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The article presents a case study of a 20-year-old man with a history of electronic-cigarette use, also known as vaping, was evaluated in the pulmonary clinic of U.S. hospital. Because of progressive dyspnea and abnormal findings on chest imaging the patient firstly treated with empirical antibiotic but after knowing about thrombotic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome of patients he was treated with systemic anticoagulation along with prednisone, two doses of rituximab.

The article discusses the case of a 47 year old man with acute HIV infection. A description of his course of illness is presented. The differential diagnosis which included a bacterial infection that spread to the meninges is discussed. A discussion which examines the involvement of atypical bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection is presented. Viral infections that cause fever and rash as seen in this man are also examined.

A letter to the editor is presented about acute infection with HIV-1 and its association with a mononucleosis-like illness in patients.

The article describes the case of a 43-year-old pregnant woman who was admitted to the labor and delivery service of a hospital due to vaginal bleeding. Her medical history included obesity and migraine headaches. During cesarean delivery, the patient experienced suddent onset of bradycardia, chest pain, loss of consciousness and apnea. She was diagnosed with amniotic-fluid embolism. Treatment options for her condition are mechanical circulatory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

The article describes the case of a 55-year-old man who experienced alcohol withdrawal delirium and multifactorial delirium. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the Massachusetts General Hospital because of seizures and agitation. He was found to be confused and afebrile after he stopped drinking alcohol. Signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal delirium include hallucinations, hypertension, tachycardia, fever and diaphoresis.

The article describes the case of a male patient who presented to a hospital with abdominal pain. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed dilated distal abdominal aorta. The patient underwent a right axillobifemoral bypass operation and was given several medications including vancomycin and ceftriaxone. The patient returned to the hospital after one month due to chest and back pain. CTA revealed an enlargement of the aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta.

The article describes the case of a 21-year-old man admitted to a hospital due to arthralgias, dyspnea, and pulmonary infiltrates and was readmitted after a month due to persistent fatigue, myalgias, knee pain, and night sweats. The man was diagnosed to have a protracted illness which started 14 months before his second admission to the hospital. The patient has interstitial lung disease but it is questioned whether it is an idiopathic form or is associated with a specific disease process.

The article discusses the clinical case of a 16-year-old girl who was admitted due to trauma and extensive burns sustained in a motor-vehicle accident. The physical and laboratory findings on the patient are described. The therapeutic and rehabilitation approaches administered to the patient are described, including the psychiatric management given to the patient. Clinical information on traumatic brain injury is also provided.

The article discusses the case of a male patient diagnosed with profound hypothyroidism. The patient presented to the hospital with weakness, anorexia, malaise, history of falling and diffuse pain. The patient has a history of renal transplantation due to renal failure. Following the diagnosis of profound hypothyroidism, the patient was managed with intravenous levothyroxine and continuous venovenous hemofiltration. The patient developed infections and eventually died.

The article describes the case of a 27-year-old pregnant woman who had experienced spontaneous rupture of a gravid uterus on the left posterolateral wall with hematometra. The patient experienced abdominal pain during labor with cessation of contractions and vaginal bleeding before she was admitted to a hospital in Ethiopia. The possible causes of this condition are chorioamnionitis, placental abruption and uterine rupture.

The article describes the case of a 34-year-old woman with glucose homeostasis and hypoglycemia. The patient experienced symptoms such as episodes of altered mental status and amnesia. She underwent the differential diagnosis of altered mental status and an electrocardiogram. Causes of hypoglycemia include the treatment of diabetes.

The article describes the case of a 35-year-old man presented with dyspnea, anemia, and renal failure. The patient was in respiratory distress according to the examination conducted. His cytologic examination revealed evidence of acute inflammation and pulmonary macrophages, with no malignant cells.

The article describes the case of an 18-year-old man presented with blurred vision, dysarthria and ataxia, which had reportedly progressed to coma. The patient had an abrupt onset of weakness, shaking and buckling of his legs, and clumsiness of his right hand the evening before his admission. Details of the results of his physical and laboratory examinations are discussed. Information on the initial management of the patient is also provided.

Background: Enzalutamide (formerly called MDV3100) targets multiple steps in the androgen-receptor–signaling pathway, the major driver of prostate-cancer growth. We aimed to evaluate whether enzalutamide prolongs survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy. Methods: In our phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we stratified 1199 men with castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance-status score and pain intensity. We randomly assigned them, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive oral enzalutamide at a dose of 160 mg per day (800 patients) or placebo (399 patients). The primary end point was overall survival. Results: The study was stopped after a planned interim analysis at the time of 520 deaths. The median overall survival was 18.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.3 to not yet reached) in the enzalutamide group versus 13.6 months (95% CI, 11.3 to 15.8) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death in the enzalutamide group, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.75; P<0.001). The superiority of enzalutamide over placebo was shown with respect to all secondary end points: the proportion of patients with a reduction in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level by 50% or more (54% vs. 2%, P<0.001), the soft-tissue response rate (29% vs. 4%, P<0.001), the quality-of-life response rate (43% vs. 18%, P<0.001), the time to PSA progression (8.3 vs. 3.0 months; hazard ratio, 0.25; P<0.001), radiographic progression-free survival (8.3 vs. 2.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.40; P<0.001), and the time to the first skeletal-related event (16.7 vs. 13.3 months; hazard ratio, 0.69; P<0.001). Rates of fatigue, diarrhea, and hot flashes were higher in the enzalutamide group. Seizures were reported in five patients (0.6%) receiving enzalutamide. Conclusions: Enzalutamide significantly prolonged the survival of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy. (Funded by Medivation and Astellas Pharma Global Development; AFFIRM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00974311.) [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the medical case of a 49-year-old man presented with fever, pain and cranial nerve deficits after squamous-cell cancer of the oral cavity treatment. The patient's medical history is detailed. Results of pathological examination on the patient are discussed as well as the differential diagnosis centered on an infectious process and recurrent cancer. Management of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck and the risk of r5ecurrence are discussed.

The article describes the case of a 30-year-old woman presented with shock and abdominal-wall necrosis after a cesarean section. The patient had undergone cesarean section at 36.4 weeks gestation due to suspected chorioamnionitis, fetal tachycardia and a prolonged deceleration on a fetal heart-rate tracing during labor augmented by oxytocin. Her medications on admission included prenatal vitamins, iron and acetaminophen. Details of the results of her laboratory tests are discussed.

The article describes the case of a 60-year-old woman who complained of painful muscle spasms, weakness and hyperreflexia. Information on her medical history is provided, as well as the results of her laboratory tests. Degenerative changes of both the cervical and lumbar spine were detective via magnetic resonance imaging. Differential diagnosis include limbic encephalitis and herpes encephalitis. She was diagnosed with stiff person syndrome and anti-amphiphysin antibodies.

The article presents a case study of an old woman diagnosed with back pain and fever. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the patient shows inflammatory changes in her adjacent epidural space and paraspinal soft tissues. It notes that she did not have obvious cortical destruction that usually has bacterial osteomyelitis.

The article describes the case of a 15-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea. The boy also developed episodes of midline low back pain, which were worse in the morning and improved with activity and flexion. Details of the results of his examinations are discussed. He was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia, thalassemia minor, obesity, borderline hypertension, mild asthma, and eczema. Irritable bowel syndrome was also considered.

The article presents a case study of a 29-year-old woman who was admitted to a hospital for increasing abdominal pain and fever and was later diagnosed to be suffering from Epstein-Barr viral infection or infectious mononucleosis. The patient has cerebral palsy and spastic quadriplegia. The day before admission, she observed foul-smelling urine and pain in the left lower quadrant and the left flank.

The article presents case study of a 68-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Indian tick typhus caused by Rickettsia conorii subspecies indica. It mentions that Rickettsia conorii subspecies indica was associated with diarrhea, altered mental status, hyponatremia, arthralgias without arthritis, and a mild cough with normal findings on a cardiopulmonary examination and chest radiography.

The article presents a case study of a 38-ear-old man with abdominal pain and altered mental status. He received normal saline and pamidronate intravenously after early repolarization found through the electrocardiogram. Bilateral prominent cervical lymph nodes and multiple enlarged nodes in the abdomen were found after the administration of oral and intravenous contrast material. Differential diagnosis made to the patient from several physicians were also mentioned.

The article describes the case of a 59-year-old patient who was admitted to a hospital because of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The patient showed indications of anorexia and weakness before his admission despite having normal blood levels of thyrotropin and vitamin B12. According to the authors, the patient has celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy.

The article discusses a case of a 34-year-old man diagnosed with antimony poisoning due to ingestion of antimony potassium tartrate or tartar emetic. The patients experienced nausea and had over 50 episodes of vomiting, as well as diarrhea. The poison control center recommended continuous cardiac monitoring and serial ECGS, serial measurement of potassium levels, administration of activated charcoal and chelatin therapy with dimercaprol.

The article describes the case of a 27-year-old man who was seen in an endocrinology clinic because of fatigue, myalgias, weakness, weight loss and loss of libido. Thirteen months prior to presentation, the patient lost 36.3 kilograms in 10 months through aerobics and calorie-restricted diet. Two months before evaluation, he developed arm weakness, numbness and aching in his legs, decreased libido with loss of morning erections and a faint lacy rash on his legs.

The article discusses a case of a 77-year-old male patient diagnosed with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The patient presented with progressive renal failure, leg edema, and hemoptysis. Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies were highly sensitive and specific and their presence can be confirmed by Western blot analysis. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids because of the results of the urinalysis and the presence of dysmorphic red cells in the sediment.

The article discusses the case of newborn boy who was confined in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to respiratory distress. An overview of the baby's medical background as well as his mother's is given. Results of the examination performed on the patient in the NICU are discussed. The baby developed the neonatal abstinence syndrome characterized by tremors, agitation and poor sleeping. The differential diagnosis made on the patient is biventricular hypertrophy.

The article presents a case study of a 35-year-old man who was taken to the emergency department due to right-sided neck pain, hoarseness and dysphagia. It notes that the patient developed the pain while conducting manual labor outdoors. Examination results show that the right side of the tongue appeared swollen with decreased furrows. The patient has been diagnosed with the dissection of the right internal carotid artery with an associated pseudoaneurysm at the base of the skull.

The article describes the clinical case of a 54-year-old man who complained of visual-field loss and a mass in the brain. The medical history of the patient is described, along with his differential diagnosis and pathological findings. Clinical findings and laboratory findings on the patient led to the diagnosis of glioblastoma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV of IV, with methylation of the methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter.

The article describes the case of a 32-year-old woman who was diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast. Prior to her admission, the patient has observed a crease in the upper outer portion of her right breast. A mass was detected via mammography and ultrasonography. Information on her medical history is provided. Her immunohistochemical staining showed strong overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Trastuzumab is the recommended treatment option.

The article describes the clinical case of a 48-year-old woman who complained of diplopia, headaches and papilledema. Computed tomography on the patient revealed bilateral enlargement of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles and effacement of the sulci, while her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed moderate and diffuse ventricular enlargement. Laboratory and clinical findings on the patient led to the diagnosis of cysticercosis involving the cerebral ventricles and spinal meninges.

The article discusses the case of a patient given the differential diagnosis of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE), also known as eczema herpeticum. The results of tests performed on the patient and the treatment administered are discussed. Some infections that can resemble KVE are smallpox, varicella-zoster virus and staphylococcal infection. Also discussed are noninfectious disorders that can resemble KVE such as pustular psoriasis, drug hypersensitivity and erythema multiforme.

The article discusses the medical case of a 62-year-old man who was hospitalized due to paresthesias, jaundice, weight loss and anemia. Some symptoms exhibited by the patient two months before he was admitted to a hospital were numbness, stiffness and weakness of the hands. Medications taken by the patient before his admission included lisinopril, ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Results of diagnostic test performed on the patient are discussed. The diagnosis of sensory ataxia is discussed.

The article describes the case of a ten-month old girl presenting with episodic vomiting and unresponsiveness. Assessment of the airway, breathing, and circulation was performed. Mental state fluctuated although there was no evident seizure activity or obvious toxidrome. Extraction of cerebrospinal fluid by means of lumbar puncture and magnetic resonance imaging of the head was conducted. Gastrointestinal causes of unresponsiveness were considered as well as the neurologic causes of vomiting.

The article describes the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia and admitted to the hospital because of weakness, rash and renal failure. The patient was given medications and underwent several laboratory tests including electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, computed tomographic scan of the head and cervical spine, and urinalysis. The patient developed tachypnea and agitation. Evaluation showed the differential diagnoses of rhabdomyolysis and its pathological characteristics.

The article describes the case of a 16-year-old boy who presented abdominal pain and a mediastinal mass upon hospital admission. The patient complained of sharp pain, radiating to his back, worsening with movement, deep inspiration and swallowing and improving slightly with sitting upright. Pancreatitis was the tentative diagnosis given. Laboratory tests came out normal, thus the patient underwent computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, which revealed a cystic mass.

The article discusses a case of a 67-year-old man with persistently elevated serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The patient had very little tumor on just one of several biopsies. The evidence in favor of metastatic bone disease was weak and a biopsy specimen of the suspicious focus was negative. Doctors suggested discontinuing hormone therapy and performing transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy (TTMB) of the prostate.

The article discusses the case of a 53-year-old man suffering from Crohn's disease who was undergoing immunosuppressive therapy and was hospitalized due to diarrhea, fever and bacteremia. The results of physical and laboratory tests performed on the patient are discussed. The patient also has osteopenia of the femoral neck, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, allergic rhinitis and hypertriglyceridemia. The medications prescribed to the patients are also discussed.

The article discusses a case of a 79-year-old male diagnosed with necrotizing noninflammatory myopathy that is consistent with exposure to statins. The patient developed weakness in both legs and had difficulty walking. On the third day of admission, abdominal distention and pain developed. A radiograph revealed gas-filled loops of bowel, consistent with ileus. Electromyography findings for the patient were indicative of a myopathic process with membrane irritability.

The article discusses the clinical case of a 45-year-old man who was admitted to a hospital due to rapid cognitive decline and worsening jaundice. The patient's physical, laboratory and imaging examinations revealed jaundice, bilateral facial telangiectasias, hypodensity and mass effect in the right temporal lobe and insula. He underwent brain surgery and was placed under a treatment regimen composed of clindamycin, pyrimethamine, and atovaquone, along with antiretroviral therapy.

The article discusses the clinical case of a 39-year-old man who was diagnosed with HIV-associated dementia along with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient's delusions, attentional problems and disorientation led to the diagnosis of delirium related to AIDS and severe immune suppression. The treatment administered to the patient is described, including the clinical outcome.

The article describes the case of a 37-year-old man diagnosed with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) with episodic weakness, acute paralysis, hypokalemia with low levels of urinary potassium and evidence of hyperthyroidism. The patient complained of muscle pain and weakness upon hospital admission. He also reported that he had had similar but much less severe pain intermittently for the past month and that he also suffered from fever, sore throat and decreased appetite.

The article describes the case of a six-day-old male patient who was admitted to a medical facility due to diarrhea, vomiting as well as abdominal distention. Medical professionals obtained samples of blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid from the patient to rule out potential development of bacteremia, urinary-tract infection and meningitis. The case focuses on the need for medical experts to first consider life-threatening conditions in newborn patients.

The article describes the case of a 63-year-old woman with rapidly progressive respiratory failure. She had a history of Poland syndrome and had received a silicone implant in the right breast 28 years earlier. She also had high white-cell count and poor wound healing after surgeries, which raised concern about a possible implant-associated infection. The common causes of implant-associated pain are also discussed.

The article describes the case of a patient with a history of recurrent hidradenitis suppurativa and diabetes mellitus. Based on physical examinations performed on the patient, he was found with a small abrasion on his left hand which he thought to be caused by a dog bite. His laboratory revealed the development of a medical condition called thrombocytopenia.

The article describes the case of a 52-year-old man who was admitted to a hospital because of swelling and weakness in his legs. He was readmitted to another hospital a couple of weeks after discharge due to pain in the right arm. The patient underwent transsphenoidal resection after the sellar mass was identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ectopic sources of excess corticotropin are also discussed.

The article describes the case of a woman in her 90s with ptosis of the left eyelid. It says that the patient had been in her normal health until 4 days earlier when she was not able to open her left eye on awakening. She was diagnosed with dysfunction of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which was possibly caused by spontaneous disinsertion of the levator palpebrae tendon. She was administered intravenously with vancomycin, furosemide, metronidazole, methylprednisolone and cefepime.

The article describes the case of a 34-year-old man who was diagnosed with hypokalemia-associated paralysis due to a chronic intestinal protozoal or microsporidial infection. The patient complained of weakness, six-month history of chronic diarrhea and weight loss. The diagnostic procedures administered to the patient are described, including the results. The views of various doctors on the patient's case are also highlighted, along with their treatment suggestions.

The article describes the case of a male infant who was diagnosed with neuroendocrine-cell hyperplasia of infancy. The 9-month old infant had recurring respiratory distress that began when he was 5 months of age. Differential diagnoses include interstitial lung disease, bronchocentric granulomatosis, and cellular interstitial pneumonitis. Details of the treatment given the infant and its outcome are provided.

The article presents a case study of a 93-year-old woman with chest pain and shortness of breath. She had been in her usual state of health with chronic renal insufficiency and hypertension until the admission, wherein she was awakened by stabbing substernal chest pain that radiated to the jaw and left shoulder. The importance of considering the diagnosis of aortic dissection in patients with chest pain and ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram (ECG) is also discussed.