1. Naringenin mitigates nanoparticulate-aluminium induced neuronal degeneration in brain cortex and hippocampus through downregulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
- Author
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Rai R, Kalar PL, Jat D, and Mishra SK
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Male, Cerebral Cortex drug effects, Cerebral Cortex metabolism, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Neuroinflammatory Diseases drug therapy, Neuroinflammatory Diseases metabolism, Neuroinflammatory Diseases chemically induced, Neuroinflammatory Diseases pathology, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Down-Regulation drug effects, Nerve Degeneration drug therapy, Nerve Degeneration pathology, Nerve Degeneration chemically induced, Nerve Degeneration metabolism, Metal Nanoparticles, Flavanones pharmacology, Flavanones therapeutic use, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Hippocampus drug effects, Hippocampus metabolism, Hippocampus pathology, Aluminum toxicity
- Abstract
Alumunium usage and toxicity has been a global concern especially an increased use of nanoparticulated aluminum (Al-NPs) products from the environment and the workplace. Al degrades in to nanoparticulate form in the environment due to the routine process of bioremediation in human body. Al-NPs toxicity plays key role in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration which is characterised by the development of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques which correlates to the Alzheimer's disease. This study evaluated the Al-NPs induced neurodegeneration and causative behavioral alterations due to oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, β-amyloid aggregation, and histopathological changes in mice. Furthermore, the preventive effect of naringenin (NAR) as a potent neuroprotective flavonoid against Al-NPs induced neurodegeneration was assessed. Al-NPs were synthesized and examined using FTIR, XRD, TEM, and particle size analyzer. Mice were orally administered with Al-NPs (6 mg/kg b.w.) followed by NAR treatment (10 mg/kg b.w. per day) for 66 days. The spatial working memory was determined by novel object recognition, T-maze, Y-maze, and Morris Water Maze tests. We measured nitric oxide, advanced oxidation of protein products, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione, and acetylcholine esterase, as well as cytokines analysis, immunohistochemistry, and DNA damage. Al-NPs significantly reduced the learning memory power, increased oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant enzymatic activity, increased DNA damage, altered the levels of cytokines, and increased β-amyloid aggregation in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the mice brain. These neurobehavioral impairments, neuronal oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations were significantly attenuated by NAR supplementation. In conclusion, Al-NPs may be potent neurotoxic upon exposure and that NAR could serve as a potential preventive measure in the treatment and management of neuronal degeneration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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