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Copper(i) oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) of 30 nm with antifungal properties have been functionalized with 9 nm nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to construct hetero-nanocomposites (NCs) of a submicron hydrodynamic size for magnetomechanical stress induction in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A post-synthetic approach involving the assembly through hydrophobic interactions of the preformed NPs of non-uniform sizes, albeit coated with the same surfactant (oleylamine), is reported. Solvents of different polarity were implemented during the synthetic procedure resulting in NCs of similar composition consisting mainly of MNPs randomly decorated onto the bigger Cu2O NPs. The antifungal properties of the building NPs and the NCs were studied in terms of fungistatic and fungicidal activity, whereas the ionic leaching was found to be negligible, highlighting the nanosize effect. Although S. cerevisiae cells were found to be resistant to individual NiFe2O4 MNPs because of their small size, their sensitivity to NCs significantly increased upon short-time exposure to a rotating low-frequency magnetic field (10 min, 30 Hz, 35 G) and this arises from the collective properties. The magnetomechanical cell stress induction was accompanied by alteration of cellular membrane integrity and programmed cell death signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles of identical size (9 nm) and with different inversion degrees were synthesized under solvothermal conditions as a candidate theranostic system. In this facile approach, a long-chain amine, oleylamine, was utilized as a reducing and surface-functionalizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were shown to have a cubic-spinel structure as characterized by TEM and XRD patterns. Control over their inversion degree was achieved by a simple change of manganese precursor from Mn(acac)2 to Mn(acac)3. The variation in the inversion degree is ascribed to the partial oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+, as was evidenced by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at both the Fe and Mn K-edges. The reduction of the inversion degree from 0.42 to 0.22 is close to the corresponding bulk value of 0.20 and led to elevated magnetization (65.7 emu gâ'1), in contrast to the Néel temperature, which was decreased owing to the weaker superexchange interactions between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites within the spinel structure. In order to evaluate the performance of these nanoprobes as a possible bifunctional targeting system, the ¹H NMR relaxation of the samples was tested together with their specific loss power under an alternating magnetic field as a function of concentration. The hydrophobic as prepared MnFe2O4 nanoparticles converted to hydrophilic nanoparticles with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, well-dispersed in aqueous media, were shown to have r2 relaxivity of up to 345.5 mMâ'1 sâ'1 and heat release of up to 286 W gâ'1, demonstrating their potential use for bioapplications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile solvothermal approach. Oleylamine (OAm) was used in all synthetic procedures as a stabilizing agent and solvent. By varying the polarity of the solvents, hydrophobic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles coated with OAm of relatively similar sizes (9-11.7 nm) and in a range of magnetization values (32.0-53.5 emu g-1) were obtained. The as-prepared hydrophobic nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, TGA and VSM and converted to hydrophilic by two different approaches. The addition of a positively charged ligand (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) and the ligand exchange procedure (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) have been successfully applied. The aqueous suspensions of NiFe2O4@CTAB and NiFe2O4@DMSA showed good colloidal stability after a long period of time. The different surface modification affected both the NMR relaxometric measurements and the hyperthermia effects. In both techniques CTAB modification demonstrated higher r2 relaxivity (278.9 s-1 mM-1 in an NMR spectrometer at 11.7 T) and SAR values (423.4 W g-1 at an applied AC field with a particle concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1). The results indicate that a coating with a larger molecule as CTAB under the same size, shape and magnetization of NiFe2O4 NPs gave rise to NMR relaxometric properties and heating efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linear trinuclear Cu(ii) complexes [Cu3(L1)4(H2tea)2] (1), [Cu3(L2)4(H2tea)2]·2CH3CN (2), [Cu3(L2)4(H2tea)2] (3), [Cu3(L1)2(H2tea)2(NO3)2] (4) and the dinuclear complex [Cu2(L1)2(H2tea)2] (5), where L1= 2-thiophene carboxylate, L2= 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-acetate and H2tea = the single deprotonated form of triethanolamine have been prepared and characterised while the crystal structures of 1–4have been determined. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of complexes 1–5have been measured in the range 2–300 K under various external fields in the range 0.02–1.0 T. X-band EPR spectra of 1–5compounds were recorded at 4–100 K. Complexes 1, 2and 3found to have the same J= 33 cm−1and gvalues 2.16(1), 2.20(1) and 2.16(1) respectively while for 5J= 15 cm−1and g= 2.06(1) revealing a clear ferromagnetic exchange between Cu(ii) ions. Complex 4was found to be antiferromagnetic with J= −28 cm−1and g= 2.21(1). The polycrystalline powder X-band EPR spectrum of complexes 1, 2, and 3at 4 K are dominated by a transition at 1600 G (g= 4.3) which unambiguously identifies the spin of the ground multiplet (S= 3/2) while the antiferromagnetic complex 4has a derivative centered at g= 2.1 indicative of a ground doublet (S= 1/2). Concerning complex 5a spectrum of a dominant derivative centered at g= 2.06(1) is observed with a very weak half field transition (ca.1500 G) indicative of the ferromagnetic nature of the system. Furthermore, for complexes 2and 3a strong temperature dependence of this spectroscopic g-factor is revealed and change of the gefffrom the liquid helium temperature to the room temperature is almost 2 units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to encapsulate hydrophobic ferrites in colloidal superparticle structures of an a-telechelic hexadecyl-functionalized poly(methacrylic acid) (C16H33-PMAA) polymer with a linear architecture was investigated and compared with that of two amphiphilic comb-type water-soluble copolymers, namely, P(ANa-co-DAAm) and P(MANa-co-DMA), which are comprised of a poly(sodium acrylate) or poly(sodium methacrylate) backbone and pendent dodecyl acrylamide or dodecyl methacrylate chains, respectively. In the case of C16H33-PMAA, the pH-sensitive self-assembly behavior, which was studied through Nile Red probing and TEM, was related to its encapsulation properties. Hydrophobic MFe2O4 nanoparticles coated with oleylamine (MFe2O4@OAm MNPs, where M = Co, Mn, Ni) with a similar shape and size (∼9 nm) and magnetization values of 87.4, 63.1 and 55.0 emu g(-1) for CoFe2O4@OAm, MnFe2O4@OAm and NiFe2O4@OAm, respectively, were successfully encapsulated into the hydrophobic cores of spherical micellar structures formed by the copolymers in an aqueous solution through a solvent mixing procedure. The synthesized magnetic colloidal superparticles fell in the static dephasing regime (SDR). NMR relaxivity measurements of MFe2O4@P(ANa-co-DAAm), MFe2O4@P(MANa-co-DMA) and MFe2O4@C16H33-PMAA at pH = 4.5 and pH = 7 (where M = Co, Mn, Ni) at 11.7 T were recorded and the transverse relaxivity (r2) (mM(-1) s(-1)) was determined. Among all, the CoFe2O4@polymers demonstrated the highest r2 relaxivity values, ranging from 61.6 for CoFe2O4@C16H33-PMAA (pH = 7) to 316.0 mM(-1) s(-1) for CoFe2O4@P(ANa-co-DAAm). The relaxation efficiency (r1 and r2) of CoFe2O4@P(ANa-co-DAAm) was investigated further by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T and 3 T and the r2/r1 ratios were found to be 16.5 and 18.2, respectively, indicating its potential use as a T2 contrast agent.

Manganese doped ferrite (MnxFe3-xO4) nanoparticles with x = 0.29-0.77 were prepared under solvothermal conditions in the presence solely of a polyol using the trivalent manganese and iron acetylacetonates as precursors. In this facile approach, a variety of polyols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000), tetraethylene glycol (TEG), propylene glycol (PG) and a mixture of TEG and PG (1 : 1) were utilized in a triple role as a solvent, a reducing agent and a surface-functionalizing agent. The composition of the fine cubic-spinel structures was found to be related to the reductive ability of each polyol, while determination of structural characteristics plus the inversion parameter (i = 0.18-0.38) were provided by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at both the Fe and Mn K-edges. The saturation magnetization increased up to 80 emu g(-1) when x = 0.35 and i = 0.22. In addition, the as-prepared nanocrystals coated with PEG, PG and PG&TEG showed excellent colloidal stability in water, while the TEG-coated particles were not water dispersible and converted to hydrophilic when were extra PEGylated. Measurements of the (1)H NMR relaxation in water were carried out and the nanoprobes were evaluated as potential contrast agents.

Manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles of identical size (9 nm) and with different inversion degrees were synthesized under solvothermal conditions as a candidate theranostic system. In this facile approach, a long-chain amine, oleylamine, was utilized as a reducing and surface-functionalizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were shown to have a cubic-spinel structure as characterized by TEM and XRD patterns. Control over their inversion degree was achieved by a simple change of manganese precursor from Mn(acac)2 to Mn(acac)3. The variation in the inversion degree is ascribed to the partial oxidation of Mn(2+) to Mn(3+), as was evidenced by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at both the Fe and Mn K-edges. The reduction of the inversion degree from 0.42 to 0.22 is close to the corresponding bulk value of 0.20 and led to elevated magnetization (65.7 emu g(-1)), in contrast to the Néel temperature, which was decreased owing to the weaker superexchange interactions between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites within the spinel structure. In order to evaluate the performance of these nanoprobes as a possible bifunctional targeting system, the (1)H NMR relaxation of the samples was tested together with their specific loss power under an alternating magnetic field as a function of concentration. The hydrophobic as prepared MnFe2O4 nanoparticles converted to hydrophilic nanoparticles with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, well-dispersed in aqueous media, were shown to have r2 relaxivity of up to 345.5 mM(-1) s(-1) and heat release of up to 286 W g(-1), demonstrating their potential use for bioapplications.

Hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers (HMWSPs), comprised of a poly(sodium methacrylate) (PMANa) or poly(sodium acrylate) (PANa) backbone and pendent dodecyl methacrylate (DMA) or dodecyl acrylamide (DAAm) chains, respectively, were synthesized. The hydrophobic content of the copolymers, P(MANa-co-DMA) and P(ANa-co-DAAm), is in the range of 0 to 25 mol%, while their weight-average molar mass varies from ~10 000 up to ~75 000. Their self-assembly behavior in dilute aqueous solution was followed through Nile Red probing, DLS and TEM measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is mainly controlled by the hydrophobic content and not the molar mass of the copolymers. Above CMC, spherical and large-compound micelles are identified by DLS and TEM. Moreover, oleylamine coated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (CoFe2O4@OAm MNPs) of 9.4 nm with a saturation magnetization Ms = 85 emu g(-1) were solvothermally prepared. The hydrophobic CoFe2O4@OAm MNPs were successfully encapsulated into the hydrophobic cores of the structures formed by the copolymers above CMC through a solvent mixing procedure, and in that way hydrophilic CoFe2O4@HMWSP nanohybrids resulted. For comparison purposes, two alternate phase transfer approaches were also used to convert CoFe2O4@OAm MNPs to hydrophilic ones: (a) addition of a coating layer by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and (b) by the ligand exchange procedure with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). NMR transverse relaxivity measurements of the aqueous suspensions of CoFe2O4@P(ANa-co-DAAm), CoFe2O4@CTAB and CoFe2O4@DMSA were recorded and the r2 relaxivity was determined. CoFe2O4@CTAB demonstrated the highest r2 relaxivity of 554.0 mM(-1) s(-1), while CoFe2O4@P(ANa-co-DAAm) and CoFe2O4@DMSA showed lower values of 313.6 mM(-1) s(-1) and 76.3 mM(-1) s(-1), respectively.

The multifunctional role of oleylamine (OAm) as a versatile and flexible reagent in synthesis as well as a desired surface ligand for the synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) is described. CoFe2O4 NPs were prepared by a facile, reproducible and scalable solvothermal approach in the presence of pure OAm. By monitoring the volume of OAm, different shapes of NPs, spherical and truncated, were formed. The syntheses led to high yields of monodispersed and considerably small (9-11 nm) CoFe2O4 NPs with enhanced magnetization (M(s) = 84.7-87.5 emu g(-1)). The resulting hydrophobic CoFe2O4 NPs were easily transferred to an aqueous phase through the formation of reverse micelles between the hydrophobic chains of OAm and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and transverse relaxivities (r2) were measured. The spherical NPs had a greater effect on water proton relaxivity (r2 = 553 mM(-1) s(-1)) at an applied magnetic field of 11.7 T. The NPs became fluorescent probes by exploiting the presence of the double bond of OAm in the middle of the molecule; a thiol-ene "click" reaction with the fluorophore bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was achieved. The labeled/biofunctionalized CoFe2O4 NPs interacted with cancer (HeLa and A549) and non-cancer cell lines (MRC5 and dental MSCS) and cell viability was estimated. A clear difference of toxicity between the cancer and non-cancer cells was observed while low cytotoxicity in living cells was supported. Confocal laser microscopy showed that NPs entered the cell membranes and were firstly localized close to them provoking a membrane expansion and were further accumulated perinuclearly without entering the nuclei.

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile solvothermal approach. Oleylamine (OAm) was used in all synthetic procedures as a stabilizing agent and solvent. By varying the polarity of the solvents, hydrophobic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles coated with OAm of relatively similar sizes (9-11.7 nm) and in a range of magnetization values (32.0-53.5 emu g(-1)) were obtained. The as-prepared hydrophobic nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, TGA and VSM and converted to hydrophilic by two different approaches. The addition of a positively charged ligand (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) and the ligand exchange procedure (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) have been successfully applied. The aqueous suspensions of NiFe2O4@CTAB and NiFe2O4@DMSA showed good colloidal stability after a long period of time. The different surface modification affected both the NMR relaxometric measurements and the hyperthermia effects. In both techniques CTAB modification demonstrated higher r2 relaxivity (278.9 s(-1) mM(-1) in an NMR spectrometer at 11.7 T) and SAR values (423.4 W g(-1) at an applied AC field with a particle concentration of 0.5 mg mL(-1)). The results indicate that a coating with a larger molecule as CTAB under the same size, shape and magnetization of NiFe2O4 NPs gave rise to NMR relaxometric properties and heating efficacy.

The mixed valence Co(II)/Co(III) tetranuclear clusters [Co(II)2Co(III)2(tea)2(pyr)2(NO3)4]·2CH3CN (1), [Co(II)2Co(III)2(μ3-OH)2(Htea)2(bpy)4](NO3)4 (2), and [Co(II)2Co(III)2(μ3-OH)2(Htea)2(phen)4](NO3)4·2CH3CN·2CH3OH (3) are described where tea and Htea are the fully and the doubly deprotonated form of triethanolamine, while as N-donors are pyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline. Complexes 1-3 contain the Co(II)2Co(III)2O6 core and can be described as defective dicubanes with different imperfectness. In 1, the central rhombic core Co2O2 is occupied by two Co(III) ions while the external cobalt atoms display Co(II) oxidation states; meanwhile 2 and 3 exhibit a reversal in their Co(II)2Co(III)2 oxidation state distribution. Two different theoretical models were used to explain the magnetic behavior: (i) spin-spin interaction model with local anisotropy terms where S = 3/2 for both metal centers and (ii) an anisotropic spin-spin interaction model applicable in the low temperature range (T < 40 K) using effective spins (Seff = 1/2) for both metal centers. For 1 a relatively strong next-nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the Co(II) centers which are connected via diamagnetic Co(III) ion was found while for 2 and 3 the presence of ferromagnetic interaction is confirmed. The fitting results, concerning the first model, gave: J = 2.0(2)/3.2(2)/3.8(2) cm(-1), g = 2.35(1)/2.52(1)/2.57(1) and D = 11.0(1)/8.5(1)/7.8(1) cm(-1) while concerning the second model are: Jz = -7.1(2)/19.2(2)/22.1(2) cm(-1), gz = 6.8(1)/8.1(1)/8.3(1), Jxy/Jz = 0.34(2)/0.11(2)/0.14(2), and gxy/gz = 0.52(2)/0.28(2)/0.36(2) for 1-3. X-Band EPR spectrum of 1 has a very broad derivative centered at g = 5.3 while for 2 and 3 large g-variations were found in the range 20.0-1.0, indicative of an exchange interaction between Co(II) ions.

The linear trinuclear Cu(II) complexes [Cu(3)(L(1))(4)(H(2)tea)(2)] (1), [Cu(3)(L(2))(4)(H(2)tea)(2)]·2CH(3)CN (2), [Cu(3)(L(2))(4)(H(2)tea)(2)] (3), [Cu(3)(L(1))(2)(H(2)tea)(2)(NO(3))(2)] (4) and the dinuclear complex [Cu(2)(L(1))(2)(H(2)tea)(2)] (5), where L(1) = 2-thiophene carboxylate, L(2) = 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-acetate and H(2)tea = the single deprotonated form of triethanolamine have been prepared and characterised while the crystal structures of 1-4 have been determined. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of complexes 1-5 have been measured in the range 2-300 K under various external fields in the range 0.02-1.0 T. X-band EPR spectra of 1-5 compounds were recorded at 4-100 K. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 found to have the same J = 33 cm(-1) and g values 2.16(1), 2.20(1) and 2.16(1) respectively while for 5 J = 15 cm(-1) and g = 2.06(1) revealing a clear ferromagnetic exchange between Cu(II) ions. Complex 4 was found to be antiferromagnetic with J = -28 cm(-1) and g = 2.21(1). The polycrystalline powder X-band EPR spectrum of complexes 1, 2, and 3 at 4 K are dominated by a transition at 1600 G (g = 4.3) which unambiguously identifies the spin of the ground multiplet (S = 3/2) while the antiferromagnetic complex 4 has a derivative centered at g = 2.1 indicative of a ground doublet (S = 1/2). Concerning complex 5 a spectrum of a dominant derivative centered at g = 2.06(1) is observed with a very weak half field transition (ca. 1500 G) indicative of the ferromagnetic nature of the system. Furthermore, for complexes 2 and 3 a strong temperature dependence of this spectroscopic g-factor is revealed and change of the g(eff) from the liquid helium temperature to the room temperature is almost 2 units., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011)

Interaction of phenyl 2-pyridyl ketoxime (PhPyCNO)/X(-)"blends" (X(-) = OH(-), Cl(-), ClO(4)(-), 2,4-D) (2,4-DH = 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) with copper perchlorate has yielded trinuclear clusters that have been characterized as inverse-9-metallacrown-3, accommodating one or two anions. The structure of the complex [Cu(3)(PhPyCNO)(3)(mu(3)-OH)(2,4-D)(2)] x 1.25CH(3)OH.0.25CH(3)CN (1) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic studies of the interaction of copper inverse {(OH)[9-MC(CuN(PhPyCNO))-3]} metallacrowns with DNA showed that these compounds bind to dsDNA by intercalative mode with an additional covalent {(OH)[9-MC(Cu(PhPyCNO))-3]}-DNA interaction leading to hydrolytic cleavage of DNA that may be assigned to the presence of the hydroxyl group in the inverse metallacrown ring. The binding strength of [Cu(3)(PhPyCNO)(3)(mu(3)-OH)(2,4-D)(2)] (1) complex for CT-DNA was determined to be 0.56 x 10(5) M(-1). All the complexes exhibited the ability to displace the DNA-bound EthBr. DNA electrophoretic mobility experiments showed that all complexes, at low cluster concentration, are capable of binding to pDNA and linear DNA. At higher cluster concentration and in the absence of any reducing agent they showed marked chemical nuclease activity.

Two one-dimensional (1D) azido, carboxylato and DMSO triply bridged coordination polymers of formula [Cu(mu1,1-N3)(mu1,3-(C4H3S-CH2COO))(mu-DMSO)]n (1) and [Cu3(mu1,1-N3)4(mu1,3-(C4H3S-COO)2)(mu-DMSO)2]n (2) have been synthesized, structurally characterized, and their magnetic properties have been studied. Cu(II) atoms 1 in are triply bridged by an EO type azide, a syn-syn carboxylate and a mu-O from a DMSO molecule. Complex 2 presents a trinuclear repeating unit in which the Cu(II) atoms are triply bridged in a fashion identical to 1, while the trinuclear moieties are linked through two centrosymmetrically related EO azides. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of complexes 1 and 2 have been measured in the range 2-300 K under various external fields in the range 0.02-1.0 T. Both curves are almost superimposable with small differences in the low temperature range and reflect the same ferromagnetic behaviour in almost all the temperature range. Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) studies were carried out in order to fit the susceptibility curves of the two compounds. The simulated parameters are J = 126(2) cm(-1), g = 2.15(1) for compound and J1 = 126(2) cm(-1), J2 = 80(3) cm(-1)g = 2.17(1) for compound 2, proving that large ferromagnetic interactions exist in both compounds. EPR studies showed the temperature dependence of g-factors. The important g shift in the temperature range 4-100 K is attributed to internal dipolar magnetostatic fields.

The use of phenyl 2-pyridyl ketoxime (PhPyCNO)/X(-)"blends" (X(-) = OH(-), Cl(-), ClO(4)(-)) in copper chemistry has yielded trinuclear clusters that have been characterized as inverse-9-metallacrown-3 accommodating one or two anions. The magnetic behaviour has shown a large antiferromagnetic interaction. The discrepancy between the Brillouin curve and the experiment has been assigned to the influence of the antisymmetric interaction. By introducing in the magnetization formula the antisymmetric terms derived from the fitting of the susceptibility data the simulated curve become almost superimposable to the experimental one. From the EPR findings it has been shown that the compound [Cu(3)(PhPyCNO)(3)(OCH(3))(Cl)(ClO(4))] () having isosceles magnetic symmetry or lower (delta not equal 0), the antisymmetric exchange is important (G not equal 0) and DeltaE > hv. The structures of the two complexes have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.

The use of di-2-pyridyl ketone oxime (Hpko)/X- "blends" (X- = OH-, Cl-, ClO4-) in copper chemistry has yielded neutral binuclear and cationic trinuclear, pentanuclear or hexanuclear complexes. Various synthetic procedures have led to the synthesis of compounds [Cu5(pko)7].[ClO4]3.2CH3OH.2H2O (1), [Cu3(pko)3(OH)(Cl)]2[Ph4B]2.4DMF.2H2O (2), [Cu2(pko)4] (3), {[Cu6(pko)6ClO4(CH3CN)6][Cu6(pko)6(ClO4)3(CH3CN)4]}.8ClO4.14CH3CN.H2O (4). The structures of the complexes have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.

Reaction of Mn(ClO4)2 with di-pyridyl ketone oxime, (2-py)2C=NOH, gives the novel cluster [Mn(II)4Mn(III)6Mn(IV)2(mu4-O)2(mu3-O)4(mu3-OH)4(mu3-OCH3)2(pko)12](OH)(ClO4)3 1. It is the only example of a 24-MC-8, and the first metallacrown with ring metal ions in three different oxidation states. Magnetic measurements show antiferromagnetic behavior.