11 results on '"Kreil TR"'
Search Results
2. Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralization by Immunoglobulin Preparations Manufactured From Plasma Collected in the United States and Europe.
- Author
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Farcet MR, Karbiener M, Knotzer S, Schwaiger J, and Kreil TR
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Viral, Europe, Humans, Neutralization Tests, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, United States, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, COVID-19 immunology, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
After >2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, immunoglobulins (IGs) contain highly potent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies, based on the large proportion of United States (US) plasma donors who have gone through COVID-19 or vaccination against the virus. Neutralization of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by antibodies generated after non-Omicron infection or vaccination has been lower though, raising concerns about the potency of IG against this new virus variant. Also, as plasma collected in the US remains the main source of IG, the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 for plasma collected elsewhere has been less well studied. Here, we confirm Omicron neutralization by US as well as European Union plasma-derived IG lots., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. The authors are employees of Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Vienna, Austria. M. R. F., M. K., and T. R. K. have Takeda stock interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
- Published
- 2022
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3. Rapidly Increasing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralization by Intravenous Immunoglobulins Produced From Plasma Collected During the 2020 Pandemic.
- Author
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Farcet MR, Karbiener M, Schwaiger J, Ilk R, and Kreil TR
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Immunization, Passive methods, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Pandemics prevention & control, COVID-19 Serotherapy, COVID-19 therapy, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
Immunoglobulin lots (N = 176) released since March 2020 were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies, with first positive results for September 2020 lots (mean, 1.7 IU/mL; 46% of lots positive). From there, values steadily increased, in correlation with the cumulative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence, to reach a mean of 31.2 IU/mL and 93% of lots positive by January 2021. Extrapolating the correlation, immunoglobulins could reach an anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency of approximately 345 IU/mL by July 2021. At that stage, prophylactic immunoglobulin treatment for primary/secondary immunodeficiency could contain similar doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 as convalescent plasma that is used for treatment of COVID-19., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. The authors are employees of Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria, now part of the Takeda group of companies. M. R. F., M. K., R. I., and T. R. K. have Takeda stock interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
- Published
- 2022
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4. Highly Potent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Intravenous Immunoglobulins manufactured from Post-COVID-19 and COVID-19-Vaccinated Plasma Donations.
- Author
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Karbiener M, Farcet MR, Schwaiger J, Powers N, Lenart J, Stewart JM, Tallman H, and Kreil TR
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, COVID-19 Serotherapy, COVID-19 therapy, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
From September 2020, some immunoglobulin lots from US plasma contained neutralizing antibodies against the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Paralleled by the increasing numbers of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) donors, immunoglobulin lot antibody positivity increased to 93% by January 2021, at a mean titer of approximately 30 IU/mL. The correlation predicted that anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency would reach 345 IU/mL by July 2021. In addition to post-COVID-19 donors, the rapidly increasing number of plasma donors vaccinated against COVID-19 resulted in a mean antibody titer of >600 IU/mL in July 2021 immunoglobulin lots, with SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers for several lots even higher than those of earlier produced hyperimmune globulin products., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
- Published
- 2021
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5. No SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Intravenous Immunoglobulins Produced From Plasma Collected Before the 2020 Pandemic.
- Author
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Schwaiger J, Karbiener M, Aberham C, Farcet MR, and Kreil TR
- Subjects
- COVID-19 virology, Cross Reactions, Europe, Humans, Neutralization Tests, Plasma immunology, United States, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
- Abstract
The 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is caused by a zoonotic coronavirus transmitted to humans, similar to earlier events. Whether the other, seasonally circulating coronaviruses induce cross-reactive, potentially even cross-neutralizing, antibodies to the new species in humans is unclear. The question is particularly relevant for people with immune deficiencies, as their health depends on treatment with immunoglobulin preparations that need to contain neutralizing antibodies against the pathogens in their environment. Testing 54 intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, produced from plasma collected in Europe and the United States, confirmed highly potent neutralization of a seasonal coronavirus; however, no cross-neutralization of the new SARS-CoV-2 was seen., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
- Published
- 2020
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6. Measles Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Intravenous Immunoglobulins: Is an Increase by Revaccination of Plasma Donors Possible?
- Author
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Modrof J, Tille B, Farcet MR, McVey J, Schreiner JA, Borders CM, Gudino M, Fitzgerald P, Simon TL, and Kreil TR
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- Antibodies, Neutralizing, Humans, Immunization, Secondary, Male, Measles immunology, Measles virology, Measles Vaccine administration & dosage, Antibodies, Viral blood, Blood Donors, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous administration & dosage, Measles prevention & control, Measles Vaccine immunology, Measles virus immunology, Vaccination
- Abstract
We report a screen of plasma donors confirming that widespread use of childhood measles vaccination since 1963 resulted in a decrease in average measles virus antibody titers among plasma donors, which is reflected in intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs). The measles virus antibody titer, however, is a potency requirement for IVIGs, as defined in a Food and Drug Administration regulation. To mitigate the decline in measles virus antibody titers in IVIGs and to ensure consistent product release, revaccination of plasma donors was investigated as a means to boost titers. However, revaccination-induced titer increases were only about 2-fold and short-lived., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2017
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7. Safety and immunogenicity of a vero cell culture-derived whole-virus influenza A(H5N1) vaccine in a pediatric population.
- Author
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van der Velden MV, Fritz R, Pöllabauer EM, Portsmouth D, Howard MK, Kreil TR, Dvorak T, Fritsch S, Vesikari T, Diez-Domingo J, Richmond P, Lee BW, Kistner O, Ehrlich HJ, Barrett PN, and Aichinger G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Child, Child, Preschool, Chlorocebus aethiops, Female, Humans, Infant, Influenza Vaccines adverse effects, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Male, Vero Cells, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Children are highly vulnerable to infection with novel influenza viruses. It is essential to develop candidate pandemic influenza vaccines that are safe and effective in the pediatric population., Methods: Infants and children aged 6-35 months and 3-8 years, respectively, were randomized to receive 2 immunizations with a 7.5-µg or 3.75-µg hemagglutinin (HA) dose of a nonadjuvanted whole-virus A/Vietnam(H5N1) vaccine; adolescents aged 9-17 years received a 7.5-µg dose only. A subset of participants received a booster immunization with an A/Indonesia(H5N1) vaccine approximately 1 year later. HA and neuraminidase antibody responses were assessed., Results: Vaccination was safe and well tolerated; adverse reactions were transient and predominantly mild. Two immunizations with the 7.5-µg dose of A/Vietnam vaccine induced virus microneutralization (MN) titers of ≥1:20 against the A/Vietnam strain in 68.8%-85.4% of participants in the different age groups. After the booster, 93.1%-100% of participants achieved MN titers of ≥1:20 against the A/Vietnam and A/Indonesia strains. Neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies were induced in ≥90% of participants after 2 immunizations with the 7.5 µg A/Vietnam vaccine and in 100% of participants after the booster., Conclusions: A whole-virus influenza A(H5N1) vaccine is suitable for prepandemic or pandemic immunization in a pediatric population., Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01052402.
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- 2014
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8. A vero cell-derived whole-virus H5N1 vaccine effectively induces neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies.
- Author
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Fritz R, Sabarth N, Kiermayr S, Hohenadl C, Howard MK, Ilk R, Kistner O, Ehrlich HJ, Barrett PN, and Kreil TR
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- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Humans, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Influenza, Human blood, Middle Aged, Vero Cells, Young Adult, Antibodies, Viral blood, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human immunology, Neuraminidase antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
A Vero cell-derived whole-virus H5N1 influenza vaccine has been shown to induce neutralizing antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of diverse H5N1 strains in animal studies and clinical trials. However, neuraminidase-inhibiting (NAi) antibodies can reduce viral spread and may be of particular importance in the event of an H5N1 pandemic, where immunity due to HA antibodies is likely absent in the general population. Here we demonstrate the effective induction of NAi antibody titers after H5N1 vaccination in humans. In contrast to the immune response directed toward HA, a single vaccine dose induced a strong NAi response that was not significantly boosted by a second dose, most probably due to priming by previous vaccination or infection with seasonal influenza viruses. After 2 immunizations, seroconversion rates based on antibody titers against HA and NA were similar, indicating the induction of equally strong immune responses against both proteins by this H5N1 vaccine.
- Published
- 2012
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9. A tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine based on the European prototype strain induces broadly reactive cross-neutralizing antibodies in humans.
- Author
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Orlinger KK, Hofmeister Y, Fritz R, Holzer GW, Falkner FG, Unger B, Loew-Baselli A, Poellabauer EM, Ehrlich HJ, Barrett PN, and Kreil TR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amino Acid Sequence, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, Antibodies, Viral blood, Cell Line, Tumor, Chlorocebus aethiops, Cloning, Molecular, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne genetics, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne growth & development, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne blood, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne immunology, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne prevention & control, Humans, Kinetics, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Neutralization Tests, Phenotype, Sequence Alignment, Vero Cells, Viral Vaccines genetics, Virus Cultivation, West Nile virus genetics, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Cross Reactions immunology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne immunology, Viral Vaccines immunology
- Abstract
After vaccination of humans with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) vaccine, the extent of cross-neutralization between viruses of the European, Far Eastern, and Siberian subtypes of TBEV and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) was analyzed. Hybrid viruses that encode the TBEV surface proteins for representative viruses within all subtypes, and OHFV, were constructed using the West Nile virus (WNV) backbone as vector. These viruses allow for unbiased head-to-head comparison in neutralization assays because they exhibit the antigenic characteristics of the TBEV strains from which the surface proteins were derived and showed equivalent biologic properties in cell culture. Human serum samples derived from a TBEV vaccine trial were analyzed and revealed comparable neutralizing antibody titers against European, Far Eastern, and Siberian subtype viruses, indicating equally potent cross-protection against these TBEV strains and a somewhat reduced but still protective neutralization capacity against more distantly related viruses, such as OHFV.
- Published
- 2011
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10. West Nile virus neutralization by US plasma-derived immunoglobulin products.
- Author
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Planitzer CB, Modrof J, and Kreil TR
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- Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Chlorocebus aethiops, Female, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, United States, Vero Cells, West Nile Fever drug therapy, West Nile Fever epidemiology, West Nile Fever virology, Immunoglobulins pharmacology, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous pharmacology, West Nile virus drug effects
- Abstract
The 1999 introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into the United States has resulted in the largest epidemic of arboviral illness in the Western Hemisphere, with an estimated 2.5 million cases of mostly asymptomatic human infections since then. As a consequence, an increasing occurrence of WNV antibodies in plasma collected in the United States, and thus in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products, can be expected. Using an in vitro assay to investigate antibody function, rather then presence, almost 1000-fold differences in neutralization capacity were demonstrated between individual IVIG lots. In a mouse model of lethal WNV infection, treatment with IVIG of a higher WNV antibody titer protected recipients, whereas mice treated with control IVIG died. IVIG lots with higher WNV antibody titers would seem to be desirable for substitution therapy for people with immunodeficiencies.
- Published
- 2007
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11. Antibodies protect mice against challenge with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)-infected macrophages.
- Author
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Kreil TR, Burger I, Bachmann M, Fraiss S, and Eibl MM
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- Animals, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Viral Vaccines immunology, Virus Replication, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne immunology, Macrophages virology
- Abstract
TBEV is a flavivirus highly pathogenic for humans. By transfer of antibodies directed to the TBEV surface glycoprotein E into mice, immune protection against subsequent inoculation with free TBEV particles could be achieved. After natural TBEV infection via the skin, however, cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage were recently demonstrated to represent an important source of local virus replication before viraemia occurs. Whether antibodies can protect against virus challenge when contracted in the form of infected cells, however, is still unclear. In the current study, TBEV antibodies protected mice against challenge with either free virus or TBEV-infected macrophages equally well. This observation may be of more general significance.
- Published
- 1997
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