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This paper explores the ways in which Mexican immigrants experience, narrate, and describe stress and the extent to which it impacts their efforts at engaging in physical activity using a biocitizenship framework. Data were derived from a mixed-method study among Mexicans living in New York City recruited from a large Catholic church. The qualitative sample of 25 participated in quantitative and qualitative components of the study and as such we include some of these quantitative indicators as descriptors. Our main qualitative findings reveal that study participants experience stress and time constraint as factors that contribute to the waning of their physical and mental well-being. As such, time constraints for many of our participants were among the factors that contributed to high perceived levels of stress. They attributed this to their difficulty maintaining a physically active lifestyle due to factors like the fast-paced lifestyle in New York, working long hours, and not having enough time to exercise, though some important differences in narratives were noted across gender. Findings have implications for interventions aimed at improving the health of immigrants in general and Mexican immigrants in New York City specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contracting-out of government services is an important issue facing government entities in the twenty-first century. This paper is a case study that examines this issue in New York City after major revisions were enacted to the City's Charter in 1989 to improve governance, deter corruption and promote efficiency in contracting. The paper examines who controls the contracting process; is this function solely under the purview of the chief executive or the function is shared with other elected officials, including the legislature; do checks and balances in the procurement system exist and how control of the contracting process affects the potential for corruption. Efficiency in the contracting process is reflected in the details of the policy and practices that determine the effectiveness of contracting. The most important of these practices are: standardization of contracting rules, timeliness in awarding contracts, promotion of competition, use of technology, training and professionalism of government staff. The overall success or failure of these efforts is significantly affected by the leadership of the chief executive and the administrators of the agencies of government. The paper shows that major change in public organizations is an extremely complex issue involving the chief executive, government administrators and other elected officials in the political process. Improvements in New York City's contracting process occurred in the Mayoral administrations of David Dinkins, Rudolph Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg. However, if the new efforts to simplify the contracting process on the part of the Bloomberg administration do not result in significant reductions in processing times, then only incremental change has taken place in the contracting process in New York City. Major changes in the contracting process have eluded both the mayors and government administrators. The authors conclude by discussing lessons learned to assist other government entities in their change efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of evidence points to high rates of group disorder in America's high schools. This paper examines several alternative models to account for the distribution of these events in the nation's largest school system. It is the thesis of the paper that while disorders occur in the schools, their roots lie in the larger society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emergence and development of two-tier coalition bargaining in the municipal government of New York City from the late 1960s through the 1980 negotiations. The reduction of interunion rivalries, growth of pattern bargaining, and enactment of the city's Collective Bargaining Law in 1967 were important precedents to formal coalition bargaining, but it was the fiscal crisis of the mid 1970s that provided a major thrust to the adoption of this type of bargaining structure. Through it, management and union officials were able not only to reach master and subsidiary agreements covering wages and conditions of employment, but to bargain broader fiscal rescue agreements with representatives of the federal and state governments who, in the wake of the fiscal crisis, acquired greater political control over the nation's largest city. The empirical findings are linked to theories of bargaining structure and provide the basis for predicting the continuance of coalition bargaining in New York City during the 1980s but only limited adoption of this bargaining format elsewhere in the American public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tackle persistent boundary-spanning problems with limited resources, some cities engage in collaborative innovation, combining expertise, effort, and creativity within and outside city hall to overcome limitations of conventional practices and siloed work. This article illustrates how collaborative innovation works in practice by examining specifics of how the Buffalo Clean Sweep Initiative, unique in longevity, scope, and scale, overcame common challenges and managed typical trade-offs. We describe, based on analyses of interviews and focus groups with city staff, community partners, and residents, how problem-solving, making an impact, and learning together helped Buffalo, New York, improve quality-of-life in its poorest neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a study of retention and attrition after the freshman war among disadvantaged students at an urban, primarily non-residential, university. Economically and academically disadvantaged college students are widely known to be a. risk for attrition, which highlights the need to investigate the process among members of this group. Substantial progress has been made developing and testing explanatory models of college student withdrawal, bus they have only begun to be directly applied to special groups of students such as the disadvantaged. The study applies a conceptual model developed by Tinto (1975) to a group of students who, through a special program, were admitted to a senior college within The City University of New York. The paper tests the predictive validity of major constructs in the model. It was shown to be sensitive to the dimensions of student-institutional fit operating in the situation, and indicated that academic integration was the most salient aspect of development for this group of students. Social integration had limited influence, especially when considered relative to academic measures. The results were seen as reinforcing the recognition that the acquisition of academic skills and behaviors is paramount for the success of underprepared students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the thirty-eighth annual meeting of the American Sociological Association to be held on December 4 and 5, 1943 at Hotel McAlpin, New York City. Papers on social research to be presented at the meeting are: "A Controlled Analysis of the Relationship of Guided Participation in Extra-curricular Activities to the Scholastic Achievement and Social Adjustment of College Students," by Reuben Hill, University of South Dakota, "Techniques of Social Reform: An Analysis of the Dry Movement," by Alfred McClung Lee, Wayne University, and "Reliability of the Idea-Centered Question in Interview Schedules," by Morton B. King, Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Papers will be followed by open discussion. Papers on Sociometry to be presented at the meeting are: "What Level of Living Indexes Measure," by Margaret Jarman Hagood and Louis J. Ducoff, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and "Some Regional Variations in Levels and Standards of Living," by Edgar A. Schuler, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

In the US, there is a growing number of older Latinx communities. Qualitative approaches such as narrative inquiry may be fruitful endeavors to elucidate their lived experiences. However, older Latinx communities, including sexual minorities, are disproportionately exposed to social, health, and historical challenges that may result in exposure to potentially traumatic events (e.g. discrimination, illness, grief, etc.). The recognition of high rates of exposure to potentially traumatic events among participants has led to the recommended adoption of Trauma Informed (TI) principles for use in non-trauma specific research. At present, there are limited examples and discussions about the implementation of TI principles in qualitative research and our literature review yielded no discussion of the use of TI principles in narrative inquiry or with older Latinx communities. In this manuscript, we advocate for the adoption of TI principles when engaging in narrative inquiry with older Latinx adults. Second, we discuss examples of TI guided practices we employed while conducting the Palabras Fuertes study of life history narratives with older Latino immigrant gay men living in New York City. Finally, based on these experiences, we provide recommendations for incorporating TI into future narrative research with older Latinx communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an update on research efforts related to the labor market as of October 1981. Tom Bailey is investigating restaurant employment in New York City, to be followed by a similar study of the hotel industry. Beatrice G. Reubens and her associates are conducting two cross-national, youth labor market studies. Several researchers are investigating the structure of the labor market in Motherwell, Scotland. A research team headed by Bernard Brody is investigating mass layoffs and manpower adjustment in Quebec.

This paper uses rich new data on New York State teachers to: determine how much variation in the average attributes of teachers exists across schools, identify schools that have the least-qualified teachers, assess whether the distribution has changed over time, and determine how the distribution of teachers is impacted by attrition and transfer, as well as by the job matches between teachers and schools at the start of careers. Our results show striking differences in the qualifications of teachers across schools. Urban schools, in particular, have Iesser-qualified teachers; and New York City stands out among urban areas. Low-income, low-achieving and non-white students, particularly those in urban areas, find themselves in classes with many of the least skilled teachers. Salary variation rarely compensates for the apparent difficulties of teaching in urban settings and, in some cases, contributes to the disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. has received an influx of "new immigrants." drawn from many parts of the developing world, since 1968. These have, in turn, altered the demo- graphics of congregations and denominations. Of all the denominations operating in metropolitan New York, Seventh-day Adventism has been impacted most dramatically by the changes. Its face has been transformed as it has shifted from a church of primarily Caucasians and Afro-Americans, each dominating separate conferences to one that is now 90% new immigrant. This paper explores the tensions that emerged, as a result of the changed racial/ethnic balance, in the competition to control leadership positions and resources, initially in local congregations and later in the conferences, and the dynamics as these tensions have played out. Finally, it considers why such conflict has been especially strong within Adventism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines three related questions: First, can psychiatrists' judgments be successfully predicted by multiple regression techniques? Second, assuming that they can, are such ratings a valid measure of mental health for the same sample at a later point in time? Third, what is the relation between mental health ratings made in 1954 and such subsequently reported behavioral outcomes as nervous break-down, mental hospitalization, or seeking professional help for emotional problems? The evidence presented warrants two conclusions. (1) The computer-derived mental health ratings are an adequate substitute for the original ratings. The regression equation accounts for 69 percent of the variance in those ratings; and the computer-derived ratings behave in the same way as the psychiatrists' ratings in relation to other variables. (2) However, neither the psychiatrists' ratings nor the computer-derived ratings are very accurate in predicting subsequent self-reported behavior indicative of mental impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociology at Barnard college, in the early 1920's, was a very insignificant appendage to the Economics Department, and William F. Ogburn served as chairman of the joint curriculum. The author took both economics and sociology with Ogburn, and was greatly influenced by his emphasis on the relationships between economic and social phenomena, his tendency to view the economic as independent and social phenomena as dependent variables, and his insistence on objectivity, verification, and measurement. The author's research orientation came from several disciplines, and his first two research papers, prepared under Ogburn's direction and published in collaboration with him in 1922, were interdisciplinary in the sense that the one, dealing with the incidence of simultaneous inventions, involved explorations into the history of science and into cultural anthropology. And the other combined the data and procedures of economics, sociology, and statistics to measure the relationships between business cycles and cycles in demographic phenomena and in indices of social disorganization.

The present article is concerned only with the connection between business cycles and frequency of divorces. The Bureau of Statistics of the city of Amsterdam has calculated the correlation between various economic indices and the marriage rate, for the years 1830-19 14. These data indicate an undeniable positive correlation between economic conditions and the frequency of marriages. This result cannot be interpreted as indicating that the tendency to matrimony in periods of prosperity is greater than in years of economic depression but rather that the possibilities of contracting a marriage are more favorable during a boom than during a depression. The effort in the present research paper is to trace a connection between business cycles and divorce similarly does not mean that the author considers economic conditions as the principal cause of divorce. In many cases, economic factors may have nothing to do with the inner cause of failure in marriage; in some, it merely predisposes towards failure; in others, it truly may be "the cause."

This paper examines changes over time in the utilization of hard and soft drugs among working-class gang members in "Eastville," an urban community outside New York City. Three different gangs are compared with respect to several factors which influenced the eventual decline in the proportion of regular users of hard drugs in the more recent gangs. Among the most important of the factors explaining this decline in hard drug usage are: (1) an increasing visibility and knowledge of the "negative" effects of hard drug use; and (2) an increasingly repressive stance toward hard drug use by community agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on various labor relation research sponsored by the Columbia University Graduate School of Business in New York as of 1975. A study on manpower utilization and collective bargaining in local government is being done by David Lewin, Raymond D. Horton and James W. Kuhn. A field work is being continued by Leonard Sayles which deals with diffuse organizational systems. Another research work, being organized by B. J. Widick under the sponsorship of Ford Foundation includes individual papers on the subject of work in the automobile industry.

This article presents a report from the president of the American Sociological Society (ASS). Preparations are now under way for the 1947 annual meeting of ASS. The tentative arrangements are to meet in New York City, from December 28-30. Specific plans will be announced at the earliest possible moment in order to facilitate the largest possible attendance on the part of the members. According to the author, this is an appropriate time to review the progress that has been made in the major fields of sociological interest and in the discipline as a whole. With this in view, the author is considering inviting a number of members of the Society who have been particularly interested in one or another field of sociology to give an account of the present state of knowledge in their respective fields of interest in the form of a comprehensive paper which will be circulated early in the year among their colleagues having a similar interest, with the object of inducing the latter to participate in a panel which would subject this field to rigorous analysis and clarify the problems and possibilities that exist.

The COVID-19 pandemic, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures have made it difficult to observe, monitor, or manage urban life. To capture the experience of being in New York City during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we used a novel method of remote ethnography to interview people who were walking the city. We developed the Walkie-Talkie Map to collect and present these interviews, enabling website visitors to see what the subject saw as they walked the route of their choice. Visitors can interactively scroll through the interview and have access to additional visualizations and imagery that contextualize the main narrative. Visitors are thus able to vicariously experience what it was like to be in New York City at the outset of the COVID-19 epidemic. This work provides a case study on how to perform observational research when geographic and bodily distance has become the norm. We discuss the advantages and limitations of our method and conclude with its contributions to the study of cities and for others looking to conduct remote observational research in different fields of knowledge. The Walkie-Talkie maps can be found on this url: https://www.socialdistancing.tech.cornell.edu/what-is-a-walike-talkie [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital technology underlying the concept of Industry 4.0 has brought new disruptive changes to the economy. As an innovative service model, the unique characteristics of the space‐sharing economy require the understanding of emotional and psychological aspects in managing such a disruptive service model. We empirically examine the impact of unstructured emotional information that service providers offer (i.e., marketer‐generated content) on the popularity and sales of services in space‐sharing platforms (e.g., Airbnb) above and beyond objective qualities such as guest ratings or the size and amenities of the properties. For this, we leverage a unique dataset of a large‐scale sample of Airbnb listings from New York City (NYC). The results of a panel analysis and a series of robustness checks reveal a curvilinear association between the affective expression of service providers and the sales of their services, that is, the effect of emotional expressions is positive at low levels, but it diminishes at high levels. To address the potential endogeneity, we use a 2SLS‐IV approach, and the results validate our findings. Moreover, we conduct a randomized experiment to further establish causal inference. This study makes valuable contributions to the literature on service operation management and the sharing economy. Our findings shed light on how operations managers and service providers can use emotional information in space‐sharing platforms. We provide practical examples to guide their actions. These insights also have implications for other platform owners and users to leverage emotional information and improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effect of the human capital characteristics of co-ethnic immigrant communities on foreign-born students' math achievement. We use data on New York City public school foreign-born students from 39 countries merged with census data on the characteristics of the immigrant household heads in the city from each nation of origin and estimate regressions of student achievement on co-ethnic immigrant community characteristics, controlling for student and school attributes. We find that the income and size of the co-ethnic immigrant community has no effect on immigrant student achievement, while the percent of college graduates may have a small positive effect. In addition, children in highly English proficient immigrant communities test slightly lower than children from less proficient communities. The results suggest that there may be some protective factors associated with immigrant community members' education levels and use of native languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the large numbers of competing proposals for improving urban schools so that students perform better policymakers need to know budget as well as performance implications of proposed reforms. One n!form group with a large constituency suggests that high schools should enroll small numbers of students, but some policymakers worry that the costs of small schools are excessive. This paper contributes to the school size policy debate by using methods and data that combine budget and performance information, with the school as the unit of analysis. With data on budgets, graduates, and characteristics of students in New York City public high schools, we estimate 4-year budgets per graduate. We find that small academic and large high schools are similar in terms of budgets per graduate and that some vocational and "transfer" high schools have the highest budgets per graduate. Because the literature on school size indicates that small high schools are more effective for minority and poor students, the similarity in outcomes that small and large high schools produce suggests that policymakers might do well to support the creation of more small high schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on immigrant women in the last ten years has focused on developing a gendered understanding of the relationships among family, work, and migration. From this emerges a view of women as active agents in the migration process -- using migration as an economic option that deals with gender ideology and practice. Migration among Puerto Rican women is an interesting case study with which to examine these relationships given the prominent role of women in this migration history and that the role of family characteristics have not been sufficiently studied with this population. This paper examines the effect of family indicators on migration from, and return migration to, Puerto Rico among women in the 1980s. It appears that women use migration to gain independence as single women and mothers since unmarried women were more likely to migrate from Puerto Rico than married women. On the other hand, we see evidence of a traditional route in which women follow men in the migration stream since women recently married were more likely to migrate from, and return to, Puerto Rico. Women married for longer periods of time are the least likely to migrate. Finally, it appears that women use migration to counter limited marriage opportunities in Puerto Rico since unmarried women were less likely to return there and since there were more changes in marital status after women migrated to New York than after returning to Puerto Rico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and interprets some of the events associated with the demographic and economic restructuring that has occurred in Flushing, in the Borough of Queens in New York City. Since the liberalization of the U.S. immigration laws in 1965, many of New York's neighborhoods have been transformed by the rapid influx of immigrants. In the case of Flushing, the majority of newcomers have been Asians, particularly from China, Korea, and the Indian subcontinent. The introduction of Asian capital and enterprise into the neighborhood has revitalized what was considered to be an ailing economy and a sluggish housing market. From the perspective of some of the long-term residents, however, the costs of progress have outweighed the benefits. The paper examines the public discourse accompanying the Asianization of Flushing, centering on the conflicts that have emerged between capital and community, immigrants and long-term residents, Asians and non-Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes New York City residents' evaluation of two alternative forms of decentralizing the city government, the administrative way and the political way, from the perspective of survey respondents' ethnicity. Blacks' and whites' attitudes toward decentralization; Dissatisfaction with the delivery of public services; Search for alternative social change strategies directed to improving the quality of urban life.

The study reexamines Phillips's findings regarding the linkage between the appearance of news stories on prominent suicides and the subsequent monthly rise of national suicides-the Werther effect. Extending Phillips's original data set to 1977, and employing the quasi-experimental method, it is found that stories on prominent suicides are likely to trigger a subsequent rise in national suicides. However, this rise may be related to the linkage of suicide with the business cycle, and the fact that more prominent suicides may occur in years when there is a downturn in the economy. This study analyzes suicide rate data with a multivariate time-series model and controls for seasonal effects, the average duration of unemployment and war. No significant linkage is found between the national suicide rate and stories on prominent suicides on the front page of the New York Times, Employing Boorstin's definition of celebrities, the prominent suicides on the front page of the New York Times between 1947 and 1977 are differentiated as celebrity and noncelebrity suicides. Examining only celebrity suicides, it is found that a significant rise in the national suicide rate occurs in the month after a celebrity commits suicide. Suicidal imitation by the public is more selective than originally hypothesized by Phillips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is the contention of this article that the incidence and types of voluntary associations in immigrant communities can be employed as an indicator of the differential weight of cultural-ideological and structural factors in the articulation of such communities with the receiving society. It is also held in this paper that the relative similarity of cultural-ideological variables in the Colombian and Dominican communities, revealed by the attribution of a common "Hispanic" identity, tends to have less weight in this articulation than the structural differences between their places of origin and the disparity between place of origin and destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents developments related to several associations and societies. The annual meeting of the American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama will be held at the Barbizon Plaza Hotel, New York City during April 27-29, 1960. Contributions of books and journals published after 1945 or "standard authors" published earlier, are needed to assist Asian countries to further their educational programs, both on the secondary and college levels. The Asia Foundation will pay transportation costs. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences' committee on Monograph Prizes announces that the program inaugurated last year to award prizes of 1,000 dollars to authors of especially meritorious unpublished monographs in the humanities, social sciences and physical and biological sciences is being continued for 1960. The final date for receipt of manuscripts is October 1. A new Inter-American Program for Advanced Training in Applied Social Sciences is being sponsored with the cooperation of government of Mexico, the Instituto Nacional Indigenista de Mexico and other official organizations.

The article presents a report on "The First National Consultation on Ethnic America," which was held on June 20-21, 1968 at Fordham University, New York. The rationale behind the Consultation was put forth by Irving M. Levine, Director of Education and Urban Planning for the American Jewish Committee. He noted that white backlash to Black demands seemed to be most vehement and to have its greatest political ramifications within the working class community. It was Levine's thesis that the white working man's economic situation was one of recent and tenuous affluence. His traditional source of security was his family, but in the last few years redefinitions of roles within the working class family have lessened his sense of security. Andrew Greeley, Program Director at the National Opinion Research Council, presented the opening paper in the proceeding, entitled "Ethnicity as an Influence on Behavior." According to him, almost everyone thinks ethnicity is an important social variable-witness the balanced political ticket, the national parish or the ethnic suburb.

The A.I.C.C. Seminar did not specifically address itself to the Puerto Ricans and so the reader may ask what is the relevance of the Seminar to this particular group of newcomers? Why has the summary of its proceedings been included in an issue of the Review which was written before he seminar took place and which is allegedly dedicated to Puerto Ricans' experiences and prospects? Simply stated, the relevance of the Seminar for this group of newcomers rests with: 1. its repeated emphasis on power as opposed to ethnic culture in the analysis of inter-group relations in the city, an emphasis which echoes the theme of Joseph P. Fitzpatrick's position paper, "Puerto Ricans in Perspective"; 2. its sharp focus on groups' needs of a nexus of institutions to insure their proper power position, a focus reminiscent of the Puerto Rican Conference mentioned in Clarence Senior's article, "The Puerto Ricans in New York: A Progress Note"; 3. its statements of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, which has the potential to vastly affect the Puerto Ricans; 4. its call for new services for newcomers, services which will revolve around community organization and maximal participation of the newcomers themselves in programmatic efforts to ameliorate their position. This call is, in our opinion, to be sounded by the Puerto Ricans, as well as other ethno-racial groups, if their progress on the mainland is to continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a news brief related to research at the Columbia University Graduate School of Business in New York City, as of July 1, 1972. Details of faculty projects are highlighted. Topics of ongoing research include employee attitudes toward work, management in the high technology industry, and the management of new product development.

The article discusses issues surrounding the New York University Institute of Labor Relations. A symposium on the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 was held by the institute with the help of grant from the Seafarers International Union. There were over 300 participants who attended the 21st Annual Conference on Labor was held in May 1969. P. S. Albin and B. Stein have completed work on The Political Economy of Public Assistance, a segment of the institute's Public Assistance Project. Work on the city's welfare problems is also being conducted by Project Labor Market at the Graduate School of Business Administration.

This research investigates whether and when a job applicant's unemployment status (i.e., employed, short-term unemployed, or long-term unemployed) affects the probability of receiving an interview request by examining interview request rates in the presence of versus absence of unemployment status antidiscrimination legislation. In response to 3,335 fictitious resumes sent to 1,237 online job postings in Los Angeles and New York City, we received an overall interview request rate of 10.37. Long-term unemployed applicants were less likely to receive an interview request than short-term unemployed applicants in Los Angeles but not in New York City, which has unemployment status antidiscrimination legislation. These findings are supplemented with self-report survey data about perceptions of the unemployed from 200 hiring personnel in New York City and Los Angeles. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed for the unemployment, job search, and selection literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the annual meeting of the American Sociological Society (ASS), 1949. The forty-fourth annual meeting of the American Sociological Society will be held in New York City, December 28-30, 1949. The program is oriented toward the presentation of research and the analysis of problems, whether substantive or methodological, that lie near the frontiers of contemporary sociology. The paper "The American Soldier" will be subjected to analysis and evaluation as a research contribution in one meeting, while another will consider the censuses of 1950 as potential sources of data for social analysis. It is peculiarly appropriate that this meeting devoted to the frontiers of sociological research should be held under the auspices of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The headquarters of both the ASS and the Rural Sociological Society will be the Hotel New Yorker, though ASS's own day meetings will be held in the rooms of the Manhattan Center. The program for the meeting and the proposals of the Reorganization Committee for the future development of the Society will be sent to all members in October.

The article presents information on the tentative program of the thirty-eighth annual meeting of the American Sociological Society to be held in New York City on December 4 and 5, 1943. Topics related to social research on which various professors will speak on December 4 include "A Controlled Analysis of the Relationship of Guided Participation in Extra-Curricular Activities to the Scholastic Achievement and Social Adjustment of College Students," "Techniques of Social Reform: An Analysis of the Dry Movement" and "Reliability of the Idea-Centered Question in Interview Schedules." Other topics include social theory, population, social psychology, community and ecology, methodology and policy. Topics to be discussed on December 5 include "Coordination of Government Statistical Programs," "Methodological Problems in Government Statistical Programs," "The Operation of a Government Statistical Program," "Attitudes of Americans Regarding Selected Foreign Countries," "The Attitude of Economic Restrictionism and Its Implications" and "American Personality Stereotyping and Its Implications."

The authors investigate whether the New York Times' coverage of strikes and non-strike wage settlements in large bargaining units changed during the 1980s, a time when a "transformation" of industrial relations is said to have taken place. Although the total number of New York Times articles on such events declined during the 1980s, the authors find that when appropriate control variables are included in the analysis, the apparent drop in coverage disappears. Important variables determining the extent of news coverage were occurrence of a strike, strike duration, number of workers involved, occurrence of federal intervention, key industry status (that is, whether the affected industry was among those industries identified as exceptionally important for wage-setting), and proximity to New York City. They speculate that the reduced number of articles may simply reflect a decreased incidence of strikes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freeman's exit-voice model of unionism suggests that grievance procedure strength should be negatively related to the probability that an employee quits his or her job. In this study, which uses data on New York State public school teachers and districts from the mid-1970s, it is found that teachers with the two strongest types of grievance procedures in their contracts had a lower probability of quitting than those working under weaker grievance procedures. The author views this result as evidence that unionization can reduce quits through a "voice" effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the strengths and weaknesses of economic reasoning in explaining, and suggesting remedies for, the stubborn presence of racketeering in New York City construction. In this industry, the authors argue, transactions cannot be conducted efficiently either between a large number of firms or within a few large firms. Consequently, criminals can "sell," and profit from, their ability to impose organization on the industry. Criminal activity can persist because of barriers to entry in certain markets within the industry and because of industry characteristics such as constant changes of, and restricted access to, work sites. The role of unions as a monopolizing institution may also facilitate criminal control. These and other economic hypotheses are relevant to policy making, the authors maintain, even though they cannot be adequately tested with available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study of two New York City department stores shows that, contrary to the implications of previous studies, internal labor markets existed before World War I, outside heavy industry, and in the absence of overt worker discontent. Among male office employees in one store, the internal market was marked by job ladders, relatively high wages, and many senior employees. In the other store, female employees in both the office and sales divisions were in a mixed situation, characterized by rudimentary job ladders and pay increasing with seniority but low average wages and no protection against arbitrary dismissal. The authors hypothesize that classic internal markets exist only where workers possess the collective power to impose substantial turnover costs on the employer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article narrates the author experience during the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 at the World Trade Center in New York City. There were several victims of the disaster including chief medical examiner Charles Hirsch and members of the medical organization brought to the hospital. During the tragedy, there was little up-to-date information because the affected area has been closed off.

In 1962, New York City enacted a minimum wage law (subsequently held by the courts to be beyond the city's legislative authority) which would have provided for minima higher than those established by similar state and federal legislation. The authors, in this article, report their attempt to quantify, by means of establishing Cobb-Douglas functions, the theoretical impact of the New York City ordinance on employment. Within the limiting assumptions of that technique, the authors found an estimated job loss of approximately 100,000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a number of years before the enactment in 1953 of the New Jersey-New York Waterfront Commission Compact (Bi-State Compact), an inordinate number of men were attached to the longshore labor market of the Port of Greater New York. In 1952 this condition was pointed to by the New York State Crime Commission as a breeding ground for, as well as an effect of, unsavory hiring practices and crime on the waterfront. The Commission's various findings and recommendations led the legislatures of New Jersey and New York to enact the Bi-State Compact, which provided for the creation of the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor. This Commission was given, along with other duties, a threefold assignment with respect to the longshore labor market. It was to register all longshoremen and exclude undesirable men from covered waterfront employment; to regularize and systematize employment through employment information centers; and to reduce the number of men available for longshore work to such a number as would adequately supply the needs of the port and ensure that employment of bona fide longshoremen would not be impaired by the hiring of men who had no legitimate or regular attachment to the industry. In conformance with these requirements the Waterfront Commission set up (1) a system for screening and registration of longshoremen, (2) a number of employment information centers at convenient locations in the port through which hiring was to be consummated, (3) regulations for the supervision and control of hiring, and (4) a decasualization program. It is our primary purpose to examine the experience and problems related to the last of these activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the readjustment of workers in a situation where terms and conditions of displacement were arrived at by collective bargaining and arbitration. Justice Isadore Wasservogel issued an arbitration award in New York City which eliminated the use of conductors and established one-man driver operation on the Fifth Avenue bus lines. The arbitration was awarded ten years after Fifth Avenue Coach Co. introduced a double-deck omnibus operated by a single man in 1937. This resulted into a management-union discussion because of its impact on conductors and drivers.

This article focuses on the article "Get Them Involved! Styles of High-and Low-Rated Teachers," by C.Y. Phoenix. This article describes a research project on how highly rated teaching styles differ from low-rated teaching styles at a major college in New York City. However, it appears to report research that was over ten years old as indicated by the literature review. Much detail and data were not reported, such as the subjects of the college curriculum the instructors were teaching, their gender, level of students, and ethnic background of both the teachers and the taught.

The article presents information about the Eastern Sociological Society's meeting which will be held at the Berkeley-Carteret Hotel, Asbury Park, New Jersey from April 17 to 28, 1940. It will discuss the general topic, "Sociology of War." All papers submitted will be read, at least by title. They should be sent to J. K. Folsom, Vassar College, before April 20. President MacIver of the American Sociological Society will deliver one of the principal addresses. President Willard Walter, of the Eastern Sociological Society will preside at all general meetings. The complete program will appear in the June Review. J. W. Riley, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, is chairman of local arrangements. Those wishing to arrange exhibits should write him. Paul F. Cressey, Wheaton College, Norton, Mass., is secretary and will be pleased to receive dues, Dues may be paid at Asbury Park. All sociologists visiting in the region are cordially invited to attend the meeting.

New York City “yellow” taxi drivers work as independent contractors. Like many independent contract workers, taxi drivers engage in economically precarious work—or work that is economically uncertain, unpredictable, and risky. This article explores how taxi drivers make sense of the economic risks they face each workday. Drawing on 20 months of ethnographic data, it finds that taxi drivers made sense of their work by expressing a sense of control over their work schedule, which is significant given the self-conceptions that drivers bring with them to this particular work arrangement. As a result, this sense of schedule control serves as a mechanism for worker investment in the structure of independent contract work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the environmental and policy impacts of switching from oil-fired to natural gas-fired generation in New York City (NYC). We create an hourly panel of the fuel use of NYC's generators and use a semi-parametric approach to identify the fuel-price spread that induces the switch from oil to gas. We find that NYC's pollution emissions decrease significantly after generators switch to natural gas. Around two-thirds of these emission reductions come from reduced emission intensity within plants, while the remaining third comes from less intense dispatch of oil fired generators. To illustrate the policy impact, we simulate the introduction of a real time pricing (RTP) program in NYC. The results suggest that the environmental benefits of the RTP decreased by nearly 30% due largely to fuel switching. While we focus on RTP, these results can be used to evaluate any energy policy that has a heterogeneous impact across time or the demand profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on studies on labor and industrial relations by researchers at Columbia University, New York in 1974. A study on the impacts of governmental economic policy on manpower utilization is being conducted by James Kuhn. An investigation by Alfred Eichner and Charles Brecher, along with new staff specialists in child welfare and education, focuses on Large-City Budgeting for Human Resources Expenditures, with New York City as the base. Jerome Schnee, Eli Ginzberg and their colleagues have been conducting an exploratory study for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Criteria for a Public Investment Program. Ivar Berg, Marcia Freedman, and Patricia Bonfield are studying the principal institutions and forces affecting worker attitudes and behavior.

This article uses the case New York City to examine why certain immigrant groups participated in the 2006 protest wave more than others and why the city mobilized less compared with other major immigrant metropolises. The findings indicate that certain immigrant groups participated more than others because of how the issue of “illegal immigration” was racialized and framed by the media, and because of the disproportionate impact the proposed legislation would have had on them. The data presented illustrate how the city’s heterogeneous population served to diminish its capacity to produce the magnitude of mobilization found in other large immigrant cities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background. This ecological study examines the relationship between food desert prevalence and academic achievement at the school district level. Design and methods. Sample included 232 suburban and urban school districts in New York State. Multiple open-source databases were merged to obtain: 4th grade science, English and math scores, school district demographic composition (NYS Report Card), regional socioeconomic indicators (American Community Survey), school district quality (US Common Core of Data), and food desert data (USDA Food Desert Atlas). Multiple regression models assessed the percentage of variation in achievement scores explained by food desert variables, after controlling for additional predictors. Results. The proportion of individuals living in food deserts significantly explained 4th grade achievement scores, after accounting for additional predictors. School districts with higher proportions of individuals living in food desert regions demonstrated lower 4th grade achievement across science, English and math. Conclusions. Food deserts appear to be related to academic achievement at the school district level among urban and suburban regions. Further research is needed to better understand how food access is associated with academic achievement at the individual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy researchers often have to estimate the future effect of imposing a policy in a particular location. There is often evidence on the effects of similar policies in other jurisdictions but no information on the effects of the policy in the jurisdiction in question. And the policy may have specific features not reflected in the experiences of other areas. It is then necessary to combine the evidence from other locations with detailed information and data specific to the jurisdiction in question, with which to simulate the effects of the policy in the new jurisdiction. We illustrate and use this approach in estimating the impact of a proposed living wage mandate for New York City, emphasizing how our ex ante simulations make use of detailed location-specific information on workers, families, and employers using administrative data and other new public data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]