new country's boundaries. This paper aims to show how a practical application of astronomy, specifically geodesy, was vital in the efforts to build the nation. We follow the professional life of an astronomer, Luis Cruls, director of the National Observatory, professor at the Military School and chief researcher of several expeditions, to discuss the strength of geodesic and cartographic activities in Brazil at the end of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explicate our research on technology-mediated urban experience specific to two hyper-local tests in which the space of the 'public' is transformed into a virtual network by connective broadcasting. The first case study presents collective mapping in Rio de Janeiro toward increased civic engagement and sustainability, the second tests documentation of political demonstrations for strategic and archival purposes for Occupy Boston. Grouped under the term "participatory urbanism," the projects intend to explore how an individual activates interstitial space (between the physical city and hovering networks, between public and private) by engaging technology and civic media to affect change in the built environment. The physical and virtual environments serve as reciprocal sources of information, engendering a collective practice of shared encounters. We investigate how such encounters of user-centered activity through mobile and web-based media support or implicate the perception and manipulation of the built environment over spans of time and locations, and will highlight qualitative elements of a mobile and web platform designed for successful civic engagement and participatory urbanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article, we scrutinize the concept of 'urban informality' in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. By unpacking key moments in Rio's history when conceptualizations of informal housing (i.e., favelas) changed, we explain why favelas have been understood in different ways over the last century. Our argument is that the concept of informality, while signaling an important shift in how favelas were understood, also perpetuated orientalist epistemologies in theories of urban development. This helps to explain why the term gained traction when it did, as well as why it remains salient today. In Rio, this means that changing understandings of favelas over the last century reveal little about actual changes within favelas, and more about how different geographic imaginaries were projected onto them, reflecting specific 'problems' confronting the city at different moments in history. This is important for seeing how conceptualizations of favelas – including the ways we understand urban informality – tend to mirror a host of latent social and political anxieties connected to urban development, including attempts to govern and control informal space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are arboviral diseases (AVD) transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti. Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, has been endemic for dengue for over 30 years, and experienced the first joint epidemic of the three diseases between 2015-2016. They present similar symptoms and only a small proportion of cases are laboratory-confirmed. These facts lead to potential misdiagnosis and, consequently, uncertainty in the registration of the cases. We have available the number of cases of each disease for the n = 160 neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro. We propose a Poisson model for the total number of cases of Aedes -borne diseases and, conditioned on the total, we assume a multinomial model for the allocation of the number of cases of each of the diseases across the neighborhoods. This provides simultaneously the estimation of the associations of the relative risk of the total cases of AVD with environmental and socioeconomic variables; and the estimation of the probability of presence of each disease as a function of available covariates. Our findings suggest that a one standard deviation increase in the social development index decreases the relative risk of the total cases of AVD by 28%. Neighborhoods with smaller proportion of green area had greater odds of having chikungunya in comparison to dengue and Zika. A one standard deviation increase in population density decreases the odds of a neighborhood having Zika instead of dengue by 18% but increases the odds of chikungunya in comparison to dengue by 18% and by 43% in comparison to Zika. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the effect of Brazil's national tourism brand on the image of Rio de Janeiro as the host city of the 2016 Olympic Games, and the reciprocal effect of Rio de Janeiro on Brazil, considering both as tourist destinations. A quantitative study was employed using structured questionnaires, with a sample of foreign respondents (n = 340) and a simultaneous equation method. A positive reciprocal effect was found. In general, the perception of a country as a tourist destination influences destinations within that country. However, the Brazil destination brand image did not influence Rio. This situation was proved to be an exception to the rule, the sports mega-event context probably contributing to the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social housing sector is playing an important role in Brazil, due to the necessity of its expansion. Currently, many residential projects perform poorly in terms of energy efficiency and thermal comfort. In addition, the impact of climate change on energy consumption may aggravate the energy scenario, increasing the dependence on the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system. In parallel to this, there is a growing adoption of the Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIP) and insulated concrete form (ICF) in the Brazilian construction industry, due to their advantages in reducing construction time, and cost. Therefore, this study provides a discussion on thermal-energy performance focusing on parametric analysis of the SCIP and ICF wall systems adoption for social housing in Brazil. Due to the fact that building performance is heavily affected by weather conditions, this study evaluated the computer simulation of the thermal-energy performance of SCIP and ICF wall systems for hot climates while addressing the impacts of climate change. The city of Rio de Janeiro, characterized by the tropical climate was selected, and the Climate Change World Weather File Generator (CCWorldWeatherGen) tool was used to produce weather data for future climate scenarios, such as 2020, 2050 and 2080. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how class, consumerism, and employment influence beliefs of an idealized digital world in marginalized communities. I recount 24 months of ethnographic and institutional observation in a non-governmental organization that promoted the concept of " utopia digital " (digital utopia in Portuguese) in Rio de Janeiro's favelas (shantytowns). This corporate-funded non-governmental organization employed members of Brazil's traditional middle class and promoted the liberating potentials of digital inclusion to members of a "New Middle Class" made up of 35 million "previously poor" Brazilians. Interviews with middle-class employees reveal how ideas of digital utopia act as a code for corporate efforts to encourage consumerism among the New Middle Class and bolster employment opportunities for members of Brazil's traditional middle class. Reflecting on informal conversations, I also highlight a middle-class "crime talk" that frames the favela as an inherently violent place and, in contrast to their inclusionary work related to digital utopia, encourages non-governmental organization workers to physically avoid favela space. I use Zygmunt Bauman's discussion of an "active" or "hunter" utopia as an ethnographic lens to discuss the practical and everyday experiences of technological inclusion in classed settings. By describing digital utopias as actively shaped by everyday understandings of urban exclusion and privilege, this article provides an ethnographic framework for decoding the socially reproductive nature of class-inflected consumer interventions in marginalized communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees tend to be a neglected population during health emergencies. This article studies how the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Brazil affected forcibly displaced people considering their intersectional multiple identities. I conducted 29 semistructured phenomenological interviews with refugees living in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro between March 27 and April 06, 2020. These states' governors closed nonessential services and schools. The results indicate that refugees face three challenges connected to this pandemic: (a) same challenges as Brazilians due to their labor vulnerability social identity, (b) challenges aggravated by the pandemic due to their identity of nonnationals including access to information and services, and (c) new challenges due to their social identity of forced displaced nonnationals including closing of migration services and borders and the feeling of "living the pandemic twice." This research contributes to the literature of intersectionality and asylum by understanding how refugees in the Global South are affected by pandemics and responses to them, considering their own lived experiences and multiple social identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to distinguish between, on the one hand, emerging ideas, values and representations and, on the other, the actual circumstances in which they are applied by society. For this purpose the juridical field is a privileged place for investigation being at the same time the locus of norms and conflicts. In particular, our attention focuses on environment-related litigation in Rio de Janeiro. The distance between legal discourse and my analysis of lawsuits pertaining to the environment in Rio de Janeiro is a result of the tension between the universal character of the environmental perspective, as embodied in Brazilian legislation and the lack of social mobilisation combined with the complexity of kinds of actors and interests involved in juridical practices concerning environmental protection. It is suggested that this tension be understood in the light of the dynamics of social relations in the urban context of Rio de Janeiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general purposes of the PROVIVA project are to establish a community HIV/AIDS surveillance and monitoring system in Rio de Janeiro and to develop, implement, and evaluate a community-based HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention program for cocaine injectors and snorters, and male transvestite sex workers, in Rio's shantytowns, prostitution districts, and other neighborhoods where rates of street drug use are high. A secondary purpose is to develop an effective field-based HIV prevention program that can be used in other communities throughout Latin America and perhaps other developing nations. Conducting research in an international setting in general, and establishing a community-based seroprevalence and prevention project in a developing nation in particular, presented a myriad of procedural and logistical obstacles and complications. Within this context, this paper reviews the requirements of the National Institute on Drug Abuse cooperative agreement projects, examines the issues and problems associated with implementing this kind of research in a developing nation, and suggests appropriate solutions for dealing with these emergent circumstances and difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of migration, natural increase and city growth with regard to Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. The processes associated with the demographic transition from high to low vital rates in developing countries are progressively being understood as divergent from those prevailing during the chronologically earlier transitions occurring in the developed Western nations. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the nature of those demographic relationships which culminate in the unprecedented city growth of developing areas. Moreover, although several studies have concentrated on apportioning the relative contribution of natural increase and migration, few have paid systematic attention to the factor of migrant natural increase. Such an oversight can assume considerable proportions since, depending upon the dimensions of prior migratory moves, migrant natural increase could conceivably play a commanding role, even to the point of competing with either native natural increase or net migration. In an effort to illustrate the manner in which components of urban growth can concretely interact in an urban developing area, the growth processes operating in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the period 1920-1970 are presented here.

Chronicle literature in early twentieth-century Rio de Janeiro developed in tandem with the urban modernization that followed the abolition of slavery in 1888. Writers-flâneurs strolled city streets to observe human behavior in the new post-abolition urban environment. The street vendor, a fellow traveler within the city, was quickly identified by chroniclers as an integral component of the modern city. Ruling elites, however, viewed street commerce as a blot on the modern urban landscape and sought to prohibit vending through a series of policies that vendors often contested. Chroniclers and newspapers’ embrace of vendors therefore reveals the ambivalence that marked the effort to define modernity. Although connected to the city’s slave past, street vendors came to represent a modern urban membership unique to the Brazilian capital. The practice of street commerce and the intellectual culture surrounding it reflects how “walking the city” carved an alternative urban citizenship and sense of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers information on several conferences related to noise and vibration, including the Ship Noise and Vibration conference to be held at the Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST) in London, England on November 24-25, 2010 and the 18th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV18) to be held on July 10-14, 2011 at the Windsor Berra in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

From June 20 to 22, 2012, 45,000 participants from governments, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and major groups met in Rio De Janeiro for the “Rio+20” United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. The outcome document titled “The Future We Want” alludes to a grand vision for addressing global challenges in the framework of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. But the 53-page long document only reiterates promises made elsewhere. It fails to lay out a coherent roadmap forward, much less to define binding targets with specific deadlines. The declaration, however, does reflect a changing political reality in international negotiations. Developing countries are playing a much more assertive role in pushing poverty eradication as the overarching priority than at any time before. Rio+20 furthermore presents a snapshot of the divers interests and voices that shape the discourse on sustainable development, 20 years after the original 1992 Rio Conference launched the debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores several questions related to international adoption and other kinds of informal and formal circulation of children, with a particular attention to how birth mothers lose those children, that developed out of a conversation at a conference on the circulation children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It examines the problems of adoption based on diverse perspectives of several scholars. It also discusses why Brazilian feminists have not rallied around the cause of birth mothers.

The author discusses the achievements of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. The author mentions how the said conference provides a process which balances governmental regulations and free markets. Moreover, he cites how the said processes connects on the integration of sustainable development and trade rules.

This article, based on ethnographic research conducted with people in Brazil and Zimbabwe, reports organization/management experiences and narratives of poor and marginalized people of the south. South embodies the organizational struggle, survival skills and resilience of marginal and urban outcasts that inhabit inner cities, townships and slums. The article employs the notion of kukiya-favela organization, i.e. the organization of the excluded, to engage with them in order to: give voice to those who dwell at the margins of organization studies; make their narratives part of a subject that retains an elitist position; and re-address the Eurocentric management/organization discourse that imposes a legitimate justification for exploiting, excluding and labelling them as organization-less and urban outcasts of society. The article concludes that despite their marginality and exclusion they are able to construct local diverse meaningful (organizational) identities that can represent them with dignity in their struggle for justice and basic human rights. Finally, it reflects on the contribution this has for us, in organization studies, by opening new spaces for the study of organization[al] (lives) not from positions of ‘above’ or ‘against’ but ‘with’ (Gergen, 2003: 454). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Viral load (VL) near delivery is a determinant of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. To evaluate factors associated with an undetectable VL near delivery in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and non-HAART regimens, HIV-infected pregnant women with a detectable VL at entry and having used antiretrovirals for ≤4 weeks before delivery were selected. Multivariate analysis was employed using binary logistic unconditional models; the dependent variable was having a VL <400 copies/mL near delivery. VL suppression was achieved in 403/707 women (57%): 65.4% in the HAART group, but only 26% in the non-HAART group P = 0.001. Duration of HAART was correlated with VL suppression, with maximum benefit seen after ≤12 weeks of therapy (odds ratio [OR]: 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72-3.65). CD4+ cell count near delivery (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.06-2.20) and baseline VL (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.94) were also independently associated with VL suppression. Overall MTCT rate was 1.6%. HAART for ≤12 weeks, baseline VL and CD4 cell count near delivery were independently associated with viral suppression near delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a syndrome observed after antimicrobial treatment of some infectious diseases. The syndrome has clinical characteristics of an inflammatory reaction to antibiotic treatment. A prospective study of patients with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of syphilis was conducted at a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patients were treated with benzathine penicillin and observed for the JHR. A total of 115 patients were included in this study. Fifty-one patients (44%) had secondary syphilis; 37 (32%), primary; 26 (23%), latent; and one (1 %), tertiary syphilis. Ten patients (9%) developed the JHR. All JHRs occurred in patients with secondary and latent syphilis. No patients experienced an allergic reaction to penicillin. The JHR occurred less frequently than in previous studies. It is important that health-care professionals recognize the clinical characteristics of the JHR so that it is not misinterpreted as an allergic reaction to penicillin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the issue of water quality restoration in Guanabara Bay, a much polluted estuary, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which serves as drainage basin for 11 million people. The theoretical basis for analyzing the problem is the systems approach, and the focus is on devising actions to achieve the modernization of the sanitation sector. In order to restore the bay's water quality, specific targets measured in terms of the level of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) need to be attained. The Guanabara Bay system contains five components: decision support tools, physical infrastructure, financing, governance, and administration. The article proposes a policy approach that seeks to attend to the environmental concerns associated with the restoration of the bay's water quality by advocating an effective governance structure able to provide sanitary services to all citizens that will also mitigate the bay's pollution problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider models for spatio-temporal processes which assume either non-negative values, and often are observed as zero, or discrete values and are also inflated by zeros. Typically, in the first case, the spatial observations are obtained at fixed locations (point-referenced data) over a region D; whereas in the second, the region D is divided into a finite number of regular or irregular subregions (areal level), resulting in observations for each subregion. Our main idea is based on those of zeroinflated models, by assuming that the value observed at location s and time t , Yt (s), is a realization of a mixture between a Bernoulli distribution with a probability of success θt (s) and a probability density function or probability function p(yt (s) ∣ .). For both cases, we include spatio-temporal latent processes in the model to account for the possible extra variation present in the mean structure of θt (s) and/or p(yt (s) ∣ .). In the context of point-referenced data, we model the amount of rainfall over the city of Rio de Janeiro during 75 weeks; whereas in the areal data level case, we consider weekly cases of dengue fever in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the years of 2001-02. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to describe the adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adolescents followed-up in Rio de Janeiro. This cross-sectional study included all adolescents (aged 10-19 years) followed at Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho. Adherence was determined by selfreport (number of missed ART doses in three days prior to the interview). Adherence was categorized as taking ⩾95% of the ARTs (adherent), or <95% (non-adherent). Variables related to demographics and treatment were evaluated and if P value ⩽0.15, they were selected for a logistic regression analysis. One hundred and one adolescents were interviewed. The mean time on ART was 91 months and the mean adherence was 94% of this, 21 were non-adherent, and 80 adherent. The risk factors associated with non-adherence were: if the patient was not concerned about ART, odds ratio (OR) = 3.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13- 10.68); if they do not carry an extra dose of ART, OR = 6.63 (95% CI = 1.73-25.47); if a health-care worker taught them how to take ART, OR = 0.27 (95% CI = 0.08-0.93). Adherence among adolescents was higher than expected. Factors associated with lack of adherence were: interviewees being unaware of ARTs and lack of commitment to the treatment. Interventions involving these factors must be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a twenty-four-item scale to measure attitudes toward gender norms among young men: the Gender-Equitable Men (GEM) Scale. Scale items on gender norms related to sexual and reproductive health, sexual relations, violence, domestic work, and homophobia are designed. Items are based on previous qualitative work in the community and a literature review and administered to a household sample of 742 men, including 223 young men ages fifteen to twenty-four, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The current analysis focuses on the young men, as they were the main audience for a planned intervention to promote gender equitable and HIV risk reduction behaviors. Factor analyses support two subscales, and the scale is internally consistent (alpha = .81). As hypothesized, more support for equitable norms (i.e., higher GEM Scale scores) is significantly associated with less self-reported partner violence, more contraceptive use, and a higher education level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In April 2000 and March 2001 an environmental chemical survey was carried out in a printing facility in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this investigation about 250 volatile organic compounds were identified and quantified. The maximum concentration of any compound measured was toluene at 7.8mg·m-3. The high levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) detected overall ranged from 1.9 to 46.1mg·m-3 exceeding national (500 mg·m-3) and international (300 mg·m-3) recommendations. The Royal Society of Health Advisory Group questionnaire about sick building syndrome was used to evaluate if there was a relationship between this high TVOCs concentration and the health of the workers. Several characteristic symptoms regarding irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract could be deduced from the responses. The results suggest that the poor air quality may be correlated to these symptoms but more detailed studies are necessary to establish a sound cause-effect relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the richness of the association between space, culture, and memory. It starts by indicating the importance of migration in the formation of Brazil and moves on to explore the relation between memory and space by showing how memories can be inscribed in the visible spatiality of a city. It goes briefly back to Marcel Proust's work in order to further suggest links between spatiality and remembrance. Finally Félix Guattari's notion of affect is used to account for the impact that spatial experiences may have upon us. The two spaces--previous and present--eventually superimpose forming a complex arrangement that conveys the idea of displacement. Throughout the article, selected, in-depth interviews with Italian and French immigrants who live in Rio de Janeiro--and who relate memories brought about by the experience of space--provide a lively and consistent background to the arguments proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional study was designed to assess safe sexual behaviour among heterosexual couples after the woman learned of her partner's infection with HIV. Female partners who had known their partners' serostatus for at least 4 weeks were eligible for participation. Couples were interviewed separately and independent predictors of safe sexual behaviour were identified using multiple logistic regression. Safe sexual behaviour was defined as no unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. Of 328 women, 197 (60%) reported safe sexual behaviour since learning of their partners' infection. Significant independent predictors of safe sexual behaviour included older women (>30 years old) (odds ratio [OR]=1.89; 95% confidence intervals [CI]=1.01-3.51), current negative HIV serostatus (OR=2.72; 95% CI=1.50-4.94), advanced clinical stage of the index case (OR=1.96; 95% CI=1.07-3.59), longer duration of relationship (10+ years) (OR= 2.35; 95% CI=1.15-4.82), fewer sex contacts (<100) (OR=2.01; 95% CI=1.14-3.56), only one lifetime partner (OR=2.29; 95% CI=1.26-4.17), non-smoking (OR=2.67; 95% CI=1.43-4.99), not practising oral sex (OR=3.35; 95% CI=1.82-6.19) and previous HIV testing (OR=2.11; 95% CI=1.09-4.07). In addition, women who had known their partner's infection for longer were less likely to report safe sexual behaviour (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that among female partners of HIV-positive Brazilian men, learning of their partner's infection does not uniformly result in safe sexual behaviour. Counselling must emphasize disclosure of serostatus to female partners and target couples with short-term relationships, as well as those where the woman has known about her male partner's infection for a long time, because these are the least likely to maintain safe sexual behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the social and historical approaches regarding children in the context of democracy transition in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Socioeconomic aspects of poverty and social exclusion; Rate of child and adolescent labor; Reference to the military dictatorship in the country from 1964 to 1984.

Presents a case study of a public health project in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil committed to using new social movement methods of developing an interactive relationship with the population served. Alliance of concerned professionals and working-class leaders; Popular civil defense as a proposal for the health crisis.

Discusses the `favelas' or self-built settlements erected by the poor on illegally occupied lands, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 1948-1960. Reasons why favelas flourished; Portrait of the `favelado'; How the squatter settlement functioned.

The article focuses on the impact of Brazil's Educational Reform Law of 1971 on Brazilian teacher education. The Law of 1971 decreed profound changes in the nature of Brazilian elementary and secondary schooling. It was anticipated by the architects of this landmark legislation that substantial changes in Brazilian teacher education would also occur as a natural consequence of the Reform Law. Although the elementary and secondary schools had been the chief focus of the 1971 law, many alterations for teacher education were both implied and decreed by the 1971 Reform Law. Half a decade later, officials of the Brazilian Ministry of Education remained in doubt as to the degree to which Brazil's teacher education institutions had modified their programs so that the types of teachers called for in the 1971 law were, in fact, being prepared. Evaluators at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro were commissioned by the Ministry of Education to evaluate the extent to which teacher licensing courses in Brazil had been adapted to meet the legal requirements of the Educational Reform Law of 1971.

Information on the Third World Congress on ISIS (ISIS3), which was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is presented. Topics discussed in the event included a detailed overview of the Java Based ISIS software called J-ISIS, the revolutionary development in the ISIS family of software called ISIS-NBP, and the introduction of the Integrated Software for Library Automation. Furthermore, the speakers of the congress included Jean-Claude Dauphin and Rodrigo Senra.