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A study conducted by researchers at the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom explored the effects of wireless electrophysiological recording devices on the behavior of mice. The devices, called Neural Activity Tracker-1 (NAT-1), were attached to the mice and recorded brain activity for over 48 hours. The study found minimal differences in behavioral outcomes between mice with NAT-1 attachments and those without, regardless of whether they were treated with saline, the NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, or the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor blocker scopolamine. The researchers concluded that NAT-1 is a useful tool for investigating brain activity in drug discovery and models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases without significantly affecting behavioral and pharmacological outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a clinical trial exploring how reducing unnecessary anticholinergic medications might improve the quality of life, functioning, and neurocognition in individuals with schizophrenia. Topics discussed include the trial's design, the role of anticholinergic drugs in schizophrenia, and the expected outcomes from deprescribing these medications.

The article discusses the use of sublingual atropine to manage clozapine-induced sialorrhea in a bipolar disorder patient who did not respond to traditional treatments. Topics discussed include the efficacy of sublingual atropine, challenges with standard medications, and the need for further research on alternative treatments for medication-induced side effects.

A study conducted at Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital in Taiyuan, People's Republic of China, evaluated the clinical effects of atropine in combination with remifentanil in children undergoing surgery for acute appendicitis. The study compared a research group that received atropine and remifentanil with a control group that received only remifentanil. The research found that the combination of atropine and remifentanil resulted in shorter recovery times, lower incidence of adverse events, and better post-anesthesia recovery compared to remifentanil alone. The study concluded that atropine in combination with remifentanil is superior for children undergoing surgery for acute appendicitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Central Council for Research in Siddha in Chennai, India, evaluated the nootropic and neuroprotective properties of the Siddha drug Poorana Chandrothaya Chenthuram (PCC) in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia. The study found that PCC demonstrated anti-amnesic activity by reducing AChE levels and increasing antioxidant levels, suggesting modulation of cholinergic and apoptotic pathways. These findings suggest that PCC may have potential for combating memory and cognitive decline. Further research is needed to explore the neuroprotective properties of PCC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Nanjing Medical University in China examined the use of 0.01% atropine eye drops in children with myopia and intermittent exotropia (IXT). The study found that the use of atropine eye drops slowed the progression of myopia and elongation of the eye, without interfering with exotropia conditions or binocular vision. However, it was noted that the use of atropine eye drops compromised accommodative amplitude to some extent. Overall, the study supports the use of 0.01% atropine eye drops for myopia control in children with myopia and IXT. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center explored the reduction of benztropine use duration in acute psychiatry. The study aimed to improve benztropine prescribing within an acute psychiatric facility by implementing truncated electronic entry orders. Data collected from psychiatric inpatients admitted between January and June 2020 showed that the intervention resulted in a decrease in the duration of benztropine use and an increase in appropriate use. The study suggests that decreasing benztropine use duration during inpatient psychiatric admissions is feasible and may reduce the rates of benztropine prescriptions written for discharge. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about two separate clinical trials being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic intravenous neostigmine and atropine in preventing post-dural puncture headache among women undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. The trials aim to assess various factors such as the incidence, severity, and duration of post-dural puncture headache, as well as analgesic requirements and complications related to the procedure. One trial is being conducted by an unspecified organization and is currently ongoing with a completion date of November 1, 2024. The other trial is being conducted by Minia University and is not yet recruiting participants, with an estimated completion date of November 5, 2024. Both studies are focused on evaluating the efficacy and safety of the interventions in this specific population. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research conducted at Integral University in Uttar Pradesh, India, on the potential memory-enhancing effects of kiwi fruit. The study explores the antioxidant properties of kiwi fruit and their potential to mitigate cell death caused by oxidative stress. The research also investigates the impact of certain compounds found in kiwi fruit on cognitive function, particularly in relation to memory impairment in a mice model of Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest that these compounds may have antioxidant and anticholinesterase capabilities that enhance cognitive function. The full article can be accessed for free online. [Extracted from the article]

A new study published in the Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal explores the interaction between adenosine receptor blockers and anticholinergic substances in the treatment of bronchial asthma. The study aimed to assess changes in lung function parameters after administering ipratropium bromide alone and in combination with bamifylline. The results showed that the addition of anticholinergic substances did not enhance the effects of adenosine receptor blockers in patients with bronchial asthma. These findings suggest the need for further research to explore alternative therapeutic approaches in the management of bronchial asthma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University in China examined the use of 0.01% atropine eye drops in children with myopia and intermittent exotropia (IXT). The study found that the use of atropine eye drops slowed the progression of myopia and elongation of the eye, without interfering with exotropia conditions or binocular vision. The study involved 300 children aged 6 to 12 years and concluded that atropine eye drops can be used to effectively control myopia in children with IXT. The findings of this study support the use of atropine eye drops for myopia control in this population. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, explored the neuroprotective effects of Astaxanthin (AST) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease induced by scopolamine. The study involved 36 adult male mice divided into six groups, and after 14 days, their short-term memory, hippocampus tissue, oxidative and inflammatory markers were evaluated. The results showed that AST had a beneficial impact on short-term memory, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain, exhibited neuroprotective and anti-amyloidogenic properties, and decreased pro-inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. The study suggests that AST may have therapeutic benefits against cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Children's Hospital Colorado have conducted a study to evaluate the chemical stability and physical compatibility of a combination of fentanyl, rocuronium, and atropine for intramuscular drug delivery during fetal intervention and surgery. The study found that the combination of these drugs was chemically stable and physically compatible for up to 6 hours. However, after 24 hours, the particle counts exceeded tolerable thresholds. This research provides valuable information for the development of an intramuscular fetal anesthetic cocktail. [Extracted from the article]

Research conducted at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense has provided updated knowledge about U.S. military medical research. The study focused on the use of the Gottingen minipig model for laboratory research in chemical defense. The researchers conducted pharmacokinetics and physiological safety studies of various drugs, including atropine sulfate, pralidoxime chloride, and diazepam, in adult male Gottingen minipigs. The results showed that the minipigs could serve as a suitable alternative to non-human primates for further development and evaluation of nerve agent medical countermeasures. The research was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Medical University of Lublin in Poland explored the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and rivastigmine on memory impairment caused by scopolamine in mice. The study found that both CBD and rivastigmine individually improved memory in the mice, but the combination of the two compounds was even more effective in reducing cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that the combination therapy of CBD and rivastigmine could be beneficial in the treatment of cognitive disorders associated with cholinergic pathways. Further research is needed to explore the potential of this polytherapy in clinical settings. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of Marrubium vulgare extract on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats. The extract was found to alleviate memory impairment, preserve cholinergic function in the hippocampus, increase noradrenaline levels in the brain, and restore the expression of key memory-related molecules. The study suggests that the neuroprotective effects of Marrubium vulgare may be attributed to its modulation of cholinergic function, regulation of noradrenaline neurotransmission, and influence on memory-related molecules. Further research is needed to explore the potential therapeutic applications of Marrubium vulgare extract. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences explored the use of 0.01% atropine eye drops in controlling myopia progression in Caucasian children. The study involved 55 patients in the atropine group and 66 in the control group. After a 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in changes in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) between the two groups. However, children in the atropine group initially experienced higher myopia progression, which decreased with treatment over the course of 1 year. The study suggests that further research should investigate the long-term effects, rebound effects, genetic associations, and efficacy of higher doses of atropine in managing myopia progression. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, explored the potential cognitive-enhancing effects of acetylcholine receptor agonists in monkeys with a history of heavy drinking. The researchers found that two AChR agonists, xanomeline and varenicline, were effective in improving cognitive flexibility in subordinate monkeys, but not in dominant monkeys. These findings suggest that ACh agonists may be able to remediate alcohol-induced cognitive deficits in certain individuals with alcohol use disorder. The study was supported by the NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism. [Extracted from the article]

A new report presents fresh data on the efficacy and safety of low-concentration Atropine combined with orthokeratology (OK) lens in delaying juvenile myopia. The study involved 172 adolescents aged 8 to 12 years and found that the combination of low-concentration Atropine and OK lens effectively delayed the development of juvenile myopia and had a high level of safety. The study also concluded that low-concentration Atropine did not significantly impact tear secretion or tear film stability, and wearing the OK lens at night did not have a significant impact either. The research was conducted by the Department of Ophthalmology at Hengshui People's Hospital in China. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Krida Wacana Christian University in Jakarta, Indonesia, discusses the use of low-concentration atropine eye drops as a potential treatment for myopia. The study analyzed the efficacy of these eye drops in slowing the progression of myopia and found that all studies showed a slower progression rate in the atropine group compared to the control group. However, further investigation is needed, particularly in non-Asian countries. The study emphasizes the need for more research on this topic. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical study that aims to investigate the effects of low-dose atropine and soft multifocal contact lenses on myopia (nearsightedness) control. The study will recruit 75 participants between the ages of 21 and 30 who are current contact lens wearers and have normal binocular vision. The primary outcome measure is best corrected visual acuity. The study is not yet recruiting and is expected to be completed by December 31, 2025. The responsible party for the study is Donald O. Mutti, OD, PhD, from Ohio State University. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences investigated the efficacy and safety of 0.03% atropine eye drops in slowing the progression of myopia in children aged 6-12 years. The study involved 31 patients in the atropine group and 41 in the control group. The results showed that the administration of 0.03% atropine for 1 year effectively slowed the progression of myopia, with a significantly lower change in spherical equivalent and axial length compared to the control group. However, there were a higher incidence of adverse events in the atropine group. Overall, the study concluded that despite the adverse events, 0.03% atropine eye drops were effective in slowing myopia progression over 1 year. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the Federal University of Grande Dourados in Brazil has explored the therapeutic potential of Psychotria capillacea, a species of the genus Psychotria commonly known as coffee. The study investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of a methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of P. capillacea, as well as its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The extract was found to contain several alkaloids and terpene lactones, and it demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic properties in mouse models. Additionally, the study provided micromorphological and histochemical information to aid in species identification and quality control of P. capillacea. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review and network meta-analysis conducted by researchers from Jinan University in China aimed to determine the optimal concentration of atropine for slowing the progression of myopia in Chinese children and teenagers. The study analyzed 14 papers comprising 2475 cases and compared the effects of different concentrations of atropine solution. The results showed that while 1% atropine was the most effective in controlling refraction and axial length change, it also had a high incidence of adverse effects. Therefore, the researchers suggested that 0.05% atropine is the optimal concentration for Chinese children to slow the progression of myopia. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of Jinan in Shenzhen, China, focuses on aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE), a type of dry eye disease that can lead to reduced tear secretion and corneal damage. The current treatment options for dry eye syndrome are limited to eye drops or physical therapy, which only provide temporary relief. To address this, the researchers created an animal model of lacrimal gland dysfunction in rats induced by scopolamine, aiming to gain a better understanding of the pathological changes in ADDE. The study concludes that this new animal model provides a more comprehensive evaluation of lacrimal gland dysfunction in ADDE compared to existing mouse models. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Florida discusses the use of atropine sulfate as a continuous intravenous infusion for the treatment of organophosphate toxicity in a cat. The case study describes a 1-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat that presented with clinical signs suspected to be related to organophosphate toxicity. The cat was successfully treated using a high-dose continuous rate intravenous infusion of atropine sulfate, resulting in a full clinical recovery without any adverse effects. This treatment protocol is not commonly reported in veterinary literature, making this case study a valuable contribution to the field. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Chinese University of Hong Kong discusses advances in myopia control strategies for children. The research highlights various therapeutic approaches to slow the progression of myopia, including atropine eye-drops, spectacle lenses with specific lenslets, red light therapy, and contact lenses. These interventions have shown significant reductions in myopia progression, with some achieving over 60% efficacy. The report emphasizes the importance of regular use, safety monitoring, and proper instruction for these strategies. The research concludes that extensive clinical experience is necessary to build confidence in these approaches. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University have published a study comparing the effects of glycopyrrolate and atropine on oral secretions and perioperative hemodynamics in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The study found that glycopyrrolate resulted in a smoother change in heart rate compared to atropine, with no effect on blood pressure or recovery quality, and did not increase oral secretions. These findings suggest that glycopyrrolate can be used as an alternative to atropine to prevent secretions during anesthesia induction for these procedures in children. The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Kazan Federal University in Russia explored the role of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in the degradation of atropine, an anticholinergic chronotropic agent. The study found that human plasma BChE slowly hydrolyzes atropine, but its affinity for the enzyme is weak. The researchers also investigated the inhibition profiles of BChE for hydrolysis of atropine and another substrate, and found that both substrates are hydrolyzed at the same site. Molecular docking experiments suggested that the L-atropine isomer is the most reactive enantiomer. Overall, the study concluded that plasma BChE likely has no significant role in the metabolism of atropine under current medical conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses a study on the effects of attaching wireless electrophysiological recording devices, called Neural Activity Tracker-1 (NAT-1), to mice during behavioral experiments. The study found that the NAT-1 devices, which weigh approximately 3.4 g, had minimal impact on the mice's behavioral outcomes in standard parameters of locomotor activity. The researchers concluded that the NAT-1 devices are a useful tool for investigating brain activity in drug discovery and models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, with minimal effects on pharmacological and behavioral outcomes. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran compared the effects of an Atropine-Neostigmine mixture and Ondansetron on postdural puncture headaches (PDPH) in cesarean section patients. The study involved 60 pregnant women and found that neither intervention had a significant impact on preventing or reducing PDPH. The researchers concluded that none of the interventions considered were effective in managing PDPH in cesarean section procedures. This information may be useful for individuals researching pain management in cesarean section surgeries. [Extracted from the article]

A study investigated the effects of blocking muscarinic receptors on the speed of attention shifting and learning. The study found that pre-cuing resulted in the fastest shift times, followed by exogenous cuing, with endogenous attentional shifts being the slowest. The application of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, increased attentional shift times in all conditions, and also reduced the improvement of attention shift times through learning. These findings suggest that muscarinic receptors play a significant role in attention shifting and contribute to the learning of attention shifting. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for ophthalmic lenses and methods that aim to correct myopia and slow its progression using atropine or related compounds. Myopia, or shortsightedness, is a condition where distant objects appear blurry. While current optical correction strategies can shift the image to the retina, they may not slow eye growth and the progression of myopia. Atropine eye drops have shown promise in slowing myopia progression, but higher concentrations can cause side effects. The patent application describes lenses that not only correct refractive errors but also help slow myopia progression and reduce visual disturbances. These lenses may incorporate features based on the concentration of atropine or related compounds used. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University Hospital of Ghent in Belgium examined the use of atropine as a treatment for reflex anoxic syncope in children. Reflex anoxic syncope is a condition characterized by an overreaction of the vagal system, resulting in hypotension and bradycardia. The study found that atropine treatment was effective in managing the symptoms of reflex anoxic syncope, with complete resolution in 10% of cases. The researchers recommend atropine treatment over cardiac pacemaker implantation, as pacemaker implantation carries a higher risk of complications. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a Phase III clinical trial, NCT06389110, that is currently being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Alleance(R) as a treatment for progressive myopia in children aged 3 to 12 years. The trial will compare the drug, which contains atropine sulfate 0.01%, with a placebo. The study aims to assess changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and accommodation, as well as measure the incidence of adverse events and photophobia. The trial is double-blind, randomized, controlled, comparative, and multicenter in design, and is estimated to be completed by June 30, 2027. The primary investigator's contact information is provided for those interested in participating. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from researchers at the University of Utah Health discusses the effectiveness of atropine in managing sialorrhea, or excessive drooling. The study included a systematic review and meta-analysis of 56 studies involving 2,378 patients with various underlying conditions such as brain injury, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease. The researchers found that sublingual administration of atropine was superior to other routes of administration in reducing salivary flow in patients with sialorrhea. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into the management of sialorrhea. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in China examined the effect of combining 0.01% atropine with orthokeratology (OK) lenses on axial elongation in schoolchildren with myopia. The study involved 60 children aged 8-12 years and found that the combination therapy was more effective than using only OK lenses in controlling axial elongation. The research suggests that this treatment approach may be beneficial for myopic children in central Mainland China. The study was published in Frontiers in Medicine and more information can be found in the article. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Radboud University in the Netherlands have conducted a study to determine and validate the pKa value of atropine sulfate using spectrophotometry. The pKa value of a compound is important in understanding its behavior in the body. The researchers found that the pKa value of atropine sulfate is 9.94(+-)0.050, which is consistent with values found in the literature. This study provides valuable insights into pharmacy and technology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Dalian Polytechnic University in China has found that a synthetic tetrapeptide called Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro (AFFP), derived from Antarctic krill, may have neuroprotective effects and prevent memory impairment caused by scopolamine. The researchers discovered that AFFP reduced oxidative stress and controlled lipid metabolism in the brains of mice, leading to improved behavioral performance in memory tests. These findings suggest that AFFP could potentially be used as a dietary intervention to prevent memory disorders. The study was funded by the National Key Research And Development Program of China. [Extracted from the article]

The document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06366087, which aims to assess the bioequivalence, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of atropine administered sublingually (SL) or intramuscularly (IM) in healthy adult volunteers. The trial will enroll approximately 46 participants and collect blood samples to measure atropine plasma concentrations. The study will provide information on the relative bioavailability of atropine sulfate administered SL versus IM. The estimated completion date for the study is May 24, 2024. The trial has specific eligibility criteria and is regulated by the U.S. FDA. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted by Instituto Politecnico Nacional in Mexico has found that increasing histamine levels in the brain can have beneficial effects on memory, particularly in psychiatric conditions that cause memory impairments. The study focused on the use of dihydroergotamine (DHE), an FDA-approved drug for migraines, which was found to inhibit the enzyme responsible for the inactivation of histamine in the brain. The researchers demonstrated that DHE increased histamine levels in the hippocampus and improved memory in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model. The study suggests that DHE may be a potential treatment for memory impairments. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Balikesir in Turkey explored the changes in certain enzymes related to age and memory impairment in rats. The study focused on Paraoxonase (PON), Carbonic Anhydrase (CA), and b-glucosidase levels in different aged rats and rats with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. The researchers found that liver PON and liver b-glucosidase levels were significantly lower in adult rats with memory impairment, and CA activity was also reduced. The study suggests that further investigation into these enzymes could provide insights into the risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Division of Clinical Pharmacology has provided new insights into the treatment of sialorrhea, or excessive drooling, which is a common problem in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. The study focused on the use of atropine eye drops as an off-label treatment for sialorrhea and explored the development of a mucoadhesive topical oral gel formulation of atropine as an alternative route of administration. The study found that the gel formulation had a satisfactory pharmacokinetic profile, was well-tolerated, and showed no significant adverse effects. These findings suggest that the atropine gel formulation could be considered for further clinical development as a treatment for sialorrhea. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06327399, that is currently recruiting participants in Egypt. The trial aims to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine infusion dose and rapid bolus dose on hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in adults. The primary goal is to determine if the bolus dose results in similar or fewer hemodynamic changes compared to the infusion dose. The trial involves the administration of drugs such as atropine sulfate, ephedrine, and propofol, and patients will be monitored for changes in heart rate and blood pressure. The trial is expected to be completed by May 2024. [Extracted from the article]