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Objective:: To determine the tolerance of increasing dosages of an incompletely hydrolysed and/or incompletely absorbed food dextrin coming from wheat starch, NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB, at daily levels of 10 and 15 g up to 60 and 80 g, respectively. Design:: A randomized, double-blind, multiple dose, placebo-controlled, combined crossover and parallel trial. Setting:: The metabolic ward of TNO Nutrition and Food Research. Subjects:: A total of 20 healthy men (age 31.7[plus or minus]9.1 y; BMI 24.5[plus or minus]2.9 kg/m[sup.2]). Intervention:: One group of 10 subjects consumed on top of their diet 10, 30 and 60 g of NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB or maltodextrin (placebo) daily. The other group of 10 subjects consumed 15, 45 and 80 g daily. Each dose was consumed for 7 days. Results:: Compared with placebo, flatulence occurred more frequently over the last 6 days on 30, 60 or 80 g/day of NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB (P [less than] 0.05). During the last 24 h, that is, days 6-7, of 60 and 80 g/day of NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB, the frequency of flatulence was even higher (P [less than] 0.05). During the last 24 h on a daily dose of 60 g NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB, the frequency of defecation decreased (P [less than] 0.05). Bloating occurred more often during the last 24 h on 80 g/day of NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB (P [less than] 0.05). None of the doses of NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB resulted in diarrhoea. Compared to baseline levels, breath H[sub.2] excretion, which was only measured after a week with 10 and 15 g of NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB daily, increased (P [less than] 0.05). However, no difference in area under the curve was found. Conclusions:: NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB is a fermentable carbohydrate and is well tolerated up to a dose of 45 g daily. Higher daily dosages (60 and 80 g) may result in flatulence, but does not result in diarrhoea. Sponsorship:: TNO Nutrition and Food Research was assigned by Roquette Fr#232;res to perform the study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) 58, 1046-1055. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601930 Keywords: NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB, dextrin, tolerance, gastro-intestinal symptoms, Author(s): E G H M van den Heuvel [1]; D Wils [2]; W J Pasman [1]; M Bakker [1]; M-H Saniez [2]; A F M Kardinaal [1] Introduction NUTRIOSE[sup.[R]]FB is [...]

Background:: Acute effects of UV irradiation include UV-induced erythema. Sunlight plays an important role in the development of skin cancer. Several predictive factors of UV-induced erythema could also be predictive for skin cancer. Objective:: Our objective was to quantitatively assess phenotypical and nutritional determinants of sensitivity to UV irradiation, as assessed by the minimal erythema dose (MED). Design:: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 335 volunteers. Sensitivity to UV irradiation was established through assessment of the MED. Phenotypical determinants, including skin melanin content, hair color and iris color were determined by skin reflectance spectrometry, a subjective questionnaire and an objective classification system, respectively. Furthermore, dietary exposure was measured by carotenoids, vitamin C, retinol and [alpha]-tocopherol in serum. Results:: Male subjects were found to be more sensitive to UV irradiation; that is, the MED was significantly lower compared to female subjects. Skin melanin content, which was positively associated with iris color in both sexes and with hair color in men, was the main phenotypical determinant of sensitivity to UV irradiation. No associations were found between serum carotenoids and MED in the total study group. Vitamin C was inversely associated with MED. However, associations between carotenoids concentrations and MED showed a positive trend in subjects with melanin values above and a negative trend in subjects below the median after adjustment for gender and total cholesterol. Conclusions:: Skin melanin content and gender are important determinants of sensitivity to UV irradiation. No relation was found between serum carotenoids and MED in the total study group. The inverse association between vitamin C and MED was against our hypothesis. For the modifying effect of melanin on the association between carotenoids and MED, we do not have a clear biological explanation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003) 57, 1222-1229. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601672 Keywords: UV-induced erythema, minimal erythema dose, phenotypical and nutritional determinants, skin melanin content, carotenoids, Author(s): W M R Broekmans [1, 2, 3]; A A Vink [1]; E Boelsma [1]; W A A Klopping-Ketelaars [1]; L B M Tijburg [4]; P van't Veer [2]; G [...]