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Healthcare Professionals Working in Schools (HPWS) are responsible for providing health services to students and play a role in providing education to prevent illnesses, including tickborne diseases (TBD). Providing TBD education to children has been shown to increase prevention behaviors and knowledge of TBD symptoms, but little is known regarding the current state of TBD awareness among HPWS. In spring 2019 we conducted a cross-sectional knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey of HPWS in two states with a high incidence of Lyme disease (LD) to inform design of TBD prevention programs. The survey queried general knowledge of TBDs, school practices regarding TBDs, and availability of TBD resources. Overall, higher confidence, experience, risk perception, prior training on TBD, and more years employed as a HPWS were independently associated with knowledge of LD transmission, symptoms, and correct tick removal practices. State and local health departments should consider prioritizing engagement with HPWS to provide educational opportunities about tickborne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Timely data on drug overdose deaths can help identify community needs, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, and allocate resources. We identified variations in death investigation and reporting systems within and between states that affect the timeliness and accuracy of death certificate information. Methods: The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a community-engaged, data-driven approach to combating the opioid crisis in 67 communities in 4 states: Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. HCS conducted a survey of coroners and medical examiners to understand variability in drug overdose death data. We compared survey results in Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio with national data to investigate the completeness of provisional death counts by type of death investigation system. Results: Communities in each HCS state had different ways of collecting and reporting mortality data. Completion of death certificates for drug overdoses ranged from <2 weeks in 23% (7 of 31) of those surveyed to more than 3 months in 10% (3 of 31) of those surveyed. Variabilities in the timeliness of reporting drug overdose deaths were not associated with type of coroner or medical examiner office in each state, urban versus rural setting, or specificity of drug information on the death certificate. Conclusion: Having specific drug information on the death certificate may increase death certificate quality, comparability, and accuracy. We recommend the following: (1) all coroners and medical examiners should be trained on conducting death investigations, interpreting toxicology reports, and completing death certificates; (2) 1 office in each state should oversee all coroners and medical examiners to increase data consistency; and (3) communities should identify and address barriers to timely death certification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objective: Previous studies have evaluated the implementation of standardized social determinants of health (SDOH) screening within healthcare settings, however, less is known about where screening gaps may exist following initial implementation based on facility characteristics. The objective of this study is to assess differences in screening rates for SDOH at a large, urban healthcare system. Methods: We used electronic health record data obtained from NYC Health + Hospitals primary care sites from 2019 to 2022. We calculated the mean number of visits that were SDOH screened by visit type, facility size, and the percentages of community characteristics. We conducted 4 logistic regression models predicting the odds of screening for any SDOH and for specific SDOH needs (housing, food, and medical cost assistance) based on facility type, facility size, and the socioeconomic characteristics of the surrounding community. Results: Among the 3 212 650 visits included, 16.90% were SDOH screened. Across all 4 multivariate logistic regression models predicting SDOH screening, a visit had significantly lower odds of being screened if based at a midsize or small facility, if it was a telemedicine visit, or based at a facility located in a zip-code with a higher percentage of SDOH needs. Conclusions: Our study found important differences in SDOH screening rates at a large, NYC-based health system based on size, visit type, and community level characteristics. In particular, our findings point to barriers related to facility size and telemedicine workflow that should be addressed to increase uptake of SDOH screening within different visits and facility types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected some New York City (NYC) neighborhoods that primarily consist of Black, Indigenous, and Latinx residents. In comparison to the rest of NYC, these neighborhoods experienced high hospitalization and COVID-related death rates, which has been attributed to a longstanding history of structural racism and disinvestment. While stay-at-home orders were implemented to reduce the spread of COVID-19, this may have also affected access and utilization of non-COVID related healthcare services. This study aims to assess the prevalence of and reasons for the disruption of non-COVID related healthcare services during the first 18 months of the pandemic. Methods: From September 30, 2021 to November 4, 2021, the NYC Health Department administered the COVID-19 Community Recovery Survey to a subset of residents who were part of the NYC Health Panel a probability-based survey panel. This cross-sectional survey, which included closed and open-ended questions, was either self-administered online or completed via CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) in English, Spanish, and Simplified Chinese. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses and unweighted, weighted, age-adjusted percentages, and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: With a response rate of 30.3% (N = 1358), more than half of participants (54%) reported disruption to either routine physical healthcare or mental health services. Concern about getting COVID-19 (61%), stay-at-home policies (40%), belief that care could safely be postponed (35%), and appointment challenges (34%) were among reasons for delaying routine healthcare. Concern about getting COVID-19 (38%) and reduced hours of service (36%) were primary reasons for delaying mental healthcare. Reported reasons for the sustained delay of care past 18 months involved COVID concerns, appointment, and insurance challenges. Conclusions: Due to the pandemic, some disruption to healthcare was expected. However, most study participants either avoided or experienced a delay in healthcare. The delay of non-COVID related healthcare throughout the pandemic may result in the further widening of the health inequity gap among NYC residents dealing with a higher chronic disease burden before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Findings from this study can support equitable COVID-19 recovery, and guide efforts with health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic massagers have gained popularity for their non-invasive and cost-effective approach to healthcare. However, existing electronic massagers require manual manipulation, leading to inconsistency. Objective: To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the Electronic Massager—Expert Manipulative Massage Automation (EMMA) among the American population. Methods: A single-arm pilot study was conducted at Mayo Clinic Rochester campus. Participants received massage therapy with the EMMA treatment model and completed a demographics and Satisfaction Survey Questionnaire. Data were collected using REDCap, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Twenty healthy volunteers (13 women, 7 men; median age, 47 years) participated and completed the intervention within 2 weeks. No adverse events were reported. Overall, the acceptability and satisfaction of massage utilizing EMMA were high, with all participants finding the study worthwhile, willing to participate again, and willing to recommend the study to others. Regarding the overall experience, 65.0% reported a better-than-expected experience. Responses to open-ended post-treatment questions showed that most participants enjoyed the warmth (35%), pressure (25%), and relaxation (20%) provided by EMMA, with the majority suggesting no changes or improvements were needed. However, some participants expressed a desire for an expanded massage area (20%). Conclusions: This study suggests that the EMMA massager has high acceptability and satisfaction among healthy volunteers, thus demonstrating its feasibility. However, further research is needed to optimize EMMA and assess its clinical effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hate crimes generally have severe victim outcomes compared to other crimes, and therefore warrant further investigation. These types of crimes can often happen in neighborhoods where people from various cultures, socioeconomic backgrounds, religions, etc. meet. Understanding how neighborhood tensions impact the level of hate crimes is important in reducing hate crimes and building community. The current study investigates neighborhood level predictors of hate crimes in a borough of New York City (NYC). Using symbolic threat and defended neighborhoods frameworks, we consider how 311 noise complaints and land use rezoning data can be predictors of hate crimes. We use data from the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and NYC Land Use Tax Output. We find that hate crimes are more likely in the neighborhoods where the noise complaints and land use rezoning are higher than the median. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Textbook knowledge and clinical dogma are often insufficient for effective evidence-based decision making when treating musculoskeletal injuries in American football players, given the variability in presentation and outcomes across different sports and different levels of competition. Key evidence can be drawn directly from high-quality published articles to make the appropriate decisions and recommendations for each athlete's unique situation. Purpose: To identify and analyze the 50 most cited articles related to football-related musculoskeletal injury to provide an efficient tool in the arsenal of trainees, researchers, and evidence-based practitioners alike. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were queried for articles pertaining to musculoskeletal injury in American football. For each of the top 50 most cited articles, bibliometric elements were evaluated: citation count and density, decade of publication, journal, country, multiple publications by the same first author or senior author, article content (topic, injury area), and level of evidence (LOE). Results: The mean ± SD number of citations was 102.76 ± 37.11; the most cited article, with 227 citations, was "Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains" published in 1991 by Boytim et al. Several authors served as a first or senior author on >1 publication, including J.S. Torg (n = 6), J.P. Bradley (n = 4), and J.W. Powell (n = 4). The American Journal of Sports Medicine published the majority of the 50 most cited articles (n = 31). A total of 29 articles discussed lower extremity injuries, while only 4 discussed upper extremity injuries. The majority of the articles (n = 28) had an LOE of 4, with only 1 article having an LOE of 1. The articles with an LOE of 3 had the highest mean citation number (133.67 ± 55.23; F = 4.02; P =.05). Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the need for more prospective research surrounding the management of football-related injury. The low overall number of articles on upper extremity injury (n = 4) also highlights an area for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This article describes the process used to adapt the only group-based, computer-assisted, HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention intervention designed for drug-using Black women in community corrections using an integrated health equity ADAPT-ITT framework with a peer engagement lens. Methods: Key adaptation partners included cisgender, drug-using Black women in community corrections, and Black, female, community reentry providers slated to deliver the adapted intervention. Focus groups and a study pilot were held. Results: The resulting intervention, Empowering African-American Women on the Road to Health (E-WORTH), features HIV/STI-specific Afrocentric themes of risk and resiliency tailored for and by Black women in the criminal legal system. Evaluation of E-WORTH confirms its cultural resonance. Participants had a 54% lowered odds of testing positive for any STI and reported 38% fewer acts of condomless vaginal or anal intercourse at 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: Findings underscore the need to develop an adaptation model that is explicitly health equity in focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Women who have direct exposure to incarceration or indirect exposure through their partner are at high risk for poor health behaviors and outcomes, which may have lasting impacts on their children. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of recent incarceration exposure among women with a recent live birth and assess the relationship between incarceration exposure and maternal and child health. Methods: We used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (36 states and New York City, 2012-2015; N = 146 329) to estimate the prevalence of women reporting that they or their husband/partner spent time in jail during the 12 months before giving birth. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between incarceration exposure and maternal and infant health conditions. Results: The prevalence of incarceration exposure shortly before or during pregnancy was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.6%-3.9%). Women with incarceration exposure had increased odds of prepregnancy hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.26-1.81), prepregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.95 [95% CI, 1.73-2.19] and 1.49 [95% CI, 1.32-1.67], respectively), and having an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (aOR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33). Conclusion: Because a parent's incarceration exposure is an adverse childhood experience with the potential to disrupt important developmental periods and have negative impacts on the socioemotional and health outcomes of children, it is critical for researchers and health care providers to better understand its impact on maternal and infant health. Prenatal and postnatal care may provide opportunities to address incarceration-related health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the development and initial psychometric properties of the School Interference Questionnaire (SIQ), a questionnaire designed to assess both academic functional impairment related to mental health problems and the type and frequency of school refusal behavior. Participants were 110 youth ages 13 to 18 years (M = 15.41 years, SD = 1.42) admitted to an adolescent partial hospitalization program. The majority of participants identified as female (57.3%), Caucasian (59.1%), and non-Latino (70.0%). Internal consistency of the 12 SIQ core interference items was excellent (Cronbach's α =.91). The factor structure suggested that a single factor was appropriate for the 12 school interference items. Correlations between the SIQ and other measures in this study provided support for construct validity. The average SIQ core interference item score showed evidence of convergent validity via correlations with measures of school refusal, global disability, and internalizing symptoms. The SIQ also exhibited no significant association with timing of study enrollment, suggesting evidence for divergent validity. Results provide initial evidence supporting the psychometric properties of this novel measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prior research has indicated that posttraumatic growth (PTG) often co-occurs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is yet unclear what longitudinal patterns of posttraumatic symptom levels may predict the development of PTG. Methods: World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers (2038 police and 2103 non-traditional responders) were assessed an average of 3, 6, 8, and 12 years post-9/11/2001. Responders' WTC-related PTSD symptoms were characterized by No/Low Symptom, Worsening/Subtly Worsening, Steeply Worsening (only for non-traditional responders), Improving, and Chronic trajectories. PTSD symptom trajectories were examined as predictors of PTG, which was assessed using total scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form. Results: Across both occupational groups, being female, older, Hispanic, and experiencing more post-9/11 traumatic events were independently associated with self-reported PTG. Among police responders, a greater number of WTC exposures and supportive family members while working at the WTC site were linked to higher PTG. Among non-traditional responders, Black race/ethnicity, less education, fewer pre-9/11 traumatic events, and the presence of support while working at the WTC site were additionally linked to higher PTG. Only the moderate PTSD symptom trajectories (ie, worsening and improving) for police responders and all symptomatic trajectories for non-traditional responders were associated with higher levels of PTG. Conclusions: Symptomatic 12-year trajectories of PTSD symptoms and certain sociodemographic characteristics, stressor exposures, and supportive resources were associated with PTG in traditional and non-traditional WTC responders. Results provide insight into subgroups of WTC responders who may benefit from PTG-promoting interventions, as well as potentially modifiable targets to help foster PTG in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model, an important component of healthcare transformation in the United States, is an approach to primary care delivery with the goal of improving population health and the patient care experience while reducing costs. PCMH research most often focuses on system level indicators including healthcare use and cost; descriptions of patient and provider experience with PCMH are relatively sparse and commonly limited in scope. This study, part of a mixed-methods evaluation of a multi-year New York State initiative to refine and expand the PCMH model, describes patient and provider experience with New York State PCMH and its key components. Methods: The qualitative component of the evaluation included focus groups with patients of PCMH practices in 5 New York State counties (n = 9 groups and 67 participants) and interviews with providers and practice administrators at New York State PCMH practices (n = 9 interviews with 10 participants). Through these focus groups and interviews, we elicited first-person descriptions of experiences with, as well as perspectives on, key components of the New York State PCMH model, including accessibility, expanded use of electronic health records, integration of behavioral health care, and care coordination. Results: There was evident progress and some satisfaction with the PCMH model, particularly regarding integrated behavioral health and, to some extent, expanded use of electronic health records. There was less evident progress with respect to improved access and reasonable wait times, which caused patients to continue to use urgent care or the emergency department as substitutes for primary care. Conclusions: It is critical to understand the strengths and limitations of the PCMH model, so as to continue to improve upon and promote it. Strengths of the model were evident to participants in this study; however, challenges were also described. It is important to note that these challenges are difficult to separate from wider healthcare system issues, including inadequate incentives for value-based care, and carry implications for PCMH and other models of healthcare delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: We examined the effects of a statewide New York (NY) care management (CM) program for substance use disorder (SUD), Managed Addiction Treatment Services (MATS), on SUD treatment services' utilization and spending among patients with a recent history of high Medicaid spending and among those for whom a predictive algorithm indicates a higher probability of outlier spending in the following year. METHODS: We applied difference-in-difference analyses with propensity score matching using NY Medicaid claims data and a state registry of SUD-treatment episodes from 2006 to 2009. A total of 1263 CM enrollees with high SUD treatment spending (>$10K) in the prior year and a matched comparison group were included in the analysis. Crisis care utilization for SUD (detoxification and hospitalizations), outpatient SUD treatment, and Medicaid spending were examined over 12 months among both groups. CM effects among predicted high-future-spending patients (HFS) were also analyzed. RESULTS: CM increased outpatient SUD treatment visits by approximately 10.5 days (95% CI = 0.9, 20.0). CM crisis care and spending outcomes were not statistically different from comparison since both conditions had comparable pre-post declines. Conversely, CM significantly reduced SUD treatment spending by approximately $955 (95% CI = -1518, -391) and reduced days of detox utilization by about 1.0 days (95% CI = -1.9, -0.1) among HFS. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that CM can reduce SUD treatment spending and utilization when targeted at patients with a greater likelihood of high future spending, indicating the potential value of predictive models to select CM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prior research has indicated that posttraumatic growth (PTG) often co-occurs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is yet unclear what longitudinal patterns of posttraumatic symptom levels may predict the development of PTG. Methods: World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers (2038 police and 2103 non-traditional responders) were assessed an average of 3, 6, 8, and 12 years post-9/11/2001. Responders' WTC-related PTSD symptoms were characterized by No/Low Symptom, Worsening/Subtly Worsening, Steeply Worsening (only for non-traditional responders), Improving, and Chronic trajectories. PTSD symptom trajectories were examined as predictors of PTG, which was assessed using total scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form. Results: Across both occupational groups, being female, older, Hispanic, and experiencing more post-9/11 traumatic events were independently associated with self-reported PTG. Among police responders, a greater number of WTC exposures and supportive family members while working at the WTC site were linked to higher PTG. Among non-traditional responders, Black race/ethnicity, less education, fewer pre-9/11 traumatic events, and the presence of support while working at the WTC site were additionally linked to higher PTG. Only the moderate PTSD symptom trajectories (ie, worsening and improving) for police responders and all symptomatic trajectories for non-traditional responders were associated with higher levels of PTG. Conclusions: Symptomatic 12-year trajectories of PTSD symptoms and certain sociodemographic characteristics, stressor exposures, and supportive resources were associated with PTG in traditional and non-traditional WTC responders. Results provide insight into subgroups of WTC responders who may benefit from PTG-promoting interventions, as well as potentially modifiable targets to help foster PTG in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how a diverse group of sexual and gender minority (SGM) homeless youth described and understood their victimization experiences occurring before they were homeless and those occurring after they were homeless and engaging in survival sex. In addition, the study explored how these youths manifested resilience when living on the street. The sample consisted of 283 racially/ethnically diverse youth between the ages of 15 and 26 years (M = 19.6, SD = 1.28) living in a large U.S. city. Participants identified their gender as male (47%), female (36%), transgender (15%), or queer and other (3%) and their sexual orientation as bisexual (37%), gay (23%), lesbian (15%), heterosexual (13%), or queer and other (13%). Thirty-seven percent identified as Black, 30% as multiracial, 22% as Latino/a, 5% as White, and 5% as another race. Content and thematic analyses were used to conduct a secondary analysis of qualitative data. Four themes were identified: unsafe and unsupported at home; barriers to housing and employment stability; ongoing victimization and lack of protection ; and unexpected opportunities for resilience. Findings demonstrated that participants experienced victimization related not only to their SGM identities but also to chaotic home environments. Once homeless and engaging in survival sex, youth experienced barriers to securing employment and housing as well as victimization by police and clients. These experiences frequently involved prejudice related to their intersecting identities. Despite encountering numerous challenges, participants described surviving on the streets by living openly and forming relationships with other youth. Implications for practice and policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A trauma-informed educational support group pilot addressed traumatic stress, substance use disorders (SUDs), and child-rearing for clients who were pregnant and/or parenting young children. Methods: Seeking Safety was adapted with parenting content and delivered at two intensive residential rehabilitation facilities. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the pilot. Forty-eight participants completed starting assessments (intention-to-treat) and 31 graduates completed postgroup surveys (per protocol). Focus group sessions were completed with 19 graduates. Results: Paired samples t tests of intention-to-treat data showed a statistically significant decrease in self-reported symptoms of stress and substance cravings and increases in positive behaviors and parenting self-efficacy. There were no statistically significant differences on lifestyle behaviors, parenting skill, and parenting confidence. Most participants found the intervention acceptable and felt supported to improve their parenting. Discussion: Trauma-informed parenting education support in inpatient rehabilitation settings may offer an important complement to existing SUD and parenting programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the potential role of hairstylists in helping intimate partner violence (IPV) victims in the Korean immigrant communities using a cross-sectional survey design that includes open- and close-ended survey questions. In all, 47 Korean hair salon stylists were surveyed on their experience with their clients related to IPV. The findings of this study reveal that a high percentage of clients disclosed their and their friends' IPV victimization to the hair salon stylists. Some of the hair salon stylists' characteristics, such as years of working and the length of residence in the United States, were statistically associated with IPV disclosure among their clients. Most hair salon stylists were willing to help their clients in general, but they were not well-prepared to help IPV victims due to a lack of resources and knowledge. We conclude that hair salons have a great potential to increase IPV-related knowledge in immigrant communities (including the Korean community) and help IPV victims pending appropriate training aimed at improving their knowledge and competencies regarding IPV identification and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is an understudied health problem among young gay, bisexual, and other non-identified young men who have sex with men (YMSM). According to cross-sectional studies, IPV is associated with psychosocial and mental health problems, such as stigma and depression, among YMSM. IPV is also associated with health-risk behaviors, such as substance use, among this population. Yet, to date, no studies have used longitudinal data to examine determinants of IPV among YMSM. This gap in the extant literature is problematic, as it limits our understanding of how to intervene to interrupt cycles of violence. The aim of the present study was to examine longitudinal determinants of IPV among a sample of (N = 526) YMSM living in the New York City area. Longitudinal analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to examine individual, relationship, mental health, psychosocial, and substance use factors in relation to IPV victimization and perpetration. Most notably, early experiences of IPV were a robust predictor of later experiences of IPV victimization and perpetration. Relationship status, depression, public gay-related stigma, and illicit substance use were associated with IPV victimization over time. Similarly, relationship status, depression, public gay-related stigma, marijuana, and other illicit substance were associated with IPV perpetration. These findings suggest that prevention programs and awareness campaigns should aim to reach YMSM before their first experiences of relationship violence, as these early experiences of violence are strongly linked to later experiences of violence. Also, IPV interventions should be tailored to the needs of YMSM and should target depressive symptoms, gay-related stigma, and substance use behaviors. Additionally, substance use interventions may be improved by addressing IPV. Finally, policymakers should support policies that improve the social climate for LGBTQ people, thereby reducing gay-related stigma, and potentially stemming violence against and among YMSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Discrimination is associated with negative health outcomes among Latinos. Research on the link between discrimination and inflammation in adults has focused on pro-inflammatory markers rather than characterizing the more informative balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of everyday discrimination with inflammation ratio (defined as the ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines) in a sample of middle-aged and older Latinas. Methods: Latinas were recruited from an existing study in New York City. Participants reported frequency and count of everyday discrimination. Peripheral blood was used to analyze pro- (IL-1 B and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. The inflammation ratio was calculated by dividing the sum of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the sum of anti-inflammatory cytokines. We used linear regression to assess the link between everyday discrimination and inflammation ratio. Results: The final sample included 40 Latinas (mean age = 63.2 years). Approximately 68% had household incomes less than $15,000. More than half (53%) reported experiencing some form of everyday discrimination. Regression models showed everyday discrimination was not associated with individual pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In adjusted regression models, the frequency of everyday discrimination was not associated with inflammation ratios (B [ SE ] = 0.57[0.30], p =.07). However, a higher count of everyday discrimination was associated with inflammation ratios (B [ SE ] = 1.15[0.55], p =.04). Conclusions: The count of everyday discrimination was positively associated with inflammation in Latina women. Future studies should replicate these findings using longitudinal assessment of discrimination and inflammatory markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has recently found that sexual harassment occurs throughout our education system. Although the focus of these studies has been on both verbal and physical sexual harassment, the literature is scant when examining just verbal sexual harassment. Using self-report data from 30 New York City middle schools, the current study adds to the literature by examining the prevalence of verbal sexual harassment victimization and perpetration through the lens of gender and dating experiences. The study highlights that boys are verbally sexually harassed more than girls and students with dating experience are more likely to be victims or perpetrators of verbal sexual harassment. Additional findings, limitations, and policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate whether people with cerebellar degeneration can perform rigorous aerobic exercise and to assess the clinical impact of training. Design: Randomized single-blinded controlled, feasibility study comparing aerobic training to no training. Setting: Home intervention, assessments conducted at an academic medical center. Subjects: Twenty individuals with cerebellar degeneration caused by a range of genetic disorders. Intervention: Aerobic training consisted of four weeks of stationary bicycle training, five times per week for 30-minute sessions. Intensity ranged from 65% to 80% of the participant's maximal heart rate determined during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Main measures: Primary outcome measure was change in the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores. Recruitment rate, adherence, drop-out, and adverse events were also determined. The treatment was considered technically feasible if participants achieved target training frequency, duration, and intensity. Results: The 20 participants mean age was 50 years (standard deviation 15.65 years) and average Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score was 9.6 (standard deviation 3.13). Ten participants were randomized to aerobic training and 10 to no training. Seven participants in the aerobic group attained target training duration, frequency, and intensity. There was a mean reduction in ataxia severity of 2.1 points (standard deviation 1.26) with four weeks of aerobic training, whereas ataxia severity increased by 0.3 (standard deviation 0.62) in the control group over the same period. Walking speed, balance measures, and fitness also improved in individuals who performed aerobic exercise. Conclusions: Rigorous aerobic training is feasible in people with cerebellar degeneration. Improvements in ataxia, balance, and gait are promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is significant literature on the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) in order to improve health care outcomes. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has expanded the ability of Medicare Advantage plans to cover SDOH-related services. Medicare home health does not cover SDOH-related services. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health. The current study is an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 37 home care nurses between January 2013 and May 2014 in the New York City metropolitan area. Results indicate that nurses believe the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health results in exacerbation of existing patient conditions; creation of new, additional patient conditions; increased home care readmissions and re-hospitalizations; increased caregiver burden; and exacerbation of patients' mental health and substance abuse needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As implementation and evaluation of research supported treatment (RST) expands across diverse mental health settings, it is essential to understand the facilitators and inhibitors of uptake. The current study examined the relationships between organizational readiness for change, attitudes toward RST, and use of RST among a sample primarily of social workers. Methods: Participants included 158 providers from public child mental health outpatient clinics in the New York metropolitan area. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Use of RST was greater among providers who were younger and had fewer years of professional experience. Both organizational need for change and climate directly and indirectly related to use of RST through attitudes toward RST (partial mediator). Discussion: The organizational context is an important factor that relates to attitudes toward and use of RST in practice. Future research is needed to continue examining factors of RST uptake and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II (HIT) is a rare but potentially fatal antibody-mediated reaction to all forms of heparin (unfractionated heparin, low-molecular weight heparin, heparin flushes, and heparin-coated catheters), which can lead to HIT with thrombosis. Two tests commonly used to screen for HIT include the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serotonin release assay (SRA). This is a retrospective chart review study conducted from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2014, to estimate the rate of true HIT in critical care patients at Winthrop-University Hospital, located in Mineola, New York. Patients are classified as positive for HIT if both ELISA and SRA immunoassays are positive. We reviewed 507 heparin immunoassays, excluding 64 who had an inappropriate ELISA test sent due to no administration of heparin, enoxaparin, or heparin lock flush at this or previous hospital stays at Winthrop. Of the 443 heparin immunoassays, ELISA results were positive for 66 patients (15.1%), and only 11 (2.5%) patients had true cases of HIT with a 95% confidence interval of 1.3% to 4.4%. The 4T score for those with true HIT (median: 5.0) was statistically higher compared to those without true HIT (median: 2.0; P <.001). Despite guidelines in place, overtesting for HIT is still a prevalent issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the impact of a mindfulness intervention on nurse managers in an acute care hospital. Design: A pre/post intervention design with three data collection points: prior to, at the conclusion of, and at 3 months following the intervention. Method: A survey to measure the impact of a mindfulness workshops on nurse managers' perception of professional quality of life, burnout, and perceived wellness. Findings: There were significant changes in the scores on the compassion satisfaction (T-1 mean 3.9, T-2 mean 4.5, p = .002) and burnout subscales (T-1 mean 3.4, T-2 mean 2.8, p = .016) of the Professional Quality of Life scale, and on personal burnout (T-1 mean 4.2, T-2 mean 3.8, p = .023) and work-related burnout (T-1 mean 4.0, T-2 mean 3.5, p = .029) on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale, following the mindfulness intervention. The 3-month follow-up scores on compassion satisfaction were higher but not statistically significant (p = .810). Scores on the burnout scales, while lower than the preintervention levels, were higher at the 3-month follow-up than immediately following the intervention. Conclusions: These findings suggest that mindfulness practices need to be reinforced. Without continuous reinforcement, it may become a self-care practice moved to the bottom of the list of things to be done among the activities of a busy day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clearest career path to the middle class generally involves access, and completion, of postsecondary education. However, persons with disabilities are less likely to enroll or graduate from college compared with their same-age peers without disabilities. The quality of life of students with disabilities, and their well-being, may be a root cause of low graduation rates. To flourish in life is to both feel good and function effectively. Seligman developed the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) model that may be useful in understanding the well-being of individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine the factorial structure of the PERMA model in sample college students with disabilities and then examine the model’s relationship with outcomes important to college adjustment such as academic achievement, relationship problems, stress, life satisfaction, and core self-evaluation. Ninety-seven college students with disabilities enrolled in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) were recruited for the study. Findings support a one-factor solution for the PERMA measurement model. Furthermore, PERMA was negatively correlated with factors associated with college difficulty and positively associated with factors linked to college success. The PERMA model also demonstrated that well-being mediates the relationship between functional disability and life satisfaction. Implications for rehabilitation researchers and practitioners are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many long-term studies have looked at outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), but none have correlated long-term outcomes with postoperative laxity greater than 5 mm. It has been stated previously that more than 5 mm of postoperative graft laxity constituted a procedural failure. Purpose: To directly compare tight grafts (<3 mm) and loose grafts (>5 mm) to determine the effect of graft laxity, as measured by KT-1000 arthrometer, after ACLR on long-term clinical outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The study included 171 consecutive patients who had undergone transtibial bone–patellar tendon–bone ACLR between 1992 and 1998. At 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively (the immediate postoperative period), patients were evaluated. Group A included patients with a maximal side-to-side (STS) difference in the immediate postoperative period of less than 3 mm (tight grafts), and group B included patients with a maximal STS difference of greater than 5 mm (loose grafts). Any patient with a history of ipsilateral or contralateral ACLR or ACL injury, meniscectomy, or cartilage restoration was excluded. Patients were prospectively followed to long-term follow-up, when a telephone interview was conducted regarding knee function and to document Lysholm, Tegner, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective outcome scores. Results: Eighty-seven patients met inclusion criteria: 66 tight grafts (group A) and 21 loose grafts (group B). The mean ± SD time to follow-up was 16.3 ± 1.5 years in group A (n = 46) and 16.8 ± 1.3 years in group B (n = 15). Tegner (P = .77), Lysholm (P = .85), KOOS (P = .96), and IKDC (P = .42) were found to have no statistically significant difference between groups at long-term follow-up. Both Tegner and Lysholm scores significantly improved in tight and loose grafts in the immediate postoperative period as well as at long-term follow-up compared with preoperatively. There were 2 ACL revisions in group A and none in group B. Eleven of 46 patients (24%) in group A required subsequent procedures versus 1 of 15 patients (6.7%) in group B (P = .146). Conclusion: Postoperative laxity of greater than 5 mm STS difference as measured by KT-1000 arthrometer does not appear to place patients at a worse clinical outcome at long-term follow-up, nor does it lead to significantly more subsequent procedures. In addition, transtibial ACLR can provide excellent clinical results at long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States resettles close to 70,000 refugees each year more than any other country in the world. Adult refugees are at risk for negative health outcomes and inefficient health resource use, and meeting the multiple health needs of this vulnerable population is a challenge. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a home health care (HHC) pilot project on meeting the needs of older adult refugee patients. A retrospective chart review of 40 refugee adult patients who participated in an HHC pilot was done to analyze their health outcomes using OASIS-C data. Participants’ pain level, anxiety level, medication management, and activities of daily living management all significantly improved over the course of their HHC episode. Results of this study indicate that HHC has great potential to improve the health of vulnerable refugee populations and assist the families involved in their care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting the wide range of consensual unwanted sexual experiences, researchers often have contrasting views of the impact of these incidents on young women. Some scholars support a normalizing view of these as fairly harmless and ordinary aspects of relationships, akin to other forms of willing compromises between partners. Other researchers problematize unwanted sexual experiences, framing them in terms of gender inequalities and detrimental effects. In the current study, we were interested in how young women themselves characterized their unwanted sexual experiences and whether these accounts varied according to a woman’s social location. We interviewed 41 young women (18–22 years old) from three groups: affluent undergraduates, low-income undergraduates, and low-income nonstudents. Almost all of the affluent undergraduates framed their unwanted sexual experiences in normalizing terms, representing such events as relatively harmless incidents and outgrowths of developmental experimentation. In contrast, the low-income students and nonstudents both articulated more ambivalent positions and were more inclined to link their experience to sources of vulnerability, including personal adversity (e.g., trauma, social, and material insecurity) and social norms and stigma. Participants’ sexual histories, life circumstances, and standpoints at the intersection of gender and class were reflected in their experiences of unwanted sex, reinforcing that contextualized analyses and interventions are essential to advancing women’s sexual rights and well-being. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What drives local decisions to prohibit industrial land uses? This study examines the passage of municipal ordinances prohibiting gas development using hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) in New York State. I argue that local action against fracking depended on multiple conceptions of the shale gas industry. Matching these alternative conceptions with prevailing spatial models of public response to industrial land uses—“not in my backyard,” “not in anyone’s backyard,” and “please in my backyard”—improves our understanding of where local contention might emerge and how it contributes to policy change. Results from event history and logistic regression analyses show, first, that communities lying above favorable areas of the shale did not pass anti-fracking laws because opposition to fracking was counteracted by significant local support for development. Fracking bans passed primarily in a geographic sweet spot on the periphery of targeted regions, where little or no compelling economic interest in development existed. Second, as fracking became the subject of a highly politicized national debate, local opposition increasingly reflected mobilization by political liberals. This trend is reflected in the increasing rate of ordinance adoption among Democratic-leaning communities outside the geographic sweet spot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to evaluate a statewide obesity prevention program, designed to improve two social determinants of health (access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity) by changing worksite policies, systems, and environments. We used data on social determinants of health to identify priority communities and funded 25 contractors to recruit and engage worksites in those communities. We employed a pre/post quasi-experimental design and used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Worksite Health ScoreCard to assess implementation of nutrition and physical activity strategies. Contractors collaborated with partners to conduct pre- and postassessments at 313 worksites. Worksites were successful at implementing all except one strategy; implementation doubled for eight strategies and tripled for three. We used weighted scores to incorporate strength of the evidence-base and level of impact into our analysis; increases in strategy implementation were statistically significant in worksites that provided places to purchase food and beverages and in those that did not. Our study revealed several important recommendations for practice. Use available data to prioritize communities experiencing health disparities and identify PSE change strategies to increase access to nutritious foods and physical activity opportunities. Engage with reputable community-based partners from different sectors when designing and implementing programs. Use standardized tools, such as the Worksite Health ScoreCard, to evaluate public health initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: High rates of hospitalization and death disproportionately affected Black, Latino, and Asian residents of New York City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. To suppress COVID-19 transmission, New York City implemented a workforce of community engagement specialists (CESs) to conduct home-based contact tracing when telephone numbers were lacking or telephone-based efforts were unsuccessful and to disseminate COVID-19 information and sanitary supplies. Materials and Methods: We describe the recruitment, training, and deployment of a multilingual CES workforce with diverse sociodemographic backgrounds during July–December 2020 in New York City. We developed standard operating procedures for infection control and safety measures, procured supplies and means of transportation, and developed protocols and algorithms to efficiently distribute workload. Results: From July through December 2020, 519 CESs were trained to conduct in-person contact tracing and activities in community settings, including homes, schools, and businesses, where they disseminated educational materials, face masks, hand sanitizer, and home-based specimen collection kits. During the study period, 94 704 records of people with COVID-19 and 61 246 contacts not reached by telephone-based contact tracers were referred to CESs. CESs attempted home visits or telephone calls with 84 230 people with COVID-19 and 49 303 contacts, reaching approximately 55 592 (66%) and 35 005 (71%), respectively. Other CES activities included monitoring recently arrived travelers under quarantine, eliciting contacts at point-of-care testing sites, and advising schools on school-based COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Practice Implications: This diverse CES workforce allowed for safe, in-person implementation of contact tracing and other prevention services for individuals and communities impacted by COVID-19. This approach prioritized equitable delivery of community-based support services and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 065 trial sought to expand HIV screening of emergency department (ED) patients in Bronx, New York, and Washington, D.C. This study assessed the testing costs associated with different expansion processes and compared them with costs of a hypothetical optimized process. Methods. Micro-costing studies were conducted in two participating EDs in each city that switched from point-of-care (POC) to rapid-result laboratory testing. In three EDs, laboratory HIV testing was only conducted for patients having blood drawn for clinical reasons; in the other ED, all HIV testing was conducted with laboratory testing. Costs were estimated through direct observation and interviews to document process flows, time estimates, and labor and materials costs. A hypothetical optimized process flow used minimum time estimates for each process step. National wage and fringe rates and local reagent costs were used to determine the average cost (excluding overhead) per completed nonreactive and reactive test in 2013 U.S. dollars. Results. Laboratory HIV testing costs in the EDs ranged from $17.00 to $23.83 per completed nonreactive test, and POC testing costs ranged from $17.64 to $37.60; cost per completed reactive test ranged from $89.29 to $123.17. Costs of hypothetical optimized HIV testing with automated process steps were approximately 45% lower for nonreactive tests and 20% lower for reactive tests. The cost per ED visit to conduct expanded HIV testing in each hospital ranged from $1.21 to $3.96. Conclusion. An optimized process could achieve additional cost savings but would require an investment in electronic system interfaces to further automate testing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical and psychosocial effects of the Wii Fit exergames incorporating self-efficacy theory on assisted living residents. The study was a quasi-experimental pre/post-test design. Thirty-two participants were recruited from two assisted living facilities. Sixteen participants received the Wii Fit exergames incorporating self-efficacy theory twice a week for 4 weeks. The other participants received a health education program. Physical function, fear of falling, depression, and quality of life were evaluated. T tests were used for data analysis. After the 4-week intervention, the Wii Fit group showed significant improvements in balance (p < .01), mobility (p < .01), and depression (p < .05). The education group showed no significant improvement in any of the outcomes. Integrating concepts of self-efficacy theory with the exergames show promise as a potential tool to improve and maintain physical and psychosocial health for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of stereotactic-arm assisted acetabular component placement during total hip arthroplasty (THA).~Aims~Objective~120 patients underwent primary THA at 4 different medical centres. A preoperative pelvic CT protocol was used to plan socket placement followed by robotic-arm assisted acetabular preparation and cup insertion. Intraoperative cup position was recorded and postoperative placement measured using Martell suite analysis software.~Methods~Methods~Using a 95% predictive intervals, robotic-arm cup placement was within +/-4 degrees of planned position in 95% of cases. Applying these data to the so-called safe zone, 96% of sockets were within the defined safe zone. Our data confirms that intraoperative robotic assistance improves the precision of preparation and position of the acetabular cup during total hip arthroplasty.~Results~Results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess current practices of New York State pediatricians as they transition youth with special health care needs to adult-oriented medical care. Methods. A survey of New York State pediatricians included 6 critical steps from 2002 consensus statement, 11 essential steps adapted from recent literature, and questions targeting age of starting transition and availability of transition policy. Results. Of 181 respondents, only 11% have a transition policy. Most assist patients in transition process; identify an adult provider (92%); and create portable medical summary (57%). Only 3% start planning process at recommended age. No respondents are compliant with all 6 critical steps; subspecialists were more likely to report compliance to more than 4 steps. Conclusions. Participating pediatricians are making gains, yet effort is needed, to incorporate the essential steps into practice for transitioning youth with special health care needs. Recognition of barriers, use of electronic tools, and clarifying subspecialist’s approach, may improve compliance with transition recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Concussions impair balance, visual acuity, and reaction time—all of which are required for high-level batting performance—but the effects of concussion on batting performance have not been reported. The authors examined this relationship between concussion and batting performance among Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Hypothesis: Batting performance among concussed MLB players will be worse upon return to play than batting performance among players missing time for noninjury reasons. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors identified MLB players who sustained a concussion between 2007 and 2013 through league disabled-list records and a Baseball Prospectus database. For a comparison group, they identified players who went on paternity or bereavement leave during the same period. Using repeated-measures generalized linear models, the authors compared 7 batting metrics between the 2 groups for the 2 weeks upon return, as well as 4 to 6 weeks after return, controlling for pre-leave batting metrics, number of days missed, and position. Results: The authors identified 66 concussions and 68 episodes of bereavement/paternity leave to include in the analysis. In the 2 weeks after return, batting average (.235 vs .266), on-base percentage (.294 vs .326), slugging percentage (.361 vs .423), and on-base plus slugging (.650 vs .749) were significantly lower among concussed players relative to the bereavement/paternity leave players (time 3 group interaction, P\.05). In weeks 4 to 6 after leave, these metrics were slightly lower in concussed players but not statistically significantly so. Conclusion: Although concussed players may be asymptomatic upon return to play, the residual effects of concussion on the skills required for batting may still be present. Further work is needed to clarify the mechanism through which batting performance after concussion is adversely affected and to identify better measures to use for return-to-play decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-Related Chronic Disease, recommending HCV testing for populations most likely to be infected with HCV. However, the implementation of risk-based screening has not been widely adopted in health care settings, and 45% to 85% of infected U.S. adults remain unidentified. Objectives. To develop a better understanding of why CDC’s 1998 recommendations have had limited success in identifying persons with HCV infection and provide information about how CDC’s 2012 Recommendations for the Identification of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Persons Born During 1945-1965 may be implemented more effectively. Design. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed from a multidisciplinary team as part of the Birth Cohort Evaluation to Advance Screening and Testing for Hepatitis C project. Respondents. Nineteen providers were asked open-ended questions to identify current perspectives, practices, facilitators, and barriers to HCV screening and testing. Providers were affiliated with Henry Ford Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, the University of Alabama, and the University of Texas Health Science Center. Results. Respondents reported the complexity of the 1998 recommendations, and numerous indicated risk factors were major barriers to effective implementation. Other hindrances to hepatitis C testing included physician discomfort in asking questions about socially undesirable behaviors and physician uncertainty about patient insurance coverage. Conclusion. Implementation of the CDC’s 2012 recommendations could be more successful than the 1998 recommendations due to their relative simplicity; however, effective strategies need to be used for dissemination and implementation for full success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV testing behavior is important in understanding the high rates of undiagnosed infection among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Correlates of repeat/recent testing (within the past year and ≥5 tests during lifetime) and test avoidance (never or >5 years earlier) were examined among 608 sexually active Hispanic/Latino MSM (Miami-Dade County and New York City). Those who reported repeat/recent testing were more likely to have incomes over $30,000, speak English predominately, and have visited and disclosed same-sex behavior to a health care provider (HCP) in the past year. Those who were classified as test avoiders were less likely to have incomes over $10,000 and to have seen an HCP in the past year. The main reason for not testing (in both groups) was fear of HIV positivity; however, twice as many test avoiders considered this their main reason, and more test avoiders had confidentiality concerns. Results suggest that messages to encourage testing among Hispanic/Latino MSM may be most effective if past testing patterns and reasons for not testing are considered. HCPs can play an important role by consistently offering HIV tests to MSM and tailoring messages based on prior testing histories. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

HIV positive patients are a high risk population due to the alteration in their immune status. Healthcare associated infections (HAI) have not been well described in this population, with some risk factors reported inconsistently in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology as well as the underlying risk factors for HAI, specifically urinary tract infection (UTI), bloodstream infection (BSI) and respiratory tract infection (RTI). This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in three hospitals at an academic health system in New York City, over a two year period from 2006 to 2008. There were 3,877 HIV positive patient discharges in 1,911 patients. There were a total of 142 UTI, 106 BSI, and 100 RTI. The incidence rates were 4.35 for UTI, 3.16 for BSI and 2.98 for RTI. CD4 count and antiretroviral therapy were not associated with HAI. Significant predictors of UTI included urinary catheter, length of stay, female gender, steroids and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX); of BSI were steroids and TMP-SMX; and RTI were mechanical ventilation, steroids and TMP-SMX. Multivariable analysis indicated that TMP-SMX was significantly associated with an increased risk of infection for all three types of HAI [BSI odds ratio 2.55, 95% confidence interval (1.22–5.34); UTI odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval (1.41–7.22); RTI odds ratio 5.15, 95% confidence interval (1.70–15.62)]. HIV positive patients are at significant risk for developing HAI, but the risk factors differ depending on the specific type of infection. The fact that TMP-SMX is a risk factor in these patients warrants further research as this may have significant health policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research which examined the imaging and functional outcomes of patients with shoulder dislocations who had arthroscopic simultaneous rotator cuff repair and bankart repair. Topics covered include impact of the repair on patients with Bankart lesions and superior labral injury. Also mentioned is the potential recurrence of the condition after the repairs.

Johnson’s intimate partner violence (IPV) typology—categorizing IPV by both use and receipt of physical violence and controlling behaviors—effectively predicts IPV consequences among adults. His typology has not yet been applied to adolescents, an important population for early IPV intervention. Therefore, in analyzing IPV covariates among 493 female urban high school students, we used as key predictors both Johnson’s original typology and, for enhanced clarity, a relationship-level extension. Preliminary evidence suggests that the pattern of adolescent IPV differs substantially from that of adult IPV and that a relationship-level typology provided additional clarity in categorizing this pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Previous research has shown that there is an overlap between experiences of youth violence and adolescent relationship violence. Yet, little research exists which investigates the sex differences in the associations between specific types of youth violence and relationship violence while controlling for potential confounders. This study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the associations between experiences of youth violence and receiving and delivering relationship violence in an urban adolescent sample. From 2006 to 2007, 1,454 adolescents aged 13 to 21 years in New York City completed an anonymous survey that included the validated Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Inventory that estimates experiences of relationship violence in the previous year as well as the prevalence of various exposures to youth violence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed the overlap between experiencing other types of youth violence and delivering and receiving physical relationship violence and sexual coercion. Compared with youth in nonviolent relationships, we found a significant association between delivering and receiving relationship physical violence and sexual coercion with participating in a fight, missing school due to fear, being threatened/injured with a weapon, gang membership, and carrying a weapon among both males and females. We also identified the sex differences between these specific associations of youth and relationship violence. Service providers working with adolescents experiencing relationship violence should be aware that they face a higher concurrent risk of experiencing or participating in other forms of youth violence. Likewise, providers working in the area of youth violence intervention and prevention should consider the possibility of concurrent relationship violence. Based on these findings, further research should explore whether interventions targeting relationship violence can also impact participation in youth violence and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the validation and development of the Undergraduate Perceptions of Poverty Tracking Survey (UPPTS) in the U.S. It mentions its provision of data on the views of disadvantaged undergraduates along with their attitude, empathy and commitment. It also considers cognitive distancing as one of the main reasons of failure in assisting poor people.

The article presents a study which evaluated the contributions of the academic health department (AHD), New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), to the operation of the University at Albany School of Public Health (UA-SPH), as of May 2014. It cites the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH). It features the Health Research Inc. (HRI) and UA Faculty Activity Report (FAR).

Purpose. This study sought to evaluate HIV testing locations in New York City in terms of staff communication of confidentiality policies for adolescent clients. Method. Using the New York State Directory of HIV Counseling and Testing Resources as a sampling frame, this study made telephone contact with 164 public HIV testing locations in New York City and used a semistructured interview to ask questions about confidentiality, parental permission, and parent access to test results. Results. At 48% of locations, either HIV testing was not offered or we were unable to reach a staff member to ask questions about testing options and confidentiality. At the remaining sites, information provided regarding confidentiality, parental consent, and privacy of test results was correct only 69% to 85% of the time. Additionally, 23% of sites successfully contacted offered testing exclusively between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. weekdays, when most adolescents are in school. Conclusions. Our findings point to a need for increased training and quality control at the clinical level to ensure that consumers in need of HIV testing are provided with accurate information and accessible services. Furthermore, these results highlight the need for more “patient-centric” sites with enhanced accessibility for potential clients, particularly youth. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]