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A study conducted at Hebei Medical University in China investigated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients. The study found that the incidence of DILI has been increasing due to the widespread use of antineoplastic agents, anti-infective drugs, and cardiovascular system drugs. The researchers identified different types of liver injury, including hepatocellular injury, cholestatic injury, mixed injury, and biochemical abnormality only. The study also identified risk factors for DILI, such as gender, alcohol use, malignancy, and pregnancy. The researchers recommend that clinicians educate patients about safe drug use and regularly monitor liver function in at-risk individuals. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Catholic University Louvain (UCLouvain) in Brussels, Belgium, focused on drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The researchers found that nearly all medications carry the risk of DILI, with idiosyncratic reactions being rare and poorly predictable. The study specifically examined the case of a 70-year-old woman with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who experienced liver injury after taking pirfenidone, an oral antifibrotic drug. The researchers concluded that early detection of potential DILI is crucial, and any drug-induced hepatitis should be reported for registration. This study aims to raise awareness among clinicians about the assessment and management of this rare adverse reaction. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the University of Paris Sud explores the challenges associated with gene therapy and drug-induced liver injury. Gene therapy has shown promise in treating genetic disorders by introducing deficient enzymes or proteins into the body. However, the introduction of foreign compounds can lead to liver reactions of varying severity. The study highlights the need for short- and long-term management strategies to prevent or correct liver reactions in clinical practice. Patients with different indications for gene therapy may have different risks of liver injury, and corticosteroids are used to address liver reactions and maintain therapeutic activity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Columbia University highlights the potential risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) during a glaucoma neuroprotection clinical trial. The study focuses on the use of nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, as a therapeutic treatment for glaucoma. The researchers discovered a serious adverse event of DILI in a participant using 3 g/day of nicotinamide. This finding is important to share with the medical community, as other participants in similar trials may experience similar adverse events, and many patients are using nicotinamide as a health supplement without medical supervision. The researchers recommend that investigators, physicians, and patients remain vigilant about DILI when exploring novel neuroprotective therapies for vision preservation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, has examined the effects of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) on the liver. The study found that AASs can cause various forms of liver injury, including a rare cholestatic syndrome with bland histology. In cases where conventional pharmacotherapeutic measures fail to alleviate symptoms, plasmapheresis may provide long-lasting relief. The study highlights the need for caution and awareness regarding the misuse of AASs, particularly among amateur athletes seeking cosmetic and performance-enhancing effects. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses new research from Air Force Medical University on the protective effects of Sangyu Granule against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Topics discussed include the granule's impact on liver function and bile acid regulation, its effect on intestinal microbiota and key liver proteins, and the limitations of fecal microbiota transplantation in this context.

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, explored the effects of green tea on liver function in the context of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The researchers analyzed 127 scientific research publications published between 2014 and 2024 and found that green tea, specifically its phenolic compounds, may have a protective effect on the liver. The study highlighted the detoxifying action of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the liver, the impact of EGCG on gut microbiota, and the potential of polyphenols in improving liver health. However, further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic and preventive mechanisms of polyphenols in liver health. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the School of Materials Science and Engineering in Jiangsu, China discusses research on drug-induced liver injury. The researchers have developed a novel near-infrared probe, Z-1065, for the real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The probe demonstrates high sensitivity and selectivity towards H2O2 and effectively monitors its generation in drug-induced liver injury mouse models. The researchers synthesized a mitochondria-targeted probe based on a thiopyrylium structure for H2O2 detection and the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into the detection and diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria focused on personalized medicine and the challenges of diagnosing idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The lack of specific features or definitive diagnostic tools makes the diagnosis of DILI difficult. The study highlights the importance of clinical and pharmacological information, along with laboratory and imaging tests, to exclude other causes of liver injury. Various standardized methods, such as the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) and structured Expert Opinion, have been developed to support clinical judgment and establish causality assessment. The study also mentions the development of a revised RUCAM, called the Electronic Causality Assessment Method (RECAM), which may replace RUCAM scoring in the future. The researchers emphasize the need for international collaborative networks and ongoing research efforts to advance biomarker qualification and validation and develop new in vitro patient-based methods for improving DILI diagnosis and moving towards a personalized medicine approach. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Zhengzhou University in China has provided new information about drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The researchers explored the role of ferroptosis, a type of cellular death, in DILI and its potential for prevention and therapy. They developed a fluorescent probe called VIS-HNO, which allowed them to visualize the up-regulations of HNO and viscosity in the process of DILI and ferroptosis. The study concluded that VIS-HNO could be a valuable tool for diagnosing ferroptosis and DILI, as well as understanding the role of ferroptosis in DILI for the development of unique treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has found that drug interactions with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes can be a predictor of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The study analyzed a large dataset of 317 drugs and their interactions with 42 non-CYP enzymes. The findings suggest that drugs that inhibit non-CYP enzymes, particularly UGT enzymes, are significantly associated with a higher risk of DILI. These findings could potentially improve the tools available for assessing the potential for DILI in humans. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have conducted a study on drug-induced liver injury in pregnant individuals. The study found that there is limited data on the causative agents and characteristics of this type of liver injury in pregnant individuals. The researchers reviewed data from patients enrolled in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network and found that pregnancy-related drug-induced liver injury was more severe compared to nonpregnant women. The study recommends deferring the use of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis to the postpartum period and using beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers instead of methyldopa for hypertension management during pregnancy. [Extracted from the article]

The article details a case study from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, highlighting drug-induced liver injury (DILI) linked to savolitinib, a new MET kinase inhibitor for NSCLC. Topics discussed include the patient's liver enzyme changes and recovery, the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) indicating savolitinib as a 'highly probable' cause of DILI, and the potential implications for future dosing and pharmacokinetics of the drug.

A recent study from Karnataka, India, has provided new data on drug-induced liver injury, specifically focusing on the case of a 49-year-old male patient who experienced acute hepatitis as a result of rosuvastatin therapy. Rosuvastatin is a commonly used statin for lowering cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The patient presented with various symptoms, including loose motion, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Prompt discontinuation of the statin therapy and symptomatic treatment led to the patient's recovery. The study emphasizes the importance of diligent monitoring and surveillance to identify and manage potential adverse effects associated with statin therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Connecticut explores the genetic factors and signaling pathways involved in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Acetaminophen is a widely used over-the-counter medication with analgesic and antipyretic effects. The study highlights the crucial role of the transcription factor NRF2 in protecting against acetaminophen toxicity and emphasizes the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic landscape that influences susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury. The study was supported by the University of Connecticut Endowment Fund from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Roeselare, Belgium, has found that a rare case of drug-induced liver injury was caused by a CYP2D6 gene polymorphism that led to dysfunction and accumulation of a potentially hepatotoxic metabolite of the drug Trazodone. The patient, a 46-year-old female with a history of type I diabetes, alopecia areata, and autoimmune hypothyroidism, experienced significant hepatocellular hepatitis. The researchers recommend targeted pharmacogenomic testing to minimize the risk of drug-induced liver injury. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, explored the effects of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) on the in vivo fate of liposomes, which are nano-carriers used for targeted drug delivery. The study found that under pathological liver conditions, liposomes exhibited prolonged blood circulation and enhanced accumulation in the liver. Changes in plasma proteins and mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-related cell subpopulations contributed to these altered in vivo effects. The study also highlighted the potential for targeted delivery in patients with liver injury, but cautioned about the clinical application of liposomes in individuals with pathological liver conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Universidad de Leon in Spain explores the role of gut microbiota in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI), specifically focusing on the main causative agent, amoxicillin-clavulanate. The study analyzed serum and fecal samples from 46 patients, including healthy controls, non-iDILI acute hepatitis patients, and iDILI patients. The findings revealed that iDILI patients had a distinct gut microbiome profile associated with reduced fecal secondary bile acids and metabolites linked to lower inflammation. The study suggests that specific gut microbiota profiles may impact the onset and progression of iDILI. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the University of Southern California (USC) provides data on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with the drug elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI). The study used data from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) and found 452 reports of DILI associated with ETI, representing 2.1% of all adverse event reports for the drug. The research highlights the need for further investigation into the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused by ETI and the development of strategies to mitigate this risk. The study was published in the Journal of Cystic Fibrosis and was supported by the Anton Yelchin Foundation. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at China Pharmaceutical University have conducted a study on drug-induced liver injury and its relationship with gut microbiota. The study found that there is a close association between gut microbiota and drug-induced liver injury, although the specific mechanism is still unclear. Alterations in gut microbiota were observed in cases of drug-induced liver injury caused by various drugs, and the severity of the injury was closely linked to specific gut microbiota and their abundance. The researchers suggest that targeting gut microbiota could be a potential treatment for drug-induced liver injury. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by Gilead Sciences Inc. in Foster City, California, explores the risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) during drug development. The study focuses on the effects of various compounds on genes associated with bile acid (BA) metabolism and transport, as well as the inhibition of bile salt export pump (BSEP). The researchers found that the induction of the CYP7A1 gene through different mechanisms can increase the risk of DILI, either independently or in synergy with BSEP inhibition. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating CYP7A1 induction early in drug discovery. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from New York City discusses the rare occurrence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by low-dose atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug. Atorvastatin is generally well-tolerated, but it can have adverse effects, including DILI. The report presents a case study of a 69-year-old woman who developed symptoms of fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain after starting atorvastatin. Her liver function tests showed significant abnormalities, but her symptoms and liver function eventually improved after discontinuing the medication. The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring liver function in patients on low-dose statins, even if their baseline liver function is normal. Personalized approaches to statin therapy may be necessary to minimize the risk of adverse effects. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Sichuan University examined the metabolic dynamics and predictive markers of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI). The study analyzed the metabolic profiles of plasma samples from healthy controls and newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients who either developed ATB-DILI or completed their treatment without any adverse drug reaction. The findings revealed that levels of fatty acids and bile acids significantly increased over time in ATB-DILI subjects, indicating the role of fatty acids metabolism and bile acids metabolism in the progression of ATB-DILI. This study provides valuable insights into the pathological process of ATB-DILI in clinical settings. [Extracted from the article]

New research from Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jinan, People's Republic of China, explores drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and its connection to ferroptosis, a process involving an imbalance of lipid reactive oxygen species. The researchers developed a near-infrared fluorescence probe called DILI-ONOO to detect and visualize peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a marker of early liver injury. The probe demonstrated good sensitivity and selectivity, allowing for early identification of DILI before serious liver injury occurs. The study suggests a strong correlation between the progression of DILI and ferroptosis and highlights the potential of DILI-ONOO in investigating the DILI process and assessing medication effectiveness. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Fifth Medical Center in Beijing, China, examined age-related differences in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The study analyzed data from 17,946 patients with confirmed DILI and found that children and elderly individuals face a higher risk of adverse outcomes following DILI. The distribution of DILI cases across different age groups was as follows: 6.57% were children, 24.82% were young adults, 49.06% were middle-aged individuals, and 19.54% were elderly individuals. The study also identified differences in the types of drugs associated with DILI in different age groups. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) discusses the use of artificial intelligence in classifying drug-induced liver injury (DILI) based on drug labeling documents. The study utilized text mining and XGBoost models to analyze the content of drug labels and achieved high accuracy in predicting DILI. The researchers suggest that these methods can be applied to other text processing and classification tasks. For more information, readers can refer to the article "Automatic text classification of drug-induced liver injury using document-term matrix and XGBoost" published in Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Jinan in Shandong, China has made advancements in our understanding of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The researchers developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe called BCOU-S, which can independently visualize the status of lipid droplets (LDs) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) fluctuations. BCOU-S was found to be a sensitive and effective tool for early DILI prevention, as it can distinguish subtle changes in ONOO- induced by different drugs in DILI cell models. The study concluded that BCOU-S is a useful tool for monitoring early DILI development. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the University of Granada in Spain has identified gene variations associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in pediatric patients. The researchers sequenced the exomes of 43 patients diagnosed with DILI and found two variations in the NAT2 gene. These variations were present in 41 of the 43 patients studied, suggesting that they may be risk factors for DILI and highlighting the importance of the acetylation pathway in drug metabolism. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic factors that contribute to DILI in children. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Zhejiang University explored the therapeutic effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, on drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The study identified 26 genes related to both HJD and DILI, as well as 41 potential active compounds in HJD. The research found that HJD has a protective effect on DILI through the Tryptophan metabolism pathway. The study concluded that these findings provide insights into the treatment effects of HJD on DILI. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Guangdong Pharmaceutical University in China discusses the role of gut microecology in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). DILI is a common clinical pharmacogenic disease and is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States and Europe. The report highlights the ways in which drugs can cause hepatic damage and the importance of the gut microecology in the occurrence and development of DILI. Imbalance in the gut microecology can lead to intestinal barrier destruction and microorganism translocation, which can initiate or worsen DILI. The report emphasizes the contribution of the gut microecology to DILI and provides an overview of the mechanisms, common drugs, and therapeutic strategies related to DILI. [Extracted from the article]

A study published in Clinical Trials Week discusses the development of a machine learning model called DILIPredictor, which aims to improve the detection of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The model combines in vitro and in vivo data, including chemical structural features, to predict DILI. The researchers trained the model on a dataset of 888 compounds and tested it on a separate dataset of 223 compounds. DILIPredictor achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.79 and was able to identify chemical substructures causing DILI and differentiate between animal and human sensitivity. The model is publicly available for use and further research is needed to validate its findings. [Extracted from the article]

A report from researchers at the University of Mosul discusses drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which can be caused by exposure to both synthetic and naturally occurring chemical substances. The increasing use of substances for medical treatment and the popularity of herbal products without strict regulation contribute to the seriousness of this problem. Diagnosing DILI can be challenging due to the wide range of underlying mechanisms and risk factors, and it can range in severity from mild to potentially fatal. The report emphasizes the need to establish a causal correlation between suspected substances and other causes of liver injury for an accurate diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from China Pharmaceutical University discusses new findings on drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The researchers developed a theranostic nanoplatform using NIR-II luminescent nanoparticles to diagnose and treat DILI. The nanosystem was able to alleviate oxidative stress and mitigate liver injury-related symptoms. This research provides valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of DILI. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center investigated the risk and impact of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in newly diagnosed cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The study included 2,816 patients and found that approximately 11% of patients developed DILI during follow-up. The risk of DILI was significantly higher in patients with pre-existing liver disease. DILI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring and management of liver function in patients receiving ICIs, particularly those with pre-existing liver conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers from Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, evaluated the efficacy and safety of bicyclol in treating acute drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. The study included 148 patients, divided into control, high-dose, and low-dose groups. The results showed that bicyclol was effective and safe in treating anti-TB DILI, with the high-dose group showing higher efficacy. This research provides valuable insights into potential treatments for drug-induced liver injury in tuberculosis patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has investigated drug-induced liver injury in monkeys. The study focused on a brain-penetrant analog of everolimus, referred to as (1), which inhibits mTOR function in the brain. The researchers found that (1) produced severe toxicity, including hepatic toxicity, in cynomolgus monkeys. They also discovered that the bioactivation of (1) to reactive intermediates was species-specific, with cyano conjugates observed only in monkey liver microsomes. These findings suggest that the iminium ion may play a role in the mechanism of liver toxicity observed in monkeys. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Texas Tech University discusses the use of machine learning to predict drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and validate its effectiveness on failed drug candidates. The researchers developed machine learning models using a large human dataset and found that the random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were the most effective in predicting DILI. These models were then applied to a set of drug candidates that had failed in clinical development due to hepatotoxicity, and both RF and MLP accurately predicted the toxic drug candidates. The study suggests that machine learning approaches hold promise for identifying DILI liabilities during drug development. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the Department of Bioinformatics in Beijing, China discusses the importance of early detection of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in drug development and toxicity assessment. The researchers introduced a novel model called the Multi-view Uncertainty Deep Forest (MVU-DF) for predicting DILI. This model expands the Deep Forest architecture to multiple views and incorporates uncertainty estimation to evaluate the confidence of predictions. The research concludes that this model has the potential to improve the accuracy and decision-making transparency of hepatotoxicity predictions in drug development. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Guangxi Normal University in Guilin, People's Republic of China, have developed a smart-responsive photoacoustic sensor based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) for the visualization of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and tracking of drug-induced liver injury. The sensor, which utilizes the unique structure of the MOF to selectively recognize H2S molecules, allows for non-invasive and highly specific in situ second near-infrared (NIR-II) photoacoustic imaging of hepatotoxicity induced by metformin. The research findings provide a promising approach for monitoring liver injury in real time and with high sensitivity. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the BAGUI Scholar Program. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Toronto has shed light on the mechanisms underlying nevirapine-induced idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI). Nevirapine is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV, but its usage has decreased due to concerns about liver injury. The study found that nevirapine induces the release of corticosterone, a hormone that contributes to delayed-onset liver injury. The research suggests that acute glucocorticoid signaling is harmful in the context of nevirapine-induced liver injury and has implications for screening drug candidates for IDILI risk and preventing nevirapine-induced IDILI. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Sichuan University in China investigated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by antidepressant drugs. The researchers analyzed data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) database and found a significant association between DILI and nefazodone, as well as associations between DILI and duloxetine and clomipramine. However, the study could not establish a definite causal link between antidepressants and DILI, and further research is needed to assess the potential for new-generation antidepressants to cause DILI. The study highlights the importance of monitoring and understanding the adverse effects of antidepressant drugs. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth in Virginia highlights the underreporting of drug-induced liver injury caused by supplements. The study focused on a case of a 27-year-old man who presented with jaundice and liver injury after taking a testosterone booster supplement for six months. Initially, the cause of the liver injury was attributed to acetaminophen, but further investigation revealed the supplement as the underlying cause. The study emphasizes the importance of including supplement education and questioning in the evaluation of liver injuries and maintaining a high index of suspicion when other common causes are ruled out. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria in Malaga, Spain have conducted a study on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and positive rechallenge. The study analyzed cases from two DILI registries and found that patients with positive rechallenge had shorter duration of therapy and latency, increased aspartate transaminase levels, and longer time to recovery. The main drug implicated in rechallenge was amoxicillin-clavulanate, and the majority of re-exposure events were unintentional. The study proposes a new definition of rechallenge in DILI based on ALT and ALP levels. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from China Pharmaceutical University have developed and validated an interpretable prediction model for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in tuberculosis (TB) patients. The study utilized the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic algorithms to develop the models. The XGBoost model demonstrated improved performance, with an AUROC of 0.89 and an AUPR of 0.75. The study also highlighted the contribution of baseline liver-related ailments and specific variables such as age, alanine transaminase (ALT), and total bilirubin (Tbil) to DILI status. Further research and validation are needed to enhance the model's clinical understanding and application. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Xinxiang Medical University in China has developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe called QL-3F that can be used to image drug-induced liver injury (DILI). DILI is a common liver disease and a major public health concern. The probe demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity to superoxide anion (O2 center dot-), which is closely related to DILI. QL-3F was successfully used to image endogenous O2 center dot- in cells and in mice with DILI. This research provides a useful tool for detecting O2 center dot- and diagnosing DILI. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center conducted a study to investigate the potential risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by CDK4/6 inhibitors. They analyzed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and found positive signals for DILI with ribociclib and abemaciclib. The study also identified potential toxicological mechanisms of CDK4/6i-induced liver injury through drug-gene network analysis. The researchers concluded that ribociclib showed the highest risk of liver injury, followed by abemaciclib, while palbociclib appeared relatively safe. They recommend cautious use of CDK4/6 inhibitors and regular liver function monitoring for long-term use. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers from Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy in Ankara, Turkey, aimed to evaluate the most sensitive biomarker of olanzapine-induced liver injury and how it is affected by gene polymorphisms. The study found that alpha-glutathione-S-transferase (a-GST) is not routinely measured in clinics, even though it can serve as an earlier and more specific biomarker of liver damage. However, contrary to their hypothesis, the increase in serum a-GST levels was not significantly greater than that of the transaminases. ALT was found to be an earlier biomarker of liver injury. The study also found a significant association between the GSTP1 gene polymorphism and ALT levels, suggesting it as a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this genotype's association with transient liver enzyme increase. [Extracted from the article]